CN102636250B - Optical fiber vector vibration sensor - Google Patents
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- CN102636250B CN102636250B CN 201210088634 CN201210088634A CN102636250B CN 102636250 B CN102636250 B CN 102636250B CN 201210088634 CN201210088634 CN 201210088634 CN 201210088634 A CN201210088634 A CN 201210088634A CN 102636250 B CN102636250 B CN 102636250B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber vector vibration sensor. The optical fiber vector vibration sensor comprises a broadband light source, a polarization control unit, a sensing probe and an orthogonal polarization demodulation unit, wherein the polarization control unit comprises a polarizer and a polarization controller; the sensing probe comprises a multi-mode tilted optical fiber grating, a cladding layer-fiber core energy recoupling structure and a polymer elastic tube; the multi-mode tilted optical fiber grating and the cladding layer-fiber core energy recoupling structure are encapsulated in the polymer elastic tube and used for sensing environment vibration information; the multi-mode tilted optical fiber grating is made of a multi-mode optical fiber; the cladding layer-fiber core energy recoupling structure is welded in a manner of axially aligning multi-mode and single-mode optical cores; the orthogonal polarization demodulation unit comprises a polarization beam splitter, a filter and a photoelectric detector; and the polarization control unit, the sensing probe and the orthogonal polarization demodulation unit are connected by virtue of an optical fiber circulator or a coupler. The optical fiber vector vibration sensor disclosed by the invention can recognize two-dimensional vibration direction based on single optical fiber grating, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, compact structure, low cost and easiness for networking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vibrating sensing instrument design field, particularly a kind of cross polarization optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument of identifying direction of vibration.
Background technology
Vibration transducer has a wide range of applications in fields such as fabric structure health detection, earthquake disaster prevention, oil and gas exploration and national defense safety monitorings, such as: by the structural deformation of real-time detection large scale civil engineering (bridge, tunnel, dam etc.), thereby realization is to the timely diagnosis of its health status; By recording focus, research earth ' s internal structure and PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SEISMIC, realize prediction about imminent earthquakes; By surveying artificial vibrations through the elastic wave that rock stratum surface reflections or refraction cause, can be familiar with subsurface geological structure to seek hydrocarbon trap, realize that oil gas stores exploration; By the ground wave that the detecting intrusion target causes, realize target identification and early warning security monitoring.Therefore, the vibration transducer market space is very huge.
Existing seismoreceiver mainly is based on electrical principles and designs and produces and form, as the micro sensing chip that utilizes advanced microsystem (MEMS) to process, the milli machine vibration information is converted to voltage signal, record change in voltage by the electronics means, realize thus the seismic signal measurement.This type of electronic vibration sensor can be divided into moving-coil type, eddy current type, piezoelectric type, pressure resistance type etc. on principle of work, but ubiquity following point: be subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI), particularly electronics device easily produces electric spark, has potential safety hazard when using in petroleum exploration domain.
Optical fiber sensing technology is take optical fiber as physical medium, take light wave as information carrier, have that structure is small and exquisite, highly sensitive, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), good insulating, corrosion-resistant, essential safety and be convenient to the multiple spot networking and the advantage such as remote remote measurement, be very suitable for being applied in the field that some traditional sensors are restricted.Fibre Optical Sensor can be divided into intensity modulation type, interfere type, grating type optical fiber, optical-fiber laser type etc. according to its sensor mechanism.Because it has above advantage, thereby obtain studying more and more widely and using.
Development through nearly 30 years, the optical fiber vibration sensing technology has obtained development faster, the sensing principle of various novelties and new structure design are in the news and are applied to actual test environment, wherein especially take intensity modulation type, interfere type, grating type optical fiber, optical-fiber laser type as representative.Yet the sensor of having reported in the situation that limit the vibration-sensing direction can work well, can satisfy under general occasion specifying the needs of determinand structure or operating condition monitoring.But for complicated monitoring targets (for example seismic event monitoring) such as unknown vibration source, vibration source variation or multi-source vibrations, vital effect is played in the accurate identification of direction of vibration, namely realizes the vibration vector sensing.The three-component vibration sensor of having reported needs three independently sensing units (for example fibre optic interferometer, fiber grating) usually, and sensing three-dimensional orthogonal oscillating component information, obtained gratifying progress respectively.But sensors with auxiliary electrode were adopts knockdown strain transfer structure usually, is difficult to realize microminiaturization and the embedded sensing of sensor; The problem such as in addition, noise crosstalk interference, the power division between three independent sensing units is unbalanced, phase place is inconsistent is that the accurate identification of direction of vibration brings difficulty.
