CN105865675A - Supersonic residual stress testing method capable of correcting influence of precipitated phase amount difference - Google Patents
Supersonic residual stress testing method capable of correcting influence of precipitated phase amount difference Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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Abstract
The invention provides a supersonic residual stress testing method capable of correcting the influence of precipitated phase amount difference, and belongs to the field of nondestructive test of welding residual stress. The method includes the steps of establishing a database of relationship between precipitated phase amount and longitudinal wave signal attenuation degrees, the transmission time of critical refraction longitudinal waves in zero stress samples and acoustic elasticity coefficients, during a residual stress test, firstly determining longitudinal wave signal attenuation degree of the tested area, determining the calculating value of the precipitated phase amount according to the attenuation degree, further calculating the transmission time of critical refraction longitudinal waves in zero stress stretching samples of the tested area and acoustic elasticity coefficients, and finally obtaining the corrected residual stress. Through the test method, errors, of acoustic elasticity coefficient and transmission time of supersonic waves in zero stress samples, caused by precipitated phase amount in different welding areas can be corrected, and the precision of supersonic residual stress test can be substantially improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revised and separate out phasor differentia influence, belong to the Non-Destructive Testing of welding residual stress
Field.
Background technology
Welding is most important a kind of connected mode in commercial production, and welding quality decides welding product quality, draws owing to welding residual stress is excessive
It is that topmost welding destroys that the welding point risen destroys.Optimizing welding process in production practices is had non-by the residual stress Non-Destructive Testing of welding point
The most important directive function.The lossless detection method of residual stress mainly have neutron diffraction method, synchrotron radiation method, magnetic particle method, X-ray diffraction method and
Ultrasonic Detection Method.Wherein, neutron diffraction method, synchrotron radiation method apparatus expensive, testing cost is high, it is difficult to on-line checking weldering in production practices
Connect residual stress；Magnetic particle method residual stress test is only used for the test of Magnetic Measurement, and repeatability is poor；X-ray can only to the test of residual stress
Testing tens micron thickness, the surface quality requirements treating test sample is higher, is affected bigger by the quality state on surface.Supercritical ultrasonics technology is in recent years
Carry out residual stress lossless detection method with fastest developing speed, have can fast, radiationless with the two dimensional weld residual stress in MTD direction, test speed,
The advantages such as equipment is light, cost is relatively low.
Supercritical ultrasonics technology is measured residual stress and is belonged to indirect measurement, and ultrasound wave spread speed in treating test sample also exists with the residual stress treated in test sample
The spread speed in treating test sample of acoustic elasticity relation, i.e. ultrasound wave and the residual stress treated in test sample present linear relationship substantially.Former according to acoustic elasticity
Reason, if ultrasonic transmission/reception transducer distance is fixing, (stress is designated as σ at zero stress sample to record ultrasound wave0Propagation time t in)0Treating with ultrasound wave
Ultrasound propagation time t in test sample, can obtain residual-stress value σ treating test sample, it may be assumed that σ-σ according to the sound time difference0=A (t-t0), A and material from
Body character and transmitting-receiving probe distance determine, are demarcated by simple tension.
But, not only treat that the spread speed affecting ultrasound wave can be treated that the microstructure in test sample also can be to the biography of ultrasound wave by the residual stress in test sample
Broadcast speed and produce impact.Owing to field of welding temperature is different, weldment can form welded seam area (FZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ) and mother metal region
(BM), there is larger difference in the microstructure in these regions.Some bigger microstructure difference on the impact of ultrasonic propagation velocity even with weldering
Connect the residual stress impact on ultrasonic propagation velocity at the same order of magnitude, have a strong impact on the measuring accuracy of ultrasound wave residual stress test method, limit
Make the development of ultrasound wave residual stress test method.Therefore, how in ultrasound wave residual stress test method by microstructure to ultrasonic propagation velocity
Impact and residual stress on the impact of ultrasonic propagation velocity separately, be a problem needing solution badly.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revised and separate out phasor differentia influence, it can be revised due to weld metal zone
Territory, heat-affected zone and mother metal region precipitation phasor are to sonoelastic coefficient k, and ultrasound wave is propagation time t in zero stress sample0Produced huge mistake
Difference, is remarkably improved the measuring accuracy of ultrasound wave Welded Joints residual stress.
