CN102636250A - Optical fiber vector vibration sensor - Google Patents
Optical fiber vector vibration sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber vector vibration sensor. The optical fiber vector vibration sensor comprises a broadband light source, a polarization control unit, a sensing probe and an orthogonal polarization demodulation unit, wherein the polarization control unit comprises a polarizer and a polarization controller; the sensing probe comprises a multi-mode tilted optical fiber grating, a cladding layer-fiber core energy recoupling structure and a polymer elastic tube; the multi-mode tilted optical fiber grating and the cladding layer-fiber core energy recoupling structure are encapsulated in the polymer elastic tube and used for sensing environment vibration information; the multi-mode tilted optical fiber grating is made of a multi-mode optical fiber; the cladding layer-fiber core energy recoupling structure is welded in a manner of axially aligning multi-mode and single-mode optical cores; the orthogonal polarization demodulation unit comprises a polarization beam splitter, a filter and a photoelectric detector; and the polarization control unit, the sensing probe and the orthogonal polarization demodulation unit are connected by virtue of an optical fiber circulator or a coupler. The optical fiber vector vibration sensor disclosed by the invention can recognize two-dimensional vibration direction based on single optical fiber grating, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, compact structure, low cost and easiness for networking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vibrating sensing appearance design field, particularly a kind of cross polarization optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance of discerning direction of vibration.
Background technology
Vibration transducer has a wide range of applications in fields such as fabric structure health detection, earthquake disaster prevention, oil and gas exploration and national defense safety monitorings; For example:, thereby realize timely diagnosis to its health status through the structural deformation of real-time detection large scale civil engineering (bridge, tunnel, dam etc.); Through record focus, research earth ' s internal structure and PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SEISMIC, realize prediction about imminent earthquakes; Through surveying the artificial vibrations elastic wave that surface reflections or refraction cause through the rock stratum, can be familiar with subsurface geological structure to seek hydrocarbon trap, realize that oil gas stores exploration; Through the ground wave that the detecting intrusion target causes, realize the monitoring of Target Recognition and early warning security.Therefore, the vibration transducer market space is very huge.
Existing seismoreceiver mainly is based on electrical principles and designs and produces and form; As the micro sensing chip that utilizes advanced microsystem (MEMS) to process; Convert the milli machine vibration information into voltage signal; Record change in voltage through the electronics means, realize the seismic signal measurement thus.This type of electronic vibration sensor can be divided into moving-coil type, eddy current type, piezoelectric type, pressure resistance type etc. on principle of work; But ubiquity following point: be subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI); Particularly electronics device is prone to produce electric spark, has potential safety hazard when in petroleum exploration domain, using.
Optical fiber sensing technology is physical medium with optical fiber, is information carrier with the light wave; Have small and exquisite, highly sensitive, the anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) of structure, good insulating, corrosion-resistant, essential safety and be convenient to the multiple spot networking and advantage such as remote remote measurement, be very suitable for being applied in the field that some traditional sensors are restricted.Fibre Optical Sensor can be divided into intensity modulation type, interfere type, grating type optical fiber, optical-fiber laser type etc. according to its sensor mechanism.Because it has above advantage, thereby obtains more and more widely research and application.
Through nearly 30 years development; The optical fiber vibration sensing technology has obtained development faster; The sensing principle of various novelties and new structural design are in the news and are applied to actual test environment, are representative with intensity modulation type, interfere type, grating type optical fiber, optical-fiber laser type especially wherein.Yet the sensor of having reported can be worked under the situation that limits the vibration-sensing direction well, can satisfy under the general occasion specifying the needs of determinand structure or operating condition monitoring.But for complicated monitoring targets (for example seismic event monitoring) such as unknown vibration source, vibration source variation or multi-source vibrations, crucial effects is played in the accurate identification of direction of vibration, promptly realizes the vibration vector sensing.The three-component vibration transducer of having reported needs three independently sensing units (for example fibre optic interferometer, fiber grating) usually, and sensing three-dimensional orthogonal oscillating component information has obtained gratifying progress respectively.But this type of sensor adopts knockdown strain transferring structure usually, is difficult to realize the microminiaturization and the embedded sensing of sensor; Problem such as in addition, noise crosstalk interference, the power division between three independent sensing units is unbalanced, phase place is inconsistent is that the accurate identification of direction of vibration brings difficulty.
