Pressure plate system capable of self-adaptive stretching deformation and use method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pressure plate system capable of self-adapting to stretching deformation and a using method thereof, belonging to the field of civil engineering.
Background
At present, in the field of researching the characteristics of the interface between a soil layer (or a sand layer) and other materials, a direct shear apparatus is generally adopted, and the direct shear apparatus has the inherent defect of small continuous shear displacement in the test process, so that the research on the characteristics of the residual strength between the soil layer (or the sand layer) and other materials is difficult to realize. The annular torsional shear apparatus is initially applied to research on the residual strength characteristics of soil, and is introduced by many scholars to research the residual strength characteristics of soil (or sand), geotechnical materials and geotechnical materials due to the advantages of unlimited shear displacement and fixed shear plane. However, two technical difficulties to be solved exist in the research on the interface friction characteristics between soil layers (or sand layers) and other materials at present, and the first difficulty is that the soil layers (or sand layers) are easy to generate lateral deformation under compression, and how to realize that the soil layers (or sand layers) only generate vertical compression deformation under the compression condition in an indoor test so as to limit the lateral deformation of the soil layers (or sand layers); the difficulty is that the existing pressure plate for limiting the lateral deformation of the soil layer (or the sand layer) is always rigid, so that rigid friction exists between the edge of the baffle plate of the pressure plate and other materials, and the test requirement of single friction between the soil layer (or the sand layer) and other materials is violated; therefore, the above two difficulties also become obstacles to develop the tripartite stone of the annular shear apparatus used for the experimental apparatus for studying the interfacial friction characteristics between the soil layer (or the sand layer) and other materials.
To date, there is no solution that can both ensure that the soil layer (or sand layer) has no lateral deformation and adapt to the vertical compression deformation of the soil layer to avoid rigid friction with adjacent materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device which can not only ensure that a soil layer (or a sand layer) has no lateral deformation under a compression condition, but also can be self-adaptive to the vertical compression deformation of the soil layer (or the sand layer), namely a pressure plate capable of self-adaptive telescopic deformation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a pressure plate system capable of self-adapting to telescopic deformation comprises a first pressure plate assembly connected with a shaft pressure output device, and the pressure plate system comprises a pressure plate body, an inner baffle and an outer baffle, wherein the pressure plate body is installed on the shaft pressure output device and connected with the shaft pressure output device, the inner baffle and the outer baffle are both of cylindrical structures, the outer baffle is arranged on the periphery of the inner baffle, the outer baffle and the inner baffle are mutually matched to form an annular structure, the pressure plate body is arranged on one side of the annular structure, the pressure plate body, the inner baffle and the outer baffle are mutually matched to form an annular groove with one end closed and the other end opened, the inner baffle and the outer baffle are both elastically connected with the pressure plate body through elastic pieces, and the telescopic direction of the elastic pieces is the same as the axial direction of the annular structure; the second platen assembly is connected with the torque output device, the second platen assembly is the same as the first platen assembly, and a platen body in the second platen assembly is arranged on the torque output device; the annular groove of the first platen assembly and the annular groove opening of the second platen assembly are oppositely arranged.
Furthermore, one end of the inner baffle plate, which is connected with the pressure plate body, is bent to form a first bent edge, and the inner baffle plate is elastically connected with the pressure plate body through the first bent edge; the outer baffle is connected one end of the pressure plate body is bent to form a second bending edge, and the outer baffle is elastically connected with the pressure plate body through the second bending edge.
Furthermore, the first bending edge and the second bending edge are respectively arranged on two sides of the annular structure.
Further, the pressure disk body is the annular body, the inboard of annular body is equipped with first flange, and the outside is equipped with the second flange, first flange with first limit of bending passes through elastic component elastic connection, the second flange with the limit of bending of second passes through elastic component elastic connection.
Further, the elastic component includes the spliced pole and overlaps the spring in the spliced pole outside, baffle or outer baffle in the non-rigid connection of spliced pole one end, other end rigid connection pressure disk body, the spring is arranged in between inner baffle or outer baffle and the pressure disk body, be equipped with on outer baffle and the inner baffle and be used for connecting the mounting hole of spliced pole, the spliced pole can slide in the mounting hole.
