CN102605291A - Ni-saving austenitic stainless steel cold-rolled sheet with excellent processability and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Ni-saving austenitic stainless steel cold-rolled sheet with excellent processability and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an Ni-saving austenitic stainless steel with excellent processability. The austenitic stainless steel comprises one or two of the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.06-0.12 of C, 0.2-1.0 of Si, 7.0-9.0 of Mn, 17.0-18.5 of Cr, 3.01-3.45 of Ni, 0.15-0.22 of N, 0.01-0.2 of Mo, 1.2-1.9 of Cu, B larger than or equal to 0.001% and smaller than or equal to 0.004%, Ca larger than or equal to 0.001% and smaller than or equal to 0.005%, V smaller than or equal to 0.1%, Nb smaller than or equal to 0.1%, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the percentage of C and the percentage of N is larger than or equal to 0.25%. The manufacturing method of the austenitic stainless steel comprises the following steps: heating a smelted and poured casting blank to 1100-1250 DEG C and preserving heat, performing hot working on the casting blank until a needed thickness is obtained, wherein the heat preserving time is more than 30min; after hot working, annealing at a controlled temperature of 980-1100 DEG C and washing the blank with any acid, and performing cold rolling, wherein when Md30/50 is larger than or equal to -30 DEG C and smaller than or equal to 0 DEG C, the maximum cold rolling deformation is 75-80%; or when Md30/50 is smaller than or equal to -30 DEG C, the maximum cold rolling deformation is 80-85%. According to the invention, the cold working performance of the Ni-saving austenitic stainless steel is improved; the corrosion resistance is close to that of type 304, and meanwhile the cost is lower than that of the type 304.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to low-nickel austenitic stainless steel and method of manufacture thereof, be specifically related to a kind of processing characteristics good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel cold-reduced sheet and method of manufacture thereof.
Background technology
In most widely used 300 series austenitic stainless steel, contain 8%～12% nickel usually, the cost of nickel element accounts for material cost about 80%.Since two thousand five, the important alloying element nickel price in the stainless steel continues soaring, causes the material cost of Stainless Steel Production to raise, and it is predicted that simultaneously the shortage of rare precious metal nickel has certain chronicity.This makes and reduces the key issue that the Stainless Steel Production cost becomes development of iron and steel enterprises.The nickel of every reduction by 1% in the stainless steel means the material cost that reduces 10-15%.Therefore developing low-nickel austenitic stainless steel becomes a kind of development trend; Low-nickel austenitic stainless steel utilizes austenites such as N and Mn to form and stable element; Replace the nickel in the 300 series austenitic stainless steel, wherein the nitrogen element has intensive austenitizing ability, and content is abundant, cheap simultaneously; Select the substitute element of N, develop nitrogenous even high nitrogen stainless steel is the direction that development saves nickel and stainless steel as Ni.Its room temperature texture of nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel and 300 is the same austenite phase that is; Both had austenitic stainless steel excellent mechanical property and corrosion resistance nature; Have characteristics cheaply again, the risk that can avoid the fluctuation of nickel valency to bring, so development prospect is wide.The existing indole nickel and stainless steel that contains is main added elements with Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, C, N, Cu etc. basically; Wherein Cr content is generally 13-18% and does not wait; Ni content is general 0.5～5%, through reducing the ferritic element Cr, improving austenite former Mn, N and C equal size and guarantee to obtain austenite structure under the room temperature.
The modal product of nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel is 200 to be, 200 be in most typical product be 201 and 202.Compare with 304 austenitic stainless steels; 201 chromium content are 16-18% in the ASTM standard, through adding manganese and a certain amount of nitrogen and the carbon of 5.5-7.5%, replace the austenite former nickel in 304 austenitic stainless steels; With nickel content from being reduced to more than 8% below 5.5%; Thereby reduce the cost of material, because the nickel of every reduction by 1% in the stainless steel means the material cost that reduces 10-15%.Carbon content is higher to be prone to bring welding back intergranular corrosion problem in order to solve, and having developed carbon content again, to be lower than 0.03% 201L serial with 201LN.
In order further to reduce cost, 201 and 202 after domestic main application is retrofited, wherein 201 typical composition is C:0.08%, Mn:9%, Cr:14.5%, Ni:0.5%, Cu:1.8%, N:0.15%; 202 typical composition is C:0.07%, Mn:7%, Cr:16.2%, Ni:4%, Cu:1.6%, N:0.10%.Visible by 201 and 202 composition systems, compare with 304, through adding Mn and two kinds of austenizers of N, replace noble element Ni, its Ni content significantly reduces, so cost is compared remarkable reduction with 304.
