CN110361564A - A kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector - Google Patents

A kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110361564A
CN110361564A CN201910691288.4A CN201910691288A CN110361564A CN 110361564 A CN110361564 A CN 110361564A CN 201910691288 A CN201910691288 A CN 201910691288A CN 110361564 A CN110361564 A CN 110361564A
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China
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inertial mass
wave detector
prism
trigone
grating
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Inventor
刘钦朋
何雪
贾振安
禹大宽
高宏
王向宇
杨德兴
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Xian Shiyou University
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Xian Shiyou University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/18Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration in two or more dimensions

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detectors, using hollow pillar elasticity-mass-sensitive structure, prism-shaped FBG acceleration detector includes the hollow triangular prism that a pedestal has through-hole, upper uncovered, in hollow trigone top end, inertial mass and bragg grating are set.The present invention utilizes the wavelength sensitive principle of fiber grating, and wave detector triangular prism hollow pipe can be stretched or compressed in the vertical direction by the effect of inertia of mass block under the action of extraneous excited vibration signal;So that being packaged in grating therein generates axial strain, so that its wavelength be made to drift about, by detect the grating wavelength variation, it can be achieved that vertical direction acceleration signal detection.

Description

A kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector
Technical field
The invention belongs to fiber optic sensor technology field, in particular to a kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration detection Device.
Background technique
Fiber grating be in single mode optical fiber fibre core by write grid to its fiber core refractive index generate periodic modulation after formed A kind of wave length type passive device, have a wide range of applications in optic communication, sensory field, especially in light sensing field, cause The fervent research of domestic and foreign scholars.Fiber grating has achieved significant progress in quasi-static sensory field, but passes in dynamic Sense field is still a research hotspot, especially a difficulties in engineering fields such as low-frequency earthquake waves detections.Work as light When transmission encounters grating in a fiber, it is reflected and is transmitted to the incident light for meeting Bragg condition, according to Bradley glazing bar The wavelength of reflection or transmitted wave known to part is related with the refractive index modulation period of grating and fiber core refractive index, and ambient temperature or The variation of strain will affect refractive index modulation period and the fiber core refractive index of fiber grating, so as to cause fiber grating reflection or The variation of transmission peak wavelength, here it is the basic functional principles of fiber grating wave detector.
Wave length type fiber grating wave detector improves traditional electric class geophone, intensity modulation type and phase modulation-type Some disadvantages of optical fiber detector: (1) the electric class geophone of tradition will receive the influence of electromagnetic interference, unsuitable severe work Make environment;(2) signal measurement precision that phase modulation-type optical fiber detector picks up in the detection process is by light intensity magnitude, light source It influences, there are the influences of junction loss, bending loss of optical fiber etc.;(3) there is " interference-type " wave detector, (reading information is that observation is dry Relate to the variation of striped) in phase measurement unintelligible and to permanent datum needs;(3) phase modulation-type optical fiber detector is logical It crosses after being demarcated to the variation of measurement front and back phase and realizes that treating survey vibration signal carries out relative measurement, need to be based on fringe count Interferometric sensor require initial reference like that;(4) cannot be connected in an optical fiber multiple inspections using wavelength-division multiplex technique Wave device carries out distributed measurement, constitutes optical fiber sensing network.(5) the electric class wave detector volume of tradition, quality are big, structure is complicated accessory It is more.In order to accurately describe the distribution of oil-gas reservoir, need to use low-frequency detector.Environment in oil well is more severe, traditional Electric class wave detector is difficult to realize the detection of low-frequency signals, and fiber grating wave detector has high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant and anti-electromagnetism The characteristics of interference.The highly sensitive wave detector of fiber grating low frequency causes the extensive concern of people in the application of low-frequency range detection field And great interest, it is the main target studied at present that high sensitivity is reached in broader frequency band range, and is had important Research value and market application prospect, it is really necessary to provide a kind of fiber grating low-frequency detector to overcome the above technology to lack It falls into.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detectors, to solve the above problems.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector, including trigone hollow column type elastomer, wave detector pedestal, biography Feel fiber grating, inertial mass;Inertial mass is fixed at top on the inside of trigone hollow column type elastomer;Inertia mass It is provided with first through hole in the geometric center of block, the second through-hole, sensor fibre light are provided in the geometric center of wave detector pedestal Grid are arranged between first through hole and the second through-hole and are encapsulated in the two through-holes;The setting of sensor fibre grating is in trigone sky Inside core column type elastomer.