For example; 2007; You branch school, gulf D.H.Kim of California, USA university etc. has reported a kind of fibre optic accelerometer (D.H.Kim based on the modulation of double grating transmitted light intensity; M.Q.Feng.Real-time structural health monitoring using a novel fiber-optic accelerometer system [J] .IEEE Sens.J., 2007,7 (4): 536～543).Its method is that one on two gratings are fixed on the accelerometer shell wall, and another is fixed on the mass.Under oscillating action, two gratings relatively move, and the light intensity through grating changes thereupon, thus the acceleration of detectable vibration.Cost is surveyed in this method demodulation, but multiplexing capacity is poor, and sensor construction is complicated, and volume is big, and is not easy of integration, and the light source output jitter directly influences result of detection.
And for example, Italian A.Laudati etc. and G.Gagliardi etc. are respectively at reporting the grating type optical fiber seismoreceiver in 2007 and 2008.A.Laudati etc. with the FBG of three wavelength-division multiplex respectively at interval 120 degree be arranged in round tube inner wall, constitute a directive seismoreceiver.Contrast shock-testing result with traditional wave detector is illustrated in the consistent (A.Laudati of frequency response in 0.1～10Hz scope; F.Mennella; M.Giordano et al.; A fiber-optic Bragg grating seismic sensor [J] .IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett., 2007,19 (24): 1991～1993).G.Gagliardi etc. adopt similar sensor construction; On the cylindrical bar of erectting, mass and FBG have been fixed; This system's background noise is higher, and the acceleration of minimum detectable only can reach 0.1mg/Hz (G Gagliardi, M Salza; P Ferraro et al.; Design and test of a laser-based optical-fiber Bragg-grating accelerometer for seismic applications [J] .Meas.Sci.Technol., 2008,19 (8): 085306).These two types of sensors are easy to multiplexing, but sensor construction is complicated, and volume is big, and response sensitivity is lower, and needs Wavelength demodulation, and demodulated equipment is expensive.
Recently; Canada Carleton University J.Albert seminar has reported a kind of method (T.Guo that realizes the high-sensitivity vibration sensing based on inclined optical fiber grating dislocation fusion techniques in 2008; A.Ivanov; C.Chen, and J.Albert.Temperature-independent tilted fiber grating vibration sensor based on cladding-core recoupling, Opt.Lett.33 (9); 2008.) two independently energy outputs of the method fibre-optical probe realization capable of using, be respectively applied for compensation such as vibration information extraction and light source shake.The method can realize the quick real-time demodulation to vibration information, and the demodulation cost is low, but the method still is unrealized to the accurate discriminating of direction of vibration.
Therefore, a kind of high sensitivity optical fiber vector vibration transducer of differentiating direction of vibration and having a multipoint multiplexing ability becomes pressing for of Modern Transducer Technology development and commercial Application.In recent years; Units such as the Tsing-Hua University of China, University Of Tianjin, Semiconductor institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology for National Defence, Nankai University, Zhejiang University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Dalian University of Technology, University Of Chongqing, Shandong University, Northwest University, the China Measures Institute have also carried out correlative study, and have obtained gratifying progress.But but report as yet based on the discernible microminiaturization networking of single optical fiber sensing unit realization multi-dimensional vibration direction sensing technology.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming that fundamental purpose of the present invention is to overcome prior art is with not enough; A kind of optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance is provided; But this sensing appearance can be discerned networking based on microminiaturization, the direction of single optical fiber sensing unit; This device utilizes novel multimode inclined optical fiber grating to survey and can independent perception vibrate the inclined optical fiber grating cross polarization odd order cladding mode of quadrature component information as sensing unit, employing cross polarization demodulation method, and combines vector to become analytical approach to realize the two-dimension vibration vector measurement based on single optical fiber sensing unit (inclined optical fiber grating).This sensing appearance has the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of not receiving, compact conformation, with low cost, the advantage that is easy to networking.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme: optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance; Comprise wideband light source, Polarization Control unit, sensing probe and cross polarization demodulating unit, said Polarization Control unit, sensing probe and cross polarization demodulating unit three are connected through optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism; Said Polarization Control unit comprises the polarizer and Polarization Controller, and wideband light source, the polarizer and Polarization Controller are connected successively; Said sensing probe comprises supporting member, shell, polymer elasticity pipe, fibre-optical probe and optic fibre wire; Said fibre-optical probe comprises multimode inclined optical fiber grating and cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again; The said polymer elasticity pipe outside is by the shell protection, and polymer elasticity Guan Yiduan is fixed on the supporting member, the unsettled sense vibrations of the other end; Fibre-optical probe is encapsulated in the polymer elasticity pipe, and links to each other with optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism through optic fibre wire; Said cross polarization demodulating unit comprises and being used for surveying polarization beam apparatus that photolysis is a pairwise orthogonal polarization state component, being used for first wave filter and first photodetector, second wave filter and second photodetector that the two parameters of cross polarization detect; First wave filter is connected with first photodetector successively; Second wave filter is connected with second photodetector successively, and first wave filter is connected with the polarization beam apparatus output terminal respectively with second wave filter.