The present invention realizes its goal of the invention and is adopted the technical scheme that: a kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test side revising precipitation phasor differentia influence
Method, its step is as follows:
A, preparation precipitated phase test specimens
The rolling of A1, parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut stretching sample w group, are designated as W1Group, W2Group ... Ww-1Group, WwGroup, often organizes stretching
Sample includes same stretch sample rbRoot；
A2, to W1Group stretching sample is left intact, to W2-WwGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, stretching in same group
Sample heat treatment condition is identical, and concrete heat treatment condition is: W2Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C temperature retention time hbHour, W3Group stretching sample exists
Temperature TbDEG C temperature retention time hb+ΔhbHour ... Ww-1Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C temperature retention time hb+Δhb(w-1-2) hour, Ww
Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C temperature retention time hb+Δhb(w-2) hour, W is i.e. obtained1-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens, wherein Δ hbFor phase
The hourage of adjacent two groups of stretching sample temperature retention time differences；Wherein W2-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens is through Overheating Treatment, it is believed that be zero stress shape
State；
A3, to W1-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens carries out metallographic process, is calculated at metallographic by microscope or EBSD
The W of reason1-WwOrganize the precipitation phasor of all precipitated phase test specimens in each group, and take W respectively1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group
Separate out phasor meansigma methods, be designated as P respectively1, P2, P3……Pw-1, Pw；
B, foundation precipitation phasor and the relational database of compressional wave signal attenuation degree
B1, use compressional wave flat probe are to W1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group and carry out dough softening test respectively, calculate W1-Ww
Organize the compressional wave signal attenuation degree meansigma methods of all precipitated phase test specimens in each group, be designated as m respectively1, m2, m3……mw-1, mw；
B2, according to W2-WwOrganize the dough softening meansigma methods (m of the compressional wave signal of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, m3……mw-1, mw), with
W2-WwOrganize the precipitation phasor meansigma methods (P of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize method of least square to set up and separate out phasor
The relational database of P and compressional wave signal attenuation degree M, P=g (M)；By W1The compressional wave signal attenuation degree organizing all precipitated phase test specimens is average
Value m1Bring P=g (M) into, calculate W1Precipitation phasor calculation value P of group precipitated phase test specimens1’；By W1The precipitation of group precipitated phase test specimens
Phasor calculation value P1' W that obtains with B131Organize the precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens1Contrast, if error is at γ1%
Within, meeting the requirements, precipitation phasor P set up is effective with the relational database P=g (M) of compressional wave signal attenuation degree M；If by mistake
Difference is more than γ1%, again prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3, and sets up precipitation phasor P and compressional wave signal attenuation degree according to B1-B2
The relational database of M, until meeting error requirements；
C, foundation separate out phasor and critical refraction longitudinal wave relational database in propagation time in zero stress sample
C1, respectively to W1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group and carry out critical refraction longitudinal wave speed acquisition, obtain critical refraction longitudinal wave
At W1-WwOrganize the mean propagation velocity of each group of precipitated phase test specimens, be designated as v10, v20,v30……v(w-1)0, vw0, and receive according to ultrasound wave
Send out distance L between transducer, calculate critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1-WwOrganize the average transmission time of each group of precipitated phase test specimens, be critical
Refracted longitudinal wave average transmission time in difference separates out the zero stress precipitated phase test specimens of phasor, is designated as t10, t20, t30……t(w-1)0, tw0；
C2, according to critical refraction longitudinal wave at W2-WwOrganize the average transmission time (t of each group of precipitated phase test specimens20, t30……t(w-1)0, tw0),
With W2-WwOrganize the precipitation phasor meansigma methods (P of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize method of least square to set up precipitated phase
Amount P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database, t0=χ (P)；By W1Organize all precipitated phase test specimens
Precipitation phasor average value P1Bring t into0=χ (P), calculates critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1The propagation time value of calculation t of group precipitated phase test specimens10’；
By critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1The propagation time value of calculation t of group precipitated phase test specimens10' with critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1The reality of group precipitated phase test specimens
Average transmission time t10Contrast, if error is at γ2Within %, meeting the requirements, precipitation phasor P set up should zero with critical refraction longitudinal wave
Propagation time t in power sample0Relational database t0=χ (P) is effective；If error is more than γ2%, prepares precipitated phase test specimens according to A1-A3 again
Product, and set up precipitation phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample according to C1-C20Relational database, until meet error
Requirement；
D, foundation precipitation phasor and the relational database of sonoelastic coefficient
D1, respectively to W1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group and carry out sonoelastic coefficient stretching demarcation, obtain W1-WwOrganize each group of precipitated phase
The average sonoelastic coefficient of test specimens, is designated as k1, k2, k3……kw-1, kw；
D2, according to W2-WwOrganize the average sonoelastic coefficient (k of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, k3……kw-1, kw), with W2-WwOrganize each group of analysis
