CN101328565A - Low nickle type austenitic stainless steel and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Low nickle type austenitic stainless steel and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101328565A CN101328565A CNA2007100938765A CN200710093876A CN101328565A CN 101328565 A CN101328565 A CN 101328565A CN A2007100938765 A CNA2007100938765 A CN A2007100938765A CN 200710093876 A CN200710093876 A CN 200710093876A CN 101328565 A CN101328565 A CN 101328565A
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-nickel type austenitic stainless steel which comprises the following chemical elements: 0.04 to 0.07 percent of C, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of Si, 5.5 to 7.5 percent of Mn, 15.5 to 16.5 percent of Cr, 3.0 to 4.5 percent of Ni, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of N, 1.5 to 2.0 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.040 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.008 percent of S, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the low-nickel type austenitic stainless steel. The low-nickel type austenitic stainless steel can not produce the disadvantage of edge crack in hot rolling and has certain corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the alloy field, particularly, the present invention relates to stainless steel, more specifically, the present invention relates to the austenitic stainless steel of goods industries such as civilian kitchen guarding, five metals.
Background technology
Improving constantly along with living standards of the people in recent years, stainless material is subjected to people more and more to be favored, wherein austenitic stainless steel is because of its distinctive corrosion-resistant, easy machine-shaping and beautiful outward appearance, and is well received and be widely used in industries such as household electrical appliance, kitchen guarding's goods and five metals more.In order to obtain stable austenite structure, must in austenitic stainless steel, add a large amount of noble metal elemental nickel, and nickel is present strategic resource very in short supply in the world.The increase in demand of austenitic stainless steel causes the further rise of nickel valency, has influence on the production cost of austenitic stainless steel then.People seek the austenitic stainless steel material of no nickel or the low alternative high nickel content of nickel content one after another for this reason, with the pressure of the austenitic stainless steel material cost of alleviating the costliness that can't bear the heavy load of coming, the composition range of the close patent of low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of different Ni contents and associated alloys element etc. sees Table one.
Table 1 composition range (%)
The patent No. is that the low Cu constituent content of 99110134.0:C, Ni content is higher, and the control of S content and the relative influence that processing means such as B, Ca bring for the solidity to corrosion of material are paid close attention in not mentioned relatively coupling and the control of crucial austenite element N.From the Composition Control of embodiment, this patent is that balanced weave is higher to the control of N content, reaches more than 0.2%, so its hot rolling work hardening phenomenon is very serious, for reducing mill load, hot-rolled process has to improve Heating temperature, and the hot rolling limit is split defective and just can be produced inevitably.
Number of patent application is that 200410047238.6:Mn and Cu element are higher, Cr content is lower, and cheap element N content is also below 0.05%, this patent to the hot-work limit split responsive element Cr, the control of N content is lower, corrosion resistance nature can reduce so hot workability is understood quite a lot of.
More than two patent documentations all belong to low nickle type austenitic stainless steel, the former emphasizes solidity to corrosion, but and all do not relate to owing to reduction nickel content causes the phase ratio to change, and defective is split on ubiquitous limit in the hot-work production process of bringing thus, also has influence on rolling lumber recovery.The latter emphasizes germ resistance, has turned down anti-corrosion element and has avoided heat and add tender subject, although add anti-microbial property that copper improved material because of reducing Cr, N content, has reduced the corrosion resistance nature of material.
The present inventor has adjusted each element of steel grade and proportioning thereof by constantly groping, and has adjusted the manufacturing process of steel grade, and it is low but also reach the hot rolling limit and split the effect that defective significantly reduces finally not only to reach nickel content, thereby has finished the present invention.
Therefore, first purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel.
Second purpose of the present invention is to provide the manufacture method of this low nickle type austenitic stainless steel.
Summary of the invention
An aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel, and this stainless steel comprises following chemical element: C:0.04~0.07%, Si:0.2~0.6%, Mn:5.5~7.5%, Cr:15.5~16.5%, Ni:3.0~4.5%, N:0.05~0.15%, Cu:1.5~2.0%, P: S≤0.040% :≤0.008%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
The invention provides a kind of preferred low nickle type austenitic stainless steel, the contained chemical element of this stainless steel also comprises Mo:0.01%~0.5%.