But Cr content is lower than 304 in 201 and 202, added simultaneously to be unfavorable for corrosion proof Mn, so its PREN is reduced to 12 (201) and 14 (202) respectively, compares with 304, and solidity to corrosion significantly reduces, and causes it not use in the field that solidity to corrosion is had relatively high expectations.
Simultaneously, nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel difficulty of processing far surpasses traditional austenitic stainless steel 304.The main performance both ways: nitrogen content is higher in (1) nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel; Generally greater than 0.1%; Higher nitrogen content causes lattice distortion to increase, and the metal plastic deformation difficulty strengthens, so resistance to deformation is big in its hot procedure; Be prone to defectives such as limit portion crackle, cause material to be scrapped or the lumber recovery reduction; (2) cold working difficulty is big, and 200 is that stainless steel interalloy content is low, and especially austenite formation and stabilizing element Ni content are lower; Causing its austenite is metastable mutually, and austenite metastable in the cold working process will change brittle martensitic phase into mutually, and the generation of martensitic phase causes work hardening capacity to increase sharply; Material hardness and intensity rise rapidly; Continue cold worked difficulty and increase, simultaneously because martensitic phase is brittle, steel band is prone to take place brittle rupture in the course of processing; Cause product rejection, this has become the main difficult problem in nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel 201 and the 202 production application processes.
In China, 200 be contain the indole nickel and stainless steel development and application very extensively.Disclose a kind of nitrogenous austenitic stainless steel that can save nickel chromium triangle like CN1129259A, its chemical ingredients (Wt%) is: C＜0.10; Si＜1.0; Mn:11-15; P＜0.03; S＜0.03; Cr:10-15; Ni:3.6-5; 0＜N≤0.10; All the other are Fe; Compare with existing 18-8 type austenitic stainless steel (304), it is half the to save nickel, have cheap, stable performance, production technique easy, be easy to machine-shaping, yield rate advantages of higher.The characteristics of this patent of invention are to utilize Mn, N to replace part Ni, and 8% in the Ni content and 304 is compared remarkable reduction, but in order to guarantee room temperature austenite phase, Cr content also significantly reduces in the composition, and therefore the equivalent of anti-spot corrosion PREN is far below existing 304 stainless steels.
CN1772942A discloses a kind of nickel-saving RE-containing austenitic stainless steel, and its chemical ingredients (Wt%) is: C≤0.08%, Si:0.3-0.8%, Mn:5.0-8.5%; S≤0.05%, P≤0.04%, Ni:3.0-5.5%; Cr:14-19%, Cu:1.0-4.0%, N≤0.20%; Total [O]≤0.005%, Re:0.05-0.3%, surplus is Fe.This invention remains through having added Mn and N and replaces austenite former Ni, reaches the effect that reduces cost, and has added certain amount of Cu simultaneously, can be used as austenite former on the one hand, replaces part Ni, can improve cold-forming property simultaneously; Another characteristics of this patent of invention are to have added a certain amount of rare earth, utilize the REE cleaning molten steel, improve performances such as processing and mechanics; This invention steel grade smelting requirements is high; Need oxygen level to be lower than 0.005%, and need to add REE, increased the difficulty of big production.
CN101338403A discloses a kind of nickel-saving manganese-nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel, and its C is preferably 0.04-0.06%; Mn is preferably 9.0-10.0%; Cr is preferably 15.5-16.0%; Ni content is compared with CN1772942A then with CN1129259A and is further reduced, and is preferably 1.8-2.0%.This nickel-saving manganese-nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel of invention title has under the general atmosphere environment can substitute 18-8 type stainless steel, and joint nickel, and with low cost, thermoplasticity is good, is easy to machining characteristics.In addition; CN101545078A discloses a kind of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of excellent normal temperature mechanical property, contains Cr:15.0-17.0%, Ni:1.50-2.50%, N:0.15-0.30% on the composition, under different states; Material room temperature ys is 400-1370MPa; Room temperature tensile strength is 860-1700MPa, and the room temperature unit elongation is 15-65%, can partly substitute AISI304 and be used in the weak erosive environment.EP593158 has proposed the Cr-Ni-Mn austenitic stainless steel that a kind of Cu of containing at N, wherein contains Cr:16.5-17.5%, Mn:6.4-8.0%, Ni:2.50-5.0%; Cu:2.0-3.0%, C is not more than 0.15%, and N is not more than 0.2%; Si is not more than 1%, and the cold hardening of this alloy is lower than 201, and solidity to corrosion is then near 430; Can require than replacement 304 under the low condition in solidity to corrosion, but add the Cu of high level in this alloy, there is disadvantageous effect in the Cu of high level to hot-work content.