Go out the precipitation phasor meansigma methods (P of phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize method of least square to set up and separate out phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k's
Relational database, k=β (P), by W1Organize the precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens1Bring k=β (P) into, calculate W1Group precipitated phase
The sonoelastic coefficient value of calculation k of test specimens1', by W1The sonoelastic coefficient value of calculation k of group precipitated phase test specimens1' and W1The reality of group precipitated phase test specimens
Border average sonoelastic coefficient k1Contrast, if error is at γ3Within %, meeting the requirements, precipitation phasor P set up is with sonoelastic coefficient k's
Relational database k=β (P) is effective；If error is more than γ3%, again prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3, and builds according to D1-D2
The vertical relational database separating out phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k, until meeting error requirements；
E, test the welding residual stress of weldment welding point to be measured
E1, arranging the ultrasound wave residual stress test region of weldment to be measured, described test zone includes welded seam area, heat-affected zone and mother metal region；
E2, use compressional wave flat probe carry out dough softening test to the test zone of weldment to be measured, calculate the compressional wave signal attenuation degree of test zone, note
For Mc；
E3, precipitation phasor P calling B step foundation and the relation of compressional wave signal attenuation degree M, P=g (M), calculate the precipitated phase of test zone
Amount value of calculation Pc, Pc=g (Mc)；
E4, precipitation phasor P calling C step foundation and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relation, t0=χ (P), calculates
The critical refraction longitudinal wave of test zone is propagation time t in zero stress stretching samplec0, tc0=χ (Pc)；
E5, precipitation phasor P calling D step foundation and the relation of sonoelastic coefficient k, k=β (P), calculate the sonoelastic coefficient k of test zonec,
kc=β (Pc)；
E6, gather the critical refraction longitudinal wave speed v of the test zone of weldment to be measuredc, and according to distance L between ultrasonic transmission/reception transducer, faced
Boundary's refracted longitudinal wave is at the propagation time t of test zonec=L/vc；
E7, critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress stretching sample of the test zone obtained according to E4 stepc0, E5 walk the test zone that obtains
Sonoelastic coefficient kcWith the E6 critical refraction longitudinal wave that obtains of step at the propagation time t of test zonec, the welding calculating weldment test zone to be measured is residual
Residue stress
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Separating out the microscopic characteristics that phasor is a kind of important material, sonoelastic coefficient and critical refraction longitudinal wave to material should at the zero of described material
In power sample, propagation time impact is the biggest.The present invention separates out the relational database P=g (M) of phasor and compressional wave signal attenuation degree, analysis by setting up
Go out phasor and critical refraction longitudinal wave relational database t in propagation time in zero stress sample0=χ (P) and separate out the pass of phasor and sonoelastic coefficient
It is data base k=β (P), thus eliminates precipitation phasor to sonoelastic coefficient k and critical refraction longitudinal wave Initial travel times t0Impact, significantly carries
The measuring accuracy of praetersonic Welded Joints residual stress.
Further, in step A1 of the present invention, the rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut the group number w of stretching sample w group not less than 4.
Tensile sample group number is less than 4, and data volume is less, is easily subject to the impact of incidental error, and sample group number n is the highest in stretching, is more easily reduced
Incidental error affects.
Further, in step A1 of the present invention, the rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut stretching sample w group, and what often group stretching sample included draws
Stretch sample radical rbNot less than 3.
Often the experimental result of group stretching sample is eventually calculated as meansigma methods, and the data volume less than 3 is easily subject to incidental error impact equally, greatly
Stretching sample in 3 can remove the sample that discreteness is bigger, ensures that remaining data amount is the most sufficient simultaneously.
Further, to N in step A2 of the present invention2-NnGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample is in temperature Tb℃
Insulation hbHolding temperature T in hourbDEG C by test stretching sample precipitation phasor change temperature, as aluminium alloy separate out phasor change temperature be
120-250℃。
It is incubated optionally greater than precipitated phase amount transformation temperature, it is ensured that precipitated phase Rapid Variable Design, improves conventional efficient.
Further, to N in step A2 of the present invention2-NnGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample is in temperature Tb℃
Insulation hbTemperature retention time h in hourbHour insulation hourage hbFor ensure that N2Group stretching sample with do not carry out heat treatment stretching sample it
Between there is time of precipitation phasor difference of 5-15%, if aluminium alloy is about 2h.
Through experiment, 5-15% separates out phasor difference can reduce later data storehouse error.
Further, the hourage Δ h of two adjacent groups stretching sample temperature retention time difference in step A2 of the present inventionbIf it is adjacent for ensure that
The time of the precipitation phasor difference with 10-30% is there is, if aluminium alloy is about 2h between two groups of stretching samples.
Precipitation phasor gap between adjacent stretching sample is the least, and the result of the test of experiment likely can be covered by accidentalia, and 10-30% is relatively
The high phasor difference that separates out be enough to avoid accidentalia to affect experimental result.
Further, step B2 of the present invention being verified, precipitation phasor P with the relational database P=g (M) of compressional wave signal attenuation degree M is
The error amount γ of no effective setting1% is 5-10%.
P=g (M) relational database will be used for the later stage correction to ultrasound wave stress test, if relational database exists bigger error, meeting
Reduce the reliability of correction effect, the relatively small reliability that will not reduce correction result of error of 5-10%.