For example, 2007, you branch school, gulf D.H.Kim of California, USA university etc. has reported a kind of fibre optic accelerometer (D.H.Kim based on the modulation of double grating transmitted light intensity, M.Q.Feng.Real-time structural health monitoring using a novel fiber-optic accelerometer system[J] .IEEE Sens.J., 2007,7 (4): 536～543).Its method is that one, two grating is fixed on the accelerometer shell wall, and another is fixed on mass.Under effect of vibration, two gratings relatively move, and the light intensity by grating changes thereupon, thus the acceleration of detectable vibration.Cost is surveyed in this method demodulation, but multiplexing capacity is poor, and sensor construction is complicated, and volume is large, and is not easy of integration, and the light source output jitter directly affects result of detection.
And for example, Italian A.Laudati etc. has reported the grating type optical fiber seismoreceiver in 2007 and 2008 with the G.Gagliardi philosophy.A.Laudati etc. with the FBG of three wavelength-division multiplex respectively interval 120 degree be arranged in round tube inner wall, consist of a directive seismoreceiver.Contrast shock-testing result with traditional wave detector shows the consistent (A.Laudati of frequency response in 0.1～10Hz scope, F.Mennella, M.Giordano et al., A fiber-optic Bragg grating seismic sensor[J] .IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett., 2007,19 (24): 1991～1993).G.Gagliardi etc. adopt similar sensor construction, mass and FBG have been fixed on the cylindrical bar of erectting, this system's background noise is higher, the acceleration of minimum detectable only can reach 0.1mg/Hz(G Gagliardi, M Salza, P Ferraro et al., Design and test of a laser-based optical-fiber Bragg-grating accelerometer for seismic applications[J] .Meas.Sci.Technol., 2008,19 (8): 085306).This two classes sensor is easy to multiplexing, but sensor construction is complicated, and volume is large, and response sensitivity is lower, and needs Wavelength demodulation, and demodulated equipment is expensive.
recently, Canada Carleton University J.Albert seminar has reported a kind of method (T.Guo that realizes the high-sensitivity vibration sensing based on inclined optical fiber grating dislocation fusion techniques in 2008, A.Ivanov, C.Chen, and J.Albert, Temperature-independent tilted fiber grating vibration sensor based on cladding-core recoupling, Opt.Lett.33 (9), 2008.) the method can utilize a fibre-optical probe to realize two independently energy outputs, be respectively used to the compensation such as vibration information extraction and light source shake.The method can realize the quick Real-time demodulation to vibration information, and the demodulation cost is low, but the method not yet realizes the accurate discriminating to direction of vibration.
Therefore, a kind of high sensitivity optical fiber vector vibration transducer of differentiating direction of vibration and having a multipoint multiplexing ability become Modern Transducer Technology development and commercial Application in the urgent need to.In recent years, the units such as the Tsing-Hua University of China, University Of Tianjin, Semiconductor institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology for National Defence, Nankai University, Zhejiang University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, BJ University of Aeronautics ﹠ Astronautics, Dalian University of Technology, University Of Chongqing, Shandong University, Northwest University, the China Measures Institute have also carried out correlative study, and have obtained gratifying progress.But realize that based on the single optical fiber sensing unit but the discernible microminiaturization networking of multi-dimensional vibration direction sensing technology not yet reports.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art with not enough, a kind of optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument is provided, but this sensing instrument can be identified networking based on microminiaturization, the direction of single optical fiber sensing unit, this device utilize novel multimode inclined optical fiber grating as sensing unit, adopt the cross polarization demodulation method survey can independent perception vibration quadrature component information inclined optical fiber grating cross polarization odd order cladding mode, and realize two-dimension vibration vector measurement based on single optical fiber sensing unit (inclined optical fiber grating) in conjunction with vector synthesis analysis method.This sensing instrument have advantages of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of not being subjected to, compact conformation, with low cost, be easy to networking.
