CN104199086A - Single-component fiber-optic geophone, three-component fiber-optic microseismic geophone comprising same and three-component fiber-optic microseismic detection array also comprising same - Google Patents
Single-component fiber-optic geophone, three-component fiber-optic microseismic geophone comprising same and three-component fiber-optic microseismic detection array also comprising same Download PDFInfo
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- CN104199086A CN104199086A CN201410493996.4A CN201410493996A CN104199086A CN 104199086 A CN104199086 A CN 104199086A CN 201410493996 A CN201410493996 A CN 201410493996A CN 104199086 A CN104199086 A CN 104199086A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single-component fiber-optic geophone, a three-component fiber-optic microseismic geophone comprising the same and a three-component fiber-optic microseismic detection array also comprising the same, belongs to the technical field of fiber-optic sensors and aims to solve the problems that an unground system of the existing fiber-optic geophone is complex, the existing fiber-optic geophone is low in sensitivity and sensors are large in size. The single-component fiber-optic geophone is characterized in that two fiber Bragg gratings and a fiber coil form a fiber grating F-P (Fabry-Perot) cavity structure; sensitivity of the geophone is effectively improved. A faraday rotator mirror is replaced by low-reflectivity FBGs (fiber Bragg gratings) serving as a reflector; the structure is greatly simplified. In addition, compared with the traditional fiber Bragg grating with the F-P cavity, the single-component fiber-optic geophone has high sensitivity. The single-component fiber-optic geophone is applicable to microseismic monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fiber optic sensor technology field, relate in particular to a kind of optical fiber detector.
Background technology
Current, it is fewer and feweri that China drops into the middle and high perviousness oil gas field of developing, and low permeability oil field is more and more, and undeveloped reserves major part concentrates in low permeability reservoir.So whether succeeding in developing of low permeability oil field is closely related with the development of China Petroleum.In the performance historyes such as low-permeability oil gas field, fine and close oil reservoir, shale gas, pressure break is the important measures of volume increase, and the orientation of crack that pressure break produces and natural fracture and scale are the important reference that well pattern is disposed.
Conventional Fracturing Monitoring technology, as pressure break monitoring technology such as inclination measurement, temperature survey, radioactivity survey, potential methods, all there is the limitation of himself, can not monitor completely the length in crack, highly, width, position angle, and more difficult to three high Oil/gas Wells tests of high temperature, high pressure, high hydrogen sulfide.Microseism technology based on Fibre Optical Sensor can realize the precise monitoring of formation fractures, the microearthquake ripple that microseismic brings out in fracturing process by lay wave detector monitoring fractured well in offset well, and then geometric configuration and the spatial in description crack, the geometric parameter in crack in Real-Time Monitoring fracturing process.Microseismic precision based on Fibre Optical Sensor is high, and antijamming capability is stronger, and is applicable to the complex hole condition such as three high Oil/gas Wells.
Nearly 20 for many years, and various types of Fibre Optical Sensors are used to seismic event monitoring, obtained at present many laboratory results and the application of some business.Can be divided into according to its sensor mechanism: intensity modulation type, grating type optical fiber, interfere type, optical-fiber laser type and profile etc.Intensity modulation type optical fiber seismic event transducer sensitivity is conventionally lower, is difficult to realize the detection of slight earthquake signal, and the stability of light source has been proposed to high requirement; The wave detector sensor performance of fiber grating is lower, and affected by temperature and stress cross sensitivity; Seismoreceiver based on fibre optic interferometer is that development is at present the most ripe, a kind of optical fiber seismic event Detection Techniques of better performances, and the common fibre optic interferometer of surveying for seismic event mainly comprises Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Michelson interferometer and Fabry-Perot interferometer etc.; Optical fiber detector based on Michelson interferometer is two arm transmission, needs coupling mechanism and faraday rotation mirror, causes downhole system very complicated, light path complexity, and poor reliability, sensor bulk is large; Optical fiber detector based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer is two arm transmission, and each interferometer needs two coupling mechanisms, and downhole system is equally very complicated, and sensor bulk is large.Fabry-Perot interferometer adopts fiber F-P cavity structure, makes difficulty, and chamber is shorter, is unsuitable for fiber F-P cavity (FFP chamber) physical strength that the measuring accuracy that reaches higher and traditional welding mode make low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve system complex under existing fiber Wave detector well, sensitivity is low and sensor bulk is large problem, the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that simple component optical fiber detector is now provided and contains this wave detector and three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array.