Furthermore, a plurality of holes used for lightening the weight of the pressure plate body are formed in the pressure plate body.
Furthermore, a plurality of threaded holes for installing pore pressure sensors are formed in the outer baffle, and the pore pressure sensors are used for testing the pore pressure of the filling materials in the annular groove.
Furthermore, texture annular plates are fixedly installed on the bottom side of the annular groove through bolts, textures used for increasing friction between the texture annular plates and fillers in the annular groove are arranged on the texture annular plates, and the texture types can be changed according to test requirements.
Further, the pressure plate body is an annular body, the inner baffle is attached to the inner edge of the annular body, the outer baffle is attached to the outer edge of the annular body, and when pressure is applied to the pressure plate body, the inner baffle and the outer baffle respectively move along the inner edge and the outer edge of the annular body in the axial direction.
The invention also provides a use method based on the pressure plate system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling soil layers or sand layers in annular grooves in a first platen assembly and a second platen assembly, and enabling the first platen assembly and the second platen assembly to be opposite and spaced at a set distance;
step 2, laying a geosynthetic material between the first platen assembly and the second platen assembly;
step 3, moving the first platen assembly or the second platen assembly to enable the first platen assembly or the second platen assembly to be in contact with the geosynthetic material;
step 4, starting the axial pressure output device to apply axial pressure to the soil layer, the sand layer and the geosynthetic material until the axial pressure reaches a set value;
and 5, starting the torque output device to apply torque to the soil layer, the sand layer and the geosynthetic material to a set value.
Further, step 1, the first platen assembly is adjusted through the axial compression system to be spaced from the second platen assembly by a set distance, so that a soil layer sample can be conveniently and manually installed; filling soil layers or sand layers in the annular grooves in the first platen assembly and the second platen assembly respectively according to relevant specifications;
step 2, paving a geosynthetic material annular sample between the first platen assembly and the second platen assembly, and paving the geosynthetic material annular sample on the upper end face of the second platen assembly;
step 3, axially moving the first pressure plate assembly through the axial compression system again to enable the lower end face of the first pressure plate assembly to be in pressure-free contact with the geosynthetic material annular sample;
step 4, starting the axial pressure output device for the third time, and continuing axial movement, so that axial pressure is applied to the soil layer, the sand layer and the geosynthetic material, and the axial pressure is gradually increased to a set target value;
and 5, starting a torque output device (connected with the second platen assembly) to apply torque target set values to the soil layer, the sand layer and the geosynthetic material, and starting the test.
The beneficial effects produced by the invention comprise: the defect that the annular torsional shear apparatus is difficult to be used for testing and researching the interface friction characteristics between the soil layer (or the sand layer) and other materials is solved, so that when the annular torsional shear apparatus is used for testing and researching the interface friction characteristics between the soil layer (or the sand layer) and other materials, the soil layer (or the sand layer) can be ensured not to deform laterally under the condition of axial pressure, and the requirement of vertical free compression deformation can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a platen assembly according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side sectional schematic view of a platen assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal baffle in the device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer baffle plate in the device of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the elastic member in the device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a pore pressure sensor installed at a threaded hole of an outer baffle plate in the device of the present invention for detecting pore pressure.
In the figure: 1. the novel pressure plate comprises an inner baffle, 110, a first bending edge, 2, an outer baffle, 210, a second bending edge, 3, a connecting rod, 4, a nut, 5, a spring, 6, a threaded hole, 7, a pressure plate body, 710, a first flange, 720, a second flange, 8, a mounting hole, 9, a permeable stone, 10, a hole pressure sensor and 11, and an annular plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of one of the platen assemblies in the adaptive stretching and deforming platen system of the present invention, and it can be seen that the platen assembly includes a platen body 7, an inner baffle 1, an outer baffle 2 and a replaceable ring plate 11 with texture (see fig. 2). The inner baffle 1 and the outer baffle 2 are both of cylindrical structures, the outer baffle 2 is arranged on the periphery of the inner baffle 1, the outer baffle 2 and the inner baffle 1 are matched with each other to form an annular structure, the pressure plate body 7 is arranged on one side of the annular structure and serves as the bottom of the annular structure to form an annular groove, the pressure plate body 7, the inner baffle 1 and the outer baffle 2 are matched with each other to form an annular groove with one closed end and the other open end, the inner baffle 1 and the outer baffle 2 are both elastically connected with the pressure plate body 7 through elastic pieces, and the expansion direction of the elastic pieces is the same as the axial direction of the annular; the elastic part comprises a connecting rod 3, a spring 5, a mounting hole 8 and a nut 4, and the flexible connection which can meet the requirement that a soil layer (or a sand layer) automatically stretches according to the compression change condition is the core of the device.
