CN102607966B - Large contact surface characteristic direct shear apparatus with cycle loading function - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large contact surface characteristic direct shear apparatus with cycle loading function, in particular to a novel large direct shear apparatus for researching the interface frictional characteristics between soils, between geo-synthetic and soil or between geo-synthetics, wherein the apparatus is applied for the equal shear surface test or variable shear surface test between optional two materials, and the direct shear apparatus is particularly applied for performing the interface characteristic test research under the functions of vertical cycle loading and horizontal cycle loading.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the large-scale direct shear apparatus of interface friction characteristics between a kind of novel research soil body and between geosynthetics-soil body or between geosynthetics, be applicable to waiting shear surface or becoming shear surface test between the two arbitrarily; Especially can carry out in vertical and level to the interfacial characteristics experimental study under cyclic load, this is that emphasis of the present invention is innovated place.
Background technology
In civil engineering work especially Geotechnical Engineering, conventionally run into earth structure for example Reinforced Embankment, reinforced earth retaining wall structure, reinforced slope structure etc.And for example, in water resources dam engineering, the surface of contact between concrete dam and the soil body is because the difference of bi-material has caused larger initial internal shear stress and displacement non-continuous event, therefore the weak link that surface of contact position is dam engineering to have an accident.The thin spot of these engineering structures is the surface of contact of muscle material and the soil body, although muscle material add-integral body of determining to have strengthened in meaning the soil body (sandy soil is particularly evident) is restrictive, but also weaken the natural structure that has destroyed inside soil body simultaneously, make muscle soil contact face become the most dangerous local failure point in structure.Therefore, muscle Soil Interface characteristic research becomes the hot issue in reinforced earth field.
At present, the test apparatus of association area expert and scholar's research muscle Soil Interface characteristic mostly concentrates on both at home and abroad: direct shear apparatus and drawing instrument.But it is less that most direct shear apparatus mostly is size, can not meet the impact of desired boundary effect in Practical Project; Or upper and lower shear box size is equal, and shear surface changes in shear history, must give certain correction in the calculating in later stage, can cause the validity of test figure and authenticity to reduce; Also have a lot of interface shearing instruments need to only comprise shear box, down cut box is stiffener plate, the boundary strength that can cause like this geosynthetics opening part is the friction between soil particle and steel plate, rather than the real friction between particle and grid, and acquired results is low compared with truth.In addition, the interfacial characteristics research that current direct shear apparatus concentrates under dead load effect is mostly upper, and less for the experimental study under dynamic load function, this has just related to the similarities and differences of load mode.Research direction based on roadbed dynamic response under seminar's action of traffic loading, autonomous Design has been researched and developed the large-scale direct shear apparatus that can apply circulation dynamic loading, has met scientific research needs and comparatively true and reliable test figure is provided.
Consult domestic and international pertinent literature known, domestic representational dynamic load cyclic test instrument has at present: the large-scale surface of contact circular loading shear apparatus that Tsing-Hua University's geotechnical study is developed, shear box is of a size of 250*250mm, and normal direction and tangential peak load are 200kN.At shear box sidewall, organic glass form is housed, and adopts digital photo technologies can omnidistance record the phenomenons such as thin sight state arrangement, particle long axis direction, the slip of particle ocular structure face, particle rotation and Particle Breakage of soil particle, be convenient to analyze; And can further determine that soil and structural member relative displacement are along the distribution of surface of contact and the thickness of surface of contact.In addition, the large scale structure face boxshear apparatus (SJW-200) of Tongji University's development can carry out the quiet dynamic test research of multiple material structure interface, by servo loading instrument energy in the vertical direction, applies simple cyclic load.The simple shear apparatus that the shear box of the developments such as Changjiang Academy of sciences is of a size of 600*600mm can carry out the interface friction characteristics research of inside soil body and geosynthetics.
