CN102614758A - 基于尿素溶液的scr烟气脱硝工艺及装置 - Google Patents
基于尿素溶液的scr烟气脱硝工艺及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102614758A CN102614758A CN2012101180483A CN201210118048A CN102614758A CN 102614758 A CN102614758 A CN 102614758A CN 2012101180483 A CN2012101180483 A CN 2012101180483A CN 201210118048 A CN201210118048 A CN 201210118048A CN 102614758 A CN102614758 A CN 102614758A
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound 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NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝工艺及装置，该工艺为，从炉外或锅炉的二次风道内抽取热解风，该热解风经第一风机加压后再经设于锅炉炉膛或尾部烟道内的热解风加热器被加热到350～700℃，加热后的热解风再与新风混合进入热解反应风道中；尿素溶液经雾化喷枪喷入热解风道中，雾化后的尿素溶液在热解风道中热解为气态氨；气态氨从热解风道输出后经喷氨格栅喷入锅炉烟气中，参与设置在锅炉尾部烟道内的SCR催化反应器中的选择性催化还原反应。该基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝工艺及装置安全性高，且结构简单，易于实施。
Description
基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于烟气氮氧化物减排（脱硝）技术领域，涉及ー种基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置
背景技术
[0002] 烟气选择性催化还原（SCR)脱硝エ艺是目前烟气脱硝的主要技木。SCRエ艺是在催化剂作用下，氨基还原剂与烟气中的NO发生选择性还原反应，使之生成N2和水，从而消除污染。为保证混合和反应效果，要求氨基还原剂采用喷氨格栅以气态形式均匀喷入烟道内，故其还原剂一般采用易于蒸发的液氨。但液氨属危险化学品，其运输、贮存均有严格的限制，给初期建设和运行管理均带来较多的不便，増加建设投资和运行费用，并且给电厂和周边区域带来安全隐患和环境污染风险。
[0003] 现有技术中，如果使用尿素作还原剂，则需先将尿素热解，使变为气态氨分子再喷入烟道。美国FUEL TECH有ー套尿素热解制氨エ艺专利技术，其主要技术方案为：在特别设计的热解室内，利用天然气或燃油将室外空气加热后热解尿素溶液制成气态氨。该技术的缺点是采用天然气或燃油作为热源，运行费用高。中国专利文献中，“直喷尿素法SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置”（专利申请号：201010582020. 6)是将固态尿素粉末直接喷入烟道内，利用烟气温度将尿素热解成气态氨，烟温偏低，热解效果不很理想一种用于锅炉烟气脱硝的尿素制氨エ艺及其系统”(专利申请号：201010252649. 4)是对美国FUEL TECH套尿素热解制氨エ艺专利技术的改良，将自然风利用高温烟气加热制成热解风，该方案同样也采用美国FUEL TECH的专利中所提到的热解室进行尿素溶液热解，同样具有热解室结构复杂，投资大的缺点。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置，该基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置安全性高，且结构简单，易于实施。
[0005] 发明的技术解决方案如下：