One end of the inner baffle plate 1 connected with the pressure plate body 7 is bent to form a first bent edge 110, one end of the outer baffle plate 2 connected with the pressure plate body 7 is bent to form a second bent edge 210, and the first bent edge 110 and the second bent edge 210 are respectively arranged on two sides of the annular structure. The platen body 7 is an annular body, a first flange 710 is disposed on the inner side of the annular body, a second flange 720 is disposed on the outer side of the annular body, the first flange 710 is elastically connected to the first bending edge 110 through an elastic member, and the second flange 720 is elastically connected to the second bending edge 210 through an elastic member. Pressure disk body 7 is the ring body, the inward flange of the ring body of interior baffle 1 laminating, the outward flange of the ring body of outer baffle 2 laminating, when receiving pressure, interior baffle 1 and outer baffle 2 are respectively along the inward flange and the outward flange axial displacement of ring body, guarantee simultaneously that interior baffle 1, outer baffle 2 laminate with pressure disk body 7 all the time under the effect of elastic component.
A plurality of threaded holes 6 for mounting the pore pressure sensor 10 are formed in the inner baffle plate 1 and the outer baffle plate 2, and the pore pressure sensor 10 is used for testing the pore pressure of a filling material in the annular groove. In the test process, a soil layer (or a sand layer) is filled in an annular groove of the pressure plate assembly, the change of the pore pressure of the soil layer (or the sand layer) can be measured through the pore pressure sensor 10, and the pore pressure sensor 10 is installed on the inner baffle plate 1 and the outer baffle plate 2 through the threaded hole 6.
FIG. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of the device of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the platen assembly is mounted on the shaft pressure output device or the torque output device through the platen body 7, and the interior of the platen body 7 can be designed into various hollow shapes as shown in fig. 1 and 2 in order to reduce the weight of the platen body 7 under the condition of meeting the requirements of design parameters such as rigidity. The cross-sectional side views of the outer baffle 2 and the inner baffle 1 are respectively of an 'L' shape and an 'L' mirror image shape, and are respectively arranged at the inner side and the outer side of the upper part of the annular pressure plate body 7 and are in close contact with each other, so that the soil layer (or the sand layer) is prevented from losing along the gap between the inner baffle 1 (or the outer baffle 2) and the pressure plate body 7, and the friction force is minimized as much as possible. In addition, in order to prevent the test failure caused by the slip phenomenon occurring between the contact interface of the soil layer (or the sand layer) and the pressure plate body 7, a replaceable annular plate 11 with texture is fixed on the pressure plate body 7 through bolts and is used as the bottom side of the annular groove to be in direct contact with the filler in the annular groove, as shown in fig. 2; and may be changed as required by the test conditions, such as texture type, texture height, etc.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner baffle plate 1 in the device of the invention, and fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer baffle plate 2 in the device of the invention. Referring to fig. 3 and 2, the inner barrier 11 is a ring of mirror image type with a single side cross-section "L" along the vertical edges; referring to fig. 4 and 2, the outer baffle 2 is a ring with a cross-sectional shape of "L" on one side, the inner baffle 1 and the outer baffle 2 are both provided with threaded holes 6 for mounting the hole pressure sensors 10, and the first bending plate and the second bending edge 210 are both provided with mounting holes 8 for mounting the connecting rods 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the elastic member of the present invention, which includes a combination of the connecting rod 3, the spring 5 and the nut 4. Connecting rod 3 is used for connecting interior baffle 1 or outer baffle 2 and pressure disk body 7, connecting rod 3 and interior baffle 1 and outer baffle 2 be sliding connection, carry on spacingly through nut 4, refer to fig. 5 and fig. 2, the flexible stroke of interior baffle 1 and outer baffle 2 has been decided to the length of connecting rod 3 and the relative position between nut 4 and baffle connecting rod 3, the compression and the resilience performance of interior baffle 1 and outer baffle 2 have been decided to baffle spring 5's performance.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention in which the pore pressure sensor 10 is installed at the threaded hole 6 of the outer shield 2. Outer baffle 2 therefore has certain wall thickness because of the intensity needs, and certain degree of depth is installed to screw hole 6 in to the outer 2 outside screw threads of baffle to hole pressure sensor 10, and the purpose that permeable stone 9 reaches protection hole pressure sensor 10 with soil layer (or sand bed) in isolation hole pressure sensor 10 and the pressure disk is settled to remaining space in screw hole 6.
