CN106017763B - A kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method for correcting microstructure differentia influence - Google Patents

A kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method for correcting microstructure differentia influence Download PDF

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CN106017763B
CN106017763B CN201610343184.0A CN201610343184A CN106017763B CN 106017763 B CN106017763 B CN 106017763B CN 201610343184 A CN201610343184 A CN 201610343184A CN 106017763 B CN106017763 B CN 106017763B
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microstructure
stress
ultrasonic wave
parallel
ultrasonic
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CN106017763A (en
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陈辉
徐力栋
苟国庆
朱其猛
刘艳
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses

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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention proposes the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring methods that one kind can correct microstructure differentia influence, steps are as follows: first to welding position by microstructure difference carry out subregion, determine each microstructure region be parallel to weld seam and perpendicular to bead direction stress coefficient and zero sound when deviation.Then, according to ratio shared by microstructure region each in the ultrasonic listening range of any measured zone in welding position, deviation when having modified the measured zone both direction upper stress coefficient and zero sound of microstructure differentia influence described in acquiring, deviation when equations in through the invention obtain the stress coefficient and zero sound of each microstructure, and then the distribution curve of deviation when entire welding point region microstructure transition region stress coefficient and zero sound is obtained, the two measured zone residual-stress value error in conjunction with caused by amendment microstructure difference.This method improves ultrasonic wave residual stress measurement precision in which can dramatically.

Description

A kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method for correcting microstructure differentia influence
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring methods that one kind can correct microstructure differentia influence, belong to remnants Stress measurement field.
Background technique
With the rapid development of Chinese high-speed train track traffic, weld as a key technology in rail traffic, For welding quality in the quality for also determining bullet train vehicle to a certain degree, welding residual stress level is to evaluate the weight of welding quality Standard is wanted, because the destruction that welding residual stress generates is the main reason for welding point destroys, to welding residual stress The quick, efficient of level, non-destructive monitoring, evaluation industrial significance are huge.
At present measurement welding point residual stress method be broadly divided into damage with lossless two methods, wherein there is damage method Mainly include Blind Hole Method, slitting method, has damage method accuracy of measurement high but irreversible destruction produced to test member, and this The product being much commercialized is not allowed.Loseless method mainly include supercritical ultrasonics technology, x-ray method, neutron diffraction method and Magnetic measurement method.Wherein neutron diffraction method due to its equipment valuableness, it is subject to conditions, used in actual industrial, Magnetic measurement method cannot use aluminium alloy just for ferrimagnet, and the remnants of welded joints in aluminium alloy are answered at present Power measurement mainly uses supercritical ultrasonics technology and x-ray method, but X-ray can only test tens micron thickness to the test of residual stress Degree, the surface quality requirements for treating test sample are higher, and the quality state by surface is affected；Neutron diffraction method residual stress is surveyed Examination equipment is great, expensive, is difficult to realize the residual stress test of production scene.Supercritical ultrasonics technology to measurement surface of test piece require it is low, Measuring speed is fast, green non-pollution, and development is very fast in recent years.
Supercritical ultrasonics technology measurement residual stress belongs to indirect measurement, and ultrasonic wave is to the spread speed in test sample and to test sample In residual stress there is acoustic elasticity relationships, i.e., the critical refraction wave (LCR wave) in ultrasonic wave in test sample propagation speed It spends and linear relationship is presented substantially to the residual stress in test sample.According to Sound elasticity principle, if ultrasonic transmission/reception probe distance is solid Fixed (ultrasonic transmission/reception probe distance is that ultrasonic wave propagates effective distance), is obtained by acoustic elasticity formula △ σ=K △ t to test sample Residual-stress value, wherein K is stress coefficient, and △ σ is the difference to the stress value in the stress value and zero stress sample in test sample, That is the residual-stress value that measures of ultrasonic wave residual stress measurement system；△ t is critical refraction wave to the propagation time in test sample And the difference in propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in zero stress sample (zero stress sample is taken from base material), also referred to as the ultrasonic acoustic time difference.It answers The self property and transmitting-receiving probe distance of force coefficient K and material determine, are demarcated by simple tension, ultrasound is inputted after calibration In wave measuring system.When carrying out residual stress test, ultrasonic measurement system is by record critical refraction wave to the super of test sample The propagation time of acoustic detection range (width of ultrasonic probe and ultrasonic wave propagate the rectangular area that effective distance surrounds) with The difference △ t in propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in zero stress sample, according to the stress coefficient K pre-entered in ultrasonic measurement system, Automatically the difference △ σ to the stress value in the stress value and zero stress sample in test sample is calculated, i.e., to the residual-stress value of test sample. In actual measurement, due to the welding heat affected difference that welding point difference welding region ultrasonic listening range is subject to, cause The microstructures such as crystallite dimension, precipitation strength phase, the texture structure of different zones change, and sonic elastic modulus can also become Change.The variation of microstructure and sonic elastic modulus directly affects the stress coefficient K used in actual measurement, while can also generate Deviation when zero sound between true measurement point and zero stress reference point, systematic error brought by above-mentioned the two can seriously affect pair Real component carries out precision when ultrasonic wave residual stress measurement, limits application of the supercritical ultrasonics technology in residual stress test.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind can correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method of microstructure differentia influence, This method can correct the stress system in the acoustic elasticity formula due to caused by the microstructure difference of welding position difference welding region The variation of deviation when several and zero sound, to significantly improve ultrasonic wave residual stress measurement precision.