Further, trigone hollow column type elastomer is positive trigone hollow column, and inertial mass includes upper inertial mass With lower inertial mass, lower inertial mass is arranged concentrically on the lower surface of inertial mass;Upper inertial mass and lower used Property gauge block is with one heart but side length is different.
Further, upper inertial mass and lower inertial mass cross sectional shape are equilateral triangle, upper inertial mass Cross-sectional sizes are equal to trigone hollow column section.
Further, the position of fiber grating is the rise of section equilateral triangle from vertexPlace, In,It is the height of upper inertial mass and wave detector pedestal section, i is the side length of the two sections.
Further, it upper inertial mass and lower is fixedly connected between inertial mass and fiber grating.
Further, upper inertial mass connected with lower inertial mass the vacant edge in place for and trigone hollow pillar Elastomer adhesion is fixed, and there are gaps with trigone hollow column wall for lower inertia mass block edge, and lower inertial mass is in trigone In vacant state and there are gaps between wave detector pedestal in hollow column type elastomer.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technical effect:
The present invention uses the prism-shaped hollow tubular column structure and tri-prismoid inertial mass of novel and unique, and existing Optical fiber grating earthquake wave detector is compared, and by a mass block, then the detection of low-frequency earthquake waves signal may be implemented, and existing The combination of low-frequency detector realizes that low-frequency earthquake waves signal detection is compared, and has size small, and structure is simple, and be easy to encapsulate is excellent Point.
The present invention realizes the measurement of low-frequency earthquake waves signal using single sensor fibre grating on the trigone hollow tubing string, Sensor fibre grating is sensitive to the direction z vibration signal, insensitive to the vibration of the direction x, y, reduces the intersection of acceleration detector Sensitivity, while the lateral anti-interference ability of vibrating sensor is improved again.
Common sensor fibre grating is encapsulated in inertial mass and position base by two o'clock encapsulation technology by the present invention Place, effectively prevents the chirp problem of fiber grating, can not only reduce the size of device, meanwhile, also mention to a certain extent The high stability of optical fiber Bragg grating encapsulation, a possibility that effectively eliminating encapsulation process bring chirp.
The present invention realizes low frequency using the triangular prism hollow tubular type structure and size entirety inertial mass of novel and unique The detection of acceleration signal does not need other sensing elements and increases inertial mass, easily prepares, more simply, reliably, so not There are the combinatorial problem of multiple sensing elements, the packaging technology of fiber grating is simpler, easy to accomplish.
Since sensor fibre grating uses two o'clock packaged type, it is not easy to which the chirp for leading to fiber grating effectively prevents The non-linear distortion as caused by chirped grating effect improves detection accuracy, while seismic detection can be improved using the structure The lateral anti-interference ability of device, effectively reduces cross sensitivity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of grating of the present invention encapsulation.
Wherein, 1 sensor fibre grating first encapsulates fixed point, 2 first through hole, inertial mass on 3,4 lower inertia masses Block, 5 trigone hollow column type elastomers, 6 be sensor fibre grating, and 7 be wave detector pedestal, and 8 be the second through-hole, and 9 be sensor fibre Grating second encapsulates fixed point.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention is further described:
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector, including trigone hollow pillar elasticity Body 5, wave detector pedestal 7, sensor fibre grating 6, inertial mass;Inertial mass is fixed at trigone hollow pillar elasticity 5 inside top of body;It is provided with first through hole 2 in the geometric center of inertial mass, is arranged in the geometric center of wave detector pedestal 7 There is the second through-hole 8, sensor fibre grating 6 is arranged between first through hole 2 and the second through-hole 8 and is encapsulated in the two through-holes It is interior;Sensor fibre grating 6 is arranged inside trigone hollow column type elastomer 5.
Trigone hollow column type elastomer 5 is positive trigone hollow column, and inertial mass includes upper inertial mass 3 and lower inertia Mass block 4, lower inertial mass 4 are arranged concentrically on the lower surface of inertial mass 3;Upper inertial mass 3 and lower inertia matter Gauge block 4 is with one heart but side length is different.
Upper inertial mass 3 and lower 4 cross sectional shape of inertial mass are equilateral triangle, and upper 3 section of inertial mass is big It is small to be equal to trigone hollow column section.
