CN102640985A - Cigarette tar-reducing harm-reducing process and supercritical extraction device for tobacco shred or tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Cigarette tar-reducing harm-reducing process and supercritical extraction device for tobacco shred or tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cigarette production, and particularly relates to a cigarette tar-reducing harm-reducing process, which includes placing tobacco shred or tobacco leaf in a rotating device for supercritical fluid extraction, and treating the extracted tobacco shred or tobacco leaves by microwave or hot air at 80 DEG C-150 DEG C after extraction. By the cigarette tar-reducing harm-reducing process, main aromatic ingredients of the tobacco leaf are maintained, and nicotine or other harmful ingredient precursors in the tobacco leaf are selected lowered. By the cigarette tar-reducing harm-reducing process, cigarette quality can be improved, release amount of tar and harmful ingredients in cigarette smoke can be reduced, and cigarette safety can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the production of cigarettes technical field, particularly a kind of cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process and be used for pipe tobacco or the device of tobacco leaf supercritical extract.
Background technology
At the beginning of the 50's of 20th century, Smoking is harmful to your health for the just open proposition of Britain Royal Society of Medicine.The end of the fifties, U.S. sanitary administration and Britain Royal Society of Medicine all issue a public proclamation think smoking excessive be one of the cause of disease of generation lung cancer.Get into the 90's of 20th century, the ban on opium-smoking and the opium trade cry grows to even greater heights, and the critical period concerning living or death has been arrived in the development of World tobacco industry.Be responsible for for the survival and development of self with to human beings'health, each state has all actively carried out extensive studies to smoking and health problem.Therefore, along with smoking and healthy problem more and more receive publicity, the burst size of the harmful components in the sucking quality of raising cigarette and the reduction cigarette smoke becomes the inevitable development trend of cigarette.
The development low tar is China's tobacco business Development Trend with low harm cigarette, is beneficial to China and is participating in international tobacco competition saliency advantage.The harmful components precursor substance is bigger to the safety effects of cigarette in the tobacco leaf; But do not have good method at present and reduce nicotine and other harmful components in the tobacco leaf; Common way is to utilize the method for filter tip or composite tobacco leaf to filter flue gas or reduce human body produces flue gas to tobacco leaf soakage; But these approach are bigger to the cigarette smoke quality influence, and consumer's acceptance level is lower.Therefore, improve cigarette product scientific and technological content, the inevitable choice that reduces that the tobacco harmful components just become also that present Chinese tobacco enterprise resists that transnational tobacco giant gets into and the task of top priority.
Supercritical fluid (Supercritical Fluid is called for short SCF) is that material is in its critical-temperature (Tc) and the above a kind of state of matter of critical pressure (pc).To the pressurized with fluid of this state, fluid can not liquefy, and only density increases, and this state fluid had both had liquid character, remained with gas performance simultaneously, and the fluid of this state shows some special natures.Like the solvability of the existing liquid of supercritical fluid, good the flowing and the transmission performance of gas arranged again.And near critical point, a small amount of variation of pressure and temperature might significantly change the fluid solvability.Therefore, supercritical fluid is adjusted, the control separation process can be carried out slective extraction to a certain degree to some composition in the tobacco, and supercritical fluid extraction is an application technology that has potentiality.
There is the part cigarette enterprise cigarette shreds to be immersed in the supercritical extract fluid of carbon dioxide at present; Dip time is 200s-400s; Reduce the temperature in the extraction container through pressure release, then pipe tobacco is placed high-temperature hot-air (350-450 ℃), utilize dry ice sublimation to force pipe tobacco to be able to expand.But there is following defective in this processing: the pipe tobacco extraction efficiency is lower, and simultaneously because follow-up treatment process temperature is higher, the burnt bitter breath of the easy generation of pipe tobacco after institute handles exerts an adverse impact to the aesthetic quality of pipe tobacco.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process, the cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking after the said PROCESS FOR TREATMENT is effective, and the aesthetic quality's of pipe tobacco suction flavor is had no adverse effects, and makes the whole aesthetic quality of pipe tobacco be higher than the pipe tobacco that traditional handicraft is handled.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is following:
A kind of cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process carries out supercritical fluid extraction with pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf, utilizes pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf after the hot blast of microwave or 80 ℃-150 ℃ is handled extraction after the extraction.
The intensity of microwave treatment is 50-500KW, and microwave treatment time is 30s-300s.
The hot blast processing time is 2-20min.
Further, when pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf extract, place rotate an and device that can fully contact with supercritical fluid in supercritical fluid.
