CN110174463A - A kind of nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field - Google Patents
A kind of nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field, three-dimensional mining stress field in front of its finally obtained working face is obtained by using elastic wave three dimensional CT technology and mining stress field data processing system, by the elastic wave three dimensional CT test zone in front of working face, initial field stress test point is set, and sufficiently combine the corresponding relationship for the Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient and stress variation gradient for adding unloading test and Elastic Wave Velocity testing experiment to obtain using true triaxial, realize the lossless of working face front three-dimensional mining stress field, quantitative test.Working face three-dimensional mining stress field nondestructive quantitative measuring method of the present invention, it may be implemented to carry out Quantitative Monitoring to the intracorporal three-dimensional mining stress field of coal petrography in front of working face, and monitoring result is continuous mining stress field value, test method does not need to beat deep drill into working face coal seam, lossless, Quantitative Monitoring is realized, solves the problems such as conventional borehole stress meter test method can only carry out the high qualitative test of local single direction mining induced stress, test result dispersion, poor reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to stress field the field of test technology, more particularly to one kind can be to three in front of coal mining working face
The method for carrying out harmless quantitative test to mining stress field.
Background technique
Working face seam mining has broken the intracorporal initial rock stress field equilibrium state of coal petrography, and initial rock stress field is caused to divide again
Cloth (forms mining stress field), and depressor area, anallobar and pressure stabilizing area are formd in front of working face.Working face mining induced stress is to lead
The basic power source of face roof fracturation is caused, and the abnormal area of mining stress field easily occurs the fracture of top plate large area and comes
The disastrous accidents such as pressure, bump, coal and gas prominent, gushing water.
Currently, colliery engineering scene is generally monitored the mining induced stress in front of working face using borehole stressmeter, but
It is monitored and is had the following problems using borehole stressmeter.
(1) borehole stressmeter is only capable of obtaining the relative changing value of mining induced stress, cannot obtain the absolute value of mining induced stress, difficult
Quantitatively calibrating is carried out with the stress concentration degree to mining induced stress, and borehole stressmeter is generally only capable of monitoring country rock in vertical direction
Stress variation, it is difficult to obtain the variation of stress in three directions.
(2) due to being influenced by factors such as drilling depth, drill hole densities, obtained borehole stressmeter monitoring result is only
It is the scattered value of regional area, is especially influenced by drilling depth, collapse hole etc., is generally only capable of within the scope of monitoring coal seam 30m
Pure stress variation discrete value, the stress of coal seam depth cannot be monitored, it is difficult to which entire working face is supervised in realization
It surveys, the limitation of monitoring result is larger.
(3) needs drilling into coal and rock is monitored using borehole stressmeter, drilling process is to local coal
The stress distribution of rock mass produces influence, and the reliability of obtained stress monitoring result is poor.
Therefore, carrying out mining stress field test using traditional borehole stressmeter has more defect and limitation, difficult
The abnormal area of mining stress field is effectively detected with realizing, to avoid the generation of Coal Mine Disasters.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, which provides one kind, can carry out harmless quantitative survey to the intracorporal three-dimensional mining stress field of coal petrography in front of working face
The method of examination can only carry out the qualitative test of local single direction stress, test to solve conventional borehole stress meter test method
As a result the problems such as dispersion height, poor reliability.
To achieve the above object, technical solution provided by the invention is as follows.
A kind of nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field, including.
According to the working thickness in working face coal seam, buried depth, face length, the monitoring height model of mining stress field is estimated
It encloses；
According to monitoring altitude range, in the haulage drift and return aircourse of working face, at interval of fixed range, using core drill
Machine beats testing bore holes into the coal seam top roof strata in mining stress field monitoring region, coal seam；
The front of position is initially exploited in working face, using stress relief method or hydraulic fracturing test job face production zone
Initial field stress value；
Based on coal rock layer thickness, the results of drilling of lithology and crustal stress value test result, using method for numerical simulation to working face
In the digging process of coal seam, the intracorporal three-dimensional of coal petrography adopts dynamic loading changing rule and carries out numerical simulation analysis, obtains possible coal petrography
Body three directional loads changing rule；
The three directional loads changing rule of the coal and rock obtained with numerical simulation is plus unloads boundary condition, during above-mentioned drill
The coal sample of taking-up, rock sample carry out the testing experiment that true triaxial adds unloading test Yu Elastic Wave Velocity changing rule, obtain three and add
Carry the Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient in direction and the corresponding relationship of stress variation gradient；
Using elastic wave three dimensional CT technology, the elastic wave in square mining stress field monitoring region is in three directions in face of test job
The velocity of wave changing value of (x, y, z)；
Test result is imported into mining stress field data processing system, can obtain mining stress field monitoring in front of working face respectively
Mining induced stress cloud atlas of the region in three directions can obtain working face by the resultant force of the mining induced stress in three directions of calculating
The synthesis cloud atlas of front mining induced stress.