[0006] 一种基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺，从炉外或锅炉的二次风道内抽取热解风，该热解风经第一风机加压后再经设于锅炉炉膛或尾部烟道内的热解风加热器被加热到350〜700°C，加热后的热解风再与新风混合进入热解反应风道中；
[0007] 质量浓度为30% -50%的尿素溶液经雾化喷枪喷入热解反应风道中，雾化后的尿素溶液在热解反应风道中热解为气态氨；气态氨从热解反应风道输出后经喷氨格栅喷入锅炉烟气中，參与设置在锅炉尾部烟道内的SCR催化反应器中的选择性催化还原反应。
[0008] 从喷氨格栅喷入锅炉烟气中的气态氨在锅炉尾部烟道内依次经混合器、导流板和整流器后进入SCR反应器中參与选择性催化还原反应。
[0009] 锅炉预热器后的热空气在锅炉内通过热解风加热器被加热到350〜700°C，满足尿素热解所需的空气温度和风量，达到喷射入热解反应风道内尿素溶液的完全分解。[0010] 经过锅炉内的热解风加热器的空气管道上设有新风调温风机和阀门，以控制混合后的热空气温度和风量。
[0011] 尿素溶液由溶液贮罐经加压泵加压后再经溶液计量分配装置后进入雾化喷枪。
[0012] 所述的雾化喷枪为多组。
[0013] 从炉外或锅炉的二次风道内抽取热解风，该热解风经第一风机加压后进入锅炉内的热解风加热器，加压风机的压カ范围为6000-10000Pa【满足热解空气的管道阻力损失后的氨喷射格栅的压力要求】。
[0014] 一种基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝装置，包括热解反应风道、第一风机、第二风机、热解风加热器、溶液贮罐、加压泵、雾化喷枪以及设置在锅炉尾部烟道内的喷氨格栅和SCR催化反应器；
[0015] 热解风加热器设置在于锅炉炉膛或尾部烟道内；
[0016] 第一风机的出风ロ接热解风加热器的入ロ，热解风加热器的出ロ接热解反应风道的进风ロ ；第一风机的进风ロ经风阀接锅炉的二次风道或经风阀接炉外空气；
[0017] 第二风机的入口接炉外空气，第二风机的出口经风阀与热解反应风道的进风ロ相连；
[0018] 溶液贮罐中的尿素溶液经加压泵和溶液管道输出到雾化喷枪的溶液入口 ；雾化喷枪的喷嘴伸入到热解反应风道中；
[0019] 热解反应风道的气态氨出ロ接喷氨格柵。
[0020] 在溶液管道上设有计量分配装置。
[0021] 热解反应风道上设有一段喷枪固定管，喷枪固定管的入口处设有用于安装雾化喷枪的喷枪固定法兰。
[0022] 本发明的技术构思如下：
[0023] 本发明的基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置，从锅炉空气预热器后的ニ次风中（或炉外自然风）取少量热空气经过高温烟气加热后用于尿素溶液热解。为提高此热解风的温度，在锅炉炉膛内或尾部烟道中（比如高温蒸汽过热器和低温蒸汽过热器之间或低温蒸汽过热器和省煤器之间）插入ー个热解风加热器，将热解风温度提高至350°C _700°C，通过热解风道接入SCR的喷氨格栅（AIG)。在AIG前的热解风道内直接喷入配制好的尿素溶液，高温热解风可直接将尿素溶液分解成气态氨，满足SCR脱硝还原剂的需要，这样利用锅炉烟气自身热能将尿素溶液热解成气态氨，由喷氨格栅（AIG)喷入脱硝反应器前的烟气，经混合和导流后均匀进入催化反应器，经催化发生选择性还原反应，使烟气中的NOx转变成N2和H2O,从而实现脱除氮氧化物的目的。
[0024] 热解风经一台变频控制的第一风机从空气预热器后的二次风中抽出（或从炉外自然风中抽取），风机前加设电动（气动）调节风门，同时在加热器后加设自然风旁路及电动（气动）自然风调节阀，自然风通过第二风机从炉外自然空气中抽取。上述设置协同作用可稳定控制热解风量和温度，使之与锅炉脱硝所需喷入的尿素溶液或氨水溶液量相匹配。
[0025] 热解风加热器是一台气-气换热器，为节省空间，采用直进直出的排管形式，热解风在排管内部流过，锅炉高温烟气从排管外部垂直流过，互相换热后，使热解风温度升至350-700 °C。
[0026] 尿素先经溶解配制成30% -50%的溶液，贮存于贮罐内。用时经泵加压和调节流量后，直接经雾化喷枪喷入热解反应风道内。
[0027] 尿素溶液喷枪采用316或316L材质制成，加设压缩空气辅助雾化，喷枪与溶液输送管和压缩空气进管之间为高压不锈钢软管相连，喷枪可自由插入和抽出风道，喷嘴与枪管为螺纹连接，可更换