Concrete; Said cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again comprises multimode optical fiber section that is used for the sensitive context vibration information and the single-mode fiber section that is used for conducting forward; The two adopts the multi-mode-single mode fiber core to axially align the mode welding; Form weld in multimode optical fiber section and single-mode fiber section weld, write on the multimode optical fiber section and be shaped on the multimode inclined optical fiber grating.Adopting this structure is to be used to overcome conventional single mode fiber tilt fiber grating low order cladding mode (claiming the Ghost mould again) to be mixed in same wave band, is difficult to distinguish; And discrete each other on spectrum based on the low order cladding mode of the inclined optical fiber grating of multimode optical fiber, parity modes is clear, is convenient to demodulation by filter.
Further, it is the inclination angle grating of 1-3 degree that said multimode inclined optical fiber grating adopts the angle of inclination.This inclination angle scope guarantees that promptly sufficient rudimentary covering mode excitation is used to provide vibration information; Keep stronger fibre core reflection mould to be used to provide ambient temperature information and light intensity calibration simultaneously; And effectively suppressing the high-order cladding mode excites; Make whole grating take narrower bandwidth resources, be beneficial to the wavelength-division multiplex of sensor.
Preferably, the said cladding-to-core energy multimode optical fiber section core diameter in the coupled structure again is 50um, and single-mode fiber section core diameter is between 8～10um.Adopt this structure, need not introducing dislocation or optical fiber and draw extra operations such as awl, avoid introducing excessive splice loss, splice attenuation and unpredictable polarization and disturb, guarantee the physical strength and the polarization stability of weld.The core mode that inclined optical fiber grating in the multimode optical fiber oppositely excites fl transmission is to fibre cladding, and the cladding mode of reverse transfer is coupled in the front end single-mode fiber fibre core through multimode optical fiber-single-mode fiber face of weld once more, and then transfers to detection system.Because ambient vibration to be measured causes the little deformation of fibre-optical probe, the polarization cladding mode energy distribution that causes exciting in the multimode inclined optical fiber grating changes, and then changes the energy that is coupled into single-mode fiber, thereby realizes that the vibration high-sensitivity real-time detects.Adopt the cross polarization demodulation method, can effectively extract the dynamic-change information of orthogonal two orthogonal polarisation state under-clad layer mode coupling energy with the extraneous vibration excitation, synthetic through vector, can obtain direction of vibration information.
Preferably, the weld of multimode optical fiber section and the welding of single-mode fiber section and the spacing between the multimode inclined optical fiber grating are less than 5mm.Because cladding mode loss before getting into fiber core is bigger, so weld should be as far as possible near the multimode inclined optical fiber grating.Spacing is better less than the 5mm effect.
Preferably, said polymer elasticity pipe adopts the high resiliency polythene material.Be packaged in the polymer elasticity pipe because contain the fibre-optical probe of multimode inclined optical fiber grating and weld, so elastic tube requires to have higher elastic returning property and physical strength, and the high resiliency polythene material can finely reach requirement.
Preferably, said polymer elasticity pipe and cladding-to-core energy pass through to solidify adhesive curing in the space between the coupled structure again.For example epoxy acrylic ester gum etc. is passed to the internal optical fiber grating fast and effectively in order to the strain of enhance elasticity pipe, improves the strain consistance.