In order to improve corrosion resistance nature, CN101148740A has added Mo:0-3% in material, controls Cr content simultaneously at 16-18%, N content 0.1-0.4%, and Ni content is reduced to 0-2%, but Mn content is still up to 14-19% in the composition; Likewise; CN101381852A has added Mo:0.001-0.3% in material, to improve corrosion resistance nature, Mn content was still up to 12.1-14.8% in still should inventing; N content is up to 0.2-0.45% in the material simultaneously, and the smelting of material and difficulty of processing are all bigger.Mn content is controlled at 7-8.5% among the EP1690957; Cr content reaches 16.5-18%; Add the Mo of 0.1-0.5% simultaneously, material can obtain the solidity to corrosion approaching with 304 austenites, but Ni content is higher in the alloy; Be 3.5-4.5%, it is little that the material cost of alloy and 304 austenitic stainless steels are compared difference.
Can find out; Utilize N and Mn element can effectively replace the Ni element, the content of control simultaneously or reduction ferrite former Cr can obtain the austenite structure under the room temperature; Effectively reduce expensive Ni constituent content; Thereby reduce cost, because the nickel of every reduction by 1% in the stainless steel means the material cost that reduces 10-15%.But, utilize N to replace expensive element Ni after, higher N content causes lattice distortion to increase; The metal plastic deformation difficulty strengthens; Therefore resistance to deformation is big in its hot procedure, is prone to defectives such as limit portion crackle, causes material to be scrapped or the lumber recovery reduction; Especially when nitrogen content greater than 0.15% the time, the hot-work difficulty is bigger; (2) cold working difficulty is big, and 200 is that stainless steel interalloy content is low, and especially austenite formation and stabilizing element Ni content are lower; Causing its austenite is metastable mutually; Austenite metastable in the cold working process will change brittle martensitic phase into mutually, and the generation of martensitic phase causes work hardening capacity to increase sharply, and material hardness and intensity rise rapidly; Continuing cold worked distortion difficulty increases; Because martensitic phase is brittle, steel band is prone to brittle rupture takes place in the course of processing, causes product rejection simultaneously.
On the other hand, Cr content has reduced solidity to corrosion far below 18% in 304 austenitic stainless steels in the partial monopoly composition system, has increased it and has produced the corrosive risk.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel cold-reduced sheet of a kind of processing characteristics.It has good hot-work and cold-forming property, good comprehensive performances and lower cost; The probability reduction of generation is split on the limit in the material hot procedure; Do not produce brittle martensitic phase in the cold working process; Therefore to be lower than existing 200 be stainless steel to the cold hardening amplitude, improved the maximum depression rate, avoids simultaneously causing the steel band fracture because of the generation of fragility martensitic phase; The mechanical property of material and solidity to corrosion can be widely used in fields such as coastal building, goods near 304, replace nickel content up to 304 austenitic stainless steels more than 8%.
Be the realization above-mentioned purpose, the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of a kind of processing characteristics of the present invention, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C:0.06-0.12%, Si:0.2-1.0%; Mn:7.0-9.0%, Cr:17.0-18.5%, Ni:3.01-3.45%, N:0.15-0.22%; Mo:0.01-0.2%, Cu:1.2-1.9%, 0.001%≤B≤0.004%; 0.001%≤Ca≤0.005%, one or both of V, Nb, all≤0.1%; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity, C+N>=0.25% wherein, the Md30/50=413-9.5Ni%-13.7Cr%-8.1Mn%-9.2Si%-462 of control material (C%+N%) temperature≤0 ℃.