Simple component optical fiber detector, it comprises: an end frame, No. two end framves, a rubber column, No. two rubber columns, mass, fiber optic coils, a fiber grating and No. two fiber gratings;
One end of one end of a rubber column and No. two rubber columns is separately fixed on two faces that mass is parallel to each other, the other end of a rubber column is fixed on a side of an end frame, the other end of No. two rubber columns is fixed on a side of No. two end framves, fiber optic coils is wrapped in the surface of No. two rubber columns, one end of fiber optic coils connects one end of a fiber grating, and the other end of fiber optic coils connects one end of No. two fiber gratings.
The three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector, it comprises: three simple component optical fiber detectors,
A fiber grating of first simple component optical fiber detector connects a fiber grating of second simple component optical fiber detector, and another fiber grating of second simple component optical fiber detector connects a fiber grating of the 3rd simple component optical fiber detector,
The tail optical fiber of another fiber grating of first simple component optical fiber detector is as the demodulated equipment link of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector,
The tail optical fiber of another fiber grating of the 3rd simple component optical fiber detector is as the tail optical fiber of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector;
In described three simple component optical fiber detectors, the central shaft of rubber column is mutually vertical, and in described three simple component optical fiber detectors, the centre wavelength of fiber grating is all not identical.
Three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array, it comprises: n three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector, wherein n=4,5,6...;
The tail optical fiber of i three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector connects the demodulated equipment link of i+1 three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector, i=2, and 3 ... n-1,
The tail optical fiber of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that n contains simple component optical fiber detector is as the tail optical fiber of three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array,
The demodulated equipment link of the 1st three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector is as the demodulated equipment link of three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array.
Simple component optical fiber detector of the present invention, by the fiber Bragg grating F-P cavity configuration of two fiber gratings and fiber optic coils composition, effectively improve the sensitivity of wave detector, the present invention utilizes antiradar reflectivity FBG to substitute faraday rotation mirror as catoptron, have the luminous energy distributional effects of coupling mechanism simultaneously concurrently, greatly simplify the structure, this double grating structure has been inherited FBG and has been convenient to manufacture, advantage simple in structure, wavelength-division multiplex ability is strong.And compared with the dissipative type short cavity of conventional optical fibers grating F-P cavity configuration, it can adopt very long chamber to obtain high sensitivity; It directly scribes the FFP chamber making with traditional welding mode grating higher physical strength can be provided in optical fiber.In addition, down-hole, without power supply, has good stability and reliability.
The three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector of the present invention, respectively the vibration signal in three mutually perpendicular directions on space is gathered by three simple component optical fiber detectors, because phase changing capacity and accekeration have definite relation, by the measurement of the time to the variation of F-P chamber interferometric phase phase place, the moment can obtain accurately vibration wave arrival wave detector time.
Three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array of the present invention, can be used for detecting seismic event, can also go into the well with oil pipe, be used for detecting the microearthquake signal in well fracturing operation process, determine source location and carry out crack imaging, obtain the parameter of crack in three directions in space.Three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array of the present invention has been realized large-scale network-estabilishing, has been reduced the complexity of downhole system, and down-hole is without power supply, has good stability and reliability.
The present invention is applicable to microearthquake to monitor.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the simple component optical fiber detector described in embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is the mass inertia model schematic diagram of simple component optical fiber detector;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector described in embodiment six.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1, simple component optical fiber detector described in present embodiment, it comprises: end frame 1-1, No. two end frame 1-2, rubber column 2-1, No. two rubber column 2-2, mass 3, fiber optic coils 4, fiber grating 5-1 and No. two fiber grating 5-2;
One end of one end of a rubber column 2-1 and No. two rubber column 2-2 is separately fixed on two faces that mass 3 is parallel to each other, the other end of a rubber column 2-1 is fixed on a side of an end frame 1-1, the other end of No. two rubber column 2-2 is fixed on a side of No. two end frame 1-2, fiber optic coils 4 is wrapped in the surface of No. two rubber column 2-2, one end of fiber optic coils 4 connects one end of a fiber grating 5-1, and the other end of fiber optic coils 4 connects one end of No. two fiber grating 5-2.