The position of fiber grating 1 is the rise of section equilateral triangle from vertexPlace, whereinIt is the height in 7 section of upper inertial mass 3 and wave detector pedestal, i is the side length of the two sections.
It is fixedly connected between upper inertial mass 3 and lower inertial mass 4 and fiber grating.
Upper inertial mass 3 and the lower inertial mass 4 connection vacant edge in place are used for and trigone hollow column type elastomer 5 Adhesion is fixed, and there are gaps with trigone hollow column wall at lower inertial mass 4 edge, and lower inertial mass 4 is in trigone hollow In vacant state and there are gaps between wave detector pedestal 7 in column type elastomer 5.
A kind of fiber grating triangular prism hollow tubular type wave detector, including be arranged in triangular prism hollow pipe, inertial mass, biography Photosensitive grid and pedestal;The inertial mass is located at the geometric center in wave detector equilateral triangle section, and is fixed on wave detector On uncovered triangular prism hollow pipe, the sensor senses grating is fixed on inertial mass and the stayed through hole of pedestal passes through light again Fibre portals to be connected with external demodulating unit;Vertical direction vibration signal acceleration is realized in cooperation under the excitation of extraneous vibration signal Detection.
Sensor fibre grating is fixed on the optimum position between inertial mass and pedestal are as follows: Wherein,It is the height of inertial mass and bottom base section, i is the side length in the two equilateral triangles section.It is described Sensing grating is used to incude z directional acceleration signal, and prism-shaped wave detector is unwise to the acceleration signal in the direction x and the direction y Sense.
The inertial mass is located at the geometric center of wave detector triangular prism hollow tube section, and inertial mass includes up and down The different concentric tri-prismoid of two side lengths, wherein the tri-prismoid and hollow triangular prism tube upper end (nothing of the lesser lower section of side length It Gai Duan) is embedded in and fixed.
There are distance, institutes with the sensor fibre grating surrounding for the inner wall of the wave detector shell (prism-shaped hollow pipe) It states inertial mass and sensor fibre grating is passed through and fixed by through-hole with lower end pedestal, do not interspace.The wave detector bottom The lower end of seat is provided with a screw hole, and the wave detector is fixed by screw hole and workbench.
The central through hole of the inertial mass has sensor fibre grating to pass through, and triangular prism is hollow tubular type, inertia mass Block is in vacant state in pipe.
The inertial mass and wave detector prism-shaped hollow pipe top can be buckled by inertial mass side length difference It is fixed, but be fixed in order to ensure its stability can reuse glue.The inner wall of its two sides and wave detector triangular prism hollow pipe There are distance, there are distances for the base central through-hole bearing of bottom and wave detector.
The sensor fibre grating is packaged in inertial mass and wave detector pedestal geometric center through hole, can incude trigone The surface compression of column hollow pipe and extension strain sensitizing range.
Embodiment 1
Refering to Figure 1, prism-shaped fiber grating low frequency earthquake wave detector of the present invention is empty using special prism-shaped Core pipe column and prism-shaped mass block structure, mainly by the encapsulation point of fiber grating 1, the optical fiber through-hole 2 of inertial mass, trigone Pillar inertial mass 3,4, prism-shaped hollow tube wall 5, sensor fibre grating 6, the pedestal 7 of wave detector, wave detector base position The composition of encapsulation point 9 of optical fiber through-hole 8, base position fiber grating.The inertial mass is not mainly equal but concentric by two side lengths Tri-prismoid structure constitute (side length and height of the prism-shaped inertial mass can different), the inertial mass Central axis be overlapped that (i.e. the package position of sensor fibre grating is located at the several of inertial mass with the sensor fibre grating of encapsulation What center, to incude to greatest extent to prism-shaped shell), wave detector triangular prism is fixed on by way of glue adhesion Formula hollow pipe (uncovered) top;The triangular prism hollow pipe and pedestal of the wave detector are made of identical material.The sense light Fine grating 6 is packaged in wave detector upper and lower covers geometric center through-hole, and (upper cover refers to the top of wave detector prism-shaped hollow pipe, and lower cover refers to Be wave detector position base).The mode that wave detector is screwed is fixed on the worktable (specifically, the detection There are screw holes for the pedestal geometric center position of device, are screwed on workbench convenient for the wave detector), sensor fibre grating It is connected by optical fiber through-hole 2 with external demodulating unit.