The technological means that the present invention realizes that its goal of the invention is taken is: one kind can correct the super of microstructure differentia influence Sound wave residual stress measuring method, comprising the following steps:
A, microstructure detection is carried out to welding position, welding position is divided into I microstructure by microstructure difference Region Ri, wherein i is microstructure region RiNumber, i=1,2,3 ... I；
B, each microstructure region R on welding position is determinediThe stress coefficient K ' for being parallel to bead directionPiWith it is vertical In the stress coefficient K ' of bead directionVi；Determine each microstructure region R on welding positioniBe parallel to bead direction zero Deviation Δ T ' when soundPiWith deviation Δ T ' when zero sound perpendicular to bead directionVi；
C, the stress coefficient for being parallel to bead direction for having modified the measured zone n of microstructure differentia influence is calculated KPn, perpendicular to the stress coefficient K of bead directionVn；Deviation Δ T when being parallel to zero sound of bead directionPnWith perpendicular to weld seam side To zero sound when deviation Δ TVn:
C1, when carrying out the ultrasonic wave residual stress test for being parallel to bead direction to any measured zone n in welding position, According to microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio lambdainWith obtained in step B not With microstructure region RiThe stress coefficient K ' for being parallel to bead directionPi, acquire the institute for having modified microstructure differentia influence State the stress coefficient K for being parallel to bead direction of measured zone nPn；
C2, to any measured zone n in welding position carry out perpendicular to bead direction ultrasonic wave residual stress test when, According to microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio μinWith obtained in step B not With microstructure region RiThe stress coefficient K ' perpendicular to bead directionVi, acquire the institute for having modified microstructure differentia influence State the stress coefficient K perpendicular to bead direction of measured zone nVn；
C3, when carrying out the ultrasonic wave residual stress test for being parallel to bead direction to any measured zone n in welding position, According to microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio lambdainWith it is each obtained in step B A microstructure region RiZero sound for being parallel to bead direction when deviation Δ T 'Pi, acquire and have modified microstructure difference shadow Deviation Δ T when zero sound for being parallel to bead direction of the loud measured zone nPn；
C4, to any measured zone n in welding position carry out perpendicular to bead direction ultrasonic wave residual stress test when, According to microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio μinWith it is each obtained in step B A microstructure region RiPerpendicular to bead direction zero sound when deviation Δ T 'Vi, acquire and have modified microstructure difference shadow The loud measured zone n perpendicular to bead direction zero sound when deviation Δ TVn；
D, weld seam side is parallel to according to the obtained measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence of step C To stress coefficient KPnWith deviation Δ T when zero soundPn, it is based on formula: Δ σPn=KPn(Δt+ΔTPn), calculating has modified microcosmic The welding residual stress value Δ σ for being parallel to bead direction of the measured zone n of error caused by histological differencePn；
According to the obtained measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence of step C perpendicular to bead direction Stress coefficient KVnWith deviation Δ T when zero soundVn, it is based on formula: Δ σVn=KVn(Δt+ΔTVn), calculating has modified microcosmic group Knit the welding residual stress value Δ σ perpendicular to bead direction of the measured zone n of error caused by differenceVn。
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
To welding position carry out ultrasonic wave residual stress test when, due to different welding region ultrasonic listening ranges by The welding heat affected difference arrived causes the microstructures such as the crystallite dimension, precipitation strength phase, texture structure of different zones to become Change, sonic elastic modulus can also change.The variation of microstructure and sonic elastic modulus directly affects to be used in actual measurement Stress coefficient.Equally under zero stress state, due to the microstructure of base material region and different welding regions difference, lead to mother The zero stress state propagation time of material and the zero stress state propagation time of different welding regions are different, and make in actual measurement Propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in zero stress sample is the zero stress state propagation time of base material, rather than the welding section at place The zero stress state propagation time in domain causes error to the calculating of the ultrasonic acoustic time difference, and wherein the zero stress state of base material passes Between sowing time and the difference in the zero stress state propagation time of different welding regions, deviation when referred to as zero sound in the present invention.Due to The presence of deviation when the change of stress coefficient caused by the influence of microstructure and zero sound, brought systematic error can serious shadow Ring the precision of ultrasonic wave residual stress measurement.
The present invention passes through preliminary experiment first and carries out subregion by microstructure difference to welding position, determines each microstructure The deviation when stress coefficient and zero sound for being parallel to bead direction in region, perpendicular to bead direction stress coefficient and zero sound when Deviation.Then, the ratio according to shared by microstructure region each in the ultrasonic listening range of any measured zone in welding position Example, when acquiring the stress coefficient and zero sound for being parallel to bead direction of the measured zone for having modified microstructure differentia influence Deviation, perpendicular to bead direction stress coefficient and zero sound when deviation.Further, by acoustic elasticity formula, with having modified The stress coefficient of microstructure difference, and deviation when zero sound of introducing, calculating have modified error caused by microstructure difference The measured zone be parallel to bead direction and the welding residual stress value perpendicular to bead direction.
In short, the present invention is different for each welding region microstructure in welding position, by mathematical analysis and derive Into measured zone stress coefficient and when zero sound deviation and each microstructure accounting value relationship, can quantitatively eliminate measurement Deviation is significantly reduced there are introduced error when the variation of sonic elastic modulus caused by the microstructure difference of region and zero sound The measurement error of ultrasonic wave stress measurement system, hence it is evident that improve measurement accuracy.
Further, step B of the present invention determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniBe parallel to weld seam side To stress coefficient K 'PiSpecific practice be:
B11, J length is continuously taken to be parallel to weld seam on the welded seam area of welding position and base material region, width is super The parallel testing sample M of sonic probe widthj, wherein j is parallel testing sample MjSpecimen coding, j=1,2,3 ... J；It is described Parallel testing sample MjLength be equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length, ultrasonic wave propagate it is effective The sum of stretching-machine clamping end in distance and step B12, and the parallel testing sample M takenjNumber J is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
B12, in each parallel testing sample MjCenter on along the parallel testing sample MjLength direction is placed super Sonic probe, and determined by microstructure detection in each parallel testing sample MjUltrasonic listening range in it is each microcosmic Tissue regions RiShared ratio, is denoted as aij；The clamping end of stretching-machine is clamped in the parallel testing sample MjLength direction Both ends, by stretching-machine to parallel testing sample MjApply along the parallel testing sample MjThe different gradients of length direction Load；Under each stress state, respectively to parallel testing sample MjIt carries out along the parallel testing sample MjLength direction surpasses Sound wave residual stress test records each parallel testing sample M measured by ultrasonic measurement system under each stress statej's The real load value that residual-stress value and stretching-machine provide；
The default stress coefficient that the ultrasonic measurement system of residual stress test is carried out in B13, step B12 is Ks, with sound Based on elastic formula, pass through parallel survey measured by ultrasonic measurement system under each stress state obtained in step B12 Have a try sample MjResidual-stress value, calculate each parallel testing sample M under each stress statejThe practical ultrasonic acoustic time difference； According to the real load value of the stretching-machine offer of step B12 record and parallel test sample MjCross-sectional area, obtain practical work Used in parallel testing sample MjUpper stress value；
Parallel testing sample M under B14, each stress state obtained according to step B13jThe practical ultrasonic acoustic time difference and Practical function is in parallel testing sample MjThe corresponding relationship of upper stress value is based on acoustic elasticity formula, linear by least square method Fitting, obtains each parallel testing sample MjThe stress coefficient K for being parallel to bead direction of ultrasonic listening rangePj；
B15, it is based on following formula, calculates each microstructure region RiThe stress coefficient K ' for being parallel to bead directionPi:
Further, step B of the present invention determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniPerpendicular to weld seam side To stress coefficient K 'ViSpecific practice be:
B21, using axis of a weld as symmetry axis, take test sample N one vertical perpendicular to weld seam, the vertical test examination The length direction of sample N includes welded seam area, heat-affected zone and base material region, the width of the vertical test sample N be greater than or The sum of effective distance is propagated equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length and ultrasonic wave；In vertical test On sample N according to from axis of a weld it is different with a distance from arrange K measurement point dk, wherein k is measurement point dkNumber, k=1, 2,3 ... K, and the measurement point d arrangedkNumber K is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