Fiber grating 5-1 and No. two fiber grating 5-2 are connected to the two ends of fiber optic coils 4, No. one fiber grating 5-1, fiber optic coils 4 and No. two fiber grating 5-2 form fiber Bragg grating F-P (Fabry Paro) chamber jointly, it is long that the length of fiber optic coils 4 is the chamber in F-P chamber, fiber optic coils 4 is wrapped on No. two rubber column 2-2, in the time that mass 3 is subject to ectocine vibration, drive No. two rubber column 2-2 produce compression or stretch, be wound in No. two fiber optic coils 4 on rubber column 2-2 and produce cooperative transformation, the chamber length in fiber Bragg grating F-P chamber changes.
By changing shape and the weight of mass, can make simple component optical fiber detector difference according to actual needs reach different sensitivity.
Simple component optical fiber detector described in present embodiment, in the time of practical application, by end frame to be threaded or bonding mode is fixed in oil pipe.In the time having vibration signal, because mass and rubber column are connected, so mass can or be said the axial vibration that is parallel to rubber column perpendicular to rubber column circular end surface, rubber column is because the effect that is subject to mass is also vibrated at axial direction, thereby drive the fiber optic coils being wrapped on rubber column to produce collaborative deformation, cause the variation that chamber, fiber Bragg grating F-P chamber is long, and then light path also can change, F-P chamber interferometric phase just changes with extraneous vibration signal, and this phase changing capacity and accekeration have definite relation, by the measurement of the time to this phase place variation, can know moment when vibration wave arrives wave detector.
Present embodiment is by the fiber Bragg grating F-P cavity configuration of two fiber gratings and fiber optic coils composition, effectively improve the sensitivity of wave detector, the present invention utilizes antiradar reflectivity FBG to substitute faraday rotation mirror as catoptron, have the luminous energy distributional effects of coupling mechanism simultaneously concurrently, greatly simplify the structure.
Meanwhile, compared with the dissipative type short cavity of traditional F FP cavity configuration, it can adopt very long chamber to obtain high sensitivity; With the FFP chamber that traditional welding mode is made, it directly scribes grating in optical fiber can provide higher physical strength.
Fig. 2 is the mass inertia model schematic diagram of simple component optical fiber detector, and described mass inertia model comprises inertial mass 900, two elastic bodys 600 and pedestals 100, and this mass inertia model is a kind of second order single-mode system.
A rubber column 2-1 in the present invention, No. two rubber column 2-2 and fiber optic coils 4 are equivalent to two elastic bodys 600, and mass 3 is equivalent to 900, numbers end frame 1-1 of inertial mass and No. two end frame 1-2 are equivalent to pedestal 100.
The mechanics principle of simple component optical fiber detector is mainly based on mass inertia model, in the ideal case, the mass inertia system that each simple component optical fiber detector is exactly a standard, in the time carrying out vibrating sensing, sensor outer housing is fixed on object under test, vibration makes to produce relative motion between sensor outer housing and inertial mass body, the displacement that this relative motion produces causes elastic body to produce deformation, strain is applied on fiber optic coils, cause that the light wave in optical fiber produces phase place variation, this phase changing capacity and accekeration have definite relation, by the measurement of the time to this phase place variation, can know moment when vibration wave arrives wave detector.
Embodiment two: present embodiment is that the simple component optical fiber detector described in embodiment one is described further, in present embodiment, a described fiber grating 5-1 is identical with the centre wavelength of No. two fiber grating 5-2.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is that the simple component optical fiber detector described in embodiment one is described further, in present embodiment, being shaped as of described mass 3 is cube shaped or cylindrical, and the face area that this mass 3 contacts with two rubber columns is greater than the face area of two rubber columns.
Embodiment four: present embodiment is that the simple component optical fiber detector described in embodiment one is described further, in present embodiment, the shape of a rubber column 2-1 and No. two rubber column 2-2 is cylindrical, and the material of a rubber column 2-1 and No. two rubber column 2-2 is the only material to axial stress sensitivity.
The shape of a rubber column 2-1 and No. two rubber column 2-2 is cylindrical, so that winding optical fiber coil 4.The material of a rubber column 2-1 and No. two rubber column 2-2 is the only material to axial stress sensitivity.Two rubber columns are ensured the quality of products piece together in rubber column axial vibration.