[0028] 热解风换热后的风道采用不锈钢或不锈钢与碳钢的复合材料制成（内层为不锈钢），风道外进行保温。
[0029] 本发明亦适用于用氨水作脱硝还原剂的场合。氨水在此装置内经热解风加热气化成气态氨，同样经喷氨格栅喷入脱硝反应器前的烟道，经混合、导流后均匀进入催化反应器，将烟气中的NO还原成N2和水，从而实现烟气脱硝目的。
[0030] 有益效果：
[0031] 本发明的基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置，具有以下突出优点：
[0032] (I)安全性高：用尿素溶液代替液氨作SCR脱硝还原剂后，安全性更高，运输和存储更为方便，从而也进ー步消除了电厂特别是城区电厂的一大安全隐患和环境风险，可简化脱硝装置报批手续。
[0033] (2)节约成本，节约能耗：本发明利用锅炉本身的高温烟气自身热能将SCR脱硝用的尿素溶液热解成气态氨，克服了现有エ艺中用天然气或燃油等外部热源进行热解而运行费用高的不足，同时因热解风相对于锅炉二次风和烟气量都非常小，对锅炉本身运行影响亦非常小（可忽略不计）。同时，本エ艺也充分利用了锅炉烟气的热量，避免了外部热量的消耗，提高了锅炉热量的利用率。
[0034] (3)本发明利用锅炉二次风的高温风再经锅炉内的换热器进行加热，减小了了锅炉换热器的换热体积，更加便于换热器的设计和施工安装，降低了对锅炉本身结构的影响，便于实施。
[0035] (4)可使尿素热解不需其他燃料作热源，降低脱硝系统的运行费用。
[0036] 总体来说，本发明的基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置使得SCR脱硝技木，是对现有エ艺和装置的重大改良，在应用上更加简便、安全性更高，同时也节省投资、运行管理费用低。
附图说明
[0037] 图I是基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置总图；
[0038] 图2是尿素溶液喷枪示意图。
[0039] 标号说明：1 :锅炉炉膛；2 :锅炉二次风道；3 :风阀；
[0040] 4 :第一风机；5 :热解风加热器；6 :第二风机；7 :热解反应风道；
[0041] 8 :喷氨格栅（AIG) ；9 :混合器；10 :导流板；11 :整流装置；12 :SCR催化反应器；13 :空气预热器；14 :烟道；15 :溶液贮罐；16 :加压泵；17 :溶液计量分配装置；18 :雾化喷枪；20 :喷枪固定短管；
[0042] 21 :喷枪固定法兰；22 :雾化喷枪；23 :溶液进ロ ；24 :雾化压缩空气进ロ ；25 :喷嘴。
具体实施方式[0043] 以下将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进ー步详细说明：
[0044] 实施例I :基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置：
[0045] 如图I所示，从空气预热器后的二次风道上引出热解风，经第一风机加压后（加压范围6000-10000Pa，满足氨喷射格栅的压力要求），在热解风加热器内被锅炉烟气加热到350 〜700 °C ；
[0046] 配制好的30% -50%尿素溶液贮存于贮罐内，经尿素溶液泵加压和计量分配装置 控制流量，由雾化喷枪喷入上述被加热后的热解风内；
[0047] 雾化后的尿素在高温下迅速热解成气态氨，达到< 5%的安全指标，经喷氨格栅(AIG)均匀喷入脱硝反应器进气烟道内，经混合器与烟气充分混合，经由导流板和整流器后均匀进入脱硝反应器，在催化剂作用下将烟气中的NO还原成N2,完成脱硝过程。
[0048] 第一风机采用变频风机，通过变频控制热解风量，以与脱硝所需喷入的尿素溶液量相匹配。
[0049] 在热解风加热器后加设自然风旁路，自然风由第二风机从炉外自然风中抽取，并加设电动（气动）冷风调节阀（即风阀），通过调节冷风量来稳定控制热解风温度。
[0050] 如图2所示，为使尿素溶液雾化更好，尿素溶液喷枪加设压缩空气辅助雾化，喷枪可自由插入或抽出检修，喷嘴可更换。
