CN102626111A - 基于气孔感应小球藻闭合的免疫蒸腾抑制剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
基于气孔感应小球藻闭合的免疫蒸腾抑制剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于气孔感应小球藻闭合的免疫蒸腾抑制剂的制备方法。本发明方法首先将来自中国科学院典型培养物保藏委员会淡水藻种库保藏编号为FACHB-7的淡水小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11固体培养基中,恒温光照下培养得到活化后的小球藻,然后接种到灭菌后的BG11液体培养基中振荡培养,离心后取沉淀物用蒸馏水进行稀释,灭活后制成小球藻剂A;将CaCl2·2H2O和羧化壳聚糖溶解于蒸馏水中,搅拌得到辅剂B;将小球藻剂A加入辅剂B中,搅拌均匀,得到免疫蒸腾抑制剂。本发明方法比各类已有蒸腾抑制剂的制备更节水、环保、节约成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种基于气孔感应小球藻闭合的免疫蒸腾抑制剂的制备方法。
背景技术
淡水稀缺是全球面临的环境问题。我国淡水资源极度匮乏,伴随着全球气候变化,近年来更是旱灾频发,大面积作物受灾,农业损失惨重。因此,开发新型植物抗旱节水剂,有效控制气孔的开度,降低叶片的过度蒸腾,提高水分利用效率,是解决中国水资源危机和发展节水农业的必由之路。目前市场上的植物蒸腾抑制剂根据其不同的作用方式和特点,可分为四类:①代谢型抗蒸腾剂(Metabolic antitranspirant),常用的有 PMA (醋酸苯汞)、 ABA、 NaHSO3、CaC12、2,4-D、阿特拉津、甲草胺、三唑酮、黄腐酸 (FA),其中除黄腐酸外大都具有严重的环境毒性(如醋酸苯汞)和生理毒性,危害环境和人类健康,同时ABA 等生长调节剂不仅具有环境毒性而且价格昂贵,因此很难推广使用;②成膜型抗蒸腾剂(Film-forming antitranspirant) ,常见的成膜型药剂有Wilt-Pruf、Vapor Guard、Mobileaf、Folicote、Plant guard 等,大都是国外昂贵的专利产品,很难自然降解,具有持久污染;③反射型抗蒸腾剂(Reflecting antitranspirant),常用的有: 高岭土(Kaoline)和高岭石( Kaolinite),此类制剂的使用量大、效果差并且具有直接降低光合速率的副作用等,目前也较少实际应用; 生物感应型抗蒸腾剂(biological induction antitranspirant ),它是王根轩等人发明的一种基于酿酒酵母菌的生物型植物抗蒸腾剂,由于酿酒酵母菌可能产生酒精等对植物有副作用的物质,还需要进一步的完善才能被实际应用推广。因此在旱灾频发和水资源危机日益严重条件下,迫切需要研究开发新型高效无毒的生物型抗蒸腾制剂和节水技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种基于气孔感应小球藻闭合的免疫蒸腾抑制剂的制备方法。
本发明方法包括如下步骤:
步骤(1).制备小球藻剂A,方法是:
首先将淡水小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11固体培养基中,置于25℃恒温光照培养箱中培养48h,得到活化后的小球藻;所述的淡水小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)来自中国科学院典型培养物保藏委员会淡水藻种库,保藏编号为FACHB-7;
然后将活化后的小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11液体培养基中,置于转速150~180r/min的摇床上振荡培养,培养温度为20~25℃,培养时间为7~10个光照周期;一个光照周期为24小时,首先采用光强为2000~3000Lx的白色荧光灯光照14h,再置于黑暗中10h;
将培养后的小球藻置于离心机中离心,取沉淀物干燥称重,用蒸馏水进行稀释,得到纯小球藻液,纯小球藻液中纯小球藻含量为10~20g/L;将纯小球藻液置于121℃、0.12~0.15Mpa压强下灭活60~80min,制成小球藻剂A;小球藻剂A于-20℃下冻存;
所述的BG11液体培养基配方及含量为:硝酸钠1.5 g/L、磷酸氢二钾0.04g/L、硫酸镁0.075g/L、氯化钙0.036 g/L、柠檬酸0.006 g/L、柠檬酸铁铵0.006 g/L、乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.001g/L、碳酸钠0.02 g/L、硼酸0.00286 g/L、氯化锰0.00186g/L、硫酸锌0.00022g/L、钼酸钠0.00039g/L、硫酸铜0.00008g/L、硝酸钴0.00005g/L,用蒸馏水配制,然后用1mol/L的NaOH或HCl调pH至7.1;