The rotating speed of said device is 10-100r/min, and rotating the extraction time is 2-60min.
Concrete, pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf are added in the airtight extraction container, in supercritical fluid, extract, regulating the extraction container temperature is 20 ℃-80 ℃, the adjusting extracting pressure is 10-80Mpa; After extraction finished, in removing the process of solvent, the temperature in the extraction container remained on-10 ℃-60 ℃, extracted liquid flux out from the container bottom, extracted the solvent of gasification out from the top of container; With pipe tobacco or the whole from container taking-up of tobacco leaf, place microwave or hot blast to handle and remove solvent afterwards.
The mixture of one or more in employing carbon dioxide, HFC-134a, ammonia, propane, butane, iso-butane, dimethyl ether, ether, sulfur hexafluoride, dicholorodifluoromethane, F-22, ethanol, the n-hexane is an extractant.
Further, the employing carbon dioxide is an extractant, and adopting ethanol or acetone or its aqueous solution simultaneously is entrainer, makes entrainer and carbon dioxide become fluid-mixing; Extract 2-60min in 20 ℃-80 ℃, 5-60Mpa; Extraction finishes to remove in the process of solvent, and the temperature in the extraction container remains on-10 ℃-60 ℃.
The invention provides one grow tobacco lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process; Utilize pipe tobacco in the supercritical extract solvent, to rotate contacting of increase and solvent on the one hand; Increase dip time simultaneously, improved the extraction efficiency of extractant generally, harmful components extract and separate such as the nicotine in the tobacco leaf, tar precursor thing, harmful components precursor matrix are come out; Thereby reduce the burst size of cigarette smoke tar, nicotine and harmful components in itself; Resulting tobacco sample can be joined with normal cigarette shreds ginseng, can directly add to mix in the cigarette composition or after chopping being fitted in the cigarette composition as the case may be to by 1-40%, does not influence normal use; Can reduce simultaneously the burst size of harmful ingredients in flue gas, thereby improve the security of cigarette.
Because adopt supercritical solvent extraction, pipe tobacco does not contact with oxygen.When from tobacco leaf, removing solvent gas, utilize microwave or low temperature hot blast to handle the solvent that removes in the tobacco leaf, with respect to high-temperature process, its advantage is: can keep the fragrance component of tobacco leaf itself that big variation does not take place preferably, satisfy the fragrance quality of cigarette.
Overcritical used extractant reusable edible in the method; Evaporating the solvent gas that in the extraction process in solid phase and the liquid phase reclaims after compressing and liquefying.
The device that is adopted also is on the basis of the used dry-ice expanding equipment of existing cigarette enterprise; Increase a rotation and the device that can fully contact with supercritical fluid; This device those skilled in the art can adopt any device that can realize this purpose in the prior art, like rotating food steamer etc.
Concrete; A kind of device that is used for pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf supercritical extract that also can adopt following the present invention preferably to provide; Comprise extraction kettle; The cage shape equipment that revolution is rotated is installed in described extraction kettle, and said equipment is provided with plurality of opening, and cage shape device bottom or lateral wall drive with power set and be connected.
The percent opening of said cage shape equipment is 20-70%, specifically can regulate according to the size of pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf, from cage shape equipment, does not run out of as long as can guarantee pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf, can guarantee again that simultaneously extractant gets into cage shape equipment and contacts with pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf and get final product.
Extraction kettle medium power device can adopt can drive the device that cage shape equipment rotates in any prior art.When the revolution of cage shape equipment is rotated, can rotate, also can rotate around the axle vertical with trunnion axis around trunnion axis.
After the inventive method is handled; Resulting pipe tobacco and blade releasing content of coke tar in cigarette reduce 15-25%; The CO of cigarette mainstream flue gas, NO, PAHs, TSNAs, free radical, volatility nitrile, phenols etc. can reduce 10-35%; Simultaneously the organoleptic quality of cigarette is had the effect of better promotion, it is fragrant to set off the nature cigarette, reduces the cigarette smoke excitant, strengthens flue gas promote the production of body fluid sense, raising cigarette comfort level.
The present invention has following advantage with respect to prior art:
Cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process of the present invention is when keeping the main aroma component of tobacco leaf; Selectivity reduces nicotine or other harmful components precursor in the tobacco leaf effectively; This The Application of Technology can improve the quality of cigarette; Reduce the burst size of cigarette smoke tar and harmful components, improve the security of cigarette.
Description of drawings
The device that be used for pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf supercritical extract of Fig. 1 for being adopted in the embodiment of the invention, wherein 1 is extraction kettle, and 2 is cage shape equipment food steamer, and 3 is power set.
