CN112014018B - Stress field measuring method based on ultrasonic tomography - Google Patents
Stress field measuring method based on ultrasonic tomography Download PDFInfo
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- CN112014018B CN112014018B CN202010902801.2A CN202010902801A CN112014018B CN 112014018 B CN112014018 B CN 112014018B CN 202010902801 A CN202010902801 A CN 202010902801A CN 112014018 B CN112014018 B CN 112014018B
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Abstract
The invention provides a stress field measuring method based on ultrasonic tomography, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing. The method comprises the following steps: performing a calibration test; determining a projection coefficient matrix; acquiring a zero stress reference, and sequentially exciting each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer array to obtain a zero waveform data set; acquiring measurement data, and sequentially exciting each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer array according to an excitation sequence acquired by a zero-stress reference to obtain a test waveform data set; calculating time delay, namely solving by using a cross-correlation algorithm to obtain a corresponding stress time delay vector; solving a stress field equation, and solving the stress field equation by using a tomography algorithm to obtain a stress vector; and drawing a stress field image according to the stress vector. The invention is based on the ultrasonic chromatography algorithm, and by constructing the probe scanning matrix, the distribution of the stress field on the shallow surface of the workpiece can be obtained by single measurement without moving the probe, thereby reducing the requirements on operators and improving the measurement efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stress field measuring method based on ultrasonic tomography, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing.
Background
The material inevitably produces plastic strain in the mechanical manufacturing process, which leads to residual stress, and meanwhile, the stress changes under the influence of aging or external load on the inside of the workpiece in the service process of the workpiece. The measured surface stress of the workpiece not only can provide data support for the safety evaluation of the structural service, but also can improve the production process and the component processing method on the basis, thereby further prolonging the service life of the workpiece and reducing the production operation cost.
There are many techniques for detecting the stress in an object, and the techniques can be subdivided into three categories according to whether the detected object is damaged: destructive testing, micro-destructive testing, and non-destructive testing. Destructive testing and micro-destructive testing are also known as mechanical testing methods, with drilling methods being most commonly used. The nondestructive testing is to use a nondestructive physical method to test the stress of the member, and mainly comprises an X-ray method, a photoelastic method, an eddy current method, an ultrasonic method and the like, wherein the X-ray method and the ultrasonic method are most commonly applied in the field of rail transit.
The ultrasonic measurement residual stress is based on the acoustoelastic theory, when a component is acted by force, the propagation speed, the ultrasonic frequency, the amplitude, the phase, the energy and other parameters of the ultrasonic wave in the material are changed, and the stress value in the component can be indirectly obtained according to a relevant model through measuring the parameters of the ultrasonic wave in the component.
In the field of reliability evaluation of engineering structures, accurate acquisition of stress field distribution of dangerous positions is a prerequisite for calculating the service life and safety of the engineering structures. Meanwhile, the existing ultrasonic residual stress measurement technology adopts single-point measurement, if the shallow surface stress distribution of the workpiece is to be measured, a mechanical device is often adopted to move a measuring probe to realize the measurement of different measuring points, and the method has the problems of long measuring time, high requirements on quality of operators and the like, so that the rapid and nondestructive measurement of the stress field distribution of the shallow surface of the workpiece has great engineering application value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of long measurement time, high requirement on quality of operators and the like in the prior art, the invention provides the stress field measurement method based on ultrasonic tomography, which can simply, conveniently, quickly, low in cost and high in precision measure the stress field distribution of the shallow surface of the workpiece and is a nondestructive measurement method.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the invention achieves the aim that: a stress field measuring method based on ultrasonic tomography comprises the following steps:
s1, calibration test: preparing a zero-stress tensile sample, and carrying out an ultrasonic stress calibration test on the zero-stress tensile sample to obtain a nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K parallel to the tensile direction1And a nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K perpendicular to the direction of stretching2；
S2, determining a projection coefficient matrix: determining a projection coefficient matrix S according to the geometric relationship between the ultrasonic transducer array and the pixel points; the ultrasonic transducer array is composed of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers and is used for being arranged around a field to be measured, and each ultrasonic transducer can be used for exciting and receiving ultrasonic signals;