The platen system comprises a first platen assembly and a second platen assembly, wherein the two platen assemblies have the same structure and adopt a mode of reversely, coaxially and oppositely clamping a sample, namely, the lower end surface of a platen body 7 in the first platen assembly is fixedly arranged at the telescopic end of the axial compression system, and a replaceable annular plate 11 with texture faces downwards; and the platen body 7 in the second platen assembly is installed and fixed at the output end of the rotating shaft of the torque system in the frame of the main machine, the replaceable annular plate 11 with texture faces upwards, and the first platen assembly and the second platen assembly are coaxially and reversely installed and keep a certain distance space. The test sample (including clay layer, sand layer and various types of geosynthetic materials and the like) is arranged in the space between the first platen assembly and the second platen assembly, the coaxial pressing system is connected with the first platen assembly to apply axial pressure to the sample, and the second platen assembly is connected with the torque system to apply torque to the sample, so that the test requirements that the upper end face of the whole sample bears the axial pressure and the lower end face bears the torque can be met.
When the self-adaptive telescopic deformation platen assembly works, the first step is to select the replaceable annular plate 11 with proper texture according to the test requirement and respectively install the replaceable annular plate on the platen body 7 in the first platen assembly and the second platen assembly; secondly, mounting the prepared sand (or other geotechnical materials) in an annular groove surrounded by the inner baffle 11, the outer baffle 22 and the pressure plate body 77 in the second pressure plate assembly to form a sand ring with a certain thickness; thirdly, mounting the prepared clay (or other geotechnical materials) in an annular groove formed by the inner baffle 1, the outer baffle 2 and the pressure plate body 7 in the first pressure plate assembly to form a clay ring with a certain thickness, and tightly compacting the clay ring and the sand ring in the annular groove to form a compacted body; fourthly, the first pressure plate assembly is lifted by using the axial compression system, the distance space between the first pressure plate assembly and the second pressure plate assembly can meet the operation space requirement of a tester (far larger than the total thickness of the geosynthetic material for testing), the cut geosynthetic material samples are installed layer by layer, and the axial compression system is adjusted to enable the clay ring (including the edges of the inner baffle plate and the outer baffle plate 2) in the first pressure plate assembly to be in contact with the upper surface of the geosynthetic material sample (without pressure); fifthly, adjusting the axial compression system according to test requirements, so that the first pressure plate assembly generates pressure to a lower-layer sample and reaches a specified value of the test, and a clay ring in the first pressure plate assembly naturally generates unconfined compression deformation after receiving the pressure (the clay ring is limited laterally by the inner baffle plate and the outer baffle plate 2); meanwhile, the inner baffle 1 and the outer baffle 2 synchronously displace along with the compression deformation of the clay ring (self-expansion function), so that the rigid friction between the inner baffle 1 and the outer baffle 2 and the contact geosynthetic material interface after the compression deformation of the clay ring is prevented; and sixthly, starting a torque system after the whole compression deformation of the test sample is finished (the test set normal stress is reached), and setting a torsion mode (constant-speed torsion and constant-torque torsion), so that the test targets of fixing the first platen assembly and twisting the second platen assembly are realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the content of the embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the technical scope of the present invention, and any changes and modifications made are within the protective scope of the present invention.