B22, along the vertical test sample N length direction ultrasonic probe is successively placed on vertical test sample N, made Ultrasonic probe center is respectively aligned to each measurement point dk, and each survey on vertical test sample N is determined by microstructure detection Measure point dkEach microstructure region R in corresponding ultrasonic listening rangeiShared ratio, is denoted as aik；By the folder of stretching-machine The both ends that end is clamped in the vertical test sample N length direction are held, are applied along the vertical test sample N length direction not With the load of gradient；Under each stress state, respectively to each measurement point dkIt carries out along the length side vertical test sample N To ultrasonic wave residual stress test, record under each stress state, vertical test sample N measured by ultrasonic measurement system Upper each measurement point dkResidual-stress value and stretching-machine provide real load value；
The default stress coefficient that the ultrasonic measurement system of residual stress test is carried out in B23, step B22 is Ks, with sound Based on elastic formula, vertical test measured by ultrasonic measurement system under each stress state obtained by step B22 Each measurement point d on sample NkResidual-stress value, calculate under each stress state each measurement point on vertical test sample N dkThe practical ultrasonic acoustic time difference；The real load value provided according to the stretching-machine of step B22 record and vertical test sample N Cross-sectional area obtains stress value of the practical function on vertical test sample N；
Each measurement point d on vertical test sample N under B24, each stress state obtained according to step B23kReality The ultrasonic acoustic time difference and practical function are based on acoustic elasticity formula, by most in the corresponding relationship of vertical test sample N upper stress value Small square law linear fit obtains each measurement point d on vertical test sample NkCorresponding ultrasonic listening range perpendicular to weldering Stitch the stress coefficient K in directionVk；
B25, it is based on following formula, calculates each microstructure region RiPerpendicular to the stress coefficient K ' of bead directionVi:
Further, step B of the present invention determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniBe parallel to weld seam side To zero sound when deviation Δ T 'PiSpecific practice be:
B31, the base material zero stress state propagation time is determined
Unwelded base material test plate (panel) identical with welded specimen material thickness to be measured is taken, the survey of ultrasonic wave residual stress is carried out It is fixed, ultrasonic wave is recorded in the propagation time of the base material test plate (panel), by ultrasonic wave in the propagation along the base material test plate (panel) rolling direction Time is denoted as the base material zero stress state propagation time t along rolling directionP0；By ultrasonic wave in rolling perpendicular to the base material test plate (panel) The propagation time in direction processed is denoted as the base material zero stress state propagation time t perpendicular to rolling directionV0；Welding is along rolling What direction carried out, so the direction for being parallel to weld seam after the base material test plate (panel) rolling direction as welding herein, perpendicular to The base material test plate (panel) rolling direction is the direction perpendicular to weld seam after welding；
B32, H length is continuously taken to be parallel to weld seam on the welded seam area of welding position and base material region, width is super The parallel testing sample U of sonic probe widthh, wherein h is parallel testing sample UhSpecimen coding, h=1,2,3 ... H；It is described Parallel testing sample UhLength be equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length and ultrasonic wave propagate it is effective Sum of the distance, and the parallel testing sample U takenhNumber H is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
The parallel testing sample U taken hereinhSize is sufficiently small, and the residual stress in sample obtains enough release, substantially Zero stress state can be considered as；
B33, in each parallel testing sample UhCenter on along the parallel testing sample UhLength direction is placed super Sonic probe, and determined by microstructure detection in each parallel testing sample UhUltrasonic listening range in it is each microcosmic Tissue regions RiShared ratio, is denoted as bih；To each parallel testing sample UhIt carries out along the parallel testing sample UhLength The ultrasonic wave residual stress test in direction, and by ultrasonic wave in the parallel testing sample UhUltrasonic listening range propagation Time is denoted as parallel testing sample UhZero stress state propagation time th0；With parallel testing sample UhZero stress state propagate Time th0Subtract the base material zero stress state propagation time t along rolling directionP0To get each parallel testing sample UhZero sound when Deviation Δ TPh, Δ TPh=th0-tP0；
B34, it is based on following formula, calculates each diverse microcosmic tissue regions RiZero sound for being parallel to bead direction when it is inclined Difference DELTA T 'Pi:
Further, step B of the present invention determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniPerpendicular to weld seam side To zero sound when deviation Δ T 'ViSpecific practice be:
B41, the base material zero stress state propagation time is determined
Unwelded base material test plate (panel) identical with welded specimen material thickness to be measured is taken, the survey of ultrasonic wave residual stress is carried out It is fixed, and ultrasonic wave is recorded in the propagation time of the base material test plate (panel), by ultrasonic wave in the biography along the base material test plate (panel) rolling direction The base material zero stress state propagation time t along rolling direction is denoted as between sowing timeP0；By ultrasonic wave perpendicular to the base material test plate (panel) The propagation time of rolling direction is denoted as the base material zero stress state propagation time t perpendicular to rolling directionV0；Welding, which is along, rolls What direction processed carried out, so herein along the direction for being parallel to weld seam that the base material test plate (panel) rolling direction is after welding, vertically In the direction perpendicular to weld seam that the rolling direction of the base material test plate (panel) is after welding；
B42, continuously take G length perpendicular to weld seam on the welded seam area of welding position and base material region, width is equal to The vertical test sample W of ultrasonic probe width Yg, wherein g is vertical test sample WgSpecimen coding, g=1,2,3 ... G； The vertical test sample WgLength be equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length and ultrasonic wave are propagated The sum of effective distance；And the vertical test sample W takengNumber G is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
The vertical test sample W taken hereingSize is sufficiently small, and the residual stress in sample obtains enough release, substantially Zero stress state can be considered as；
B43, in each vertical test sample WgCenter on along the vertical test sample WgLength direction is placed super Sonic probe, and determined by microstructure detection in each vertical test sample WgUltrasonic listening range in it is each microcosmic Tissue regions RiShared ratio, is denoted as big；To each vertical test sample WgIt carries out along the vertical test sample WgLength The ultrasonic wave residual stress test in direction, and by ultrasonic wave in the vertical test sample WgUltrasonic listening range propagation Time is denoted as vertical test sample WgZero stress state propagation time tg0；With vertical test sample WgZero stress state propagate Time tg0Subtract the base material zero stress state propagation time t perpendicular to rolling directionV0To get each vertical test sample WgZero Deviation Δ T when soundVg, Δ TVg=tg0-tV0；
B44, it is based on following formula, calculates each diverse microcosmic tissue regions RiPerpendicular to bead direction zero sound when it is inclined Difference DELTA T 'Vi:
In order to guarantee that the microstructure chosen is more representative, in sampling operation of the invention, need to have avoided as far as possible Arc end and the influence unstable because of welding process for receiving arc end.
Further, the specific practice of step C1 of the present invention is: carrying out being parallel to bead direction to measured zone n When ultrasonic wave residual stress test, determined by microstructure detection each microcosmic in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n Tissue regions RiShared ratio lambdain, according to diverse microcosmic tissue regions R obtained in step BiBe parallel to bead direction Stress coefficient K 'Pi, according to following formula, that acquires the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence is parallel to weldering Stitch the stress coefficient K in directionPn:
Further, the specific practice of step C2 of the present invention is: carrying out to measured zone n perpendicular to bead direction When ultrasonic wave residual stress test, determined by microstructure detection each microcosmic in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n Tissue regions RiShared ratio μin, according to diverse microcosmic tissue regions R obtained in step BiPerpendicular to bead direction Stress coefficient K 'Vi, according to following formula, acquire the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence perpendicular to weldering Stitch the stress coefficient K in directionVn:
Further, the specific practice of step C3 of the present invention is: carrying out being parallel to bead direction to measured zone n When ultrasonic wave residual stress test, determined by microstructure detection each microcosmic in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n Tissue regions RiShared ratio lambdain, each microstructure region R according to obtained in step BiBe parallel to bead direction Deviation Δ T ' when zero soundPi, according to following formula, acquire the flat of the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence Row deviation Δ T when zero sound of bead directionPn；
ΔTPn=λ1nΔTP'1+λ2nΔTP'2+…+λinΔTP'i。 (7)
Further, the specific practice of step C4 of the present invention is: carrying out to measured zone n perpendicular to bead direction When ultrasonic wave residual stress test, determined by microstructure detection each microcosmic in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n Tissue regions RiShared ratio μin, each microstructure region R according to obtained in step BiPerpendicular to bead direction Deviation Δ T ' when zero soundVi, according to following formula, acquire hanging down for the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence Directly deviation Δ T when zero sound of bead directionVn；
ΔTVn=μ1nΔTV'1+μ2nΔTV'2+…+μinΔTV'i。 (8)
Further, microstructure detection of the present invention includes that hardness test detects, metallographic observation, and the materials such as XRD are microcosmic Structure observation method.