Preferably, the monitoring point of the initial field stress value should be located in front of working face not by the region of mining influence
It is interior, and the region is also located in the regional scope of mining stress field monitoring for the first time, be may be generally disposed at working face and is just adopted in front of position
Within the scope of 100~150m.
Preferably, the corresponding relationship of the Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient and stress variation gradient generally uses true three
Axis adds unloading test and Elastic Wave Velocity testing experiment to obtain stress-velocity of wave-strain curve of coal and rock；Since engineering is existing
The uncertainty of field coal petrography hydrodynamic properties, every kind of coal petrography sample at least need to do five groups of tests, then seek five groups of test results
Corresponding relationship value of the average value as Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient and stress variation gradient.
Preferably, the elastic wave three dimensional CT technology includes:
Using haulage drift as the emission source of elastic wave, using return aircourse as the receiving point of elastic wave, respectively in haulage drift
Emit elastic wave by certain time interval from top to bottom in lateral slot, coal bed drilling, while all in return aircourse
Elastic wave is received in lateral slot, coal bed drilling；
Using return aircourse as the emission source of elastic wave, using haulage drift as the receiving point of elastic wave, in return aircourse according to
Secondary transmitting elastic wave, and elastic wave is received in haulage drift；
According to formula, after calculating each launch point sending elastic wave, all receiving points receive for the first time
To the time of the elastic wave；In formula,For i-th of propagation path of elastic wave；For in test section
Acoustic wave's slowness；It is for coordinate valueElastic wave velocity；
According to the received multi-group data of receiving point, will be adopted using least square method (LSQR) or simultaneous iterative reconstruc tion technique (SIRT)
Stress field monitoring region carries out three dimensional network and formats, and the three-dimensional velocity of wave of mining stress field monitoring region arbitrary mess point is calculated
Changing value.
Preferably, the receiving point of the emission source of the elastic wave and elastic wave, when being all made of computer program and being emitted
Sequence and received automatic control.
Preferably, the mining stress field data processing system, comprising:
According to the corresponding relationship of the Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient of acquisition and stress variation gradient, to using elastic wave three dimensional CT skill
The three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value that art obtains matches stress variation value；
Stress variation value is matched for the three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value of initial field stress test point, and the initial field stress value of acquisition is made
On the basis of be worth, according to the matched stress variation value of three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value, the three-dimensional of inverting mining stress field test zone is adopted
Stress value is realized and is tested the harmless quantitative of three-dimensional mining stress field in front of working face；
Three-dimensional mining induced stress value in front of the working face finally obtained is imported mapping software automatically by the system, draws work automatically
The variation cloud atlas of square three-dimensional mining stress field in front.
The nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field provided by the invention, may be implemented to before working face
The square intracorporal three-dimensional mining stress field of coal petrography carries out Quantitative Monitoring, and it is discrete measuring point value that monitoring result, which is not, but even
Continuous mining stress field, test method do not need to beat deep drill into working face coal seam, realize lossless, Quantitative Monitoring, solution
It is discrete that conventional borehole of having determined stress meter test method can only carry out the qualitative test of local single direction mining induced stress, test result
The problems such as degree height, poor reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical solution in order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly or in the prior art to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is only this that interior attached drawing, which is described below,
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of working face three-dimensional mining stress field nondestructive quantitative measuring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is elastic wave three dimensional CT technology point layout schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is A-A diagrammatic cross-section.
Fig. 4 is elastic wave three dimensional CT technical testing flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of data processing figure of mining stress field data processing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing to the present invention
Specific embodiment be described in detail.
The present invention, which provides one kind, can carry out harmless quantitative survey to the intracorporal three-dimensional mining stress field of coal petrography in front of working face
The method of examination can only carry out the qualitative test of local single direction stress, test to solve conventional borehole stress meter test method
As a result the problems such as dispersion height, poor reliability.
Specifically, the nondestructive quantitative measuring method of the working face three-dimensional mining stress field, referring to Fig. 1, including.