Further, in step C2 of the present invention, checking separates out phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relation
Data base t0The error amount γ that=χ (P) is the most effectively arranged2% is 5-10%.
t0=χ (P) relational database will be used for the later stage correction to ultrasound wave stress test, if relational database exists bigger error, can drop
The reliability of low correction effect, the relatively small reliability that will not reduce correction result of error of 5-10%.
Further, step D2 of the present invention being verified, precipitation phasor P is the most effectively arranged with relational database k=β (P) of sonoelastic coefficient k
Error amount γ3% is 5-15%.
K=β (P) relational database will be used for the later stage correction to ultrasound wave stress test, if relational database exists bigger error, can reduce and repair
The reliability of plus effect, the relatively small reliability that will not reduce correction result of error of 5-15%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the distribution schematic diagram of test zone in the embodiment of the present invention one checking test
Fig. 2 is the test result comparison diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one checking test.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that institute
The embodiment described is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the common skill in this area
The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained under not making creative work premise, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one
A kind of detailed description of the invention of the present invention is: a kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revising precipitation phasor differentia influence, its step is such as
Under:
A, preparation precipitated phase test specimens
The rolling of A1, parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut stretching sample w group, are designated as W1Group, W2Group ... Ww-1Group, WwGroup, often group stretching sample bag
Include same stretch sample rbRoot；
A2, to W1Group stretching sample is left intact, to W2-WwGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, stretching sample heat in same group
Treatment conditions are identical, and concrete heat treatment condition is: W2Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C temperature retention time hbHour, W3Group stretching sample is in temperature Tb℃
Temperature retention time hb+ΔhbHour ... Ww-1Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C temperature retention time hb+Δhb(w-1-2) hour, WwGroup stretching sample is in temperature
Degree TbDEG C temperature retention time hb+Δhb(w-2) hour, W is i.e. obtained1-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens, wherein Δ hbFor two adjacent groups stretching sample insulation
The hourage of time phase difference；Wherein W2-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens is through Overheating Treatment, it is believed that be zero stress state；
A3, to W1-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens carries out metallographic process, is calculated through metallographic process by microscope or EBSD
W1-WwOrganize the precipitation phasor of all precipitated phase test specimens in each group, and take W respectively1-WwOrganize the precipitation phasor of all precipitated phase test specimens in each group
Meansigma methods, is designated as P respectively1, P2, P3……Pw-1, Pw；
B, foundation precipitation phasor and the relational database of compressional wave signal attenuation degree
B1, use compressional wave flat probe are to W1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group and carry out dough softening test respectively, calculate W1-WwGroup is each
In group, the compressional wave signal attenuation degree meansigma methods of all precipitated phase test specimens, is designated as m respectively1, m2, m3……mw-1, mw；
B2, according to W2-WwOrganize the dough softening meansigma methods (m of the compressional wave signal of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, m3……mw-1, mw), with W2-Ww
Organize the precipitation phasor meansigma methods (P of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize method of least square to set up and separate out phasor P and compressional wave letter
The relational database of number dough softening M, P=g (M)；By W1Organize compressional wave signal attenuation degree meansigma methods m of all precipitated phase test specimens1Bring into
P=g (M), calculates W1Precipitation phasor calculation value P of group precipitated phase test specimens1’；By W1The precipitation phasor calculation value of group precipitated phase test specimens
P1' W that obtains with B131Organize the precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens1Contrast, if error is at γ1Within %, meet
Requirement, precipitation phasor P set up is effective with the relational database P=g (M) of compressional wave signal attenuation degree M；If error is more than γ1%,
Again prepare precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3, and set up the pass coefficient separating out phasor P with compressional wave signal attenuation degree M according to B1-B2
According to storehouse, until meeting error requirements；
C, foundation separate out phasor and critical refraction longitudinal wave relational database in propagation time in zero stress sample
C1, respectively to W1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group and carry out critical refraction longitudinal wave speed acquisition, obtain critical refraction longitudinal wave
At W1-WwOrganize the mean propagation velocity of each group of precipitated phase test specimens, be designated as v10, v20,v30……v(w-1)0, vw0, and receive according to ultrasound wave
Send out distance L between transducer, calculate critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1-WwOrganize the average transmission time of each group of precipitated phase test specimens, be critical
Refracted longitudinal wave average transmission time in difference separates out the zero stress precipitated phase test specimens of phasor, is designated as t10, t20, t30……t(w-1)0, tw0；
C2, according to critical refraction longitudinal wave at W2-WwOrganize the average transmission time (t of each group of precipitated phase test specimens20, t30……t(w-1)0, tw0),
