CN102636303A - Method for measuring residual stress of thin plating layer based on surface ultrasonic waves - Google Patents
Method for measuring residual stress of thin plating layer based on surface ultrasonic waves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the residual stress of a thin plating layer based on surface ultrasonic waves. The method comprises the following steps of: setting the working distance between a transmitting probe and a receiving probe; preparing a thin plating layer sample to be measured into a standard stretching member, and performing stress relief annealing; fixing the display time of an initial wave signal; under multiple stress conditions, testing the thin plating layer sample to be measured, and recording the surface ultrasonic wave signal under each stress condition until a macrocrack appears on the thin plating layer to be measured; defining a reference signal, and respectively calculating the time difference between the surface ultrasonic wave signal of the thin plating layer to be measured and the reference signal under multiple stress conditions; fitting an acoustic elasticity formula for describing the relationship between the stress and the time difference according to the corresponding relationship between multiple stresses and the time difference; and calculating the time difference between the surface ultrasonic wave detection signal and the reference signal for the sample to be measured of the thin plating layer with the same thickness and same type as the thin plating layer sample to be measured, and calculating the residual stress value of the sample to be measured by use of the acoustic elasticity formula.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measurement, particularly a kind of method of measuring the flash plating unrelieved stress based on ultrasonic surface.
Background technology
At present, China all has a large amount of wastes of iron and steel parts to carry out the recovery of material level as scrap iron and steel every year, causes the waste of resource, the energy and the pollution of environment.From the idea of resource, environment and social economy's sustainable development, the wastes of iron and steel parts are reclaimed and make to handle, energy-saving material-saving, environmental protection and the coordinated development that promotes social economy and environment are significant.
The coating for preparing desired properties at surface of the work is to improve workpiece performance and reenlist life-span method the most commonly used, thereby, the common method that the technology of various preparation coating also just becomes the wastes of iron and steel parts when making again.
The wastes of iron and steel parts are behind overlay coating, and can whether effectively coating be related to operate as normal through making the wastes of iron and steel parts of handling again.In practical application, coating might premature failure, and unrelieved stress causes the key factor of coating premature failure (like stress corrosion, fracture etc.) exactly, thereby detects the coating unrelieved stress quality that guarantees the coating product is just seemed extremely important.
Conventional unrelieved stress detection method (like blind hole method, ray diffraction method) is though can realize the detection of coating unrelieved stress; But because they all have certain limitation; Like destructiveness, radiation etc.; Therefore these detection methods only are fit to the coating product is carried out sampling Detection, can't detect unrelieved stress to all coating products, and this quality for the coating product is brought hidden danger with safety.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome existing coating unrelieved stress detection method and only be fit to the coating product is carried out sampling Detection, can't detect the defective of unrelieved stress to all coating products, thereby a kind of method of the coating product being done Non-Destructive Testing is provided.
To achieve these goals; The invention provides a kind of method of measuring the flash plating unrelieved stress based on ultrasonic surface; Be applied to comprise at least that this method comprises in the pick-up unit of ultrasonic pulse emission receiving instrument 1, digital oscilloscope 3 and two ultrasonic surface probe 5:
Transmitting probe and the operating distance of receiving transducer in test process in step 1), said pair of ultrasonic surface probe 5 of setting;
Step 2), flash plating specimen preparation to be measured is become the standard tensile part, and said flash plating sample to be measured is carried out stress relief annealing;
Step 3), in step 2) result according to step 1) on the flash plating to be measured surface of resulting said flash plating sample to be measured settles said pair of ultrasonic surface probe 5; The then fixing ripple demonstration time of signal in said digital oscilloscope 3 beginning; Then under a plurality of stress conditions; Adopt 5 pairs of said flash plating samples to be measured of said pair of ultrasonic surface probe to test respectively, write down the surface wave ultrasonic signal under each stress condition, macroscopic cracking occurs until said flash plating to be measured;
Step 4), definition reference signal are in ultrasonic surface signal that calculates said flash plating to be measured under said a plurality of stress conditions respectively and the mistiming between the said reference signal;
Step 5), the many groups stress that obtains according to step 4) and the corresponding relation between the mistiming simulate the acoustic elasticity formula that is used to describe stress and mistiming relation;
Step 6), to and the sample to be tested of said flash plating sample to be measured with same thickness, same type flash plating calculate the mistiming between surperficial ultrasonic testing signals and reference signal, the acoustic elasticity formula that utilizes step 5) to obtain then calculates the residual-stress value of this sample to be tested.