s3, acquiring a zero stress reference: preparing a zero-stress sample, arranging the ultrasonic transducer arrays in the step S2 around a field to be tested of the zero-stress sample, sequentially exciting each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays in a certain order, and when each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays is excited, using the corresponding ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays that is not excited to receive an ultrasonic signal (that is, only one ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays is used to excite an ultrasonic signal at the same time, and the rest of the ultrasonic transducers are used to receive the current ultrasonic signal); obtaining a zero waveform data set, denoted as
Where the superscript 0 denotes the zero waveform, M denotes the number of ultrasound propagation paths, i is 1,2, …, M, then
Representing zero waveform data under the ith ultrasonic propagation path;
s4, measurement data acquisition: arranging the ultrasonic transducer arrays in the step S2 around the tested field of the test workpiece, and sequentially exciting the ultrasonic waves according to the excitation sequence of each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays in the step S3Each ultrasonic transducer of a transducer array and when a respective ultrasonic transducer of the ultrasonic transducer array is excited, the corresponding un-excited ultrasonic transducer of the ultrasonic transducer array is used to receive an ultrasonic signal; obtaining a test waveform dataset, noted as
Where the superscript t denotes the test waveform, M denotes the number of ultrasound propagation paths, i is 1,2, …, M, then
Representing test waveform data under the ith ultrasonic propagation path;
s5, delay calculation: solving by using a cross-correlation algorithm to obtain a corresponding stress time delay vector delta T between the zero waveform data set and the test waveform data set;
s6, solving a stress field equation: solving a stress field equation SP (delta T) by using a tomography algorithm to obtain a stress vector P; wherein, S is a projection coefficient matrix determined according to the geometric relationship between the ultrasonic transducer array and the pixel points in step S2, and Δ T is a corresponding stress delay vector between the zero waveform data set and the test waveform data set solved by using the cross-correlation algorithm in step S5;
s7, drawing a stress field image: and drawing a stress field image of the test workpiece according to the stress vector P obtained by solving.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the field of reliability evaluation of engineering structures, accurate acquisition of stress field distribution of dangerous positions is a prerequisite for calculating the service life and safety of the engineering structures. Meanwhile, the existing ultrasonic residual stress measurement technology adopts single-point measurement, if the shallow surface stress distribution measurement of a workpiece is to be realized, a mechanical device is often adopted to move a measurement probe to realize the measurement of different measurement points, the method has long measurement time, and simultaneously, the problems that the stress measurement process has high requirements on the quality of operators, errors (such as pressure degree, coupling and the like) are easily introduced, the requirements on the operators are high and the like are high are considered, but the influence cannot be eliminated in the prior art. The invention is based on the ultrasonic chromatography algorithm, and realizes that the stress field distribution of the workpiece shallow surface can be obtained by single measurement without moving the probe by constructing the probe scanning matrix (namely the ultrasonic transducer array), thereby reducing the requirements on operators and improving the measurement efficiency.
Further, the specific implementation of step S1 includes:
s1-1, preparing a zero-stress tensile sample, clamping the zero-stress tensile sample on a stretching machine, and respectively arranging ultrasonic transducer pairs on a tested field of the zero-stress tensile sample along the stretching direction and along the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction (wherein each group of ultrasonic transducer pairs consists of two ultrasonic transducers, one is used for exciting an ultrasonic signal, and the other is used for receiving the ultrasonic signal);
s1-2, starting the ultrasonic transducer pair along the stretching direction, and carrying out ultrasonic stress calibration test under the zero stress and different stress loading states to obtain the nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K parallel to the stretching direction1；
S1-3, starting the ultrasonic transducer pair vertical to the stretching direction, and carrying out ultrasonic stress calibration test under the zero stress and different stress loading states to obtain the nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K vertical to the stretching direction2。
Further, in step S2, the specific method for determining the projection coefficient matrix S according to the geometric relationship between the ultrasound transducer array and the pixel point includes:
s2-1, determining a propagation deflection angle alpha (i) of each ultrasonic propagation path and a propagation distance L (i, j) of each ultrasonic propagation path in each pixel point according to the geometrical relationship between the ultrasonic transducer array and the pixel points, wherein i represents the number of the ultrasonic propagation path, and i is 1,2, …, M; j represents the number of the pixel point, and j is 1,2, …, N; m represents the number of ultrasonic propagation paths, and N represents the number of pixel points;
s2-2, by each superThe propagation deflection angle α (i) of the acoustic propagation path and the propagation distance L (i, j) of each ultrasonic propagation path in each pixel point, and the nominal acoustoelastic coefficient K parallel to the stretching direction obtained in step S11And a nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K perpendicular to the direction of stretching2And calculating a projection coefficient matrix S according to the following formula:
wherein
Further, in step S5, the stress delay vector Δ T is expressed as:
ΔT＝[Δt(1),Δt(2),…,Δt(i),…,Δt(M)]T，
wherein Δ t (i) is a zero waveform
And test waveforms
Corresponding waveform time delay; m represents the number of ultrasound propagation paths; i denotes the number of the ultrasound propagation path, i ═ 1,2, …, M.