With W2-WwOrganize the precipitation phasor meansigma methods (P of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize method of least square to set up precipitated phase
Amount P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database, t0=χ (P)；By W1Organize all precipitated phase test specimens
Precipitation phasor average value P1Bring t into0=χ (P), calculates critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1The propagation time value of calculation t of group precipitated phase test specimens10’；
By critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1The propagation time value of calculation t of group precipitated phase test specimens10' with critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1Group precipitated phase test specimens
Actual average propagation time t10Contrast, if error is at γ2Within %, meeting the requirements, precipitation phasor P set up is indulged with critical refraction
Ripple is propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database t0=χ (P) is effective；If error is more than γ2%, prepares according to A1-A3 again
Precipitated phase test sample, and set up precipitation phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample according to C1-C20Relation data
Storehouse, until meeting error requirements；
D, foundation precipitation phasor and the relational database of sonoelastic coefficient
D1, respectively to W1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group and carry out sonoelastic coefficient stretching demarcation, obtain W1-WwOrganize each group of analysis
Go out the average sonoelastic coefficient of phase test specimens, be designated as k1, k2, k3……kw-1, kw；
D2, according to W2-WwOrganize the average sonoelastic coefficient (k of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, k3……kw-1, kw), with W2-WwGroup is each
The precipitation phasor meansigma methods (P of group precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize method of least square to set up and separate out phasor P and acoustic elasticity
The relational database of coefficient k, k=β (P), by W1Organize the precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens1Bring k=β (P) into, calculate
Go out W1The sonoelastic coefficient value of calculation k of group precipitated phase test specimens1', by W1The sonoelastic coefficient value of calculation k of group precipitated phase test specimens1' and W1
The actual average sonoelastic coefficient k of group precipitated phase test specimens1Contrast, if error is at γ3Within %, meet the requirements, the precipitation set up
Phasor P is effective with relational database k=β (P) of sonoelastic coefficient k；If error is more than γ3%, prepares to separate out according to A1-A3 again
Phase test sample, and set up the relational database separating out phasor P with sonoelastic coefficient k according to D1-D2, until meeting error requirements；
E, test the welding residual stress of weldment welding point to be measured
E1, arranging the ultrasound wave residual stress test region of weldment to be measured, described test zone includes welded seam area, heat-affected zone and mother metal region.
E2, use compressional wave flat probe carry out dough softening test to the test zone of weldment to be measured, calculate the compressional wave signal attenuation degree of test zone, note
For Mc；
E3, precipitation phasor P calling B step foundation and the relation of compressional wave signal attenuation degree M, P=g (M), calculate the precipitated phase of test zone
Amount value of calculation Pc, Pc=g (Mc)；
E4, precipitation phasor P calling C step foundation and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relation, t0=χ (P), calculates
The critical refraction longitudinal wave of test zone is propagation time t in zero stress stretching samplec0, tc0=χ (Pc)；
E5, precipitation phasor P calling D step foundation and the relation of sonoelastic coefficient k, k=β (P), calculate the sonoelastic coefficient k of test zonec,
kc=β (Pc)；
E6, gather the critical refraction longitudinal wave speed v of the test zone of weldment to be measuredc, and according to distance L between ultrasonic transmission/reception transducer, faced
Boundary's refracted longitudinal wave is at the propagation time t of test zonec=L/vc；
E7, critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress stretching sample of the test zone obtained according to E4 stepc0, E5 walk the test zone that obtains
Sonoelastic coefficient kcWith the E6 critical refraction longitudinal wave that obtains of step at the propagation time t of test zonec, the welding calculating weldment test zone to be measured is residual
Residue stress
Described in this example, in step A1, the rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut the group number w of stretching sample w group is 6.In described step A1 parallel
Material rolling or the direction of extrusion cut stretching sample w group, the stretching sample radical r that often group stretching sample includesbIt is 5.To N in described step A22-NnGroup
Stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C insulation hbHolding temperature T in hourbDEG C by test stretching sample analysis
Go out phasor and change temperature.To N in described step A22-NnGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C insulation hb
Temperature retention time h in hourbHour insulation hourage hbFor ensure that N210% is had between group stretching sample and the stretching sample not carrying out heat treatment
Time of precipitation phasor difference.The hourage Δ h of two adjacent groups stretching sample temperature retention time difference in described step A2bIf it is adjacent for ensure that
The time of the precipitation phasor difference with 20% is there is between two groups of stretching samples.In described step B2, checking separates out phasor P and compressional wave signal attenuation degree M
The error amount γ that the most effectively arranges of relational database P=g (M)1% is 8%.In described step C2, checking separates out phasor P and critical refraction is indulged
Ripple is propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database t0The error amount γ that=χ (P) is the most effectively arranged2% is 7%.Described step D2 is tested
Card separates out the error amount γ that relational database k=β (P) of phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k is the most effectively arranged3% is 10%.
