CN104906932A - 一种引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置 - Google Patents
一种引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104906932A CN104906932A CN201510254216.5A CN201510254216A CN104906932A CN 104906932 A CN104906932 A CN 104906932A CN 201510254216 A CN201510254216 A CN 201510254216A CN 104906932 A CN104906932 A CN 104906932A
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- flue gas
- urea
- pyrolysis
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound 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NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous Oxide Chemical class 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置，包括热解炉、锅炉、烟道、烟气引出管、除尘器、调节风通道、喷枪、雾化空气管道及尿素溶液制备系统；锅炉的烟气出口与烟道的入口相连通，烟气引出管与烟道侧面的开口相连通，烟气引出管的出口与除尘器的烟气入口相连通，除尘器的烟气出口与调节风通道的出口通过管道并管后与热解炉顶部的烟气入口相连通，调节风通道内设有可调节挡板，烟道内设有喷氨格栅，热解炉上的气体出口与烟道内的喷氨格栅相连通；喷枪的喷头位于热解炉中，喷枪的入口与尿素溶液制备系统的出口及雾化空气管道的出口相连通。本发明可以不依赖电加热器实现尿素的热解，并且成本低。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于节能环保领域，涉及一种热解装置，具体涉及一种引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置。
背景技术
[0002] 煤粉锅炉降低氮氧化物排放，普遍采用SCR脱硝工艺，根据还原剂的存储、制备方式不同，SCR脱硝工艺可分为:液氨法、氨水法、尿素法等。
[0003] 液氨和氨水都是有毒物质，其运输和储存都属于重大危险源，具有较大的安全风险。国家对这两种物质的管控相当严格，项目前期需要使用单位取得运输线路许可、储存的安全性评估、及环评认证等支持性文件。项目后期需要使用单位向危险化学品使用登记机构进行登记注册，取得危险化学品使用登记证。
[0004] 在液氨、氨水、尿素中进行还原剂选择，国际上一般是从安全角度考虑。尽管国外防范液氨事故的技术越来越细，但由于从当局获得液氨的使用许可证越来越困难，安全防范要求越来越多，相应花费的安全成本也越来越大，因此，现在氨水和尿素正越来越多地作为脱硝还原剂使用，特别是最近10年，采用尿素作为还原剂的SCR比例迅速上升，逐渐成为脱硝还原剂制备的主流工艺。目前，出于固定投资和运行费用考虑，国内多数SCR装置选用液氨法还原剂制备工艺，但在对安全性要求严格的地区，尿素热解法仍然为最终选择。尿素热解系统通常由热一次风接引管道、电加热器、热解炉组成。热一次风分别引自锅炉空预器热一次风出口风道，并引至电加热器入口。电加热器通常采用U型布置，经加热后的热风能够满足尿素热解反应热量需求，且保证产生的还原性混合气体不出现再次结晶现象。热解炉通常垂直布置。尿素溶液喷射/分配系统中设置数支尿素溶液雾化喷枪，利用计量模块装置对喷枪中尿素溶液的和雾化空气流量进行计量、分配、控制和调节。目前尿素热解的主要技术不足在于电加热器的高电耗，造成电厂每年过高的运行成本。
[0005]目前已有相关专利技术利用锅炉乏气通过增设换热器，加热脱硝尿素热解炉稀释风，但由于加热后稀释风温度需再提高至目标温度，所以电加热继续保留，还需要一定的运行成本。而且通过换热器后的乏汽的排放问题并没有很好的解决。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置，该装置可以不依赖电加热器实现尿素的热解，并且成本低。
[0007] 为达到上述目的，本发明所述的引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置包括热解炉、锅炉、烟道、烟气引出管、除尘器、调节风通道、喷枪、雾化空气管道及尿素溶液制备系统；
[0008] 所述锅炉的烟气出口与烟道的入口相连通，烟气引出管与烟道侧面的开口相连通，烟气引出管的出口与除尘器的烟气入口相连通，除尘器的烟气出口与调节风通道的出口通过管道并管后与热解炉顶部的烟气入口相连通，调节风通道内设有可调节挡板，烟道内设有喷氨格栅，热解炉上的气体出口与烟道内的喷氨格栅相连通；
[0009] 所述喷枪的喷头位于热解炉中，喷枪的入口与尿素溶液制备系统的出口及雾化空气管道的出口相连通。