It elaborates with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the measured value and correction value that the embodiment of the present invention is parallel to bead direction stress coefficient.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention perpendicular to bead direction stress coefficient measured value and correction value.
Fig. 3 is deviation measured value and correction value when the embodiment of the present invention is parallel to zero sound of bead direction.
Fig. 4 be the embodiment of the present invention perpendicular to zero sound of bead direction when deviation measured value and correction value.
Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the present invention is parallel to ultrasonic measurement and Blind Hole Method survey before the amendment of bead direction residual stress Magnitude.
Fig. 6 is that the embodiment of the present invention is parallel to ultrasonic wave correction value and Blind Hole Method survey after the amendment of bead direction residual stress Magnitude.
Fig. 7 is that the embodiment of the present invention is surveyed perpendicular to ultrasonic measurement before the amendment of bead direction residual stress and Blind Hole Method Magnitude.
Fig. 8 is that the embodiment of the present invention is surveyed perpendicular to ultrasonic wave correction value after the amendment of bead direction residual stress and Blind Hole Method Magnitude.
Specific embodiment
A kind of concrete mode of the invention is: one kind can correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress measurement of microstructure differentia influence Method, comprising the following steps:
A, microstructure detection is carried out to welding position, welding position is divided into I microstructure by microstructure difference Region Ri, wherein i is microstructure region RiNumber, i=1,2,3 ... I；
B, each microstructure region R on welding position is determinediThe stress coefficient K ' for being parallel to bead directionPiWith it is vertical In the stress coefficient K ' of bead directionVi；Determine each microstructure region R on welding positioniBe parallel to bead direction zero Deviation Δ T ' when soundPiWith deviation Δ T ' when zero sound perpendicular to bead directionVi；
C, the stress coefficient for being parallel to bead direction for having modified the measured zone n of microstructure differentia influence is calculated KPn, perpendicular to the stress coefficient K of bead directionVn；Deviation Δ T when being parallel to zero sound of bead directionPnWith perpendicular to weld seam side To zero sound when deviation Δ TVn:
C1, any measured zone n carries out the ultrasonic wave residual stress test for being parallel to bead direction on to welding position When, according to microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio lambdainWith obtained in step B Diverse microcosmic tissue regions RiThe stress coefficient K ' for being parallel to bead directionPi, acquire and have modified microstructure differentia influence The stress coefficient K for being parallel to bead direction of the measured zone nPn；
C2, any measured zone n carries out the ultrasonic wave residual stress test perpendicular to bead direction on to welding position When, according to microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio μinWith obtained in step B Diverse microcosmic tissue regions RiThe stress coefficient K ' perpendicular to bead directionVi, acquire and have modified microstructure differentia influence The stress coefficient K perpendicular to bead direction of the measured zone nVn；
C3, any measured zone n carries out the ultrasonic wave residual stress test for being parallel to bead direction on to welding position When, according to microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio lambdainWith obtained in step B Each microstructure region RiZero sound for being parallel to bead direction when deviation Δ T 'Pi, acquire and have modified microstructure difference Deviation Δ T when zero sound for being parallel to bead direction of the measured zone n influencedPn；
C4, any measured zone n carries out the ultrasonic wave residual stress test perpendicular to bead direction on to welding position When, according to microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio μinWith obtained in step B Each microstructure region RiPerpendicular to bead direction zero sound when deviation Δ T 'Vi, acquire and have modified microstructure difference The measured zone n influenced perpendicular to bead direction zero sound when deviation Δ TVn；
D, weld seam side is parallel to according to the obtained measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence of step C To stress coefficient KPnWith deviation Δ T when zero soundPn, it is based on formula: Δ σPn=KPn(Δt+ΔTPn), calculating has modified microcosmic The welding residual stress value Δ σ for being parallel to bead direction of the measured zone n of error caused by histological differencePn；
According to the practical perpendicular to weld seam of the obtained measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence of step C The stress coefficient K in directionVnWith deviation Δ T when zero soundVn, it is based on formula: Δ σVn=KVn(Δt+ΔTVn), calculating has modified micro- See the welding residual stress value Δ σ perpendicular to bead direction of the measured zone n of error caused by histological differenceVn。
The specific practice of step C1 described in the present embodiment is: surpassing carrying out being parallel to bead direction to measured zone n When sound wave residual stress test, each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n microcosmic group is determined by microstructure detection Tissue region RiShared ratio lambdain, according to diverse microcosmic tissue regions R obtained in step BiBe parallel to answering for bead direction Force coefficient K 'Pi, according to following formula, that acquires the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence is parallel to weld seam The stress coefficient K in directionPn:
Step B described in the present embodiment determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniBe parallel to bead direction Stress coefficient K 'PiSpecific practice be:
B11, J length is continuously taken to be parallel to weld seam on the welded seam area of welding position and base material region, width is super The parallel testing sample M of sonic probe widthj, wherein j is parallel testing sample MjSpecimen coding, j=1,2,3 ... J；It is described Parallel testing sample MjLength be equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length, ultrasonic wave propagate it is effective The sum of stretching-machine clamping end in distance and step B12, and the parallel testing sample M takenjNumber J is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
B12, in each parallel testing sample MjCenter on along the parallel testing sample MjLength direction is placed super Sonic probe, and determined by microstructure detection in each parallel testing sample MjUltrasonic listening range in it is each microcosmic Tissue regions RiShared ratio, is denoted as aij；The clamping end of stretching-machine is clamped in the parallel testing sample MjLength direction Both ends, by stretching-machine to parallel testing sample MjApply along the parallel testing sample MjThe different gradients of length direction Load；Under each stress state, respectively to parallel testing sample MjIt carries out along the parallel testing sample MjLength direction surpasses Sound wave residual stress test records each parallel testing sample M measured by ultrasonic measurement system under each stress statej's The real load value that residual-stress value and stretching-machine provide；
The default stress coefficient that the ultrasonic measurement system of residual stress test is carried out in B13, step B12 is Ks, with sound Based on elastic formula, pass through parallel survey measured by ultrasonic measurement system under each stress state obtained in step B12 Have a try sample MjResidual-stress value, calculate each parallel testing sample M under each stress statejThe practical ultrasonic acoustic time difference； According to the real load value of the stretching-machine offer of step B12 record and parallel test sample MjCross-sectional area, obtain practical work Used in parallel testing sample MjUpper stress value；
Parallel testing sample M under B14, each stress state obtained according to step B13jThe practical ultrasonic acoustic time difference and Practical function is in parallel testing sample MjThe corresponding relationship of upper stress value is based on acoustic elasticity formula, linear by least square method Fitting, obtains each parallel testing sample MjThe stress coefficient K for being parallel to bead direction of ultrasonic listening rangePj；
B15, it is based on following formula, calculates each microstructure region RiThe stress coefficient K ' for being parallel to bead directionPi:
Step B described in the present embodiment determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniPerpendicular to bead direction Stress coefficient K 'ViSpecific practice be:
B21, using axis of a weld as symmetry axis, take test sample N one vertical perpendicular to weld seam, the vertical test examination The length direction of sample N includes welded seam area, heat-affected zone and base material region, the width of the vertical test sample N be greater than or The sum of effective distance is propagated equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length and ultrasonic wave；In vertical test On sample N according to from axis of a weld it is different with a distance from arrange K measurement point dk, wherein k is measurement point dkNumber, k=1, 2,3 ... K, and the measurement point d arrangedkNumber K is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