The using effect of the present invention can be verified by tests below and illustrate:
Set up according to the present embodiment and separate out the relational database of phasor and compressional wave signal attenuation degree, separate out phasor and critical refraction longitudinal wave in zero stress sample
The relational database in propagation time, precipitation phasor and the relational database of sonoelastic coefficient.To N in described step A22-NnGroup stretching sample is carried out
Different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample is incubated 2 hours temperature 200 DEG C.Two adjacent groups stretching sample temperature retention time difference in described step A2
Hourage Δ hbFor 2h.
Choose the identical two block welding test plate (panel)s (all of welding parameter is the most identical) of aluminium alloy A7N01S-T5, a size of 700*250mm, according to
Fig. 1 arranges test zone on two block welding test plate (panel)s, and described test zone includes welded seam area A, heat-affected zone B and mother metal region C.In figure,
Stain s1 is ultrasound wave residual stress test regional center, and circle s2 represents Blind Hole Method residual stress test regional center, and the right side of figure is office
Portion's amplifier section.To one of test piece for welding, first residual with each ultrasound wave on traditional ultrasound wave residual stress test method test test piece for welding
The residual stress (L1) of residue stress test zone center s1, then test in each ultrasound wave residual stress test region by the method for the present embodiment
The residual stress (L2) of heart s1.To another block welding test plate (panel), by the remnants of Blind Hole Method test Blind Hole Method residual stress test regional center s2
Stress.Test result is as in figure 2 it is shown, the test in welded seam area, heat-affected zone that traditional ultrasound wave residual stress test method obtains is tied
Fruit has the biggest difference with Blind Hole Method, and less at the mother metal domain test result difference away from weld seam, this is due to traditional ultrasound wave
Residual stress test method, when calculating residual stress, uses the propagation time in the sonoelastic coefficient of mother metal and ultrasound wave zero stress sample, and weld metal zone
There is the biggest diversity in the precipitation phasor between territory and heat-affected zone and mother metal region.And use the method for testing of the present embodiment, obtain
The residual stress test result in welded seam area, heat-affected zone and mother metal region, all less with the diversity of Blind Hole Method, this is due to this
Inventive method is when calculating residual stress, and in the sonoelastic coefficient of employing and ultrasound wave zero stress sample, the propagation time is according to separating out depending on phasor,
Effectively have modified the precipitation phasor in welded seam area, heat-affected zone and mother metal region to sonoelastic coefficient, when ultrasound wave is propagated in zero stress sample
Significant errors produced by between, is remarkably improved the measuring accuracy of ultrasound wave Welded Joints residual stress.
Embodiment two
The ultrasound wave residual stress test method of the present embodiment is essentially identical with embodiment one, and only in step, the selection of parameter is different, this reality
Execute the selection of each step parameter in example as follows:
Described in this example, in step A1, the rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut the group number w of stretching sample w group is 5.In described step A1
The rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut stretching sample w group, the stretching sample radical r that often group stretching sample includesbIt is 4.In described step A2 right
N2-NnGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C insulation hbHolding temperature T in hourbDEG C by being surveyed
The precipitation phasor of examination stretching sample changes temperature.To N in described step A22-NnGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample
In temperature TbDEG C insulation hbTemperature retention time h in hourbHour insulation hourage hbFor ensure that N2Group stretches sample and does not carries out at heat
The time of the precipitation phasor difference of 5% is there is between the stretching sample of reason.In described step A2 two adjacent groups stretching sample temperature retention time difference hour
Number Δ hbAs long as ensure that the time that there is the precipitation phasor difference with 10% between two adjacent groups stretching sample.Described step B2 is verified
Separate out the error amount γ that the relational database P=g (M) of phasor P and compressional wave signal attenuation degree M is the most effectively arranged1% is 5%.Described step
In rapid C2, checking separates out phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database t0=χ (P) the most effectively sets
The error amount γ put2% is 5%.In described step D2, whether relational database k=β (P) of checking precipitation phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k
The error amount γ effectively arranged3% is 5%.
Embodiment three
The ultrasound wave residual stress test method of the present embodiment is essentially identical with embodiment one, and only in step, the selection of parameter is different, this reality
Execute the selection of each step parameter in example as follows:
Described in this example, in step A1, the rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut the group number w of stretching sample w group is 4.In described step A1
The rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut stretching sample w group, the stretching sample radical r that often group stretching sample includesbIt is 3.In described step A2 right
N2-NnGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C insulation hbHolding temperature T in hourbDEG C drawn by testing
The precipitation phasor stretching sample changes temperature.To N in described step A22-NnGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample is in temperature Tb℃
Insulation hbTemperature retention time h in hourbHour insulation hourage hbFor ensure that N2Deposit between group stretching sample and the stretching sample not carrying out heat treatment
Time in the precipitation phasor difference of 15%.The hourage Δ h of two adjacent groups stretching sample temperature retention time difference in described step A2bAs long as protecting
The time of the precipitation phasor difference with 30% is there is between card two adjacent groups stretching sample.In described step B2, checking precipitation phasor P declines with compressional wave signal
The error amount γ that the relational database P=g (M) of degree of subtracting M is the most effectively arranged1% is 10%.In described step C2, checking separates out phasor P and faces
Boundary's refracted longitudinal wave is propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database t0The error amount γ that=χ (P) is the most effectively arranged2% is 10%.Described step
In rapid D2, checking separates out the error amount γ that relational database k=β (P) of phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k is the most effectively arranged3% is 15%.