[0010] 还包括风机，风机的气体入口与热解炉上的气体出口相连通，风机的气体出口与烟道内的喷氨格栅相连通。
[0011] 所述尿素溶液制备系统的出口通过尿素溶液计量控制器与喷枪的入口相连通。
[0012] 还包括与喷枪的入口相连通的冲洗水管道，冲洗水管道上设有阀门。
[0013] 所述热解炉的气体出口位于热解炉的底部。
[0014] 本发明具有以下有益效果:
[0015] 本发明所述的引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置在工作时，烟气引出管从烟道中引出一路高温烟气，并将所述高温烟气经除尘后进入到热解炉中，通过高温烟气的热量来为尿素的热解提供热量，不需要将电能转换为热能，从而避免电加热器的使用，热解炉输出的烟气与烟气的混合气体经烟道内的喷氨格栅喷射到烟道中，实现脱硝反应的目的，本发明有效解决了火力发电成脱硝尿素热解系统中能耗高的问题，优化原有的脱硝解热系统，更好的降低烟气脱硝的运行成本，节能减排，具有较强的实用性。
附图说明
[0016] 图1为本发明的结构示意图。
[0017] 其中，I为尿素溶液制备系统、2为热解炉、3为喷氨格栅、4为风机、5为烟气引出管、6为除尘器、7为调节风通道、8为尿素溶液计量控制器、9为喷枪、10为冲洗水管道、11
为雾化空气管道。
具体实施方式
[0018] 下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述:
[0019] 参考图1，本发明所述的引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置包括热解炉2、锅炉、烟道、烟气引出管5、除尘器6、调节风通道7、喷枪9、雾化空气管道11及尿素溶液制备系统I ;锅炉的烟气出口与烟道的入口相连通，烟气引出管5与烟道侧面的开口相连通，烟气引出管5的出口与除尘器6的烟气入口相连通，除尘器6的烟气出口与调节风通道7的出口通过管道并管后与热解炉2顶部的烟气入口相连通，调节风通道7内设有可调节挡板，烟道内设有喷氨格栅3，热解炉2上的气体出口与烟道内的喷氨格栅3相连通；喷枪9的喷头位于热解炉2中，喷枪9的入口与尿素溶液制备系统I的出口及雾化空气管道11的出口相连通。
[0020] 需要说明的是，本发明还包括风机4，风机4的气体入口与热解炉2上的气体出口相连通，风机4的气体出口与烟道内的喷氨格栅3相连通；尿素溶液制备系统I的出口通过尿素溶液计量控制器8与喷枪9的入口相连通。本发明还包括与喷枪9的入口相连通的冲洗水管道10，冲洗水管道10上设有阀门；热解炉2的气体出口位于热解炉2的底部。
[0021] 本发明的具体工作过程为:
[0022] 烟气引出管5从烟道中引出550〜650°C的高温烟气经除尘器6滤除，除尘后的高温烟气通过调节风通道7调节进入到热解炉2内烟气的温度后从热解炉2顶部的烟气入口进入到热解炉2中，同时尿素制备系统制备的尿素溶液通过尿素溶液计量控制器8调节流量后与雾化空气管道11输出的雾化空气一起进入到喷枪9入口中，尿素溶液经喷枪9压缩空气雾化成小液滴，然后经喷头喷入热解炉2中，并利用热解炉2中高温烟气的热量进行热解生成氨气，热解炉2输出的烟气及氨气的混合气体经风机4引流后从烟道内的喷氨格栅3喷入到烟道中，实现烟气内脱硝反应的目的。
Claims (5)
1.一种引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置，其特征在于，包括热解炉(2)、锅炉、烟道、烟气引出管(5)、除尘器¢)、调节风通道(7)、喷枪(9)、雾化空气管道(11)及尿素溶液制备系统(I); 所述锅炉的烟气出口与烟道的入口相连通，烟气引出管(5)与烟道侧面的开口相连通，烟气引出管(5)的出口与除尘器(6)的烟气入口相连通，除尘器(6)的烟气出口与调节风通道(7)的出口通过管道并管后与热解炉(2)顶部的烟气入口相连通，调节风通道(7)内设有可调节挡板，烟道内设有喷氨格栅(3)，热解炉(2)上的气体出口与烟道内的喷氨格栅⑶相连通； 所述喷枪(9)的喷头位于热解炉⑵中，喷枪(9)的入口与尿素溶液制备系统(I)的出口及雾化空气管道(11)的出口相连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置，其特征在于，还包括风机(4)，风机(4)的气体入口与热解炉(2)上的气体出口相连通，风机(4)的气体出口与烟道内的喷氨格栅(3)相连通。
3.根据权利要求1所述的引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置，其特征在于，所述尿素溶液制备系统(I)的出口通过尿素溶液计量控制器(8)与喷枪(9)的入口相连通。
4.根据权利要求1所述的引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置，其特征在于，还包括与喷枪(9)的入口相连通的冲洗水管道(10)，冲洗水管道(10)上设有阀门。
5.根据权利要求1所述的引用高温烟气加热脱硝尿素的热解装置，其特征在于，所述热解炉(2)的气体出口位于热解炉(2)的底部。
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