Purpose of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme: optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument, comprise wideband light source, Polarization Control unit, sensing probe and cross polarization demodulating unit, described Polarization Control unit, sensing probe are connected optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism and connect with cross polarization demodulating unit three; Described Polarization Control unit comprises the polarizer and Polarization Controller, and wideband light source, the polarizer are connected with Polarization Controller and are connected; Described sensing probe comprises supporting member, shell, polymer elasticity pipe, fibre-optical probe and optic fibre wire, described fibre-optical probe comprises multimode inclined optical fiber grating and cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again, the described polymer elasticity pipe outside is protected by shell, polymer elasticity Guan Yiduan is fixed on supporting member, the unsettled sense vibrations of the other end, fibre-optical probe is encapsulated in the polymer elasticity pipe, and is connected with optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism by optic fibre wire; Described cross polarization demodulating unit comprises for the polarization beam apparatus that will survey light and be decomposed into pairwise orthogonal polarization state component, is used for the first wave filter and the first photodetector, the second wave filter and the second photodetector that the two parameters of cross polarization detect, the first wave filter be connected photodetector and connect successively, the second wave filter be connected photodetector and connect successively, the first wave filter be connected wave filter and be connected with the polarization beam apparatus output terminal respectively.
Concrete, described cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again comprises for the multimode optical fiber section of sensitive context vibration information with for the single-mode fiber section of conducting forward, both adopt the multi-mode-single mode fiber core to axially align the mode welding, form fusion point in multimode optical fiber section and single-mode fiber section weld, write on the multimode optical fiber section and be shaped with the multimode inclined optical fiber grating.Adopting this structure is that in conventional single mode fiber, inclined optical fiber grating low order cladding mode (claiming again the Ghost mould) is mixed in the same band be used to overcoming, and is difficult to distinguish; And mutually discrete on spectrum based on the low order cladding mode of the inclined optical fiber grating of multimode optical fiber, parity modes is clear, is convenient to demodulation by filter.
Further, to adopt the angle of inclination be the inclination angle grating of 1-3 degree for described multimode inclined optical fiber grating.This inclination angle scope guarantees that namely sufficient rudimentary covering mode excitation is used for providing vibration information, keep simultaneously stronger fibre core reflection mould to be used for providing ambient temperature information and light intensity calibration, and effectively suppressing the high-order cladding mode excites, make whole grating take narrower bandwidth resources, be beneficial to the wavelength-division multiplex of sensor.
Preferably, the described cladding-to-core energy multimode optical fiber section core diameter in coupled structure again is 50um, and single-mode fiber section core diameter is between 8～10um.Adopt this structure, need not introducing dislocation or optical fiber and draw the extra operations such as cone, avoid introducing excessive splice loss, splice attenuation and unpredictable polarization and disturb, physical strength and the polarization stability of assurance weld.The core mode that inclined optical fiber grating in multimode optical fiber oppositely excites fl transmission is to fibre cladding, and the cladding mode of reverse transfer is coupled in front end single-mode fiber fibre core again by multimode optical fiber-single-mode fiber face of weld, and then transfers to detection system.Because ambient vibration to be measured causes the little deformation of fibre-optical probe, the polarization cladding mode energy distribution that causes exciting in the multimode inclined optical fiber grating changes, and then changes the energy that is coupled into single-mode fiber, thereby realizes that the vibration high sensitivity detects in real time.Adopt the cross polarization demodulation method, can effectively extract orthogonal two orthogonal polarisation state under-clad layer mode coupling energy with the dynamic-change information of extraneous vibration excitation, synthesize by vector, can obtain direction of vibration information.
Preferably, the fusion point of multimode optical fiber section and the welding of single-mode fiber section and the spacing between the multimode inclined optical fiber grating are less than 5mm.Because cladding mode loss before entering fiber core is larger, so fusion point should be as far as possible near the multimode inclined optical fiber grating.Spacing is better less than the 5mm effect.
Preferably, described polymer elasticity pipe adopts the high resiliency polythene material.Be packaged in the polymer elasticity pipe because contain the fibre-optical probe of multimode inclined optical fiber grating and fusion point, so elastic tube requires to have higher elastic returning and physical strength, and the high resiliency polythene material can finely reach requirement.
Preferably, described polymer elasticity pipe and cladding-to-core energy pass through to solidify adhesive curing in the space between coupled structure again.Such as the epoxy acrylic ester gum etc., be passed to fast and effectively the internal optical fiber grating in order to strengthen the elastic tube strain, improve the strain consistance.