The course of work of the present invention: wideband light source output light gets into sensing probe through the Polarization Control unit; Comprise the multimode inclined optical fiber grating in the sensing probe; The multimode inclined optical fiber grating can be realized effectively exciting of forward conduction core mode reverse conduction cladding mode, and it excites cladding mode with respect to the vector mask that writes of inclined optical fiber grating extremely strong polarization dependence to be arranged; On this basis; Utilize the fibre core of multimode optical fiber (above write be shaped on inclined optical fiber grating) and single-mode fiber (upper reaches guiding detection optical fiber) to adopt and axially align the mode welding process, multimode sensor fibre inner cladding pattern effectively is coupled into upper reaches single-mode fiber fibre core; Ambient vibration information (amplitude, frequency and direction etc.) acts on multimode inclined optical fiber grating probe, the cladding mode at modulation welding interface and the coupling efficiency between core mode; Through the strange pattern energy of cross polarization of cross polarization method detecting reverse coupling spectrum, realize accurate detection to vibration information (direction, amplitude and frequency).
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, the present invention compares with existing method based on a plurality of fiber gratings or fibre optic interferometer array mode realization direction of vibration sensing, proposes to adopt the cross polarization demodulation method to survey pairwise orthogonal polarization odd order cladding mode component first, realizes the fiber-optic vibration vector measurement.Sensing probe of the present invention is made up of single multimode inclined optical fiber grating, avoids the labyrinth of a plurality of one dimension sensing unit multiple measurement.At present still there is not report based on the vibration vector sensing mode of multimode inclined optical fiber grating.Meanwhile, be different from dislocation burning-on method, the optical fiber reported and draw the awl method, this invention is directly aimed at the no polarization dependence Mode Coupling that the welding mode realizes covering to fibre core based on the multi-mode-single mode fiber core, and is simple to operate, good reproducibility.In addition; This sensing technology adopts small inclination multimode inclined optical fiber grating; Overcome conventional single mode fiber tilt fiber grating low order cladding mode (Ghost mould) and be mixed in same wave band, confirming of being difficult to distinguish; And effectively suppressed exciting of high-order cladding mode, and make single sensing unit take narrower bandwidth resources (several nanometer), can realize the wavelength-division multiplex of sensor.
2, the present invention compares with traditional electrical sensor, because it adopts optical fiber technology, so have advantage such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) of not receiving.
3, the present invention compares with direct intensity modulation type optical fibre vibration sensor; A sensor is independently exported two groups of light intensity energy informations; Wherein the core mode reflected energy is insensitive to vibration information; Therefore can be used as the reference information that is independent of outside the cladding mode energy system's light intensity jitter error is calibrated, effectively overcome source of error, and temperature information can be provided.
4, the present invention compares with the interference-type optical fiber Vib., has to be easy to multiplexing and advantage networking.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of sensing probe in apparatus of the present invention.
Among Fig. 1-2: the 1-wideband light source; The 2-polarizer; The 3-Polarization Controller; The 4-optical fiber circulator; 5-polymer elasticity pipe; 6-single-mode fiber-multimode optical fiber weld; 7-solidifies glue; 8-multimode inclined optical fiber grating; 9-single-mode fiber section; 10-multimode optical fiber section; The 11-polarization beam apparatus; 12-first wave filter; 13-first photodetector; 14-second wave filter; 15-second photodetector; The 16-optic fibre wire.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance comprises wideband light source 1, Polarization Control unit, sensing probe and cross polarization demodulating unit, and said Polarization Control unit, sensing probe and cross polarization demodulating unit three are connected through optical fiber circulator 4; Said Polarization Control unit comprises the polarizer 2 and Polarization Controller 3, and wideband light source 1, the polarizer 2 and Polarization Controller 3 are connected successively; Said sensing probe comprises supporting member, shell, polymer elasticity pipe 5, fibre-optical probe and optic fibre wire 16; Said fibre-optical probe comprises multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 and cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again; Said polymer elasticity pipe 5 outsides are protected by shell, and polymer elasticity pipe 5 one ends are fixed on the supporting member, the unsettled sense vibrations of the other end; Fibre-optical probe is encapsulated in the polymer elasticity pipe 5, and links to each other with optical fiber circulator 4 through optic fibre wire 16; Said cross polarization demodulating unit comprises and being used for surveying polarization beam apparatus 11 that photolysis is a pairwise orthogonal polarization state component, being used for first wave filter 12 that the two parameters of cross polarization detect and first photodetector 13, second wave filter 14 and second photodetector 15; First wave filter 12 is connected with first photodetector 13 successively; Second wave filter 14 is connected with second photodetector 15 successively, and first wave filter 12 is connected with polarization beam apparatus 11 output terminals respectively with second wave filter 14.