The main effect of above-mentioned each element is as follows:
C is a kind of interstitial element, can significantly improve the intensity of steel by solution strengthening, forms and stable austenite tissue and expansion austenitic area; Suitably improve that the cold working that C content also helps austenitic steel is expanded, moulded, processability, and make hot-work be not easy to produce the limit to split.But as a rule, C combines meeting with chromium in the steel and forms Cr
23C
6The type carbide, the solidity to corrosion that makes steel is the intergranular corrosion resistance degradation particularly, consider that from the solidity to corrosion angle general requirement C is low more good more, but low excessively C can make the austenite structure instability, and increases the smelting procedure cost.Therefore take into account austenite structure and solidity to corrosion, C is 0.04~0.07% in control.
Si is a kind of deoxidant element, when Si can reduce the solidity to corrosion of austenitic stainless steel less than 1.0% the time and significantly improve the susceptibility of the solid solution attitude intergranular corrosion of steel, and it is again a ferrite former, so it is too not high to control Si content as far as possible, is controlled at 0.2~0.6%.
Mn is more weak austenite former, but significantly improves the solubleness of N in austenitic steel, the costliness in the normal alternative steel of the compound adding of manganese, nitrogen, rare element Ni.But Mn add affiliation make its with steel in impurity element S formation MnS and reduce the solidity to corrosion of steel, too high Mn also reduces the welding property of austenitic steel.Therefore, Mn is controlled at 5.5~7.5%.
Cr is the forming element of ferritic phase, is corrosion proof topmost element in the stainless steel.C in Cr and the stainless steel forms carbide, though reduce the solidity to corrosion of steel, causes intergranular corrosion, when carbon content one timing, increases with Cr amount in the steel, and intergranular corrosion susceptibility then descends.When Cr-Mn-N austenitic stainless steel Cr content improves, can make the high temperature microstructure instability of steel, produce the high temperature ferritic phase, cause the hot workability variation, produce the limit and split.Therefore, it is not enough that Cr crosses low solidity to corrosion, and the hyperthermia poor processability is controlled at 15.5~16.5%.
Ni is the element of strong formation and stable austenite and expansion austenite phase region.Along with the increase of nickel content, the intensity of steel reduces and the plasticity raising, helps heat, cold working and forming property.But nickel is expensive rare element, has a strong impact on the cost of austenitic stainless steel, causes the solidity to corrosion of steel to descend if Ni crosses the low passivation effect variation of steel that not only makes, and also causes degradations such as hot and cold processing.Therefore, under the prerequisite that guarantees the stainless steel performance, reduce Ni as much as possible, control it 3.0~4.5%.
Cu is weak austenite former, can improve the rustless property and the solidity to corrosion of steel, and particularly the effect in reductants such as sulfuric acid is more obvious.Cu also can significantly reduce the intensity and the cold hardening tendency of steel, but too high meeting reduces the thermoplasticity of austenitic stainless steel, thereby influences the hot workability of steel.Therefore control Cu 1.5~2.0%.
N improves the intensity of austenitic stainless steel as the solution strengthening element, but does not significantly reduce the moulding of steel, toughness.For austenitic stainless steel, N content surpasses at 0.15% o'clock, and the hot and cold processing characteristics of steel will descend to some extent.N not only significantly improves the comprehensive corrosion resistance nature of austenitic stainless steel, and improves its intergranular corrosion resistance.Therefore, be controlled at 0.05~0.15%.
P and S are the unavoidable impurities element, but performance is had adverse influence, control P≤0.04%.Because can producing MnS with the Mn in the steel, S causes pitting attack, for guaranteeing the erosion resistance of steel, control S≤0.008%.
The present invention provides a kind of manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel on the other hand, comprise smelting, casting, hot rolling, tropical annealing and pickling, cold rolling and cold belt annealing and pickling, wherein, smelt in the casting step, nickel equivalent is 12.08-12.74% before the casting, and chromium equivalent is 16.27-17.03%; In the hot-rolled step, the process furnace tapping temperature is 1180-1230 ℃.
In the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel provided by the invention, a kind of preferred embodiment is that in hot-rolled step, the process furnace tapping temperature is 1180-1220 ℃.
In the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel provided by the invention, a kind ofly preferred embodiment be, in casting step, casting temperature is controlled at 1468-1483 ℃, pulling rate be 1-1.3 rice/minute.
In the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel provided by the invention, a kind ofly preferred embodiment be, in hot-rolled step, finish rolling finishing temperature>1000 ℃.