Further, in step S6, the stress vector P is expressed as:
P＝[σ1(1),…,σ1(j),…,σ1(N),σ2(1),…,σ2(j),…,σ2(N)]T，
wherein σ1(j)、σ2(j) The magnitude of two main stress components in the jth pixel point on the surface of the workpiece; n represents the number of pixel points; j denotes the number of the pixel point, and j is 1,2, …, N.
Further, the ultrasound transducer array is a square array or a circular array.
The ultrasonic transducer array adopts a square array or a circular array, the geometrical relationship is definite, and the projection coefficient matrix S is convenient to calculate.
Further, the array of ultrasound transducers is a 5 x 5 square array (evenly distributed between the transducers).
Further, if the number of the ultrasonic transducers of the ultrasonic transducer array is H, the number H of the ultrasonic transducers of the ultrasonic transducer array, the number N of the pixel points, and the number M of the ultrasonic propagation paths satisfy the following relation:
wherein
Further, in step S3, each ultrasound transducer in the ultrasound transducer array is sequentially excited according to a certain sequence, specifically: sequentially exciting each ultrasonic transducer in the array of ultrasonic transducers in a clockwise or counterclockwise order.
Further, the ultrasound transducer array includes pairs of ultrasound transducers in a stretch direction and pairs of ultrasound transducers in a direction perpendicular to the stretch direction.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a stress field reconstruction procedure in an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasound transducer array in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a calibration test in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of measurement in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a stress distribution plot of a test workpiece using an X-ray stress gauge in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a stress profile of a test workpiece using the method of the present invention in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Examples
The stress field measuring method based on ultrasonic tomography provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, calibration test: preparing a zero-stress tensile sample, and carrying out an ultrasonic stress calibration test on the zero-stress tensile sample to obtain a nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K parallel to the tensile direction1And a nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K perpendicular to the direction of stretching2；
S2, determining a projection coefficient matrix: determining a projection coefficient matrix S according to the geometric relationship between the ultrasonic transducer array and the pixel points; the ultrasonic transducer array is composed of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers and is used for being arranged around a field to be measured, and each ultrasonic transducer can be used for exciting and receiving ultrasonic signals;
s3, acquiring a zero stress reference: preparing a zero-stress sample, arranging the ultrasonic transducer arrays in the step S2 around a measured field of the zero-stress sample, sequentially exciting each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays according to a certain sequence, and when each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays is excited, the corresponding ultrasonic transducer which is not excited in the ultrasonic transducer arrays is used for receiving ultrasonic signals; obtaining a zero waveform data set, denoted as
Where the superscript 0 denotes the zero waveform, M denotes the number of ultrasound propagation paths, i is 1,2, …, M, then
Representing zero waveform data under the ith ultrasonic propagation path;
s4, measurement data acquisition: arranging the ultrasonic transducer arrays in the step S2 around the tested field of the test workpiece, and sequentially exciting each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays according to the excitation sequence of each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays in the step S3An ultrasound transducer, and when each ultrasound transducer of the ultrasound transducer array is excited, the corresponding ultrasound transducer of the ultrasound transducer array that is not excited is used to receive ultrasound signals; obtaining a test waveform dataset, noted as
Where the superscript t denotes the test waveform, M denotes the number of ultrasound propagation paths, i is 1,2, …, M, then
Representing test waveform data under the ith ultrasonic propagation path;
s5, delay calculation: solving by using a cross-correlation algorithm to obtain a corresponding stress time delay vector delta T between the zero waveform data set and the test waveform data set;
s6, solving a stress field equation: solving a stress field equation SP (delta T) by using a tomography algorithm to obtain a stress vector P; wherein, S is a projection coefficient matrix determined according to the geometric relationship between the ultrasonic transducer array and the pixel points in step S2, and Δ T is a corresponding stress delay vector between the zero waveform data set and the test waveform data set solved by using the cross-correlation algorithm in step S5;