B22, along the vertical test sample N length direction ultrasonic probe is successively placed on vertical test sample N, made Ultrasonic probe center is respectively aligned to each measurement point dk, and each survey on vertical test sample N is determined by microstructure detection Measure point dkEach microstructure region R in corresponding ultrasonic listening rangeiShared ratio, is denoted as aik；By the folder of stretching-machine The both ends that end is clamped in the vertical test sample N length direction are held, are applied along the vertical test sample N length direction not With the load of gradient；Under each stress state, respectively to each measurement point dkIt carries out along the length side vertical test sample N To ultrasonic wave residual stress test, record under each stress state, vertical test sample N measured by ultrasonic measurement system Upper each measurement point dkResidual-stress value and stretching-machine provide real load value；
The default stress coefficient that the ultrasonic measurement system of residual stress test is carried out in B23, step B22 is Ks, with sound Based on elastic formula, vertical test measured by ultrasonic measurement system under each stress state obtained by step B22 Each measurement point d on sample NkResidual-stress value, calculate under each stress state each measurement point on vertical test sample N dkThe practical ultrasonic acoustic time difference；The real load value provided according to the stretching-machine of step B22 record and vertical test sample N Cross-sectional area obtains stress value of the practical function on vertical test sample N；
Each measurement point d on vertical test sample N under B24, each stress state obtained according to step B23kReality The ultrasonic acoustic time difference and practical function are based on acoustic elasticity formula, by most in the corresponding relationship of vertical test sample N upper stress value Small square law linear fit obtains each measurement point d on vertical test sample NkCorresponding ultrasonic listening range perpendicular to weldering Stitch the stress coefficient K in directionVk；
B25, it is based on following formula, calculates each microstructure region RiPerpendicular to the stress coefficient K ' of bead directionVi:
Step B described in the present embodiment determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniBe parallel to bead direction Deviation Δ T ' when zero soundPiSpecific practice be:
B31, the base material zero stress state propagation time is determined
Unwelded base material test plate (panel) identical with welded specimen material thickness to be measured is taken, the survey of ultrasonic wave residual stress is carried out It is fixed, ultrasonic wave is recorded in the propagation time of the base material test plate (panel), by ultrasonic wave in the propagation along the base material test plate (panel) rolling direction Time is denoted as the base material zero stress state propagation time t along rolling directionP0；Ultrasonic wave is rolled perpendicular to the base material test plate (panel) The propagation time in direction is denoted as the base material zero stress state propagation time t perpendicular to rolling directionV0；
B32, H length is continuously taken to be parallel to weld seam on the welded seam area of welding position and base material region, width is super The parallel testing sample U of sonic probe widthh, wherein h is parallel testing sample UhSpecimen coding, h=1,2,3 ... H；It is described Parallel testing sample UhLength be equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length and ultrasonic wave propagate it is effective Sum of the distance, and the parallel testing sample U takenhNumber H is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
B33, in each parallel testing sample UhCenter on along the parallel testing sample UhLength direction is placed super Sonic probe, and determined by microstructure detection in each parallel testing sample UhUltrasonic listening range in it is each microcosmic Tissue regions RiShared ratio, is denoted as bih；To each parallel testing sample UhIt carries out along the parallel testing sample UhLength The ultrasonic wave residual stress test in direction, and by ultrasonic wave in the parallel testing sample UhUltrasonic listening range propagation Time is denoted as parallel testing sample UhZero stress state propagation time thOo；With parallel testing sample UhZero stress state propagate Time thOSubtract the base material zero stress state propagation time t along rolling directionPOTo get each parallel testing sample UhZero sound when Deviation Δ TPh, Δ TPh=th0-tP0；
B34, it is based on following formula, calculates each diverse microcosmic tissue regions RiZero sound for being parallel to bead direction when it is inclined Difference DELTA T 'Pi:
Step B described in the present embodiment determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniPerpendicular to bead direction Deviation Δ T ' when zero soundViSpecific practice be:
B41, the base material zero stress state propagation time is determined
Unwelded base material test plate (panel) identical with welded specimen material thickness to be measured is taken, the survey of ultrasonic wave residual stress is carried out It is fixed, and ultrasonic wave is recorded in the propagation time of the base material test plate (panel), by ultrasonic wave in the biography along the base material test plate (panel) rolling direction The base material zero stress state propagation time t along rolling direction is denoted as between sowing timeP0；By ultrasonic wave perpendicular to the base material test plate (panel) The propagation time of rolling direction is denoted as the base material zero stress state propagation time t perpendicular to rolling directionV0；
B42, continuously take G length perpendicular to weld seam on the welded seam area of welding position and base material region, width is equal to The vertical test sample W of ultrasonic probe width Yg, wherein g is vertical test sample WgSpecimen coding, g=1,2,3 ... G； The vertical test sample WgLength be equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length and ultrasonic wave are propagated The sum of effective distance；And the vertical test sample W takengNumber G is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
B43, in each vertical test sample WgCenter on along the vertical test sample WgLength direction is placed super Sonic probe, and determined by microstructure detection in each vertical test sample WgUltrasonic listening range in it is each microcosmic Tissue regions RiShared ratio, is denoted as big；To each vertical test sample WgIt carries out along the vertical test sample WgLength The ultrasonic wave residual stress test in direction, and by ultrasonic wave in the vertical test sample WgUltrasonic listening range propagation Time is denoted as vertical test sample WgZero stress state propagation time tg0；With vertical test sample WgZero stress state propagate Time tg0Subtract the base material zero stress state propagation time t perpendicular to rolling directionV0To get each vertical test sample WgZero Deviation Δ T when soundVg, Δ TVg=tg0-tV0；
B44, it is based on following formula, calculates each diverse microcosmic tissue regions RiPerpendicular to bead direction zero sound when it is inclined Difference DELTA T 'Vi:
The specific practice of step C2 described in the present embodiment is: surpass perpendicular to bead direction to measured zone n When sound wave residual stress test, each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n microcosmic group is determined by microstructure detection Tissue region RiShared ratio μin, according to diverse microcosmic tissue regions R obtained in step BiAnswering perpendicular to bead direction Force coefficient K 'Vi, according to following formula, acquire the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence perpendicular to weld seam The stress coefficient K in directionVn:
The specific practice of step C3 described in the present embodiment is: surpassing carrying out being parallel to bead direction to measured zone n When sound wave residual stress test, each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n microcosmic group is determined by microstructure detection Tissue region RiShared ratio lambdain, each microstructure region R according to obtained in step BiBe parallel to bead direction zero Deviation Δ T ' when soundPi, according to following formula, acquire the parallel of the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence Deviation Δ T when zero sound of bead directionPn；
ΔTPn=λ1nΔTP'1+λ2nΔTP'2+…+λinΔTP'i。
The specific practice of step C4 described in the present embodiment is: surpass perpendicular to bead direction to measured zone n When sound wave residual stress test, each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n microcosmic group is determined by microstructure detection Tissue region RiShared ratio μin, each microstructure region R according to obtained in step BiPerpendicular to the zero of bead direction Deviation Δ T ' when soundVi, according to following formula, acquire the vertical of the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence Deviation Δ T when zero sound of bead directionVn；
ΔTVn=μ1nΔTV'1+μ2nΔTV'2+…+μinΔTV'i。
The detection of microstructure described in the present embodiment includes that hardness test detects, metallographic observation, the Fine Texture of Material such as XRD Observation method.