The course of work of the present invention: wideband light source output light enters sensing probe through the Polarization Control unit, sensing probe comprises the multimode inclined optical fiber grating, the multimode inclined optical fiber grating can be realized effectively exciting of forward conduction core mode reverse conduction cladding mode, and it excites cladding mode with respect to the vector mask that writes of inclined optical fiber grating, extremely strong polarization dependence to be arranged; On this basis, utilize the fibre core of multimode optical fiber (above write be shaped with inclined optical fiber grating) and single-mode fiber (upstream guiding detection optical fiber) to adopt and axially align the mode welding process, multimode sensor fibre inner cladding pattern efficient coupling is entered upstream single-mode fiber fibre core; Ambient vibration information (amplitude, frequency and direction etc.) acts on multimode inclined optical fiber grating probe, the cladding mode at modulation welding interface and the coupling efficiency between core mode; By the strange pattern energy of cross polarization of cross polarization method detecting reverse coupling spectrum, realize the accurate detection to vibration information (direction, amplitude and frequency).
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, the present invention realizes that based on a plurality of fiber gratings or fibre optic interferometer array mode the method for direction of vibration sensing compares with existing, proposes first to adopt the cross polarization demodulation method to survey pairwise orthogonal polarization odd order cladding mode component, realizes the fiber-optic vibration vector measurement.Sensing probe of the present invention is made of single multimode inclined optical fiber grating, avoids the labyrinth of a plurality of one dimension sensing unit multiple measurement.Vibration vector sensing mode based on the multimode inclined optical fiber grating there is no report at present.Meanwhile, be different from dislocation burning-on method, the optical fiber reported and draw the cone method, this invention based on the multi-mode-single mode fiber core directly aim at the welding mode realize covering to fibre core rely on Mode Coupling without polarization, simple to operate, good reproducibility.In addition, this sensing technology adopts small inclination multimode inclined optical fiber grating, overcome inclined optical fiber grating low order cladding mode (Ghost mould) in conventional single mode fiber and be mixed in the same band, determining of being difficult to distinguish, and effectively suppressed exciting of high-order cladding mode, make single sensing unit take narrower bandwidth resources (several nanometer), can realize the wavelength-division multiplex of sensor.
2, the present invention compares with traditional electrical sensor, because it adopts optical fiber technology, so have the advantages such as the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of not being subjected to.
3, the present invention compares with direct intensity modulation type optical fibre vibration sensor, a sensor is independently exported two groups of light intensity energy informations, wherein the core mode reflected energy is insensitive to vibration information, therefore can be used as the reference information that is independent of outside the cladding mode energy calibrates system's light intensity jitter error, effectively overcome source of error, and temperature information can be provided.
4, the present invention compares with the interference-type optical fiber Vib., has advantages of to be easy to multiplexing and networking.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of sensing probe in apparatus of the present invention.
In Fig. 1-2: 1-wideband light source; 2-polarizer; 3-Polarization Controller; 4-optical fiber circulator; 5-polymer elasticity pipe; 6-single-mode fiber-multimode optical fiber fusion point; 7-curing glue; 8-multimode inclined optical fiber grating; 9-single-mode fiber section; 10-multimode optical fiber section; 11-polarization beam apparatus; The 12-the first wave filter; The 13-the first photodetector; The 14-the second wave filter; The 15-the second photodetector; 16-optic fibre wire.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument comprises wideband light source 1, Polarization Control unit, sensing probe and cross polarization demodulating unit, and described Polarization Control unit, sensing probe are connected optical fiber circulator 4 and connect with cross polarization demodulating unit three; Described Polarization Control unit comprises the polarizer 2 and Polarization Controller 3, and wideband light source 1, the polarizer 2 are connected with Polarization Controller successively and are connected; Described sensing probe comprises supporting member, shell, polymer elasticity pipe 5, fibre-optical probe and optic fibre wire 16, described fibre-optical probe comprises multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 and cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again, described polymer elasticity pipe 5 outsides are protected by shell, polymer elasticity pipe 5 one ends are fixed on supporting member, the unsettled sense vibrations of the other end, fibre-optical probe is encapsulated in polymer elasticity pipe 5, and is connected with optical fiber circulator 4 by optic fibre wire 16; Described cross polarization demodulating unit comprises for the polarization beam apparatus 11 that will survey light and be decomposed into pairwise orthogonal polarization state component, is used for the first wave filter 12 and the first photodetector 13, the second wave filter 14 and the second photodetector 15 that the two parameters of cross polarization detect, the first wave filter 12 be connected photodetector 13 and connect successively, the second wave filter 14 be connected photodetector 15 and connect successively, the first wave filter 12 be connected wave filter 14 and be connected with polarization beam apparatus 11 output terminals respectively.