s7, drawing a stress field image: and drawing a stress field image of the test workpiece according to the stress vector P obtained by solving.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation of step S1 includes:
s1-1, preparing a zero-stress tensile sample, clamping the zero-stress tensile sample on a stretching machine, and respectively arranging ultrasonic transducer pairs on a tested field of the zero-stress tensile sample along the stretching direction and along the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction (wherein each group of ultrasonic transducer pairs consists of two ultrasonic transducers, one is used for exciting an ultrasonic signal, and the other is used for receiving the ultrasonic signal);
s1-2, starting the ultrasonic transducer pair along the stretching direction, and carrying out ultrasonic stress calibration test under the zero stress and different stress loading states to obtain the nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K parallel to the stretching direction1；
S1-3, starting the ultrasonic transducer pair vertical to the stretching direction, and carrying out ultrasonic stress calibration test under the zero stress and different stress loading states to obtain the nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K vertical to the stretching direction2。
In step S2 of this embodiment, the specific method for determining the projection coefficient matrix S according to the geometric relationship between the ultrasound transducer array and the pixel point includes:
s2-1, determining a propagation deflection angle alpha (i) of each ultrasonic propagation path and a propagation distance L (i, j) of each ultrasonic propagation path in each pixel point according to the geometrical relationship between the ultrasonic transducer array and the pixel points, wherein i represents the number of the ultrasonic propagation path, and i is 1,2, …, M; j represents the number of the pixel point, and j is 1,2, …, N; m represents the number of ultrasonic propagation paths, and N represents the number of pixel points;
s2-2, the propagation deflection angle alpha (i) of each ultrasonic propagation path and the propagation distance L (i, j) of each ultrasonic propagation path in each pixel point, and the nominal acoustoelastic coefficient K parallel to the stretching direction obtained in the step S11And a nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K perpendicular to the direction of stretching2And calculating a projection coefficient matrix S according to the following formula:
wherein
In step S5 of this embodiment, the stress delay vector Δ T is represented as:
ΔT＝[Δt(1),Δt(2),…,Δt(i),…,Δt(M)]T，
wherein Δ t (i) is a zero waveform
And test waveforms
Corresponding waveform time delay; m represents the number of ultrasound propagation paths; i denotes the number of the ultrasound propagation path, i ═ 1,2, …, M.
In step S6 of this embodiment, the stress vector P is expressed as:
P＝[σ1(1),…,σ1(j),…,σ1(N),σ2(1),…,σ2(j),…,σ2(N)]T，
wherein σ1(j)、σ2(j) Testing the magnitude of two main stress components in the jth pixel point on the surface of the workpiece; n represents the number of pixel points; j denotes the number of the pixel point, and j is 1,2, …, N.
In this embodiment, if the number of the ultrasonic transducers of the ultrasonic transducer array is H, the number H of the ultrasonic transducers of the ultrasonic transducer array, the number N of the pixel points, and the number M of the ultrasonic propagation paths satisfy the following relation:
wherein
In step S3 of this embodiment, each ultrasound transducer in the ultrasound transducer array is sequentially excited according to a certain sequence, specifically: sequentially exciting each ultrasonic transducer in the array of ultrasonic transducers in a clockwise or counterclockwise order.
In this embodiment, the ultrasound transducer array includes a pair of ultrasound transducers along the stretching direction and a pair of ultrasound transducers along a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a stress field reconstruction step in this example, including: the method comprises the steps of calibration test, projection coefficient matrix determination, zero stress reference acquisition, measurement data acquisition, time delay calculation, stress field equation solving and stress field image drawing. Each ultrasonic transducer in the array of ultrasonic transducers is sequentially excited during measurement data acquisition in exactly the same order in which each ultrasonic transducer in the array of ultrasonic transducers is sequentially excited during zero stress reference acquisition.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasound transducer array in this example. The ultrasonic transducer array is a square array and is a 5 multiplied by 5 square array, and all the ultrasonic transducers are uniformly distributed. The ultrasound transducer array includes pairs of ultrasound transducers in a direction of stretching and pairs of ultrasound transducers in a direction perpendicular to the direction of stretching. N in fig. 2 represents the number of pixels.