By taking welded specimen 7N01 aluminium alloy as an example, such aluminium alloy belongs to Al-Zn-Mg aluminium alloy, and rolled plate fills material Expect to be ER5356, plate thickness 8mm, welding process is divided into backing welding and cosmetic welding, and concrete operations are as follows:
Firstly, carrying out polishing removal to the reinforcement of the welding position of welded specimen, surface roughness meets relevant criterion.
Microstructure region division is carried out according to the welding position step A.It is determined according to step B11-B15 each on welding position A microstructure region RiThe stress coefficient K ' for being parallel to bead directionPi；It is determined according to step B21-B25 each on welding position A microstructure region RiThe stress coefficient K ' perpendicular to bead directionVi。
In this step, the default stress system of the ultrasonic measurement system of residual stress test is carried out in step B12 and B22 Number is Ks=4.
The concrete operations of stretching-machine applied force are in step B12: the clamping end of stretching-machine is clamped in the parallel survey Have a try sample MjThe both ends of length direction, control cupping machine make parallel testing sample MjInterior stress is zero, is answered as zero Power reference signal, then by stretching-machine to parallel testing sample MjApply along the parallel testing sample MjLength direction is not With the load (pulling force for increasing 2KN every time) of gradient.
The concrete operations of stretching-machine applied force are in step B22: the clamping end of stretching-machine is clamped in the vertical survey It has a try the both ends of sample N length direction, control cupping machine makes the stress in vertical test sample N be zero, answers as zero Then power reference signal applies the load of the different gradients along the vertical test sample N length direction (every time by stretching-machine Increase the pulling force of 2KN).
The bead direction that is parallel to for the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence is calculated according to step C Stress coefficient KPn, perpendicular to the stress coefficient K of bead directionVn。
As shown in figure 1, measured value indicates each parallel testing sample M that step B14 is obtainedjUltrasonic listening range is put down Row is in the stress coefficient K of bead directionPj；Correction value curve is that be acquired by step C1 have modified the institute of microstructure differentia influence State the stress coefficient K for being parallel to bead direction of measured zone nPnIt obtains.
As shown in Fig. 2, measured value indicates each measurement point d that step B24 is obtainedkCorresponding ultrasonic listening range is hung down Directly in the stress coefficient K of bead directionVk, correction value curve is that be acquired by step C2 have modified the institute of microstructure differentia influence State the stress coefficient K perpendicular to bead direction of measured zone nVnIt obtains.
Each microstructure region R on welding position is determined according to step B31-B34iZero sound for being parallel to bead direction When deviation Δ T 'Pi；Each microstructure region R on welding position is determined according to step B41-B44iPerpendicular to bead direction Zero sound when deviation Δ T 'Vi。
In step B42, continuously take G length perpendicular to weld seam on the welded seam area of welding position and base material region, Width is equal to the vertical test sample W of ultrasonic probe width Yg, the vertical test sample W that is takengCentral point respectively distance weldering Seam center 0mm, 5mm, 15mm, 25mm, 35mm, 45mm, 55mm.
Deviation Δ T when being parallel to zero sound of bead direction according to step C calculatingPnWhen with zero sound perpendicular to bead direction Deviation Δ TVn。
As shown in figure 3, measured value indicates each parallel testing sample U that step B33 is obtainedhZero sound when deviation Δ TPh；Correction value curve is that be acquired by step C3 the have modified measured zone n's of microstructure differentia influence is parallel to weldering Deviation Δ T when stitching zero sound in directionPnIt obtains.
As shown in figure 4, measured value indicates each vertical test sample W that step B43 is obtainedgZero sound when deviation Δ TVg；Correction value curve is that be acquired by step C4 the have modified measured zone n of microstructure differentia influence perpendicular to weldering Deviation Δ T when stitching zero sound in directionVnIt obtains.
Fig. 5 is shown, the ultrasonic wave residual stress for being parallel to bead direction measured without error correcting method of the invention The residual stress measurement value (Blind Hole Method is designated as in figure) that measured value (before being designated as supercritical ultrasonics technology amendment in figure) and Blind Hole Method measure.
Fig. 6 is shown, and is repaired with the ultrasonic wave residual stress for being parallel to bead direction that error correcting method of the invention measures The residual stress measurement value (Blind Hole Method is designated as in figure) that positive value (supercritical ultrasonics technology is designated as in figure) and Blind Hole Method measure.
From figs. 5 and 6, it can be seen that the ultrasonic wave residual stress measurement result for being parallel to bead direction passes through present invention side It is that closer blind hole measuring obtains as a result, special apparent away from the close microstructure variation of Weld pipe mill after method amendment Region, correction effect are obvious.
Fig. 7 is shown, and is answered without the ultrasonic wave remnants perpendicular to bead direction weldering that error correcting method of the invention measures The residual stress measurement value (Blind Hole Method is designated as in figure) that power measured value (before being designated as supercritical ultrasonics technology amendment in figure) and Blind Hole Method measure.
Fig. 8 is shown, and is repaired with the ultrasonic wave residual stress perpendicular to bead direction that error correcting method of the invention measures The residual stress measurement value (Blind Hole Method is designated as in figure) that positive value (supercritical ultrasonics technology is designated as in figure) and Blind Hole Method measure.
As can be seen from Figures 7 and 8, pass through present invention side perpendicular to the ultrasonic wave residual stress measurement result of bead direction It is that closer blind hole measuring obtains as a result, special apparent away from the close microstructure variation of Weld pipe mill after method amendment Region, correction effect are obvious.