The specific embodiment
Below with specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
When carrying out supercritical extract, following examples adopt equipment with reference to figure 1; Comprise extraction kettle 1; The cage shape equipment food steamer 2 that revolution is rotated is installed in described extraction kettle 1; Said food steamer 2 is provided with plurality of opening, and percent opening is adjusted between 20-70% according to the size of pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf, and food steamer 2 bottoms drive with power set 3 and are connected.
Embodiment 1
The food steamer that 200 Kg cigarette shreds are housed is placed airtight extraction container, in container, inject the CO that is in a liquid state
2Be extractant, and squeeze into absolute ethyl alcohol as entrainer, regulating the extraction kettle temperature is 30 ℃, regulates extracting pressure 20Mpa; With the complete submergence of cigarette shreds, regulate the rotating speed 40r/min of food steamer, rotate extraction time 20min, after extraction finishes; In removing the process of solvent, the temperature in the extraction container remains on 20 ℃, extracts liquid flux out from the container bottom; Extract the solvent of gasification out from the top of container, after extraction finishes, place the 150KW microwave to handle the solvent that 220s removes tobacco leaf in pipe tobacco.
The food steamer that 200 Kg tobacco leafs are housed is placed airtight extraction container, in container, inject the CO that is in a liquid state
2Be extractant, and squeeze into absolute ethyl alcohol that regulating the extraction kettle temperature is 30 ℃ as entrainer; Regulate extracting pressure 20Mpa; With the complete submergence of finished product tobacco leaf, regulate the rotating speed 40r/min of food steamer, rotate extraction time 20min; Extraction places 100 ℃ hot blast to handle the solvent that 10min removes tobacco leaf in blade after finishing.
The food steamer that 200 Kg finished product tobacco leaves are housed is placed airtight extraction container, and in container, injecting the dimethyl ether that is in a liquid state is extractant, and squeezes into acetone as entrainer; Regulating the extraction kettle temperature is 40 ℃, regulates extracting pressure 30Mpa, with the complete submergence of finished product tobacco leaf; Regulate the rotating speed 20r/min of food steamer; Rotate extraction time 25min, after extraction finishes, extract the solvent of gasification out from the top of container; With the whole from container taking-up of finished product tobacco leaf, place the 200KW microwave to handle the solvent that 150s removes tobacco leaf.
Embodiment 4
The food steamer that 200 Kg finished product tobacco leaves are housed is placed airtight extraction container, and in container, injecting the butane that is in a liquid state is extractant, and squeezes into 60% acetone as entrainer; Regulating the extraction kettle temperature is 30 ℃, regulates extracting pressure 40Mpa, with the complete submergence of finished product tobacco leaf; Regulate the rotating speed 25r/min of food steamer; Rotate extraction time 40min, extraction places 130 ℃ hot blast to handle the solvent that 10min removes tobacco leaf on tobacco leaf after finishing.
Embodiment 5
The food steamer that 200 Kg cigarette shreds are housed is placed airtight extraction container, and in container, injecting the HFC-134a that is in a liquid state is extractant, and squeezes into 40% ethanol as entrainer; Regulating the extraction kettle temperature is 40 ℃, regulates extracting pressure 35Mpa, with the complete submergence of cigarette shreds; Regulate the rotating speed 30r/min of food steamer, rotate extraction time 30min, after extraction finishes; Extract the solvent of gasification out from the top of container; With the whole from container taking-up of cigarette shreds, place the 50KW microwave to handle the solvent that 300s removes pipe tobacco, take out pipe tobacco.
Embodiment 6
The food steamer that 200 Kg cigarette shreds are housed is placed airtight extraction container, in container, inject the CO that is in a liquid state
2, the dimethyl ether mixed solvent is extractant, and squeezes into 70% acetone as entrainer, regulating the extraction kettle temperature is 25 ℃; Regulate extracting pressure 25Mpa,, regulate the rotating speed 25r/min of food steamer the complete submergence of cigarette shreds; Rotate extraction time 30min, after extraction finishes, extract the solvent of gasification out from the top of container; With the whole from container taking-up of cigarette shreds, place the 300KW microwave to handle the solvent that 100s removes pipe tobacco, take out cigarette shreds.