As shown in Figure 2, described cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again comprises for the multimode optical fiber section 10 of sensitive context vibration information with for the single-mode fiber section 9 of conducting forward, both adopt the multi-mode-single mode fiber core to axially align the mode welding, form fusion point 6 in multimode optical fiber section 10 and single-mode fiber section 9 welds, write on multimode optical fiber section 10 and be shaped with multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8.Adopt this structure can overcome the problem that in conventional single mode fiber, inclined optical fiber grating low order cladding mode is mixed in the same band, is difficult to distinguish; the inclined optical fiber grating low order cladding mode that takes full advantage of multimode optical fiber is mutually discrete; parity modes is clear, is convenient to the characteristics of demodulation by filter.
It is the inclination angle grating of 2 degree that described multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 adopts the angle of inclination.
Described cladding-to-core energy is the multimode optical fiber section 10 core diameter 50um in coupled structure again, and single-mode fiber section 9 core diameters are between 8～10um.Adopting diameter in the present embodiment is 9um.
Fusion point 6 and the spacing between multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 of multimode optical fiber section 10 and 9 weldings of single-mode fiber section are 2mm.
Described polymer elasticity pipe 5 adopts the high resiliency polythene material.
Described polymer elasticity pipe 5 and cladding-to-core the energy space between coupled structure again solidify by solidifying glue 7.Adopt the epoxy acrylic ester gum in the present embodiment, be passed to fast and effectively the internal optical fiber grating in order to strengthen the elastic tube strain, improve the strain consistance.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment except following characteristics other structures with embodiment 1: described Polarization Control unit, sensing probe connect by coupling mechanism with cross polarization demodulating unit three.
It is the inclination angle grating of 3 degree that described multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 adopts the angle of inclination.
Fusion point 6 and the spacing between multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 of described multimode optical fiber section 10 and 9 weldings of single-mode fiber section are 3mm.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment except following characteristics other structures with embodiment 1: it is the inclination angle grating of 1 degree that described multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 adopts the angle of inclination.
Fusion point 6 and the spacing between multimode inclined optical fiber grating 8 of described multimode optical fiber section 10 and 9 weldings of single-mode fiber section are 4mm.
Above-described embodiment is the better embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument, it is characterized in that, comprise wideband light source, Polarization Control unit, sensing probe and cross polarization demodulating unit, described Polarization Control unit, sensing probe are connected optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism and connect with cross polarization demodulating unit three; Described Polarization Control unit comprises the polarizer and Polarization Controller, and wideband light source, the polarizer are connected with Polarization Controller and are connected; Described sensing probe comprises supporting member, shell, polymer elasticity pipe, fibre-optical probe and optic fibre wire, described fibre-optical probe comprises multimode inclined optical fiber grating and cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again, the described polymer elasticity pipe outside is protected by shell, polymer elasticity Guan Yiduan is fixed on supporting member, the unsettled sense vibrations of the other end, fibre-optical probe is encapsulated in the polymer elasticity pipe, and is connected with optical fiber circulator or coupling mechanism by optic fibre wire; Described cross polarization demodulating unit comprises for the polarization beam apparatus that will survey light and be decomposed into pairwise orthogonal polarization state component, is used for the first wave filter and the first photodetector, the second wave filter and the second photodetector that the two parameters of cross polarization detect, the first wave filter be connected photodetector and connect successively, the second wave filter be connected photodetector and connect successively, the first wave filter be connected wave filter and be connected with the polarization beam apparatus output terminal respectively.
2. optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cladding-to-core energy coupled structure again comprises for the multimode optical fiber section of sensitive context vibration information with for the single-mode fiber section of conducting forward, both adopt the multi-mode-single mode fiber core to axially align the mode welding, form fusion point in multimode optical fiber section and single-mode fiber section weld, write on the multimode optical fiber section and be shaped with the multimode inclined optical fiber grating.
3. optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument according to claim 2, is characterized in that, it is the inclination angle grating of 1-3 degree that described multimode inclined optical fiber grating adopts the angle of inclination.
4. optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described cladding-to-core energy is the multimode optical fiber section core diameter 50um in coupled structure again, and single-mode fiber section core diameter is between 8～10um.
5. optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument according to claim 2, is characterized in that, fusion point and the spacing between the multimode inclined optical fiber grating of described multimode optical fiber section and the welding of single-mode fiber section are less than 5mm.
6. optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described polymer elasticity pipe and cladding-to-core the energy space between coupled structure again pass through to solidify adhesive curing.
7. optical fiber vector vibration sensing instrument according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described curing glue is the epoxy acrylic ester gum.
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