Another object of the present invention provides the method for manufacture of the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel cold-reduced sheet of above-mentioned processing characteristics, and this method comprises:
Press mentioned component and smelt, die casting or continuous casting form strand; Be heated to 1100-1250 ℃ then and also be hot worked to desired thickness after the insulation, soaking time was greater than 30 minutes; Anneal subsequently or anneal+pickling, annealing temperature is controlled at 980-1100 ℃, and the annealing back obtains the pickled surface quality, carries out cold rolling processing then;
For guaranteeing not produce the fragility martensitic phase when cold rolling, avoid the broken belt equivalent risk, formulate cold-rolling process according to the Md30/50 temperature, when-30 ℃≤Md30/50≤0 ℃, maximum cold deformation can reach 75-80%; When Md30/50≤-30 ℃, maximum cold deformation can reach 80-85%.
The present invention adds the austenitizing effect of Mn, N element replacement noble metal Ni through control Ni content 3.01-3.45%, obtains the room temperature austenite structure; Especially guarantee C+N>=0.25%, the Md30/50 of control material≤0 ℃ guarantees not produce brittle martensitic phase in the material cold working process, has good cold-forming property, and maximum cold deformation can reach 75-85%.Through adding 0.001%≤B≤0.004% and 0.001%≤Ca≤0.005%, improve the hot workability of alloy on the other hand, avoid the appearance of hot-work limit portion crackle.Simultaneously, described a kind of low-nickel austenitic stainless steel cold-reduced sheet is characterized in the equivalent of anti-spot corrosion PREN=Cr%+3.3Mo%+16N%-0.5Mn% >=16, guarantees that its solidity to corrosion is near 304.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallograph of embodiments of the invention 1 steel.
Embodiment
Below through combining embodiment that the present invention is carried out detailed explanation.But be not limited only to these embodiment, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, more changeableization and improved embodiment can also be arranged, and these variations and improvement all belong to scope of the present invention.
Among the present invention, unless otherwise, content all refers to weight percent content.
In order to realize the purpose that the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of processing characteristics is provided of the present invention, each element is controlled as follows:
Carbon: carbon is strong austenite former, can replace Ni to a certain extent, promotes austenite to form, and the stable austenite tissue, can improve stainless intensity simultaneously.But when carbon content was too high, carbon combined the back to form rich chromium carbide at crystal boundary with chromium, cause intergranular corrosion.In addition, the rich chromium carbide of formation also reduces the impelling strength of steel.Cross low carbon content and will increase difficulty and cost in the preparation process.Therefore, the design carbon content is 0.06-0.12% in the steel of the present invention, is preferably C:0.07-0.12%.
Silicon: silicon is the element that contains usually in the Manufacture Of Iron And Steel By Melting.In duplex stainless steel, silicon is that ferritic forms and stable element.Silicon is used for deoxidation in fusion process, silicon can improve the hot strength of ferritic phase simultaneously, contains the silicon more than 0.2% in the therefore general stainless steel.Will reduce the solubleness of nitrogen when but silicone content is too high, and quicken separating out of intermetallic phase.Therefore, design of Si content is 0.2-1.0% in the steel of the present invention, is preferably Si:0.3-0.9%.
Manganese: manganese is that a kind of austenite forms and stable element, can utilize manganese to replace nickel to a certain extent, obtains austenite structure, and the interpolation of manganese simultaneously can significantly improve the solubleness of nitrogen.But manganese all is negative to the influence of stainless erosion resistance basically.The experimental formula of estimating the anti-pitting attack performance of nitrogen-contained stainless steel is: PREN (equivalent of anti-the spot corrosion)=%Cr+3.3%Mo+16%N-0.5%Mn, visible by this formula, the manganese of every interpolation 1% will make alloy PREN value reduce by 0.5.The reason that Mn influences pitting corrosion resistance is that manganese and sulphur form MnS; Or along with manganese amount in the steel increases; Chrome content among the MnS reduces, and caused MnS is mixed in the dissolving in the corrosive medium, usually becomes the starting point of spot corrosion, crevice corrosion; Therefore emphasis control Mn content is 7.0-9.0% in the steel of the present invention, is preferably Mn:7.1-8.9%.
Chromium: chromium is the most important element that steel obtains corrosion resistance nature.The minimum chromium content that usually obtains erosion resistance is 12%.Because Cr is the element that significantly strengthens corrosion resistance nature, for guaranteeing good solidity to corrosion, Cr content is controlled at more than 17.0% in the steel of the present invention.But Cr is main ferrite former, and too high Cr will need corresponding high Ni equivalent to cooperate with it, to guarantee to obtain the room temperature austenite structure.Therefore, chromium content is controlled at 17.0-18.5% in the steel of the present invention, is preferably Cr:17.1-18.4%.