Embodiment 7
The food steamer that 200 Kg finished product tobacco leaves are housed is placed airtight extraction container, in container, inject the CO that is in a liquid state
2, butane, HFC-134a mixed solvent be extractant, and squeezes into 50% ethanol as entrainer, regulating the extraction kettle temperature is 30 ℃; Regulate extracting pressure 25Mpa,, regulate the rotating speed 20r/min of food steamer the complete submergence of finished product tobacco leaf; Rotate extraction time 30min, after extraction finishes, extract the solvent of gasification out from the top of container; With the whole from container taking-up of finished product tobacco leaf, place the 500KW microwave to handle the solvent that 30s removes tobacco leaf, take out tobacco leaf.
Comparative Examples 1
The food steamer that 200 Kg cigarette shreds are housed is placed airtight extraction container, in container, inject the CO that is in a liquid state
2Be extractant, and squeeze into absolute ethyl alcohol that regulating the extraction kettle temperature is 30 ℃ as entrainer; Regulate extracting pressure 20Mpa,, regulate the rotating speed 40r/min of food steamer the complete submergence of finished product tobacco leaf; Rotate extraction time 20min, after extraction finishes, in removing the process of solvent; Temperature in the extraction container remains on 20 ℃, extracts liquid flux out from the container bottom, extracts the solvent of gasification out from the top of container; After extraction finishes, place 350 ℃ hot blast to handle the solvent that 40s removes tobacco leaf in pipe tobacco.
The inventive method and the comparative analysis of high-temperature processing technology pipe tobacco flavor component
Comparing embodiment 1 (microwave treatment), embodiment 2 (K cryogenic treatment) and Comparative Examples 1 (high-temperature process) technology are handled the main flavor component in the pipe tobacco of back, and detailed results is seen table 1.
The flavor component content analysis (μ g/g) of table 1 different disposal method pipe tobacco
| Flavor component | Comparative Examples 1 | Embodiment 1 | |
| Furfural | 5.41 | 7.92 | 8.43 |
| Furfuryl alcohol | 1.57 | 3.02 | 2.41 |
| Butyrolactone | 0.62 | 1.01 | 0.91 |
| Benzylalcohol | 6.81 | 9.56 | 9.88 |
| Phenylacetaldehyde | 0.81 | 1.87 | 1.64 |
| Linalool | 1.01 | 1.62 | 1.21 |
| Bata-phenethyl alcohol | 2.92 | 4.16 | 3.78 |
| Geraniol | 0.41 | 0.45 | 0.5 |
| Solanone | 15.78 | 22.32 | 19.99 |
| Damascenone | 8.21 | 9.98 | 10.45 |
| Geranyl acetone | 2.68 | 3.21 | 3.31 |
| Megastigmatrienone | 17.57 | 21.06 | 20.85 |
| Methyl palmitate | 5.71 | 6.87 | 6.69 |
| Methyl linolenate | 24.32 | 26.98 | 27.19 |
| The flavor component total amount | 93.83 | 120.03 | 117.24 |
Can know by table 1; The total amount of pipe tobacco flavor component is respectively after existing high-temperature process, microwave treatment, the K cryogenic treatment: 93.83 μ g/g, 120.03 μ g/g and 117.24 μ g/g; Wherein with the flavor component content of pipe tobacco after the microwave treatment for the highest; It is thus clear that; Pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf adopt different post processing modes to remove solvent to the influence of each flavor component in the tobacco leaf and inequality after extraction, and the advantage of utilizing microwave treatment and low temperature hot blast to handle aspect the aroma constituent that volatility is stronger in the maintenance tobacco leaf is more obvious.Promptly all in all adopt the pipe tobacco of the flavor component content of the pipe tobacco that microwave treatment or low temperature hot blast handle, can better keep flavor component, improve the cigarette quality apparently higher than high-temperature process.
The effect comparison of static extracting and tobacco leaf rotation extraction
The security of cigarette will be reduced, and the pleasant impression to cigarette has bad influence simultaneously, and therefore the clearance rate with nicotine serves as to investigate index, the effect of extracting of contrast static extracting and tobacco leaf rotation extraction.
Static extracting extracts in the food steamer that tobacco leaf is not interposing at rotation, the same the present invention of other parameters; Both compare; The result finds that static extracting is merely 3.5% (when adopting embodiment 1 parameter) to the clear rate of tobacco leaf nicotine; And when adopting other technological parameters of embodiment 1, the clearance rate of tobacco leaf nicotine strengthens along with the increase of rotary speed during tobacco leaf rotation extraction, when the tobacco leaf rotary speed is 10r/min; The clearance rate of tobacco leaf nicotine is 9.5%; When the tobacco leaf rotary speed reached 80r/min, the clearance rate of tobacco leaf nicotine can reach 21.5%, this shows that tobacco leaf rotation extraction obviously is superior to static extracting to removing tobacco leaf nicotine.