Embodiment five: present embodiment is that the simple component optical fiber detector described in embodiment four is described further, in present embodiment, described is only silicon rubber to the material of axial stress sensitivity.
Silicon rubber described in present embodiment, has taken into account less temperature variation characteristic and higher vibration sensing, makes the simple component optical fiber detector can be sensitiveer, thereby improves precision.
Embodiment six: illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 3, the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains the simple component optical fiber detector described in embodiment one described in present embodiment, it comprises: three simple component optical fiber detectors,
A fiber grating of first simple component optical fiber detector connects a fiber grating of second simple component optical fiber detector,
Another fiber grating of second simple component optical fiber detector connects a fiber grating of the 3rd simple component optical fiber detector,
The tail optical fiber of another fiber grating of first simple component optical fiber detector is as the demodulated equipment link of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector,
The tail optical fiber of another fiber grating of the 3rd simple component optical fiber detector is as the tail optical fiber of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector;
In described three simple component optical fiber detectors, the central shaft of rubber column is mutually vertical, and in described three simple component optical fiber detectors, the centre wavelength of fiber grating is all not identical.
The three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains the simple component optical fiber detector described in embodiment one described in present embodiment, tested vibration signal is by the phase parameter of the light signal in the deformation modulation optical fiber of rubber column, and the variation that detects relative light signal parameter just can obtain vibration acceleration.Respectively the vibration signal in three mutually perpendicular directions on space is gathered the moment just can obtain vibration wave arrival wave detector time by three simple component optical fiber detectors.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment is that the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector described in embodiment six is described further, and in present embodiment, it also comprises shell 6,
Described this shell 6 is rectangular body cavity, and the top in this chamber has through hole, and shell 6 inside are provided with two dividing plates, and the inner chamber of shell 6 is divided into three loculuses by these two dividing plates, and on every dividing plate, all has a through hole;
Three simple component optical fiber detectors lay respectively in three loculuses, the grating fibers of three simple component optical fiber detectors is connected by the through hole on dividing plate respectively, and the outside demodulation equipment connection end of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector is connected with outside demodulated equipment by the through hole at shell 6 tops.
In order to protect optical fiber, extend wave detector serviceable life, in present embodiment, wave detector is put into housing 6, to prevent exterior injury.
Embodiment eight: the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array described in present embodiment, it comprises: n three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector, wherein n=4,5,6...;
The tail optical fiber of i three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector connects the demodulated equipment link of i+1 three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector, i=2, and 3 ... n-1,
The tail optical fiber of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that n contains simple component optical fiber detector is as the tail optical fiber of three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array,
The demodulated equipment link of the 1st three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector is as the demodulated equipment link of three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array.
Conventionally wave detector array is gone into the well with oil pipe string, and Transmission Fibers is drawn to well head by well mouth sealing device, and is connected to ground solution mediation inverting equipment.Real-Time Monitoring the microearthquake signal recording in fracturing process are finally determined source location and crack imaging.
Described in present embodiment, three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array can be used for detecting seismic event, can also go into the well with oil pipe, is used for detecting the microearthquake signal in well fracturing operation process.
Three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array of the present invention has been realized large-scale network-estabilishing, has been reduced the complexity of downhole system, and down-hole is without power supply, has good stability and reliability.
The present invention is under waterfrac treatment environment, in perforation position, when the wellbore pressure of rapid rising exceedes compressive strength of rock, rock is destroyed, form crack, when crack propagation, will produce a series of microearthquake ripples of propagating to surrounding, receive the arrival time difference of microearthquake ripple by multistage three-component microearthquake wave detector in monitor well, can form a series of system of equations, anti-this Series of Equations group of separating, just can determine microearthquake source location, so provide the orientation, length in crack, highly, the formation parameter such as occurrence and stress direction.
In the time of array described in the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector described in multiple embodiments seven is combined into present embodiment, outer casing bottom also has through hole, the tail optical fiber of three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector stretches out from this through hole, and then the outside demodulation equipment connection end of connection next stage three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector, as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment nine: present embodiment is that the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array described in embodiment eight is described further, in present embodiment, the demodulated equipment link welding of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that the tail optical fiber of i three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector and i+1 contain simple component optical fiber detector.