Nickel: nickel is that the intensive austenite forms and stable element, is main austenizer in the 300 series austenitic stainless steel.Nickel is the critical material that guarantees low-temperature flexibility simultaneously.But nickel costs an arm and a leg, and the cost of nickel accounts for more than 80% of material cost in 300 series austenitic stainless steel, the nickel of every reduction by 1% in the stainless steel; Mean the material cost that reduces 10-15%; Therefore nickel content is controlled at 3.01-3.45% in the steel of the present invention, has lower cost to guarantee material, guarantees that simultaneously steel has excellent impact toughness under the austenite structure of room temperature and low temperature; Preferably, Ni:0.1-3.4%.
Nitrogen: nitrogen is a kind of strong austenite former.Nitrogen is to form and stable austenite key factor mutually in the nitrogenous low-nickel austenitic stainless steel.The adding of nitrogen simultaneously helps improving intensity and corrosion resistance nature, the especially nitrogen of steel and the synergy of molybdenum can significantly improve anti-pitting attack performance and slit and corrosion resistant performance.When but nitrogen content is too high, with increasing the risk that forms mutually between nitrogen containing metal, the raising that improves melting and hot worked difficulty, especially nitrogen content simultaneously will cause serious hot rolling limit to split rate, cause being difficult to producing existing producing on the line.Therefore the more important thing is that C and N are the key elements that influences martensitic transformation in the material cold working process, is Md30/50 temperature≤0 ℃ of control material, and nitrogen in steel content of the present invention is controlled at 0.15-0.22%, guarantees C+N>=0.25% simultaneously.Preferably, N:0.16-0.21%.
Molybdenum: molybdenum is very beneficial for improving the corrosion resistance nature of steel.Molybdenum can significantly promote the enrichment of chromium in passive film, thereby strengthens the stability of passivation film on stainless steel surface, significantly strengthens the anti-corrosion effect of chromium in the steel, thereby improves the solidity to corrosion of all kinds of stainless rustless properties and anti-various media greatly.Simultaneously molybdenum can also improve the passivation ability again of steel in stainless steel, and the ability of its anti-spot corrosion and crevice corrosion is about 3 times of chromium, and molybdenum also to preventing with the spot corrosion to be that the stress corrosion that originates from is favourable, improves stainless anticorrosion stress-resistant and crevice corrosion ability.Molybdenum can also act synergistically with nitrogen, further improves pitting resistance, and the main effect of therefore adding molybdenum is to improve erosion resistance.The molybdenum too high levels will increase cost of alloy, so the molybdenum content in the steel of the present invention is controlled at below 0.2%, be preferably Mo:0.02-0.19%.
Copper: copper is a kind of austenite former, and the adding of copper can improve stainless plasticity and the erosion resistance in reductive acid, helps improving the slit and corrosion resistant performance simultaneously.But copper content surpasses at 2% o'clock is unfavorable for hot workability.Therefore copper content is controlled at 1.2-1.9% in the steel of the present invention, is preferably Cu:1.3-1.8%.
Boron, calcium through adding 0.001%≤B≤0.004% and 0.001%≤Ca≤0.005%, improve the hot workability of alloy, avoid the appearance of hot-work limit portion crackle, are one of keys of the present invention.Higher in the low-nickel austenitic stainless steel owing to N content, so hot workability is relatively poor, is prone to produce limit portion crack defect.The interpolation of boron can thinning microstructure, improves grain-boundary strength, improves thermoplasticity; But excessive interpolation boron will cause the material hot workability to worsen on the contrary; Therefore the present invention finds in this alloy system through exploring, and adds 0.001%≤B≤0.004% and can obtain best hot workability.The interpolation of calcium can be carried out modification to inclusion, makes brittle Al
2O
3Inclusion modification is a ductility complex inclusion preferably; Reduce the material hot procedure and produce the risk that the limit is split; It is thick that but calcium adds the excessive inclusion that will cause, and production cost raises, adds difficulty and increases, so the present invention controls calcium contents 0.001%≤Ca≤0.005%.
Vanadium, niobium are as optional element, and main effect is a thinning microstructure, improves the molten steel purity, improves hot workability, and its content all is controlled at below 0.1%.Be preferably among V:0.02-0.1% and the Nb:0.02-0.1% one or both.