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer array shown in fig. 2 is used for calibration test, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calibration test in this embodiment. #1- # 1' in fig. 3 denotes an ultrasonic transducer pair arranged in the stretching direction; #2- # 2' in fig. 3 denotes the ultrasonic transducer pairs arranged in the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction. Ultrasound transducer pairs #1- #1 'and ultrasound transducer pairs #2- # 2', each set of ultrasound transducer pairs consisting of two ultrasound transducers, one for exciting an ultrasound signal (i.e., exciting transducers # 1 and #2 in fig. 3 for exciting an ultrasound signal) and the other for receiving an ultrasound signal (i.e., receiving transducers #1 'and # 2' in fig. 3 for receiving an ultrasound signal). The stretching direction in the above is the loading direction in fig. 3. When the ultrasonic transducer array shown in FIG. 2 is used for calibration test, the transducer pairs #1- # 1' along the stretching direction are started, and the ultrasonic stress calibration test is carried out under the zero stress and different stress loading states to obtain the nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K parallel to the stretching direction1(ii) a Starting the ultrasonic transducer pairs #2- # 2' perpendicular to the stretching direction, and carrying out ultrasonic stress calibration tests under the conditions of zero stress and different stress loading states to obtain the nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K perpendicular to the stretching direction2。
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer array shown in fig. 2 is used to perform zero-stress reference acquisition and measurement data acquisition, and fig. 4 is a schematic measurement diagram of the test workpiece in this embodiment. As shown in fig. 4, an ultrasonic transducer array as shown in fig. 2 is arranged around a field to be tested of a test workpiece, each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer array is sequentially excited according to the sequence of exciting the ultrasonic transducers in the zero-stress reference acquisition process, and when each ultrasonic transducer is excited, the corresponding unexcited ultrasonic transducer is used for receiving an ultrasonic signal; thus, a test waveform data set is obtained, and measurement data acquisition is completed.
FIG. 5 is a stress distribution plot of the test workpiece of this example measured using an X-ray stress gauge, including a first principal stress plot (i.e., σ)1(1),…,σ1(j),…,σ1(N)) and a second principal stress map (i.e., σ)2(1),…,σ2(j),…,σ2(N)). FIG. 6 is a stress profile of the test workpiece of this example measured using the measurement method of this example, including a first principal stress map (i.e., σ)1(1),…,σ1(j),…,σ1(N)) and a second principal stress map (i.e., σ)2(1),…,σ2(j),…,σ2(N)). The surface stress field distribution of the workpiece to be tested is measured by the X-ray stress measuring instrument and compared with the stress field distribution measured by the measuring method of the embodiment, so that the stress field distribution measured by the measuring method of the embodiment is very close to the real stress field distribution measured by the X-ray stress measuring instrument. Therefore, the method has high test precision in the aspect of measuring the stress field distribution of the shallow surface of the workpiece.
Claims (9)
1. A stress field measuring method based on ultrasonic tomography is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, calibration test: preparing a zero-stress tensile sample, and carrying out an ultrasonic stress calibration test on the zero-stress tensile sample to obtain a nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K parallel to the tensile direction1And a nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K perpendicular to the direction of stretching2；
S2, determining a projection coefficient matrix: determining a projection coefficient matrix S according to the geometric relationship between the ultrasonic transducer array and the pixel points; the ultrasonic transducer array is composed of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers and is used for being arranged around a field to be measured, and each ultrasonic transducer can be used for exciting and receiving ultrasonic signals;
s3, acquiring a zero stress reference: preparing a zero-stress sample, arranging the ultrasonic transducer arrays in the step S2 around a field to be measured of the zero-stress sample, sequentially exciting each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays in a clockwise or counterclockwise order, and when each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays is excited, the corresponding ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays which is not excited is used for receiving an ultrasonic signal; obtaining a zero waveform dataset, noted as
Where the superscript 0 denotes the zero waveform, M denotes the number of ultrasound propagation paths, i is 1,2, …, M, then
Representing zero waveform data under the ith ultrasonic propagation path;
s4, measurement data acquisition: arranging the ultrasonic transducer arrays in the step S2 around a tested field of a test workpiece, sequentially exciting each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays according to the excitation sequence of each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays in the step S3, and when each ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer arrays is excited, the unexcited ultrasonic transducer in the corresponding ultrasonic transducer array is used for receiving an ultrasonic signal; obtaining a test waveform dataset, noted as
Where the superscript t denotes the test waveform, M denotes the number of ultrasound propagation paths, i is 1,2, …, M, then
Representing test waveform data under the ith ultrasonic propagation path;
s5, delay calculation: solving by using a cross-correlation algorithm to obtain a corresponding stress time delay vector delta T between the zero waveform data set and the test waveform data set;
s6, solving a stress field equation: solving a stress field equation SP (delta T) by using a tomography algorithm to obtain a stress vector P; wherein, S is a projection coefficient matrix determined according to the geometric relationship between the ultrasonic transducer array and the pixel points in step S2, and Δ T is a corresponding stress delay vector between the zero waveform data set and the test waveform data set solved by using the cross-correlation algorithm in step S5;
s7, drawing a stress field image: and drawing a stress field image of the test workpiece according to the stress vector P obtained by solving.