Embodiment ten: present embodiment is that the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array described in embodiment eight is described further, and in present embodiment, the distance between two adjacent three-component microearthquake optical fiber detectors is 10m.
Claims (10)
1. simple component optical fiber detector, it is characterized in that, it comprises: an end frame (1-1), No. two end frame (1-2), a rubber column (2-1), No. two rubber columns (2-2), mass (3), fiber optic coils (4), a fiber grating (5-1) and No. two fiber gratings (5-2);
One end of one end of a rubber column (2-1) and No. two rubber columns (2-2) is separately fixed on two faces that mass (3) is parallel to each other, the other end of a rubber column (2-1) is fixed on a side of an end frame (1-1), the other end of No. two rubber columns (2-2) is fixed on a side of No. two end framves (1-2), fiber optic coils (4) is wrapped in the surface of No. two rubber columns (2-2), one end of fiber optic coils (4) connects one end of a fiber grating (5-1), the other end of fiber optic coils (4) connects one end of No. two fiber gratings (5-2).
2. simple component optical fiber detector according to claim 1, is characterized in that, a described fiber grating (5-1) is identical with the centre wavelength of No. two fiber gratings (5-2).
3. simple component optical fiber detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, being shaped as of described mass (3) is cube shaped or cylindrical, and the face area that this mass (3) contacts with two rubber columns is greater than the face area of two rubber columns.
4. simple component optical fiber detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the shape of a rubber column (2-1) and No. two rubber columns (2-2) is cylindrical, and the material of a rubber column (2-1) and No. two rubber columns (2-2) is the only material to axial stress sensitivity.
5. simple component optical fiber detector according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described is only silicon rubber to the material of axial stress sensitivity.
6. the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, it comprises: three simple component optical fiber detectors;
A fiber grating of first simple component optical fiber detector connects a fiber grating of second simple component optical fiber detector, and another fiber grating of second simple component optical fiber detector connects a fiber grating of the 3rd simple component optical fiber detector,
The tail optical fiber of another fiber grating of first simple component optical fiber detector is as the demodulated equipment link of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector,
The tail optical fiber of another fiber grating of the 3rd simple component optical fiber detector is as the tail optical fiber of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector;
In described three simple component optical fiber detectors, the central shaft of rubber column is mutually vertical, and in described three simple component optical fiber detectors, the centre wavelength of fiber grating is all not identical.
7. the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, it also comprises shell (6), described this shell (6) is rectangular body cavity, the top in this chamber has through hole, shell (6) inside is provided with two dividing plates, and the inner chamber of shell (6) is divided into three loculuses by these two dividing plates, and on every dividing plate, all has a through hole;
Three simple component optical fiber detectors lay respectively in three loculuses, the grating fibers of three simple component optical fiber detectors is connected by the through hole on dividing plate respectively, and the outside demodulation equipment connection end of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector is connected with outside demodulated equipment by the through hole at shell (6) top.
8. three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array, is characterized in that, it comprises: n three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector, wherein n=4,5,6...;
The tail optical fiber of i three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector connects the demodulated equipment link of i+1 three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector, i=2, and 3 ... n-1,
The tail optical fiber of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that n contains simple component optical fiber detector is as the tail optical fiber of three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array,
The demodulated equipment link of the 1st three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector is as the demodulated equipment link of three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array.
9. three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array according to claim 8, it is characterized in that the demodulated equipment link welding of the three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that the tail optical fiber of i three-component microearthquake optical fiber detector that contains simple component optical fiber detector and i+1 contain simple component optical fiber detector.
10. three-component microearthquake optical fiber detection array according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the distance between two adjacent three-component microearthquake optical fiber detectors is 10m.
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| CN201410493996.4A CN104199086A (en) | 2014-09-24 | 2014-09-24 | Single-component fiber-optic geophone, three-component fiber-optic microseismic geophone comprising same and three-component fiber-optic microseismic detection array also comprising same |
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| CN201410493996.4A CN104199086A (en) | 2014-09-24 | 2014-09-24 | Single-component fiber-optic geophone, three-component fiber-optic microseismic geophone comprising same and three-component fiber-optic microseismic detection array also comprising same |
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