The austenite of analyzing in the low-nickel austenitic stainless steel finds that to martensitic transformation the generation of martensitic transformation is depended on austenite stability mutually with the increase of amount.Available Md30/50 temperature is estimated the trend that austenite changes the strain-induced martensitic phase mutually into, when its implication is strain 50%, produces martensitic phase content and reaches 30% temperature.In other words, material was out of shape 50% o'clock under this temperature, and martensitic phase content can reach 30%.If the Md30/50 temperature is high more, represent in this material austenite more unstable mutually, the trend of material induced martensite took place martensitic transformation is just obvious more.Available experimental formula Md30/50=551-462 (C+N)-9.2Si-8.1Mn-29 (Ni+Cu)-13.7Cr calculates the Md30/50 temperature.According to this formula, 304 stainless Md30/50 (304)=12.8 ℃, 201 stainless Md30/50 (201)=103 ℃, 202 stainless Md30/50 (202)=27 ℃.It is thus clear that 304 Md30/50 temperature is lower, and 202 Md30/50 temperature is higher than 304, and therefore induced martensite took place martensitic phase phase transformation easily in cold-rolled process causes the brittle martensitic phase of material production; 201 Md30/50 temperature and 304 is compared higher with 201, reached more than 100 ℃, so its strain-induced martensitic phase variable and amplitude be higher than 304 and 201 far away, causes the cold working difficulty.
The interpolation of Cr, Ni and Mn element can reduce the Md30/50 temperature, improves austenitic stability; More significantly add two kinds of elements of C and N, can improve the stability of austenite phase greatly, suppress the generation of magnetic martensitic phase in the cold working process.But; Element proportionings such as Cr, Ni, Mn, C, N not only determine the cost of alloy; Also influence C r: the Ni equivalence ratio; Determine simultaneously whether room temperature has the formation risk of harmful precipitated phase in fully austenitic structure, the decision alloy, and wherein Cr, N, Mo etc. still determine the key element of characteristic-erosion resistance that it is important.
Therefore, through guaranteeing enough austenite former Ni, N, C, Mn, Cu, ferrite formers such as control Cr, Mo, Si at room temperature have austenite structure to guarantee material among the present invention.
Particularly, adopt chromium equivalent and nickel equivalent to come reference, Creq=%Cr+%Mo+1.5%Si, Nieq=%Ni+20%N+30%C+0.33%Cu+0.1%Mn-0.01%Mn2.Creq/Nieq ratio is controlled in the scope of 1.7-1.9, guarantees to obtain austenite structure under the room temperature, guarantee that material has advantages such as nonmagnetic, unit elongation high and low temperature good toughness and the plasticity of austenite structure be good.
Particularly, control C:0.06-0.12%, N:0.15-0.22%; Guarantee C+N>=0.25% simultaneously; Md30/50 temperature≤0 of control material ℃ guarantees that material does not produce the martensitic phase of magnetic in process such as cold rolling, and therefore maximum draught can reach 75-85%.
Ni and Mo are the key factors that increases cost; Therefore control Mo content as far as possible among the present invention and be lower than 0.2%; Ni content 3.01-3.45%, with 304 in 8% Ni content compare remarkable reduction, and the Ni of every reduction by 1%; Can make material cost reduce 10-15%, so material cost significantly is lower than 304 austenitic stainless steels.
N, Mn can reduce cost after replacing Ni; But the N too high levels causes the hot-work difficulty to strengthen, and the material deformation drag is big during hot rolling, and especially N content is higher causes the material lattice distortion serious; Very easily occur limit portion crackle in the course of hot rolling, cause coil of strip to be scrapped or the lumber recovery reduction.The present invention carries out microalloying with Ca to material and handles through adding B, and raising material grain-boundary strength is improved thermoplasticity, simultaneously inclusion is carried out modification, lets brittle Al
2O
3Inclusion is modified as the better complex inclusion of ductility, thereby improves the hot workability of material, avoids the limit generation of defects such as to split.
For solving the existing bigger problem of the ubiquitous cold working difficulty of low-nickel austenitic stainless steel; Guarantee not produce when cold rolling the fragility martensitic phase; Avoid the broken belt equivalent risk; Md30/50 temperature≤0 of control material of the present invention ℃ is guaranteed that material does not produce the martensitic phase of magnetic in process such as cold rolling, thereby is improved its cold-forming property.