所述的BG11固体培养基是在上述BG11液体培养基中按照每升15 g添加琼脂得到;
步骤(2).制备辅剂B,方法是:
将CaCl2·2H2O和羧化壳聚糖溶解于蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到辅剂B;辅剂B中CaCl2·2H2O的浓度为3g/L,羧化壳聚糖的浓度为0.01 g/L;
步骤(3).制备蒸腾抑制剂,方法是:
将小球藻剂A加入辅剂B中,搅拌均匀,得到免疫蒸腾抑制剂;小球藻剂A与辅剂B的体积比为0.01~0.05:1。
本发明利用了植物气孔感应微生物而免疫闭合的原理。具体而言,植物气孔感应微生物可主动闭合以便防止其进入致病的现象被称为气孔免疫。其机制是微生物或源于微生物的分子相关模式能够被植物气孔保卫细胞上的特异性受体所识别,在外源钙离子存在的条件下,引发保卫细胞内钙离子浓度发生振荡性变化,进而引发OST1激酶的活性升高, ROS和NO的产生,异源三聚体G蛋白的活化和K+通道的开闭和MAPK信号级联的活化等一系列信号通路,最终诱导气孔关闭以防御微生物的入侵。自然界中,植物气孔又控制着植物的蒸腾和光合作用,由于蒸腾速率与气孔开度接近正相关,而光合速率随气孔开度增加则呈饱和曲线(10%气孔开度时光合速率即已达90%以上),所以气孔感应微生物促进气孔开度适度变小可以提高植物的水分利用效率。且离体表皮条和活体喷施小球藻试验都一致证明,一定浓度和处理的小球藻可以诱发植物气孔相对开度(气孔开度/气孔长度)大幅度下降,进而增大气孔阻力,减少蒸腾失水,在一定时期内提高了植物的水分利用效率。
本发明具有的有益效果是:
1.基于气孔免疫闭合机理的纯生物性节水制剂,比各类已有蒸腾抑制剂更具有节水、环保和成本优势;
2.小球藻为光合培养生产,不仅没有碳排放,还可形成新的碳汇,将使相关生产过程退向负碳生产阶段;
3.节水效果明显,适用范围广,是干旱和半干旱地区农林植物理想的蒸腾抑制节水剂。
具体实施方式
实施例1.
步骤(1).制备小球藻剂A:
首先将淡水小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11固体培养基中,置于25℃恒温光照培养箱中培养48h,得到活化后的小球藻;
然后将活化后的小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11液体培养基中,置于转速150r/min的摇床上振荡培养,培养温度为20℃,培养时间为10个光照周期;一个光照周期为24小时,首先采用光强为2000Lx的白色荧光灯光照14h,再置于黑暗中10h;
将培养后的小球藻置于离心机中离心,取沉淀物干燥称重,用蒸馏水进行稀释,得到纯小球藻液,纯小球藻液中纯小球藻含量为10g/L;纯小球藻液置于121℃,0.12Mpa压强下灭活60min,制成小球藻剂A;小球藻剂A于-20℃冻存;
步骤(2).将CaCl2·2H2O和羧化壳聚糖溶解于蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到辅剂B;辅剂B中CaCl2·2H2O的浓度为3g/L,羧化壳聚糖的浓度为0.01 g/L;
步骤(3).取50ml小球藻剂A加入1L辅剂B中,搅拌均匀,得到免疫蒸腾抑制剂。
实施例2.
步骤(1).制备小球藻剂A:
首先将淡水小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11固体培养基中,置于25℃恒温光照培养箱中培养48h,得到活化后的小球藻;
然后将活化后的小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11液体培养基中,置于转速160r/min的摇床上振荡培养,培养温度为23℃,培养时间为8个光照周期;一个光照周期为24小时,首先采用光强为2500Lx的白色荧光灯光照14h,再置于黑暗中10h;
将培养后的小球藻置于离心机中离心,取沉淀物干燥称重,用蒸馏水进行稀释,得到纯小球藻液,纯小球藻液中纯小球藻含量为15g/L;纯小球藻液置于121℃,0.13Mpa压强下灭活70min,制成小球藻剂A;小球藻剂A于-20℃冻存;
步骤(2).将CaCl2·2H2O和羧化壳聚糖溶解于蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到辅剂B;辅剂B中CaCl2·2H2O的浓度为3g/L,羧化壳聚糖的浓度为0.01 g/L;
步骤(3).取30ml小球藻剂A加入1L辅剂B中,搅拌均匀,得到免疫蒸腾抑制剂。
实施例3.