S101 estimates the prison in the direction mining stress field z according to the working thickness in working face coal seam, buried depth, face length
Survey altitude range；
In the specific implementation process, generally monitoring altitude range is the basic roof strata from roadway floor to coal seam top,
Coal seam thickness range can also be only monitored according to actual needs；Monitoring length is generally sectional monitoring, and first section length is generally work
Side 150m in face of making, then as working face every propulsion 50m forward, then monitoring range also accordingly extends forward 50m, finally realizes edge
The overall length monitoring in entire advance of the face direction.
S102, according to monitoring altitude range, in the haulage drift 2 and return aircourse 3 of working face 1, at interval of a spacing
From, monitoring is beaten into the coal seam top roof strata in mining stress field monitoring region 4, coal seam using core drilling rig and is drilled, transport
Tunnel 2 is identical as the bore arrangement mode in return aircourse 3, bore arrangement mode, coordinate direction setting referring to fig. 2, Fig. 3；
In the specific implementation process, generally along advance of the face length direction (direction y), at interval of 5~10m to roof strata
Vertical drilling 5 is beaten, and in drilling process, is not spaced 2m and is taken the least important seat at a square table using slotting drill bit to slot 6；Along coal seam thickness direction, one
As coal bed drilling 7 is beaten into coal seam at interval of 2m, drilling depth is generally no greater than 5m；Normal drilling process is all made of core drilling rig
It drills, and obtains the core of each drilling respectively.
S103 initially exploits the front of position in working face, using stress relief method or hydraulic fracturing test job face
The initial field stress value of production zone；
In the specific implementation process, the test point of crustal stress should be located at not by the region of mining influence in front of working face, and
The region is also located in the range of three-dimensional mining stress field monitoring for the first time, i.e. detecting earth stress point is both not affected by mining influence, but
Simultaneously also in elastic wave testing for the first time in the range of, the general position fetch bit initially exploits 100 in front of position in working face~
Within the scope of 150m.
S104, based on coal rock layer thickness, the results of drilling of lithology and crustal stress value test result, using numerical simulation side
Method adopts dynamic loading changing rule to the three-dimensional of working face coal seam digging process and carries out numerical simulation analysis, obtains possible coal and rock
Three directional loads changing rule；
In the specific implementation process, seam mining is generally carried out using FLAC3D or 3DEC isolith geotechnique journey numerical simulation software
The numerical simulation analysis of process, with obtain it is possible in working face coal and rock adopt dynamic loading changing rule, the rule be only one
The analogue value under kind ideal conditions, cannot directly react the intracorporal true stress field changing rule of coal petrography, but can be used as experiment
Room coal and rock dynamic characteristic test adds unloading boundary condition.
The three directional loads changing rule of S105, the coal and rock obtained with numerical simulation are plus unload boundary condition, to above-mentioned
The coal sample of taking-up, rock sample carry out the testing experiment that true triaxial adds unloading test Yu Elastic Wave Velocity changing rule during drilling,
Obtain the Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient of three loading directions and the corresponding relationship of stress variation gradient；
In the specific implementation process, true triaxial, which generally can be used, adds unloading test and Elastic Wave Velocity testing experiment to obtain coal petrography
Stress-velocity of wave-strain curve of body, by carrying out calculating analysis to the relation curve, it can be deduced that Elastic Wave Velocity becomes
Change the corresponding relationship of gradient and stress variation gradient；It is every kind general due to the uncertainty of engineering site coal petrography hydrodynamic properties
Coal petrography sample at least needs to do five groups of tests, then by five groups of test results average as Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient with answer
The corresponding relationship value of power variable gradient.
S106, using elastic wave three dimensional CT technology, the elastic wave in square mining stress field monitoring region 4 in face of test job
In the velocity of wave changing value of three directions (x, y, z).
Test result is imported mining stress field data processing system, using the method for interpolation calculation, Ke Yifen by S107
Do not show that mining stress field monitoring region 4 passes through three directions of calculating in the mining induced stress cloud atlas in three directions in front of working face
Mining induced stress resultant force, it can be deduced that the synthesis cloud atlas of mining induced stress in front of working face.
The elastic wave three dimensional CT technology mentioned in above-described embodiment, referring to fig. 4, to the measuring and calculation mistake of Elastic Wave Velocity
Cheng Wei.