The present invention adopts PREN (equivalent of anti-the spot corrosion)=%Cr+3.3%Mo+16%N-0.5%Mn to characterize pitting resistance, and wherein Cr, Mo, N can improve solidity to corrosion, and Mn reduces solidity to corrosion.Guarantee Cr content among the present invention greater than 17.0%, control Mn content is lower than 9%, guarantees PREN >=16 of material, has obtained the erosion resistance approaching with 304 austenitic stainless steels.
The method of manufacture of the low-nickel austenitic stainless steel cold-reduced sheet that processing characteristics of the present invention is good may further comprise the steps:
1) its chemical component weight per-cent is: C:0.06-0.12%, Si:0.2-1.0%, Mn:7.0-9.0%; Cr:17.0-18.5%, Ni:3.01-3.45%, N:0.15-0.22%; Mo:0.01-0.2%, Cu:1.2-1.9%, 0.001%≤B≤0.004%, 0.001%≤Ca≤0.005%; Also can be selected from one or more following elements in addition: V≤0.1%, Nb≤0.1%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity; Its C+N>=0.25%, the Md30/50 of control material≤0 ℃; Press mentioned component and smelt, die casting or continuous casting form strand; Be hot worked to desired thickness after being heated to 1100-1250 ℃ of also insulation (preferred soaking time is 30-300 minute) then, soaking time was greater than 30 minutes; Anneal subsequently or anneal+pickling, annealing temperature is controlled at 980-1100 ℃ (preferred annealing time is 1-6 minute), and the annealing back obtains the pickled surface quality, carries out cold rolling processing then;
2) do not produce the fragility martensitic phase for guaranteeing when cold rolling, avoid the broken belt equivalent risk, formulate cold-rolling process according to the Md30/50 temperature, when-30 ℃≤Md30/50≤0 ℃, maximum cold deformation can reach 75-80%; When Md30/50≤-30 ℃, maximum cold deformation can reach 80-85%.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
The present invention has improved hot workability through adding B and Ca microalloying; Through control C+N>=0.25%, the Md30/50 of material≤0 ℃, no fragility martensitic phase generation has improved its cold-forming property in the cold working process; Formulated the cold-rolling process that is complementary according to its Md30/50 temperature, when-30 ℃≤Md30/50≤0 ℃, maximum cold deformation can reach 75-80%; When Md30/50≤-30 ℃, maximum cold deformation can reach 80-85%; Cr content is higher than 17% in the material, and PREN is greater than 16, and solidity to corrosion is near 304, and cost can be used to replace expensive 304 far below 304 simultaneously.
The present invention contains molybdenum low-nickel austenitic stainless steel existing stainless steel capable of using and produces the line batch process; Concrete preparation method is casting after electric furnace-AOD stove smelting or electric furnace-AOD-LF stove smelting; Raw material manganese will add at AOD in the smelting process, a large amount of scaling loss when avoiding electric furnace charging.
The low-nickel austenitic stainless steel cold-reduced sheet that processing characteristics of the present invention is good has good processing characteristics, mechanical property and corrosion resisting property: can not produce the limit in the hot procedure and defective such as split; Do not produce the martensitic phase of magnetic in the cold working process, so excellent cold-workability exhibiting; The mechanical property of material and solidity to corrosion can be used for replacing 304 austenitic stainless steels that contain 8%Ni near 304.
The embodiment of the invention is an example with the Production Flow Chart that electric furnace-AOD smelts: adding electric furnaces such as ferrochrome, ferronickel and steel scrap are melted; Pour molten steel into the AOD stove after melting clearly; In the AOD stove, take off C, take off S and increase N, control the blowing of N; When the smelting composition reaches requirement, pour molten steel into tundish, and on vertical-bending caster, cast.The superheating temperature of continuous casting is 30-80 ℃, and the slab pulling rate is 0.6-2m/min.Continuous casting steel billet is put into process furnace be heated to 1100-1250 ℃, after being rolled down to desired thickness on the hot continuous rolling unit, batch.Carry out successive pickling annealing then, obtain this low-nickel austenitic stainless steel hot-roll annealing plate.The hot-roll annealing plate is cold-rolled on Sendzimir mill needs thickness, carries out the cold-reduced sheet annealing and pickling then, obtains the low-nickel austenitic stainless steel cold-rolled products.
Table 1 is depicted as the chemical ingredients of embodiment of the invention steel grade, and table 1 has provided the routine as a comparison low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of having developed at present and the chemical ingredients of 304 austenitic stainless steels simultaneously.