Claims (10)

1. the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method that one kind can correct microstructure differentia influence, comprising the following steps:
A, microstructure detection is carried out to welding position, welding position is divided into I microstructure region by microstructure difference Ri, wherein i is microstructure region RiNumber, i=1,2,3...I；
B, each microstructure region R on welding position is determinediThe stress coefficient K ' for being parallel to bead directionPiWith perpendicular to weldering Stitch the stress coefficient K ' in directionVi；Determine each microstructure region R on welding positioniZero sound for being parallel to bead direction when Deviation Δ T 'PiWith deviation Δ T ' when zero sound perpendicular to bead directionVi；
C, the stress coefficient K for being parallel to bead direction for having modified the measured zone n of microstructure differentia influence is calculatedPn、 Perpendicular to the stress coefficient K of bead directionVn；Deviation Δ T when being parallel to zero sound of bead directionPnWith perpendicular to bead direction Zero sound when deviation Δ TVn:
C1, when measured zone n any on to welding position carries out the ultrasonic wave residual stress test for being parallel to bead direction, root According to each microstructure region R in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio lambdainWith difference obtained in step B Microstructure region RiThe stress coefficient K ' for being parallel to bead directionPi, acquire and have modified the described of microstructure differentia influence The stress coefficient K for being parallel to bead direction of measured zone nPn；
C2, measured zone n any on to welding position carry out perpendicular to bead direction ultrasonic wave residual stress test when, root According to each microstructure region R in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio μinWith difference obtained in step B Microstructure region RiThe stress coefficient K ' perpendicular to bead directionVi, acquire and have modified the described of microstructure differentia influence The stress coefficient K perpendicular to bead direction of measured zone nVn；
C3, when measured zone n any on to welding position carries out the ultrasonic wave residual stress test for being parallel to bead direction, root According to each microstructure region R in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio lambdainWith it is each obtained in step B Microstructure region RiZero sound for being parallel to bead direction when deviation Δ T 'Pi, acquire and have modified microstructure differentia influence The measured zone n zero sound for being parallel to bead direction when deviation Δ TPn；
C4, measured zone n any on to welding position carry out perpendicular to bead direction ultrasonic wave residual stress test when, root According to each microstructure region R in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone niShared ratio μinWith it is each obtained in step B Microstructure region RiPerpendicular to bead direction zero sound when deviation Δ T 'Vi, acquire and have modified microstructure differentia influence The measured zone n perpendicular to bead direction zero sound when deviation Δ TVn；
D, according to the bead direction that is parallel to of the step C obtained measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence Stress coefficient KPnWith deviation Δ T when zero soundPn, it is based on formula: Δ σPn=KPn(Δt+ΔTPn), calculating has modified microstructure The welding residual stress value Δ σ for being parallel to bead direction of the measured zone n of error caused by differencePn；
What it is according to the obtained measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence of step C is perpendicular to bead direction Number KVnWith deviation Δ T when zero soundVn, it is based on formula: Δ σVn=KVn(Δt+ΔTVn), calculating has modified microstructure difference institute Caused by error the measured zone n the welding residual stress value Δ σ perpendicular to bead directionVn；
Wherein, Δ t be critical refraction wave to the propagation time of propagation time and ultrasonic wave in zero stress sample in test sample it Difference, also referred to as the ultrasonic acoustic time difference, the zero stress sample are taken from base material.
2. one kind according to claim 1 can correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method of microstructure differentia influence, It is characterized by: the step B determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniThe stress system for being parallel to bead direction Number K 'PiSpecific practice be:
B11, J length is continuously taken to be parallel to weld seam on the welded seam area of welding position and base material region, width is ultrasonic wave The parallel testing sample M of probe widthj, wherein j is parallel testing sample MjSpecimen coding, j=1,2,3...J；It is described flat Row test sample MjLength be equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length, ultrasonic wave propagate effectively away from From and the sum of stretching-machine clamping end, and the parallel testing sample M takenjNumber J is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
B12, in each parallel testing sample MjCenter on along the parallel testing sample MjLength direction places ultrasonic wave Receiving transducer and ultrasonic wave transmitting probe, and determined by microstructure detection in each parallel testing sample MjUltrasonic wave visit Survey each microstructure region R in rangeiShared ratio, is denoted as aij；The clamping end of stretching-machine is clamped in the parallel survey Have a try sample MjThe both ends of length direction, by stretching-machine to parallel testing sample MjApply along the parallel testing sample MjLength The load of the different gradients in direction；Under each stress state, respectively to parallel testing sample MjIt carries out along the parallel testing Sample MjThe ultrasonic wave residual stress test of length direction records each measured by ultrasonic measurement system under each stress state A parallel testing sample MjResidual-stress value and stretching-machine provide real load value；
The default stress coefficient that the ultrasonic measurement system of residual stress test is carried out in B13, step B12 is Ks, with acoustic elasticity public affairs Based on formula, pass through parallel testing sample measured by ultrasonic measurement system under each stress state obtained in step B12 MjResidual-stress value, calculate each parallel testing sample M under each stress statejThe practical ultrasonic acoustic time difference；According to step The real load value that the stretching-machine of rapid B12 record provides and parallel test sample MjCross-sectional area, obtain practical function flat Row test sample MjUpper stress value；
Parallel testing sample M under B14, each stress state obtained according to step B13jThe practical ultrasonic acoustic time difference and reality Act on parallel testing sample MjThe corresponding relationship of upper stress value, using acoustic elasticity formula, by least square method linear fit, Obtain each parallel testing sample MjThe stress coefficient K for being parallel to bead direction of ultrasonic listening rangePj；
B15, it is based on following formula, calculates each microstructure region RiThe stress coefficient K ' for being parallel to bead directionPi:
3. one kind according to claim 1 can correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method of microstructure differentia influence, It is characterized by: the step B determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniThe stress system perpendicular to bead direction Number K 'ViSpecific practice be:
B21, using axis of a weld as symmetry axis, take test sample N one vertical, the vertical test sample N perpendicular to weld seam Length direction include welded seam area, heat-affected zone and base material region, the width of the vertical test sample N is greater than or equal to Ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length and ultrasonic wave propagate the sum of effective distance；In vertical test sample N Upper basis from axis of a weld it is different with a distance from arrange K measurement point dk, wherein k is measurement point dkNumber, k=1,2, And the measurement point d that is arranged 3...K,kNumber K is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
B22, along the vertical test sample N length direction ultrasonic probe is successively placed on vertical test sample N, makes ultrasound Center probe is respectively aligned to each measurement point dk, and each measurement point d on vertical test sample N is determined by microstructure detectionk Each microstructure region R in corresponding ultrasonic listening rangeiShared ratio, is denoted as aik；The clamping end of stretching-machine is pressed from both sides It holds at the both ends of the vertical test sample N length direction, applies the different gradients along the vertical test sample N length direction Load；Under each stress state, respectively to each measurement point dkIt carries out along the super of the vertical test sample N length direction Sound wave residual stress test records under each stress state, each on vertical test sample N measured by ultrasonic measurement system Measurement point dkResidual-stress value and stretching-machine provide real load value；
The default stress coefficient that the ultrasonic measurement system of residual stress test is carried out in B23, step B22 is Ks, with acoustic elasticity public affairs Based on formula, under each stress state obtained by step B22 on vertical test sample N measured by ultrasonic measurement system Each measurement point dkResidual-stress value, calculate under each stress state each measurement point d on vertical test sample NkReality The ultrasonic acoustic time difference；According to the cross section of real load value and vertical test sample N that the stretching-machine of step B22 record provides Product, obtains stress value of the practical function on vertical test sample N；