Claims (9)
1. can revise the ultrasound wave residual stress test method separating out phasor differentia influence, its step is as follows:
A, preparation precipitated phase test specimens
The rolling of A1, parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut stretching sample w group, are designated as W1Group, W2Group ... Ww-1Group, WwGroup, often organizes stretching
Sample includes same stretch sample rbRoot；
A2, to W1Group stretching sample is left intact, to W2-WwGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, stretching in same group
Sample heat treatment condition is identical, and concrete heat treatment condition is: W2Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C temperature retention time hbHour, W3Group stretching sample exists
Temperature TbDEG C temperature retention time hb+ΔhbHour ... Ww-1Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C temperature retention time hb+Δhb(w-1-2) hour, Ww
Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C temperature retention time hb+Δhb(w-2) hour, W is i.e. obtained1-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens, wherein Δ hbFor phase
The hourage of adjacent two groups of stretching sample temperature retention time differences；Wherein W2-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens is through Overheating Treatment, it is believed that be zero stress shape
State；
A3, to W1-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens carries out metallographic process, is calculated at metallographic by microscope or EBSD
The W of reason1-WwOrganize the precipitation phasor of all precipitated phase test specimens in each group, and take W respectively1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group
Separate out phasor meansigma methods, be designated as P respectively1, P2, P3……Pw-1, Pw；
B, foundation precipitation phasor and the relational database of compressional wave signal attenuation degree
B1, use compressional wave flat probe are to W1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group and carry out dough softening test respectively, calculate W1-Ww
Organize the compressional wave signal attenuation degree meansigma methods of all precipitated phase test specimens in each group, be designated as m respectively1, m2, m3……mw-1, mw；
B2, according to W2-WwOrganize the dough softening meansigma methods (m of the compressional wave signal of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, m3……mw-1, mw), with
W2-WwOrganize the precipitation phasor meansigma methods (P of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize method of least square to set up and separate out phasor
The relational database of P and compressional wave signal attenuation degree M, P=g (M)；By W1The compressional wave signal attenuation degree organizing all precipitated phase test specimens is average
Value m1Bring P=g (M) into, calculate W1Precipitation phasor calculation value P of group precipitated phase test specimens1’；By W1The precipitation of group precipitated phase test specimens
Phasor calculation value P1' W that obtains with B131Organize the precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens1Contrast, if error is at γ1%
Within, meeting the requirements, precipitation phasor P set up is effective with the relational database P=g (M) of compressional wave signal attenuation degree M；If by mistake
Difference is more than γ1%, again prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3, and sets up precipitation phasor P and compressional wave signal attenuation degree according to B1-B2
The relational database of M, until meeting error requirements；
C, foundation separate out phasor and critical refraction longitudinal wave relational database in propagation time in zero stress sample
C1, respectively to W1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group and carry out critical refraction longitudinal wave speed acquisition, obtain critical refraction longitudinal wave
At W1-WwOrganize the mean propagation velocity of each group of precipitated phase test specimens, be designated as v10, v20,v30……v(w-1)0, vw0, and receive according to ultrasound wave
Send out distance L between transducer, calculate critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1-WwOrganize the average transmission time of each group of precipitated phase test specimens, be critical
Refracted longitudinal wave average transmission time in difference separates out the zero stress precipitated phase test specimens of phasor, is designated as t10, t20, t30……t(w-1)0, tw0；
C2, according to critical refraction longitudinal wave at W2-WwOrganize the average transmission time (t of each group of precipitated phase test specimens20, t30……t(w-1)0, tw0),
With W2-WwOrganize the precipitation phasor meansigma methods (P of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize method of least square to set up precipitated phase
Amount P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database, t0=χ (P)；By W1Organize the analysis of all precipitated phase test specimens
Go out phasor average value P1Bring t into0=χ (P), calculates critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1The propagation time value of calculation t of group precipitated phase test specimens10’；By critical
Refracted longitudinal wave is at W1The propagation time value of calculation t of group precipitated phase test specimens10' with critical refraction longitudinal wave at W1The actual average of group precipitated phase test specimens passes
T between sowing time10Contrast, if error is at γ2Within %, meeting the requirements, precipitation phasor P set up and critical refraction longitudinal wave are in zero stress sample
Propagation time t0Relational database t0=χ (P) is effective；If error is more than γ2%, prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3 again, and
Set up according to C1-C2 and separate out phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database, until meet error requirements；
D, foundation precipitation phasor and the relational database of sonoelastic coefficient
D1, respectively to W1-WwOrganize all precipitated phase test specimens in each group and carry out sonoelastic coefficient stretching demarcation, obtain W1-WwOrganize each group of precipitated phase