S201 is the receiving point of elastic wave with return aircourse 3 firstly, being the emission source of elastic wave with haulage drift 2, point
Emit elastic wave by certain time interval from top to bottom in lateral slot 6, coal bed drilling 7 not in haulage drift 2, simultaneously
Elastic wave is received in all lateral slots, coal bed drilling in return aircourse 3；
In the specific implementation process, generally by haulage drift 2 vertical drilling 5 and corresponding multiple coal bed drillings 7 make
For one group of drilling, shooting sequence is to emit elastic wave at a fixed time interval in each drilling from top to bottom, and along work
Make face direction of propulsion, every group of drilling successively emits elastic wave by said sequence, and all transverse grooves in return aircourse 3 simultaneously
Elastic wave is received in hole, coal bed drilling；Its elastic wave emission process and DRP data reception process generally use computer program certainly
Dynamic control is completed.
S202, then, the emission source by return aircourse 3 as elastic wave, the reception by haulage drift 2 as elastic wave
Point successively emits elastic wave by the elastic wave shooting sequence and method of S201 in return aircourse 3, and inscribed in haulage drift 2
Receive elastic wave.
S203, according to formula, after calculating each launch point sending elastic wave, all receptions
Point receives the time of the elastic wave for the first time.In formula,For i-th of propagation path of elastic wave；
For the acoustic wave's slowness in test section；It is for coordinate valueElastic wave velocity.
S204, according to the received multi-group data of receiving point, using least square method (LSQR) or simultaneous iterative reconstruc tion technique
(SIRT) mining stress field can be monitored to region progress three dimensional network to format, and the mining stress field monitoring any net in region is calculated
The three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value of lattice point.
In the specific implementation process, the three dimensional network lattice point velocity of wave changing value that difference calculation method will acquire generally can be used
Reasonable difference calculating is carried out, and the three-dimensional velocity of wave for obtaining monitoring region respectively changes cloud atlas.
The mining stress field data processing system mentioned in above-described embodiment, referring to Fig. 5, at the data of test result
It manages principle and process is as follows.
S301, firstly, according to the corresponding relationship of the Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient of above-mentioned acquisition and stress variation gradient, it is right
Stress variation value is matched using the three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value that elastic wave three dimensional CT technology obtains；
In the specific implementation process, generally unloading test and Elastic Wave Velocity testing experiment is added to obtain to obtain coal and rock true triaxial
Stress-velocity of wave-strain curve is finely divided, and B key is set by Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient value, by stress variation gradient
It is set as S value, obtains the B-S key-value pair of Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient Yu stress variation gradient, database is stored in, using program
The three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value that the method for lookup easily, can be obtained efficiently matches stress variation value.
Then S302 is that the three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value of above-mentioned detecting earth stress point matches stress variation value, and will use and answer
The initial field stress value that power overcoring method or hydraulic fracturing test obtain is matched according to three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value as a reference value
Stress variation value, the three-dimensional mining induced stress value of inverting mining stress field test zone are realized to adopt three-dimensional in front of working face and be answered
The harmless quantitative in the field of force is tested；
In the specific implementation process, the intracorporal Elastic Wave Velocity of general coal petrography is slack-off, then it represents that the damage such as crack occurs in coal and rock
Wound deformation, i.e., coal and rock is in unloaded state, at this point, to test the initial field stress value obtained as a reference value, by the benchmark
Value subtracts the matched stress variation value of velocity of wave changing value, it can obtains the practical mining induced stress value changed the time；According to three directions
Initial field stress value test result and three directions velocity of wave variation test result and matched stress value result of variations,
The measured value of three-dimensional mining induced stress in front of working face can be obtained by inverting.
S303, finally, the system automatically by three-dimensional mining induced stress value in front of the working face finally obtained import Surfer or
Origin mapping software, the automatic variation cloud atlas for drawing three-dimensional mining stress field in front of working face.
In addition, the present invention can be equally used for the stress of large-scale three dimensional similarity simulation experiment, strain monitoring, large size three is solved
The problem of dimension similarity simulation experiment is difficult to realize stress field real-time testing.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not intended to limit the present invention in any form.Though
So the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment, and however, it is not intended to limit the invention.It is any to be familiar with those skilled in the art
Member, without departing from the scope of the technical proposal of the invention, may be by the methods and technical content of the disclosure above to this hair
Bright technical solution makes many possible changes and modifications or equivalent example modified to equivalent change.Therefore, all not take off
Content from technical solution of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention it is made to the above embodiment it is any it is simple modification, etc.