In the technique scheme, described step 1) comprises:
Step 1-1), transmitting probe and receiving transducer in the said pair of ultrasonic surface probe 5 are arranged on coating surface to be measured; The pulsed ultrasonic wave that transmitting probe is launched transmits the back by the corresponding echoed signal of said receiving transducer collection in said coating to be measured, extract the maximum amplitude of echoed signal;
Step 1-2), change relative position between said transmitting probe and the receiving transducer to change the propagation distance of ultrasonic surface in coating to be measured, remeasure echoed signal then, extract maximum amplitude;
Step 1-3), repeating step 1-2) operation, obtain the data of many group propagation distances, echoed signal maximum amplitude;
Step 1-4), with formula A=aL
bBe the basis, according to before many groups propagation distance of calculating of step, the data fitting of echoed signal maximum amplitude go out the relational expression of propagation distance and echoed signal maximum amplitude; Wherein, A representes the echoed signal maximum amplitude, and L representes the propagation distance of echoed signal; A, b are two parameters relevant with composite coating properties;
Step 1-5), according to step 1-4) propagation distance that obtains and the relational expression between the echoed signal maximum amplitude; Corresponding propagation distance when the signal calculated amplitude is reduced to maximal value 50%, with this apart from as the transmitting probe that will set and the operating distance between receiving transducer.
In the technique scheme, in described step 4), said definition reference signal comprises: when extraneous load was 0N, the ultrasonic surface signal of said flash plating to be measured is signal as a reference.
In the technique scheme, said coating to be measured is that thickness is the fast nickel brush coating of 0.16mm, and said acoustic elasticity formula is t=1.76 σ, and wherein t is the mistiming, and σ is a stress.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, the present invention can do Non-Destructive Testing to the coating product, makes that all coating products are done the unrelieved stress detection becomes possibility, the security-hidden trouble of avoiding sampling Detection to bring, the accuracy of raising coating unrelieved stress evaluation result.
2, detection speed of the present invention is fast.
Figure of description
The structural representation of the unrelieved stress pick-up unit that Fig. 1 will use by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a process flow diagram of measuring the method for flash plating unrelieved stress based on ultrasonic surface of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of ultrasonic surface echoed signal in the detected in one embodiment fast nickel brush coating.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is elaborated.
The major reason that coating lost efficacy is craze of coating that skin stress causes, delamination etc., thereby, just can estimate through detecting the coating unrelieved stress the degree of injury of coating.Adopt ultrasonic surface to measure stress among the present invention, it is the method for on acoustoelectric effect theoretical foundation, the media table ply stress being measured, and promptly realizes the evaluation of media table ply stress through the measurement velocity of sound.In view of accurately surface measurements ultrasound wave difficulty of velocity of propagation in coating is bigger; Thereby; The present invention turns to the gauging surface ultrasound wave in coating, to pass through the used mistiming of same distance; Ultrasonic surface passes through used mistiming of same propagation distance and the relation between the stress when promptly setting up different stress, thereby the unrelieved stress in the coating is detected.
For the ease of understanding, before the coating unrelieved stress is detected, at first the unrelieved stress pick-up unit that is adopted among the embodiment is described.
As shown in Figure 1, described unrelieved stress pick-up unit comprises ultrasonic pulse emission receiving instrument 1, sampling system 2, digital oscilloscope 3, analytic system 4 and two ultrasonic surface probe 5; Wherein, The pulsed ultrasonic wave that described ultrasonic pulse emission receiving instrument 1 is launched is delivered in the coating through a probe in the said pair of ultrasonic surface probe 5; Pulsed ultrasonic wave is received by another probe of said pair of ultrasonic surface probe 5 after coating is propagated, and returns to described ultrasonic pulse emission receiving instrument 1; The 1 received ultrasonic pulse of 2 pairs of ultrasonic pulse emissions of described sampling system receiving instrument is sampled, and the data after will sampling are carried out discrete processes via digital oscilloscope 3, the final unrelieved stress of being calculated coating by analytic system 4 according to the method for the invention.