The average sonoelastic coefficient of test specimens, is designated as k1, k2, k3……kw-1, kw；
D2, according to W2-WwOrganize the average sonoelastic coefficient (k of each group of precipitated phase test specimens2, k3……kw-1, kw), with W2-WwOrganize each group of analysis
Go out the precipitation phasor meansigma methods (P of phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize method of least square to set up and separate out phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k's
Relational database, k=β (P), by W1Organize the precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens1Bring k=β (P) into, calculate W1Group precipitated phase
The sonoelastic coefficient value of calculation k of test specimens1', by W1The sonoelastic coefficient value of calculation k of group precipitated phase test specimens1' and W1The reality of group precipitated phase test specimens
Border average sonoelastic coefficient k1Contrast, if error is at γ3Within %, meeting the requirements, precipitation phasor P set up is with sonoelastic coefficient k's
Relational database k=β (P) is effective；If error is more than γ3%, again prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3, and builds according to D1-D2
The vertical relational database separating out phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k, until meeting error requirements；
E, test the welding residual stress of weldment welding point to be measured
E1, arranging the ultrasound wave residual stress test region of weldment to be measured, described test zone includes welded seam area, heat-affected zone and mother metal region；
E2, use compressional wave flat probe carry out dough softening test to the test zone of weldment to be measured, calculate the compressional wave signal attenuation degree of test zone, note
For Mc；
E3, precipitation phasor P calling B step foundation and the relation of compressional wave signal attenuation degree M, P=g (M), calculate the precipitated phase of test zone
Amount value of calculation Pc, Pc=g (Mc)；
E4, precipitation phasor P calling C step foundation and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relation, t0=χ (P), calculates
The critical refraction longitudinal wave of test zone is propagation time t in zero stress stretching samplec0, tc0=χ (Pc)；
E5, precipitation phasor P calling D step foundation and the relation of sonoelastic coefficient k, k=β (P), calculate the sonoelastic coefficient k of test zonec,
kc=β (Pc)；
E6, gather the critical refraction longitudinal wave speed v of the test zone of weldment to be measuredc, and according to distance L between ultrasonic transmission/reception transducer, faced
Boundary's refracted longitudinal wave is at the propagation time t of test zonec=L/vc；
E7, critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress stretching sample of the test zone obtained according to E4 stepc0, E5 walk the test zone that obtains
Sonoelastic coefficient kcWith the E6 critical refraction longitudinal wave that obtains of step at the propagation time t of test zonec, the welding calculating weldment test zone to be measured is residual
Residue stress
A kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revising precipitation phasor differentia influence the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: in described step A1, the rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut the group number w of stretching sample w group not less than 4.
A kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revising precipitation phasor differentia influence the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: in described step A1, the rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut stretching sample w group, the stretching sample radical r that often group stretching sample includesbThe least
In 3.
A kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revising precipitation phasor differentia influence the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: to N in described step A22-NnGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C insulation hbIn hour
Holding temperature TbDEG C by test stretching sample precipitation phasor change temperature.
A kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revising precipitation phasor differentia influence the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: to N in described step A22-NnGroup stretching sample carries out different condition heat treatment, N2Group stretching sample is in temperature TbDEG C insulation hbIn hour
Temperature retention time hbHour insulation hourage hbFor ensure that N2Have 5-15%'s between group stretching sample and the stretching sample not carrying out heat treatment
Separate out the time of phasor difference.
A kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revising precipitation phasor differentia influence the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: the hourage Δ h of two adjacent groups stretching sample temperature retention time difference in described step A2bAs long as depositing between two adjacent groups stretching sample for ensure that
Time in the precipitation phasor difference with 10-30%.
A kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revising precipitation phasor differentia influence the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: in described step B2, checking separates out the mistake that the relational database P=g (M) of phasor P and compressional wave signal attenuation degree M is the most effectively arranged
Difference γ1% is 5-10%.
A kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revising precipitation phasor differentia influence the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: in described step C2, checking separates out phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database t0=χ (P)
The error amount γ the most effectively arranged2% is 5-10%.
A kind of ultrasound wave residual stress test method revising precipitation phasor differentia influence the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: in described step D2, checking separates out the error amount γ 3% that relational database k=β (P) of phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k is the most effectively arranged
For 5-15%.
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