The optimum position of the sensor fibre grating are as follows:Wherein,It is inertia matter The height of gauge block and bottom base section, i are for the side length in the two equilateral triangles section.The sensing grating is used to incude the direction z Acceleration signal, prism-shaped wave detector are insensitive to the acceleration signal in the direction x and the direction y.
The sensor fibre grating is located at triangular prism hollow tubular type wave detector geometric center position, can incude z to greatest extent The side length and height of the strain of direction hollow pipe, the package position of fiber grating and the height of wave detector and inertial mass have It closes, causes quality bigger, sensitivity is bigger;The length of packaged fiber grating and the height of wave detector prism-shaped hollow pipe have It closes, height is bigger, smaller to the sensitivity of low frequency signal.
The top of the wave detector prism-shaped hollow pipe is sealed by inertial mass, and the wave detector bottom end is provided with bottom Seat fixing threaded hole 8, there are a spacings between inertial mass 3,4 and wave detector hollow inside pipe wall embedded by the wave detector top From there are a certain distance between the inertial mass and wave detector pedestal.The setting of wave detector top inertial mass It is fixed on trigone hollow pipe and again using glue envelope.
As shown in Figure 1, the sensor fibre grating 6 is mainly used to incude extraneous acceleration signal on the direction z, to x, the side y To low-frequency earthquake waves signal it is insensitive, by α-cyanoacrylate glue be packaged in wave detector top inertial mass and At the lead to the hole site of pedestal geometric center, fiber-optic output is pierced by the top of sensor by optical fiber output hole 2, and passes through glue α- Cyanacrylate sealing.The sensor fibre grating 6 of the present embodiment is uniform fiber grating, and the central wavelength of fiber grating is 1550.142nm, three dB bandwidth 0.191nm, the geometrical length of fiber grating are 15mm, and the reflectivity of grating is 91.08%, inspection Wave device triangular prism hollow tube wall 5 with a thickness of 2mm, be highly 50mm, a length of 40mm in outside of triangular prism hollow tube section, inner edge A length of 33mm;In mass block the height of the lesser tri-prismoid of side length be 2mm, side length 31mm, the biggish cylindrical body of side length Height 5mm, side length 40mm.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, the structural parameters and material of wave detector are same as Example 1, and difference is: inertial mass The different two-part monolith of side length is constituted, and the upper biggish triangular prism constancy of volume of part side length is embedded in the side length of hollow tubing string Lesser triangular prism inertial mass height is increased to 3mm, the connecting relation and 1 phase of embodiment of other components and components Together.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, the structural parameters and material of sensor are identical as embodiment 1,2, and difference is: wave detector three The sectional area and height of prism hollow pipe are varied, a length of 15mm in the outside of triangular prism hollow pipe, a length of 6.9mm of inner edge, Wall thickness is that 2mm is constant, therefore the biggish height of inertial mass side length is 30mm, side length 15mm, the lesser mass block of side length Partial Height is 25mm, side length 6.3mm, and the connecting relation of other components and components is identical as embodiment 1,2.
Embodiment 4
In the present embodiment, the structural parameters and material of wave detector are identical as embodiment 1,2,3, and difference is: inertia matter The different two-part monolith of gauge block side length is constituted, the upper biggish triangular prism constancy of volume of part side length, insertion hollow tubing string The lesser triangular prism inertial mass height change of side length increases to 3mm, the connecting relation and implementation of other components and components Example 1,2,3 is identical.