步骤(1).制备小球藻剂A:
首先将淡水小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11固体培养基中,置于25℃恒温光照培养箱中培养48h,得到活化后的小球藻;
然后将活化后的小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11液体培养基中,置于转速180r/min的摇床上振荡培养,培养温度为25℃,培养时间为7个光照周期;一个光照周期为24小时,首先采用光强为3000Lx的白色荧光灯光照14h,再置于黑暗中10h;
将培养后的小球藻置于离心机中离心,取沉淀物干燥称重,用蒸馏水进行稀释,得到纯小球藻液,纯小球藻液中纯小球藻含量为10g/L;纯小球藻液置于121℃,0.15Mpa压强下灭活80min,制成小球藻剂A;小球藻剂A于-20℃冻存;
步骤(2).将CaCl2·2H2O和羧化壳聚糖溶解于蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到辅剂B;辅剂B中CaCl2·2H2O的浓度为3g/L,羧化壳聚糖的浓度为0.01 g/L;
步骤(3).取10ml小球藻剂A加入1L辅剂B中,搅拌均匀,得到免疫蒸腾抑制剂。
以上实施例中所用的淡水小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)来自中国科学院典型培养物保藏委员会淡水藻种库,保藏编号为FACHB-7。
所采用的BG11液体培养基配方及含量为:硝酸钠1.5 g/L、磷酸氢二钾0.04g/L、硫酸镁0.075g/L、氯化钙0.036 g/L、柠檬酸0.006 g/L、柠檬酸铁铵0.006 g/L、乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.001g/L、碳酸钠0.02 g/L、硼酸0.00286 g/L、氯化锰0.00186g/L、硫酸锌0.00022g/L、钼酸钠0.00039g/L、硫酸铜0.00008g/L、硝酸钴0.00005g/L,用蒸馏水配制,然后用1mol/L的NaOH或HCl调pH至7.1;BG11固体培养基是在上述BG11液体培养基中按照每升15 g添加琼脂得到。
将以上三个实施例方法配制的蒸腾抑制剂和蒸馏水(做对照组)分别喷施到植物活体蚕豆的叶片表面,1h后显微镜下活体随机测量50个气孔的开度和长度来计算气孔相对开度(气孔开度/气孔长度),同时用CI-340测定叶片光合速率和蒸腾速率来计算水分利用效率(光合速率/蒸腾速率),结果用平均值和标准差来表示,如下表:
由上表可知三个实施例方法配制的蒸腾抑制剂能够明显的降低蚕豆的相对气孔开度(气孔开度/气孔长度)和提高蚕豆叶片的水分利用效率,达到良好的植物抗蒸腾效果。
Claims (1)
1.基于气孔感应小球藻闭合的免疫蒸腾抑制剂的制备方法,其特征在于该方法的具体步骤是:
步骤(1).制备小球藻剂A,方法是:
首先将淡水小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11固体培养基中,置于25℃恒温光照培养箱中培养48h,得到活化后的小球藻;所述的淡水小球藻来自中国科学院典型培养物保藏委员会淡水藻种库,保藏编号为FACHB-7;
然后将活化后的小球藻接种到灭菌后的BG11液体培养基中,置于转速150~180r/min的摇床上振荡培养,培养温度为20~25℃,培养时间为7~10个光照周期;一个光照周期为24小时,首先采用光强为2000~3000Lx的白色荧光灯光照14h,再置于黑暗中10h;
将培养后的小球藻置于离心机中离心,取沉淀物干燥称重,用蒸馏水进行稀释,得到纯小球藻液,纯小球藻液中纯小球藻含量为10~20g/L;将纯小球藻液置于121℃、0.12~0.15Mpa压强下灭活60~80min,制成小球藻剂A;小球藻剂A于-20℃下冻存;
所述的BG11液体培养基配方及含量为:硝酸钠1.5 g/L、磷酸氢二钾0.04g/L、硫酸镁0.075g/L、氯化钙0.036 g/L、柠檬酸0.006 g/L、柠檬酸铁铵0.006 g/L、乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.001g/L、碳酸钠0.02 g/L、硼酸0.00286 g/L、氯化锰0.00186g/L、硫酸锌0.00022g/L、钼酸钠0.00039g/L、硫酸铜0.00008g/L、硝酸钴0.00005g/L,用蒸馏水配制,然后用1mol/L的NaOH或HCl调pH至7.1;
所述的BG11固体培养基是在上述BG11液体培养基中按照每升15 g添加琼脂得到;
步骤(2).制备辅剂B,方法是:
将CaCl2·2H2O和羧化壳聚糖溶解于蒸馏水中,搅拌均匀,得到辅剂B;辅剂B中CaCl2·2H2O的浓度为3g/L,羧化壳聚糖的浓度为0.01 g/L;
步骤(3).制备蒸腾抑制剂,方法是:
将小球藻剂A加入辅剂B中,搅拌均匀,得到免疫蒸腾抑制剂;小球藻剂A与辅剂B的体积比为0.01~0.05:1。
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