Below in conjunction with above-mentioned unrelieved stress pick-up unit,, the testing process of unrelieved stress in the coating is described with reference to figure 2.
In one embodiment of the invention, adopting the brush coating technology is that the 45 steel surface preparation of 3.0mm go out the fast nickel brush coating that thickness is 0.16mm at a thickness.To detect unrelieved stress in this coating hereinafter.
Transmitting probe and the operating distance of receiving transducer in test process in step 1, the two ultrasonic surfaces probes of setting.
In this step, set the distance between transmitting probe and the receiving transducer, can realize in the following manner:
Step 1-1, transmitting probe and receiving transducer are arranged on fast nickel brush coating surface to be measured, the pulsed ultrasonic wave that transmitting probe is launched transmits the back by the corresponding echoed signal of said receiving transducer collection in this coating, extract the maximum amplitude of echoed signal;
Relative position between step 1-2, the said transmitting probe of change and the receiving transducer remeasures echoed signal then to change the propagation distance of ultrasonic surface in fast nickel brush coating, extracts maximum amplitude;
The operation of step 1-3, repeating step 1-2 obtains the data of organizing propagation distances, echoed signal maximum amplitude more;
Step 1-4, with formula A=aL
bBe the basis, according to before many groups propagation distance of calculating of step, the data fitting of echoed signal maximum amplitude go out the relation of propagation distance and echoed signal maximum amplitude;
A＝256·L
-0.6 (1)
In the above-mentioned formula, A representes the echoed signal maximum amplitude, and L representes the propagation distance of echoed signal; A, b are two parameters relevant with composite coating properties;
Need to prove that the thickness of the parameter a that calculates in the above-mentioned formula (1), the size of b and coating, the type of coating have close getting in touch, if thickness of coating or coating type change, the corresponding relation of then above-mentioned formula (1) will be probably no longer suitable.
Step 1-5, the propagation distance that obtains according to step 1-4 and the relational expression between the echoed signal maximum amplitude, corresponding propagation distance when the signal calculated amplitude is reduced to maximal value 50%, with this apart from as distance between the transmitting probe that will set and receiving transducer.
Step 2, fast nickel brush coating specimen preparation is become the standard tensile part, and brush coating sample is carried out stress relief annealing according to national standard.
Being embodied as of this step is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, in this no longer repeat specification.
In the present embodiment, when increasing stress, can increase the stress of 500N size at every turn, in other embodiments, then be not limited thereto.The ultrasonic surface signal that detection obtains under different stress conditions has been shown in Fig. 3.In this step, between detection period, can adopt osmosis that fast nickel brush coating top layer is observed.
Because the beginning immobilizes the ripple time of signal in oscillograph, the velocity of propagation of ultrasonic surface when therefore receiving the difference of signal on time location different stress being described, in figure as shown in Figure 2, signal keeps left more, shows that velocity of propagation is big more.In the present embodiment; When the extraneous load of definable is 0N; Fast nickel brush coating surface ultrasonic signal is a reference signal; Mistiming between ultrasonic surface signal and reference signal in the fast nickel brush coating when adopting the cross correlation function method to calculate different stress then, with this mistiming as the parameter of estimating the velocity of sound.
Wherein, said acoustic elasticity formula is shown in formula (2):
t＝1.76σ (2)
T is the mistiming, and σ is a stress.
In the present embodiment; Resulting nominal acoustic elasticity constant K=1.76 are the nominal sonoelastic coefficient of the fast nickel brush coating of 0.16mm for thickness; The kind of (becoming 0.20mm) or coating to be measured change (is zn-fe alloy coating like coating to be measured) in case the thickness of coating to be measured changes like thickness; The big young pathbreaker of then nominal acoustic elasticity constant K probably changes, and its size no longer is described 1.76.