2. The stress field measurement method based on ultrasonic tomography according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific implementation of step S1 includes:
s1-1, preparing a zero-stress tensile sample, clamping the zero-stress tensile sample on a stretching machine, and respectively arranging ultrasonic transducer pairs on a tested field of the zero-stress tensile sample along the stretching direction and along the direction perpendicular to the stretching direction;
s1-2, starting the ultrasonic transducer pair along the stretching direction, and carrying out ultrasonic stress calibration test under the zero stress and different stress loading states to obtain the nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K parallel to the stretching direction1；
S1-3, starting the ultrasonic transducer pair vertical to the stretching direction, and carrying out ultrasonic stress calibration test under the zero stress and different stress loading states to obtain the nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K vertical to the stretching direction2。
3. The stress field measurement method based on ultrasonic tomography according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the specific method for determining the projection coefficient matrix S according to the geometric relationship between the ultrasound transducer array and the pixel point includes:
s2-1, determining a propagation deflection angle alpha (i) of each ultrasonic propagation path and a propagation distance L (i, j) of each ultrasonic propagation path in each pixel point according to the geometrical relationship between the ultrasonic transducer array and the pixel points, wherein i represents the number of the ultrasonic propagation path, and i is 1,2, …, M; j represents the number of the pixel point, and j is 1,2, …, N; m represents the number of ultrasonic propagation paths, and N represents the number of pixel points;
s2-2, the propagation deflection angle alpha (i) of each ultrasonic propagation path and the propagation distance L (i, j) of each ultrasonic propagation path in each pixel point, and the nominal acoustoelastic coefficient K parallel to the stretching direction obtained in the step S11And a nominal acoustic elastic coefficient K perpendicular to the direction of stretching2And calculating a projection coefficient matrix S according to the following formula:
wherein
4. The stress field measurement method based on ultrasonic tomography according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S5, the stress delay vector Δ T is expressed as: Δ T ═ Δ T (1), Δ T (2), …, Δ T (i), …, Δ T (m)]TWherein Δ t (i) is a zero waveform
And test waveforms
Corresponding waveform time delay; m represents the number of ultrasound propagation paths; i denotes the number of the ultrasound propagation path, i ═ 1,2, …, M.
5. The method of claim 1The stress field measuring method based on the ultrasonic tomography is characterized by comprising the following steps: in step S6, the stress vector P is expressed as: p ═ σ [ σ ]1(1),…,σ1(j),…,σ1(N),σ2(1),…,σ2(j),…,σ2(N)]TWhere σ is1(j)、σ2(j) Testing the magnitude of two main stress components in the jth pixel point on the surface of the workpiece; n represents the number of pixel points; j denotes the number of the pixel point, and j is 1,2, …, N.
6. The stress field measurement method based on ultrasonic tomography according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrasound transducer array is a square array or a circular array.
7. The stress field measurement method based on ultrasonic tomography according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrasound transducer array is a 5 x 5 square array.
8. The stress field measurement method based on ultrasonic tomography according to claim 1, characterized in that: if the number of the ultrasonic transducers of the ultrasonic transducer array is H, the number H of the ultrasonic transducers of the ultrasonic transducer array, the number N of the pixel points and the number M of the ultrasonic propagation paths satisfy the following relation:
wherein
9. The method for measuring the stress field based on the ultrasonic tomography according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the ultrasound transducer array includes pairs of ultrasound transducers in a stretch direction and pairs of ultrasound transducers in a direction perpendicular to the stretch direction.
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| CN105823826A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-08-03 | 北京理工大学 | Residual stress dynamic distribution ultrasonic array chromatography detecting and monitoring method |
| CN107356677A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-17 | 厦门大学 | The supersonic damage-free detection method being imaged based on travel time tomography and reverse-time migration |
| CN109163831A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-08 | 南京中车浦镇城轨车辆有限责任公司 | A kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress measuring method |
| CN110174463A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-08-27 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | A kind of nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field |
| CN110646119A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-01-03 | 西南交通大学 | Method for measuring surface stress tensor of rolled metal material by ultrasonic wave |
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