The present invention handles the influence to aesthetic quality and cigarette smoke composition burst size of tobacco leaf and conventional treatment tobacco leaf
Utilize the pipe tobacco after the embodiment of the invention 1 and Comparative Examples 1 common process (control samples) are handled respectively; Pipe tobacco after handling is assigned in the same cigarette composition according to 20% mass ratio ginseng; Compare from aesthetic quality, smoke components burst size etc.; The sensory quality assessment result sees table 2, can be known by table 2: conventional treatment pipe tobacco ginseng joins that to show as strength in the cigarette bigger, and alkalescence stimulates obviously; The flue gas concentration basically identical of two kinds of processing modes; The microwave treatment pipe tobacco obviously is superior to conventional treatment the aesthetic quality of aspects such as fragrance matter, perfume quantity, soft and fine degree and pleasant impression, and it is fragrant that the pipe tobacco after the present invention handles has the nature of a setting off cigarette, reduces the cigarette smoke excitant, strengthens the promote the production of body fluid advantage of sense, raising cigarette comfort level of flue gas.
Table 2 different disposal mode is to tobacco leaf aesthetic quality's influence
| Evaluation index | Conventional treatment | Microwave treatment |
| Fragrance matter (9) | 6.5 | 7.0 |
| Perfume quantity (9) | 6.0 | 6.5 |
| Concentration (9) | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Soft and fine degree (9) | 5.5 | 6.5 |
| Pleasant impression (9) | 5.0 | 6.0 |
| Assorted gas (9) | 5.5 | 6.5 |
| Excitant (9) | 5.5 | 6.5 |
| Strength (9) | In | In - |
| Flammability (9) | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| Grey (9) | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Total score value | 51.5 | 56.5 |
Through knowing to the cigarette smoke composition measurement; Compare with the pipe tobacco that traditional handicraft is handled; Utilize embodiment 1 resulting pipe tobacco to prepare cigarette; Can make the releasing content of coke tar of cigarette smoke reduce by 18.5%, CO, NO, PAHs, TSNAs, volatility nitrile, phenols etc. can reduce by 21.2%, 10.62%, 25.10%, 16.71%, 32.78% and 31.26% respectively in the cigarette smoke.
The foregoing description is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, and other the change that any the present invention of not deviating from did all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process is characterized in that, earlier pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf is carried out supercritical fluid extraction, utilizes pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf after the hot blast of microwave or 80 ℃-150 ℃ is handled extraction after the extraction.
2. cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the intensity of microwave treatment is 50-500KW, and microwave treatment time is 30s-300s.
3. cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that 80-150 ℃ of hot blast processing time is 2-20min.
4. like the arbitrary described cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, when pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf extract, place rotate an and device that can fully contact with supercritical fluid in supercritical fluid.
5. cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the rotating speed of said device is 10-100r/min, and rotating the extraction time is 2-60min.
6. cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf are added in the airtight extraction container, in supercritical fluid, extracts, and regulating the extraction container temperature is 20 ℃-80 ℃, and the adjusting extracting pressure is 10-80Mpa; After extraction finished, in removing the process of solvent, the temperature in the extraction container remained on-10 ℃-60 ℃, extracted liquid flux out from the container bottom, extracted the solvent of gasification out from the top of container; With pipe tobacco or the whole from container taking-up of tobacco leaf, place microwave or hot blast to handle and remove solvent afterwards.
7. cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process as claimed in claim 6; It is characterized in that the mixture of one or more in employing carbon dioxide, HFC-134a, ammonia, propane, butane, iso-butane, dimethyl ether, ether, sulfur hexafluoride, dicholorodifluoromethane, F-22, ethanol, the n-hexane is an extractant.
8. cigarette lowering harm and decreasing coking treatment process as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that the employing carbon dioxide is an extractant, and adopting ethanol or acetone or its aqueous solution simultaneously is entrainer, makes entrainer and carbon dioxide become fluid-mixing; Extract 2-60min in 20 ℃-80 ℃, 5-60Mpa.
9. device that is used for pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf supercritical extract; Comprise extraction kettle, it is characterized in that, the cage shape equipment that revolution is rotated is installed in the described extraction kettle; Said equipment is provided with plurality of opening, and cage shape device bottom or lateral wall drive with power set and be connected.
10. the device that is used for pipe tobacco or tobacco leaf supercritical extract as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that the percent opening of said cage shape equipment is 20-70%.
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| CN104284605A (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2015-01-14 | R.J.雷诺兹烟草公司 | Method for treating an extracted tobacco pulp and tobacco products made therefrom |
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