Test Example 1: metallographic structure
The alloy metallograph of embodiment 1 (room temperature is an austenite structure) as shown in Figure 1, sample is through electrolytic corrosion, and etching reagent is saturated oxalic acid solution, corrosion current 0.2-0.4A/cm
2
Test Example 2: mechanical property
Table 2 has provided the mechanical property after the different distortion amount is depressed in steel of the present invention and contrast steel grade cold working, utilizes the magnetic tester to detect the content that magnetic martensitic phase in the material of back is depressed in different cold working, and with 304 contrast.Mechanical property is all taken from cold-reduced sheet, adopts JIS 13B standards and detection.Anti-pitting attack equivalent calculates according to general formula PREN=Cr%+3.3Mo%+16%N-0.5%Mn.
Visible by table 1, improved hot workability through adding B and Ca microalloying; Through control C+N>=0.25%, the Md30/50 of material≤0 ℃, no fragility martensitic phase generation has improved its cold-forming property in the cold working process; Formulated the cold-rolling process that is complementary according to its Md30/50 temperature, when-30 ℃≤Md30/50≤0 ℃, maximum cold deformation can reach 75-80%; When Md30/50≤-30 ℃, maximum cold deformation can reach 80-85%; Cr content is higher than 17% in the material, and PREN is greater than 16, and solidity to corrosion is near 304, and cost can be used to replace expensive 304 far below 304 simultaneously.
Compare with existing low-nickel austenitic stainless steel in the Comparative Examples, the PREN value of steel of the present invention is higher, such as the PREN value of 201 representative values of Comparative Examples in the table 1, Comparative Examples 202 representative values below 14.5; And PREN value of the present invention >=16; As everyone knows, the PREN value is big more, explains that its corrosion resistance nature is more excellent; Therefore the corrosion resistance nature of material of the present invention significantly is superior to existing low-nickel austenitic stainless steel in the Comparative Examples; Can be widely used in the field that solidity to corrosion is had relatively high expectations, replace 304 expensive austenitic stainless steels, be widely used in fields such as demanding coastal building of erosion resistance and goods.
Claims (14)
1. low-nickel austenitic stainless steel that processing characteristics is good, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C:0.06-0.12%, Si:0.2-1.0%, Mn:7.0-9.0%; Cr:17.0-18.5%, Ni:3.01-3.45%, N:0.15-0.22%, Mo:0.01-0.2%; Cu:1.2-1.9%, 0.001%≤B≤0.004%, 0.001%≤Ca≤0.005%; In wherein C+N>=0.25%, and V≤0.1%, Nb≤0.1% one or both, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of processing characteristics as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the composition of said steel satisfies Md30/50≤0 ℃.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of processing characteristics is characterized in that C:0.07-0.12%.
4. like the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of the arbitrary described processing characteristics of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that Si:0.3-0.9%.
5. like the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of the arbitrary described processing characteristics of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that Mn:7.1-8.9%.
6. like the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of the arbitrary described processing characteristics of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that Cr:17.1-18.4%.
7. like the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of the arbitrary described processing characteristics of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that Ni:3.1-3.4%.
8. like the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of the arbitrary described processing characteristics of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that N:0.16-0.21%.
9. like the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of the arbitrary described processing characteristics of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that Mo:0.02-0.19%.
10. like the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of the arbitrary described processing characteristics of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that Cu:1.3-1.8%.
11., it is characterized in that one or both among V:0.02-0.1% and the Nb:0.02-0.1% like the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of the arbitrary described processing characteristics of claim 1-10.
12. the method for manufacture like the good low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of the arbitrary described processing characteristics of claim 1-11 comprises the steps:
Press mentioned component and smelt, die casting or continuous casting form strand;
Strand is heated to 1100-1250 ℃ also is hot worked to desired thickness after the insulation, wherein soaking time was greater than 30 minutes;
Steel plate after the hot-work is annealed and optional pickling, and annealing temperature is controlled at 980-1100 ℃, carries out cold rolling processing after the annealing;
When-30 ℃≤Md30/50≤0 ℃, maximum cold deformation is 75-80%; Or when Md30/50≤-30 ℃, maximum cold deformation is 80-85%.
13. method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, the strand heat tracing time is 30-300 minute.
14., it is characterized in that the time of hot-work after annealing is 1-6 minute like claim 12 or 13 described methods.
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