Although the more traditional instrument of above-mentioned direct shear apparatus is more improved places, still can not meet the comparatively requirement of real simulation muscle Soil Interface rubbing characteristics in engineering reality.There are some problems: upper and lower shear box size is fixed (the measure-alike or different) contrast test of can not being correlated with; Use hydraulic control system measuring accuracy not reach scientific research requirement; Down cut box is rigidity backing plate, and the soil body and the research of various geosynthetics rubbing characteristics are limited, and has reduced the scope of application of boxshear apparatus; Fail to apply vertical cyclic load and can not simulate the shearing friction characteristic of inside soil body under action of traffic loading; Other also have the automatization level of equipment not high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose the large-scale surface of contact direct shear apparatus of a kind of CYCLIC LOADING, this equipment is the large-scale muscle material soil body interface friction characteristics research equipment of independent research design, not only can carry out the shear property test of the soil body self inside, and can carry out the experimental study of rubbing characteristics between the soil body and surface of contact (comprising concrete surface, other dissimilar soil body surface of contact, geosynthetics etc.).This large-scale direct shear apparatus can be in vertical and level to the dynamic load (comprising static load) that applies different loading frequencies and amplitude, but also can wait the function of shear surface and change shear surface direct shear test, the comparison test analysis of being correlated with.Sample shear area 500*500mm, applicant shows by consulting domestic and international related specifications: Ministry of Water Resources promulgate " minimum dimension that " test of road soil geosynthetics " that geosynthetics test procedure 》Ji Ministry of Communications promulgates provided direct shear test is 300mm; The ASTM D5321 standard code that U.S. engineering materials association formulates the minimum specimen size of direct shear test be also 300mm.For this equipment, not only meet the dimensional requirement of related specifications to direct shear test, and can use larger sized sample, be enough to desalinate the test error that boundary effect is brought.The outside larger-size water bath in addition of down cut box, can study at the interface friction characteristics of filling the situation Imitating saturated sand of water in addition.
The technical scheme that completes foregoing invention is:
Large-scale interface direct shear apparatus under a kind of cyclic load, the direct shear test box of this invention adopts the not equidimension design of upper and lower box size, at down cut box sidewall, add Stiff Block upper and lower shear area is equated, thus the Experimental Comparison analysis of be correlated with uniform cross section or unequal section.Main innovate point is vertical loading way, and in top frame structure, the present invention adopts the MOOG servo-loading unit of imported from America, at the cyclic load that vertically applies different frequency and amplitude, is furnished with vertical load sensor and vertical LVDT displacement transducer simultaneously; On the right side of framed structure, be provided with horizontal shear force loading device, in this device, be provided with servomotor and apply horizontal loading, be furnished with horizontal direction load sensor and horizontal LVDT displacement transducer simultaneously.This large-scale direct shear apparatus comprises shear box, down cut box and be placed in the vertical pressure load plate on shear box, be characterised in that the upper and lower shear box another side down cut box that aligns is larger on one side, the inner side kissing merging of the periphery of pressure transmission plate and upper shear box leaves certain gap, when guaranteeing to apply vertical pressure, can not produce metal platen and can not produce friction with upper shear box sidewall, in the present invention, vertical pressure load plate is divided into two kinds, a kind of is that thickness is the flat pressure transmission plate of 20mm, another kind is that thickness is the trapezoidal longitudinal section pressure transmission plate of 60～70mm, the employing of different-thickness pressure transmission plate make test in different-thickness soil layer become can may, study different overlying soils for the impact of muscle Soil Interface characteristic, in down cut box, can place T font stiffness bearer, carry out the interface friction characteristics test between the soil body and geosynthetics.
Wherein, described upper shear box is of a size of 500mm*500mm*150mm.
Wherein, described down cut box is of a size of 600mm*500mm*150mm; Compared with upper shear box longitudinal size, increase 100mm;
Wherein, stiffness bearer can be placed in described down cut box inside, and the periphery of cushion block and down cut box inner side match, and surface size is 600mm*500mm, and downside is that rigidity bar is with support plate.
Wherein, described down cut box comprises 5 screws along shear direction another side side plate top, comprises in addition stainless steel press strip a slice, and geosynthetics is fixed on to its surface, and dress is native on the geosynthetics fixing.