After step 6, demarcation are accomplished; When measuring residual-stress value for fast nickel brush coating with identical type and thickness; Earlier the mistiming between surperficial ultrasonic testing signals of measuring and calculating and reference signal, the acoustic elasticity formula that utilizes step 5 to obtain then calculates the residual-stress value of fast nickel brush coating.
The thickness that the acoustic elasticity formula that step 5 calculates is only applicable in the present embodiment and is mentioned is the fast nickel brush coating of 0.16mm; In case the kind and the thickness of coating change; Then need with reference to step 1-step 5 before; Recomputate the acoustic elasticity formula, utilize said acoustic elasticity formula to measure residual-stress value then.
Claims (4)
1. measure the method for flash plating unrelieved stress based on ultrasonic surface for one kind, be applied to comprise at least that this method comprises in the pick-up unit of ultrasonic pulse emission receiving instrument (1), digital oscilloscope (3) and two ultrasonic surface probe (5):
Transmitting probe and the operating distance of receiving transducer in test process in step 1), the said pair of ultrasonic surface probe of setting (5);
Step 2), flash plating specimen preparation to be measured is become the standard tensile part, and said flash plating sample to be measured is carried out stress relief annealing;
Step 3), in step 2) result according to step 1) on the flash plating to be measured surface of resulting said flash plating sample to be measured settles said pair of ultrasonic surface probe (5); The then fixing ripple demonstration time of signal in said digital oscilloscope (3) beginning; Then under a plurality of stress conditions; Adopt said pair of ultrasonic surface probe (5) that said flash plating sample to be measured is tested respectively; Write down the surface wave ultrasonic signal under each stress condition, macroscopic cracking occurs until said flash plating to be measured;
Step 4), definition reference signal are in ultrasonic surface signal that calculates said flash plating to be measured under said a plurality of stress conditions respectively and the mistiming between the said reference signal;
Step 5), the many groups stress that obtains according to step 4) and the corresponding relation between the mistiming simulate the acoustic elasticity formula that is used to describe stress and mistiming relation;
Step 6), to and the sample to be tested of said flash plating sample to be measured with same thickness, same type flash plating calculate the mistiming between surperficial ultrasonic testing signals and reference signal, the acoustic elasticity formula that utilizes step 5) to obtain then calculates the residual-stress value of this sample to be tested.
2. the method based on ultrasonic surface mensuration flash plating unrelieved stress according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step 1) comprises:
Step 1-1), transmitting probe and receiving transducer in the said pair of ultrasonic surface probe (5) are arranged on coating surface to be measured; The pulsed ultrasonic wave that transmitting probe is launched transmits the back by the corresponding echoed signal of said receiving transducer collection in said coating to be measured, extract the maximum amplitude of echoed signal;
Step 1-2), change relative position between said transmitting probe and the receiving transducer to change the propagation distance of ultrasonic surface in coating to be measured, remeasure echoed signal then, extract maximum amplitude;
Step 1-3), repeating step 1-2) operation, obtain the data of many group propagation distances, echoed signal maximum amplitude;
Step 1-4), with formula A=aL
bBe the basis, according to before many groups propagation distance of calculating of step, the data fitting of echoed signal maximum amplitude go out the relational expression of propagation distance and echoed signal maximum amplitude; Wherein, A representes the echoed signal maximum amplitude, and L representes the propagation distance of echoed signal; A, b are two parameters relevant with composite coating properties;
Step 1-5), according to step 1-4) propagation distance that obtains and the relational expression between the echoed signal maximum amplitude; Corresponding propagation distance when the signal calculated amplitude is reduced to maximal value 50%, with this apart from as the transmitting probe that will set and the operating distance between receiving transducer.
3. the method for measuring the flash plating unrelieved stress based on ultrasonic surface according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; In described step 4), said definition reference signal comprises: when extraneous load was 0N, the ultrasonic surface signal of said flash plating to be measured is signal as a reference.
4. the method for measuring the flash plating unrelieved stress based on ultrasonic surface according to claim 1; It is characterized in that said coating to be measured is that thickness is the fast nickel brush coating of 0.16mm, said acoustic elasticity formula is t=1.76 σ; Wherein t is the mistiming, and σ is a stress.
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