In use, the present invention is mounted in measurand, signal transmission fiber is connected with fiber grating demodulation module, When measurand is motivated by extraneous acceleration signal, for inertial mass 3,4 under the action of inertia force, prism-shaped is empty Elongation strain and compression strain will be generated on core pipe wall (5) surface by inertia force, different extraneous seismic signals is corresponding not Same strain passes through Wavelength demodulation list so that the central wavelength for being encapsulated in the sensor fibre grating of hollow tube hub is drifted about Member realizes the processing of vertical direction seismic signal, so that the information of tested seismic wave is detected, such as amplitude and frequency.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows:
Sensor fibre grating is encapsulated in triangular prism hollow pipe geometric center position, when measurand is vibrated, is used to Property gauge block 3,4 vibrates therewith, and under the inertia force effect of inertial mass, wave detector triangular prism hollow tube wall is in different vibrations Corresponding strain is generated under dynamic signal, so that the central wavelength of sensor fibre grating changes, which passes through The dynamic change that fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator detects the optic fiber grating wavelength realizes the detection of extraneous seismic wave acceleration signal.Entirely Detector structure can regard a special elastic construction as, and in the case where being acted on by inertia force, surface can generate triangular prism hollow pipe Slight stretching and compressive deformation can cause that the fixed axial generation stretching in sensor fibre grating edge of glue sealing is straightened or compression is answered Become.When the vibration is in extraneous amplitude in the z-directionAcceleration signal effect Under, the strain positioned at the fiber grating of geometric center is
In formula, A is fiber grating length variable quantity, and L is the length for encapsulating sensor fibre grating, and a is extraneous seismic wave letter Number acceleration, ω is the angular frequency of extraneous seismic signal;ω0For the resonance frequency of wave detector;ξ is the damping of wave detector Than;Within the scope of stiffness coefficient, known by theory of mechanics of materials, wave detector stiffness coefficient is
Wherein, i and h is respectively the side length and height of the then trigone hollow pipe column section.In addition, the resonance frequency of detector system Rate is
The opposite wave of fiber grating is then obtained with the wave length shift formula of strain by Theory of Vibration combination optic fiber grating wavelength Long drift value is
From above formula (3), the resonance frequency of (4) available geophone and light under the action of extraneous acceleration signal The variation of fine raster center wavelength.When the effect by extraneous low-frequency earthquake waves signal, then by the inertia force of inertial mass Faint deformation can be generated by acting on lower trigone hollow pipe, final to realize so as to cause the variation of the sensor fibre raster center wavelength The detection of the amplitude, frequency and orientation of low-frequency earthquake waves signal.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector, which is characterized in that including trigone hollow column type elastomer (5), Wave detector pedestal (7), sensor fibre grating (6), inertial mass;Inertial mass is fixed at trigone hollow pillar elasticity Top on the inside of body (5);It is provided in the geometric center of inertial mass first through hole (2), the geometric center of wave detector pedestal (7) On be provided with the second through-hole (8), sensor fibre grating (6), which is arranged, between first through hole (2) and the second through-hole (8) and to be encapsulated In the two through-holes;Sensor fibre grating (6) setting is internal in trigone hollow column type elastomer (5).
2. a kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that trigone hollow Column type elastomer (5) is positive trigone hollow column, and inertial mass includes upper inertial mass (3) and lower inertial mass (4), under Inertial mass (4) is arranged concentrically on the lower surface of inertial mass (3);Upper inertial mass (3) and lower inertial mass (4) different for concentric but side length.
3. a kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector according to claim 2, which is characterized in that upper inertia matter Gauge block (3) and lower inertial mass (4) cross sectional shape are equilateral triangle, and upper inertial mass (3) cross-sectional sizes are equal to trigone Hollow column section.
4. a kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector according to claim 2, which is characterized in that fiber grating (1) position is the rise of section equilateral triangle from vertexPlace, whereinIt is upper inertia matter The height of gauge block (3) and wave detector pedestal (7) section, i are the side length of the two sections.
5. a kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that upper inertia matter It is fixedly connected between gauge block (3) and lower inertial mass (4) and fiber grating.
6. a kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that upper inertia matter Gauge block (3) and lower inertial mass (4) the connection vacant edge in place are used to fix with trigone hollow column type elastomer (5) adhesion, And there are gaps with trigone hollow column wall at lower inertial mass (4) edge, lower inertial mass (4) is in trigone hollow pillar bullet Property body (5) in vacant state and there are gaps between wave detector pedestal (7).
CN201910691288.4A 2019-07-29 2019-07-29 A kind of prism-shaped optical fibre grating acceleration wave detector Pending CN110361564A (en)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113325464A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-08-31 西安石油大学 Grid-mesh type fiber bragg grating acceleration seismic detector
CN113624324A (en) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-09 西安石油大学 Hollow triangle beam type fiber grating vibration sensor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113325464A (en) * 2021-05-24 2021-08-31 西安石油大学 Grid-mesh type fiber bragg grating acceleration seismic detector
CN113624324A (en) * 2021-08-09 2021-11-09 西安石油大学 Hollow triangle beam type fiber grating vibration sensor
CN113624324B (en) * 2021-08-09 2023-10-13 西安石油大学 Hollow triangle beam type fiber bragg grating vibration sensor

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