The present invention compares and has following prioritization scheme with existing prior art:
(1). described down cut box is longer than upper shear box, and the stiffness bearer that built-in and high, the wide size of shear box are identical can regulate the size of down cut box, waits the direct shear test of shear surface, also can become the direct shear test of shear surface; The two can carry out contrast test, analyzes shear box size effect for the impact of muscle Soil Interface characteristic.
(2). described pressure transmission plate is divided into two kinds: a kind of is flat pressure transmission plate as above, and another kind is trapezoidal longitudinal section pressure transmission plate; The application of two kinds of different pressure transmission board sizes can change shear box soil thickness flexibly, can simulate the interface friction characteristics of different depth reinforcement soil layer in Practical Project, and in analysis, overburden layer thickness is for the impact of Reinforced Material with Clay Engineering.
(3). described down cut box is to be partly placed in size and the identical water bath of down cut box, in case, can be full of water or part water, simulate different water cut (saturated unsaturation) or different underground water table and go out the interfacial characteristics of reinforced earth Cen, the analysis of multianalysis water sensitivity soil reinforcement effects.
(4). described instrument right-hand member has integrated instrument control stand, divide level and vertical two block operations panels, can carry out rapid adjustment to facilitate the assembling of soil sample to the normal direction load means of instrument, can to load means, carry out rapid adjustment to facilitate shear box it is adjusted to the level of instrument, and the speed regulating can be controlled voluntarily by operator simultaneously.
(5). described vertical force bringing device, is used U.S. MOOG servo loading equipment, auto lift to form mechanical operating part; Also assemble in addition vertical load sensor and vertical LVDT sensor and data acquisition circuit and formed vertical force control gear, by guidance panel and computer software, formed the closed-loop control of vertical force device.
(6). described horizontal shear force bringing device, is used Mitsubishi's servomotor, automatic speed variator to form mechanical operating part; Also assemble in addition horizontal loading sensor and horizontal LVDT sensor and data acquisition system (DAS) and formed vertical force control gear, by guidance panel and computer software, formed the closed-loop control of vertical force device.
(7). described whole equipment load sensor and the measurement of displacement transducer are completed by control module, complete the control of vertical load and vertical displacement, and complete in real time with the exchanges data of computer software, accept the instruction of computer software and complete relevant control.Computer data acquisition system adopts two kinds of different system of units, the engineering system of units and motor step numeral system, convenient storage and the record that accurately facilitates data of conversion between the two.Software has friendly operation interface, carries out in time collection and the record of data, real-time rendering be correlated with compression curve, shearing force and vertical force relation curve etc., and data will take binary recording mode to improve the treatment effeciency of mass data.
The large-scale interface of cyclic load of the present invention direct shear apparatus the shear surface such as has and becomes two kinds of behaviour's interaction energies of shear surface, have and other patent differences are can to apply as required in process of the test the test of muscle Soil Interface characteristic under the vertical force simulation loop load action of different frequency and amplitude, more truly reflect all sidedly the interfacial characteristics under cyclic load in road engineering, shear box size and function can be simulated various working condition comparatively comprehensively, and the collection arrangement of data, the drafting of chart show can accomplish precise and high efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The front view of Fig. 1---example of the present invention.
The vertical view of Fig. 2---example of the present invention.
The normal direction servo-loading unit schematic diagram of Fig. 3---example of the present invention.
The down cut box device schematic diagram of Fig. 4---example of the present invention.
The guidance panel schematic diagram of Fig. 5---example of the present invention.
The top-loaded plate schematic diagram of Fig. 6---example of the present invention.
Embodiment
Example 1, the present invention is the large-scale interface of cyclic load direct shear apparatus.
Shown in Figure 1, its critical piece comprises that framed structure 1, vertical load apply parts 2, vertically LVDT displacement transducer 3, upper shear box 6, down cut box 7, upper shear box fixed support 8, water bath 9, vertical pressure load plate 10, horizontal loading apply parts 4, horizontal LVDT displacement transducer 5 and bottom supporting equipment 11, comprise in addition external opertaing device device 13.
Shown in Figure 2, it mainly comprises that whole framed structure 1, upper and lower shear box 6,7 and vertical levels are to the airborne control panel 12 of load.