Each measurement point d on vertical test sample N under B24, each stress state obtained according to step B23kPractical ultrasonic wave The sound time difference and practical function pass through least square using acoustic elasticity formula in the corresponding relationship of vertical test sample N upper stress value Method linear fit obtains each measurement point d on vertical test sample NkCorresponding ultrasonic listening range perpendicular to bead direction Stress coefficient KVk；
B25, it is based on following formula, calculates each microstructure region RiPerpendicular to the stress coefficient K ' of bead directionVi:
4. one kind according to claim 1 can correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method of microstructure differentia influence, It is characterized by: the step B determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniZero sound for being parallel to bead direction when Deviation Δ T 'PiSpecific practice be:
B31, the base material zero stress state propagation time is determined
Unwelded base material test plate (panel) identical with welded specimen material thickness to be measured is taken, ultrasonic wave residual stress analysis, note are carried out Ultrasonic wave is recorded in the propagation time of the base material test plate (panel), by ultrasonic wave in the propagation time note along the base material test plate (panel) rolling direction For along the base material zero stress state propagation time t of rolling directionP0；By ultrasonic wave perpendicular to the base material test plate (panel) rolling direction Propagation time is denoted as the base material zero stress state propagation time t perpendicular to rolling directionV0；
B32, H length is continuously taken to be parallel to weld seam on the welded seam area of welding position and base material region, width is ultrasonic wave The parallel testing sample U of probe widthh, wherein h is parallel testing sample UhSpecimen coding, h=1,2,3...H；It is described flat Row test sample UhLength be equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length and ultrasonic wave propagate effectively away from The sum of from, and the parallel testing sample U takenhNumber H is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
B33, in each parallel testing sample UhCenter on along the parallel testing sample UhLength direction places ultrasonic wave Probe, and determined by microstructure detection in each parallel testing sample UhUltrasonic listening range in each microstructure Region RiShared ratio, is denoted as bih；To each parallel testing sample UhIt carries out along the parallel testing sample UhLength direction Ultrasonic wave residual stress test, and by ultrasonic wave in the parallel testing sample UhUltrasonic listening range propagation time It is denoted as parallel testing sample UhZero stress state propagation time th0；With parallel testing sample UhThe zero stress state propagation time th0Subtract the base material zero stress state propagation time t along rolling directionP0To get each parallel testing sample UhZero sound when deviation It is worth Δ TPh, Δ TPh=th0-tP0；
B34, it is based on following formula, calculates each diverse microcosmic tissue regions RiZero sound for being parallel to bead direction when deviation ΔT’Pi:
5. one kind according to claim 1 can correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method of microstructure differentia influence, It is characterized by: the step B determines each microstructure region R on welding positioniPerpendicular to bead direction zero sound when Deviation Δ T 'ViSpecific practice be:
B41, the base material zero stress state propagation time is determined
Unwelded base material test plate (panel) identical with welded specimen material thickness to be measured is taken, ultrasonic wave residual stress analysis is carried out, and Ultrasonic wave is recorded in the propagation time of the base material test plate (panel), by ultrasonic wave in the propagation time along the base material test plate (panel) rolling direction It is denoted as the base material zero stress state propagation time t along rolling directionP0；By ultrasonic wave in the rolling side perpendicular to the base material test plate (panel) To propagation time be denoted as the base material zero stress state propagation time t perpendicular to rolling directionV0；
B42, continuously take G length perpendicular to weld seam on the welded seam area of welding position and base material region, width is equal to ultrasound The vertical test sample W of wave probe width Yg, wherein g is vertical test sample WgSpecimen coding, g=1,2,3...G；It is described Vertical test sample WgLength be equal to ultrasonic wave receiving transducer length, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe length and ultrasonic wave propagate it is effective Sum of the distance；And the vertical test sample W takengNumber G is greater than microstructure region RiQuantity I；
B43, in each vertical test sample WgCenter on along the vertical test sample WgLength direction places ultrasonic wave Probe, and determined by microstructure detection in each vertical test sample WgUltrasonic listening range in each microstructure Region RiShared ratio, is denoted as big；To each vertical test sample WgIt carries out along the vertical test sample WgLength direction Ultrasonic wave residual stress test, and by ultrasonic wave in the vertical test sample WgUltrasonic listening range propagation time It is denoted as vertical test sample WgZero stress state propagation time tg0；With vertical test sample WgThe zero stress state propagation time tg0Subtract the base material zero stress state propagation time t perpendicular to rolling directionV0To get each vertical test sample WgZero sound when Deviation Δ TVg, Δ TVg=tg0-tV0；
B44, it is based on following formula, calculates each diverse microcosmic tissue regions RiPerpendicular to bead direction zero sound when deviation ΔT’Vi:
6. one kind according to claim 1 can correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method of microstructure differentia influence, It is characterized by: the specific practice of the step C1 is: remaining in the ultrasonic wave for be parallel to bead direction to measured zone n When stress test, microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n is determined by microstructure detectioni Shared ratio lambdain, according to diverse microcosmic tissue regions R obtained in step BiThe stress coefficient K for being parallel to bead direction ’Pi, according to following formula, that acquires the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence is parallel to answering for bead direction Force coefficient KPn:
7. one kind according to claim 1 can correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method of microstructure differentia influence, It is characterized by: the specific practice of the step C2 is: carrying out the ultrasonic wave remnants perpendicular to bead direction to measured zone n When stress test, microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n is determined by microstructure detectioni Shared ratio μin, according to diverse microcosmic tissue regions R obtained in step BiThe stress coefficient K perpendicular to bead direction ’Vi, according to following formula, acquire the answering perpendicular to bead direction for having modified the measured zone n of microstructure differentia influence Force coefficient KVn:
8. one kind according to claim 1 can correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method of microstructure differentia influence, It is characterized by: the specific practice of the step C3 is: remaining in the ultrasonic wave for be parallel to bead direction to measured zone n When stress test, microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n is determined by microstructure detectioni Shared ratio lambdain, each microstructure region R according to obtained in step BiZero sound for being parallel to bead direction when deviation It is worth Δ T 'Pi, according to following formula, that acquires the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence is parallel to weld seam side To zero sound when deviation Δ TPn；
ΔTPn=λ1nΔT’P1+λ2nΔT’P2+…+λinΔT’Pi。
9. one kind according to claim 1 can correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method of microstructure differentia influence, It is characterized by: the specific practice of the step C4 is: carrying out the ultrasonic wave remnants perpendicular to bead direction to measured zone n When stress test, microstructure region R each in the ultrasonic listening range of measured zone n is determined by microstructure detectioni Shared ratio μin, each microstructure region R according to obtained in step BiPerpendicular to bead direction zero sound when deviation It is worth Δ T 'Vi, according to following formula, acquire the measured zone n for having modified microstructure differentia influence perpendicular to weld seam side To zero sound when deviation Δ TVn；
ΔTVn=μ1nΔT’V1+μ2nΔT’V2+…+μinΔT’Vi。
10. the ultrasonic wave residual stress that -9 any described one kind can correct microstructure differentia influence according to claim 1 is surveyed Amount method, it is characterised in that: the microstructure detection includes that hardness test detects, metallographic observation, XRD detection.
CN201610343184.0A 2016-05-20 2016-05-20 A kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method for correcting microstructure differentia influence Active CN106017763B (en)

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