[0051] 实施例2 :基于氨水的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺及装置：
[0052] 如图I所示，从炉外抽取热解风，经热解风机加压至6000_10000Pa后，在热解风加热器内被锅炉烟气加热到350〜700°C。
[0053] 15% -20%的氨水溶液贮存于贮罐内，经氨水泵加压和计量分配装置控制流量，由喷枪喷入上述被加热后的热解风内；
[0054] 雾化后的氨在高温下迅速气化成气态氨，经喷氨格栅均匀喷入脱硝反应器进气烟道内，经混合器与烟气充分混合，经由导流板和整流器后均匀进入脱硝反应器，在催化剂作用下将烟气中的NO还原成N2，完成脱硝过程。
[0055] 以上所述，仅描述了基本的实放过程，并非对实施过程的限制。所属领域的技术人员在上述说明的基础上还可做出其他不同形式的变化，本说明无法也无需对所有实施方式的变化全部列出，而由此所引出的显而易见的变化形式均处于本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1. 一种基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺，其特征在于，从炉外或锅炉的二次风道内抽取热解风，该热解风经第一风机加压后再经设于锅炉炉膛或尾部烟道内的热解风加热器被加热到350〜700°C，加热后的热解风再与新风混合进入热解反应风道中； 质量浓度为30% -50%的尿素溶液经雾化喷枪喷入热解反应风道中，雾化后的尿素溶液在热解反应风道中热解为气态氨；气态氨从热解反应风道输出后经喷氨格栅喷入锅炉烟气中，參与设置在锅炉尾部烟道内的SCR催化反应器中的选择性催化还原反应。
2.根据权利要求I所述的基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺，其特征在干，从喷氨格栅喷入锅炉烟气中的气态氨在锅炉尾部烟道内依次经混合器、导流板和整流器后进入SCR反应器中參与选择性催化还原反应。
3.根据权利要求I所述的基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺，其特征在干，经过锅炉内的热解风加热器的空气管道上设有新风调温风机和阀门，以控制混合后的热空气温度和风量。
4.根据权利要求I所述的基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺，其特征在于，尿素溶液由溶液贮罐经加压泵加压后再经溶液计量分配装置后进入雾化喷枪。
5.根据权利要求I所述的基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺，其特征在于，所述的雾化喷枪为多组。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺，其特征在于，从炉外或锅炉的二次风道内抽取热解风，该热解风经第一风机加压后进入锅炉内的热解风加热器，加压风机的压カ范围为6000-10000Pa。
7. ー种基于权利要求I所述的基于尿素溶液的SCR烟气脱硝エ艺的装置，其特征在干，包括热解反应风道、第一风机、第二风机、热解风加热器、溶液贮罐、加压泵、雾化喷枪以及设置在锅炉尾部烟道内的喷氨格栅和SCR催化反应器； 热解风加热器设置在于锅炉炉膛或尾部烟道内； 第一风机的出风ロ接热解风加热器的入ロ，热解风加热器的出ロ接热解反应风道的进风ロ ；第一风机的进风ロ经风阀接锅炉的二次风道或经风阀接炉外空气； 第二风机的入口接炉外空气，第二风机的出口经风阀与热解反应风道的进风ロ相连； 溶液贮罐中的尿素溶液经加压泵和溶液管道输出到雾化喷枪的溶液入口 ；雾化喷枪的喷嘴伸入到热解反应风道中； 热解反应风道的气态氨出ロ接喷氨格柵。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，在溶液管道上设有计量分配装置。
9.根据权利要求7-8任一项所述的装置，其特征在干，热解反应风道上设有一段喷枪固定管，喷枪固定管的入口处设有用于安装雾化喷枪的喷枪固定法兰。
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