Shown in Fig. 3, be mainly the vertical load bringing device of present device, for servomotor forms, can apply the cyclic load of different frequency and amplitude, for muscle Soil Interface characteristic under research dynamic loading provides support.
Figure 4 shows that down cut box detail, comprise the intermediate plate 14 of fixing geosynthetics and control the stiffness bearer 15 of down cut box size, can realize the direct shear test that waits shear surface and change shear surface.
Figure 5 shows that charger control panel 12 details of present device, can by vertical and horizontal direction, operate to realize fast lifting and the movement of charger, improved test efficiency.
Figure 6 shows that the top-loaded plate of present device, a kind of is thicker trapezoid cross section pressure transmission plate 16, and another kind is thinner flat pressure transmission plate 17, can realize the upper overburden layer of different-thickness for the impact effect of interfacial characteristics.
Claims (7)
1. the large-scale interfacial characteristics direct shear apparatus that can apply cyclic load, on bearing flat plate, be provided with large-scale reaction frame, can carry out power transmission loading for equipment, the critical piece on top with this direct shear apparatus comprises upper and lower shear box and is placed in the vertical pressure load plate on shear box top; On the top of framework, be provided with normal force bringing device, this device consists of servo loading equipment and auto lift, applies the cyclic load of different frequency and amplitude; Measure in addition parts and comprise vertical load sensor and vertical LVDT displacement transducer; On the right side of framed structure, there is horizontal loading bringing device, this device is comprised of servomotor equipment and auto lift, in the bottom of force application apparatus, there is shearing force load sensor and horizontal LVDT displacement transducer, and the data collector of computer controlled automatic; The down cut box that it is characterized in that described direct shear apparatus is longer than upper shear box, and has supporting stiffness bearer, the shear surface such as to realize and to become the test of shear surface; The upper and lower shear box another side down cut box that aligns is on one side larger, and the inner side kissing of the periphery of pressure transmission plate and upper shear box merges and leaves certain gap, can not produce metal platen and can not produce and rub with upper shear box sidewall when guaranteeing to apply vertical pressure; The vertical pressure load plate of described direct shear apparatus adopts two kinds of different designs forms: a kind of is that thickness is the flat pressure transmission plate of 20mm, and another kind is that thickness is the trapezoidal longitudinal section pressure transmission plate of 60～70mm; The application of two kinds of different pressure transmission board sizes changes shear box soil thickness flexibly, thus the interface friction characteristics of different depth reinforcement soil layer in simulation Practical Project, and in analysis, overburden layer thickness is for the impact of Reinforced Material with Clay Engineering.
2. the large-scale interface of cyclic load according to claim 1 direct shear apparatus, is characterized in that described vertical load bringing device can carry out applying of cyclic load, realizes the research of the soil body and geosynthetics interface friction characteristics under cyclic load.
3. the large-scale interface of cyclic load according to claim 1 direct shear apparatus, is characterized in that described geosynthetics is used subsidiary intermediate plate (14) in down cut box to be fixed, to guarantee that geosynthetics slippage can not occur in shear history.
4. the large-scale interface of cyclic load according to claim 1 direct shear apparatus, is characterized in that described vertical and level operates by control panel (12) to load bringing device.
5. the large-scale interface of cyclic load according to claim 1 direct shear apparatus, it is characterized in that described down cut box is placed in the water bath that size and described shear box match, by regulating the height of water bath, realize the interfacial characteristics test in roadbed under simulation different water cut layer height.
6. the large-scale interface of cyclic load according to claim 2 direct shear apparatus, it is characterized in that described servo loops load motor (2) has the cyclic load that can apply different frequency and amplitude, can carry out the muscle Soil Interface attribute testing under static load vertical load conditions different from dynamic load.
7. the large-scale interface of cyclic load according to claim 6 direct shear apparatus, it is characterized in that the collecting device that the data collector of described computer controlled automatic has is comprised of accurate measuring controller and computer software, above-mentioned vertical load sensor, vertical displacement sensor and horizontal shear load transducer, horizontal displacement sensors transfer to computing machine by the conversion of Correlated Case with ARMA Measurement parts through interface, carry out the acquisition and processing of data.
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