As shown in Figure 2; Said cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again comprises multimode optical fiber section 10 that is used for the sensitive context vibration information and the single-mode fiber section 9 that is used for conducting forward; The two adopts the multi-mode-single mode fiber core to axially align the mode welding; Form weld 6 at multimode optical fiber section 10 and single-mode fiber section 9 welds, write on the multimode optical fiber section 10 and be shaped on multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8.Adopt this structure can overcome the problem that conventional single mode fiber tilt fiber grating low order cladding mode is mixed in same wave band, is difficult to distinguish; The inclined optical fiber grating low order cladding mode that makes full use of multimode optical fiber is discrete each other; Parity modes is clear, is convenient to the characteristics of demodulation by filter.
Said multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 employing angles of inclination are the inclination angle grating of 2 degree.
Said cladding-to-core energy is the multimode optical fiber section 10 core diameter 50um in the coupled structure again, and single-mode fiber section 9 core diameters are between 8～10um.Adopting diameter in the present embodiment is 9um.
The weld 6 and the spacing between the multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 of multimode optical fiber section 10 and 9 weldings of single-mode fiber section are 2mm.
Said polymer elasticity pipe 5 adopts the high resiliency polythene material.
Said polymer elasticity pipe 5 and cladding-to-core the energy space between the coupled structure again solidify through solidifying glue 7.Adopt the epoxy acrylic ester gum in the present embodiment, be passed to the internal optical fiber grating fast and effectively, improve the strain consistance in order to the strain of enhance elasticity pipe.
Present embodiment except that following characteristics other structures with embodiment 1: said Polarization Control unit, sensing probe and cross polarization demodulating unit three are connected through coupling mechanism.
Said multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 employing angles of inclination are the inclination angle grating of 3 degree.
The weld 6 and the spacing between the multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 of said multimode optical fiber section 10 and 9 weldings of single-mode fiber section are 3mm.
Present embodiment except that following characteristics other structures with embodiment 1: said multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 employing angles of inclination are the inclination angle grating of 1 degree.
The weld 6 and the spacing between the multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 of said multimode optical fiber section 10 and 9 weldings of single-mode fiber section are 4mm.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; But embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; Other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; All should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance; It is characterized in that; Comprise wideband light source, Polarization Control unit, sensing probe and cross polarization demodulating unit, said Polarization Control unit, sensing probe and cross polarization demodulating unit three are connected through optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism; Said Polarization Control unit comprises the polarizer and Polarization Controller, and wideband light source, the polarizer and Polarization Controller are connected successively; Said sensing probe comprises supporting member, shell, polymer elasticity pipe, fibre-optical probe and optic fibre wire; Said fibre-optical probe comprises multimode inclined optical fiber grating and cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again; The said polymer elasticity pipe outside is by the shell protection, and polymer elasticity Guan Yiduan is fixed on the supporting member, the unsettled sense vibrations of the other end; Fibre-optical probe is encapsulated in the polymer elasticity pipe, and links to each other with optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism through optic fibre wire; Said cross polarization demodulating unit comprises and being used for surveying polarization beam apparatus that photolysis is a pairwise orthogonal polarization state component, being used for first wave filter and first photodetector, second wave filter and second photodetector that the two parameters of cross polarization detect; First wave filter is connected with first photodetector successively; Second wave filter is connected with second photodetector successively, and first wave filter is connected with the polarization beam apparatus output terminal respectively with second wave filter.
2. optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again comprises multimode optical fiber section that is used for the sensitive context vibration information and the single-mode fiber section that is used for conducting forward; The two adopts the multi-mode-single mode fiber core to axially align the mode welding, forms weld in multimode optical fiber section and single-mode fiber section weld, writes on the multimode optical fiber section and is shaped on the multimode inclined optical fiber grating.
3. optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance according to claim 2 is characterized in that, it is the inclination angle grating of 1-3 degree that said multimode inclined optical fiber grating adopts the angle of inclination.
4. optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said cladding-to-core energy is the multimode optical fiber section core diameter 50um in the coupled structure again, and single-mode fiber section core diameter is between 8～10um.
5. optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the weld and the spacing between the multimode inclined optical fiber grating of said multimode optical fiber section and the welding of single-mode fiber section are less than 5mm.
6. optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said polymer elasticity pipe adopts the high resiliency polythene material.
7. optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said polymer elasticity pipe and cladding-to-core the energy space between the coupled structure again pass through to solidify adhesive curing.
8. optical fiber vector vibration sensing appearance according to claim 7 is characterized in that said curing glue is the epoxy acrylic ester gum.
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