With variation and modification, all of which are still within the scope of protection of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field characterized by comprising
According to the working thickness in working face coal seam, buried depth, face length, the monitoring altitude range of mining stress field is estimated；
According to monitoring altitude range, in the haulage drift and return aircourse of the working face in mining stress field monitoring region, every
Every fixed range, testing bore holes are beaten into the roof strata on coal seam top, coal seam using core drilling rig；
The front of position is initially exploited in working face, using stress relief method or hydraulic fracturing test job face production zone
Initial field stress value；
Based on coal rock layer thickness, the results of drilling of lithology and crustal stress value test result, using method for numerical simulation to working face
In the digging process of coal seam, the intracorporal three-dimensional of coal petrography adopts dynamic loading changing rule and carries out numerical simulation analysis, obtains possible coal petrography
Body three directional loads changing rule；
The three directional loads changing rule of the coal and rock obtained with numerical simulation is plus unloads boundary condition, during above-mentioned drill
The coal sample of taking-up, rock sample carry out the testing experiment that true triaxial adds unloading test Yu Elastic Wave Velocity changing rule, obtain three and add
Carry the Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient in direction and the corresponding relationship of stress variation gradient；
Using elastic wave three dimensional CT technology, the elastic wave in square mining stress field monitoring region is in three directions in face of test job
The velocity of wave changing value of (x, y, z)；
Test result is imported into mining stress field data processing system, can obtain mining stress field monitoring in front of working face respectively
Mining induced stress cloud atlas of the region in three directions can obtain working face by the resultant force of the mining induced stress in three directions of calculating
The synthesis cloud atlas of front three-dimensional mining induced stress resultant force.
2. the nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The monitoring point for the initial field stress value stated should be located at not by the region of mining influence in front of working face, and the region is also located at head
In secondary mining stress field monitoring regional scope, it may be generally disposed at working face and just adopt in front of position within the scope of 100~150m.
3. the nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The corresponding relationship of the Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient and stress variation gradient stated generally adds unloading test and elasticity using true triaxial
The test of wave wave velocity testing obtains stress-velocity of wave-strain curve of coal and rock；Due to engineering site coal petrography hydrodynamic properties
Uncertainty, every kind of coal petrography sample at least need to do five groups of tests, and then five groups of test results are averaged as elastic wave wave
The corresponding relationship value of fast variable gradient and stress variation gradient.
4. the nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating elastic wave three dimensional CT technology includes:
Using haulage drift as the emission source of elastic wave, using return aircourse as the receiving point of elastic wave, respectively in haulage drift
Emit elastic wave by certain time interval from top to bottom in lateral slot, coal bed drilling, while all in return aircourse
Elastic wave is received in lateral slot, coal bed drilling；
Using return aircourse as the emission source of elastic wave, using haulage drift as the receiving point of elastic wave, in return aircourse according to
Secondary transmitting elastic wave, and elastic wave is received in haulage drift；
According to formula, after calculating each launch point sending elastic wave, all receiving points receive for the first time
The time of the elastic wave；In formula,For i-th of propagation path of elastic wave；For in test section
Acoustic wave's slowness；It is for coordinate valueElastic wave velocity；
According to the received multi-group data of receiving point, will be adopted using least square method (LSQR) or simultaneous iterative reconstruc tion technique (SIRT)
Stress field monitoring region carries out three dimensional network and formats, and the three-dimensional velocity of wave of mining stress field monitoring region arbitrary mess point is calculated
Changing value.
5. elastic wave three dimensional CT technology according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the emission source and elasticity of the elastic wave
The receiving point of wave is all made of computer program and carries out transmitting timing and received automatic control.
6. the nondestructive quantitative measuring method of working face three-dimensional mining stress field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The mining stress field data processing system stated, comprising:
According to the corresponding relationship of the Elastic Wave Velocity variable gradient of acquisition and stress variation gradient, to using elastic wave three dimensional CT skill
The three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value that art obtains matches stress variation value；
Stress variation value is matched for the three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value of initial field stress test point, and the initial field stress value of acquisition is made
On the basis of be worth, according to the matched stress variation value of three-dimensional velocity of wave changing value, the three-dimensional of inverting mining stress field test zone is adopted
Stress value is realized and is tested the harmless quantitative of three-dimensional mining stress field in front of working face；
Three-dimensional mining induced stress value in front of the working face finally obtained is imported mapping software automatically by the system, draws work automatically
The variation cloud atlas of square three-dimensional mining stress field in front.
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| CN111380638A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-07 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for improving actual measurement precision of mining induced stress |
| CN112014018A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-01 | 西南交通大学 | Stress field measuring method based on ultrasonic tomography |
| CN112364513A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-12 | 重庆大学 | Method for defining coal bed gas reservoir range of coal mining stable area |
| CN113008125A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-22 | 安徽省交通控股集团有限公司 | Tunnel surrounding rock internal deformation monitoring method |
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