In the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel provided by the invention, a kind ofly preferred embodiment be, in hot-rolled step, the laminar flow cooling adopts leading portion to cool off fast, and coiling temperature is 620 ℃ ~ 650 ℃.
In the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel provided by the invention, a kind of preferred embodiment is that in tropical annealing and pickling step, the annealing solid solution temperature is 1020-1100 ℃, soaking time 1-5 minute.
In the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel provided by the invention, a kind of preferred embodiment is in cold rolling step, to add up draft 〉=50%.
In the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel provided by the invention, a kind of preferred embodiment is that in cold belt annealing and pickling step, annealing temperature is 1020-1100 ℃.
In sum, in the manufacture method provided by the invention, the processing requirement of each key step is analyzed as follows:
1, smelting and casting
Low nickle type austenitic stainless steel provided by the invention can be smelted in electric furnace+argon oxygen stove (AOD), take off S in the AOD stove, take off C when protecting Mn, Cr, and to make the target component of steel before casting satisfy nickel equivalent be 12.08~12.74%, chromium equivalent is 16.27~17.03%, tapping casting subsequently; Temperature is controlled at the upper limit of superheating temperature during continuous casting, is generally 1468-1483 ℃, and pulling rate is 1~1.3 meter/minute, and pulling rate control was limit on the lower side when molten steel temperature was higher, and pulling rate was limit control on the upper side when molten steel temperature was on the low side.
Wherein, nickel equivalent (Nieq) and the following expression of chromium equivalent (Creq) formula:
Nieq=30×(C+N)%+0.5×Mn%+Ni%+0.3×Cu%;
Creq=Cr%+1.5×Si%。
2, hot rolling
The continuously cast bloom heating slowly heats up according to heat-recovery section and preheating section, heating zone is rapidly heated, with the soaking zone temperature can not be too high the heating rule, the process furnace tapping temperature is controlled at 1180 ℃~1230 ℃, be preferably 1180 ℃~1220 ℃, the finish rolling finishing temperature is controlled at more than 1000 ℃, and the laminar flow cooling adopts leading portion to cool off 620 ℃~650 ℃ of coiling temperatures fast.In hot rolling below 1230 ℃ with guarantee under the precondition of above-mentioned chromium, nickel equivalent and since this moment steel tissue be single-phase austenite structure, whole thermal deformation process does not have the second relatively poor phase constitution of plasticity to exist, so hot rolling is difficult for producing the limit and splits.
3, torrid zone annealing and pickling
Adopt continuous annealing and acid cleaning process after the hot rolling, the annealing solid solution temperature remains on 1020~1100 ℃, and soaking time 1-5 minute, cooling fast.According to the characteristics that cold rolling feeds uses, select the solid solubility temperature point of differing temps scope, the principle of selection is to obtain hard partially steel to select lowest temperature, soft partially steel selects upper temperature limit.Split owing to be difficult for producing the limit, can cut edge before the annealing and pickling.
4, cold rolling
To the processing that obtains can adopt between the cold rolling finished product rolling process or two rolling processes, the accumulative total draft is at least greater than 50% after even moving back pickling for the stainless steel hot-rolling strip.Draft is crossed the low performance of the finished product and the surface quality of will causing and is descended.
5, cold belt annealing and pickling
During annealing and pickling after cold rolling was handled, annealing temperature remained on 1020~1100 ℃, can not be incubated and directly cooling, pickling fast.Can select different solid solution temperatures according to service requirements, the principle of selection is that the well hard partially steel of surface abrasion resistance selects the well soft partially steel of low-temperature annealing, deep drawing quality to select high temperature annealing.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention has selected more suitable nickel equivalent and chromium equivalent when composition designs, the low-nickel type stainless steel is added in elevated temperature heat keep the interval hot rolling of single-phase austenitic temperature man-hour, prevents that the limit of the frequent appearance of hot rolling from splitting the defective generation.Guaranteed again that simultaneously a certain amount of Cr, N, Cu etc. are useful but to the disadvantageous element of processibility, strict control S suitably reduces Mn, improves the erosion resistance of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel to erosion resistance.
Description of drawings
Figure 1B N4 and 304 contrast 10%NaCl solution soaking corrosive test-results, wherein Fig. 1-A is 304 corrosion test result, Fig. 1-B is the corrosion test result of BN4.
Fig. 2 BN4 and 304 contrast 20%NaCl solution soaking corrosive test-results, wherein Fig. 2-A is 304 corrosion test result, Fig. 2-B is the corrosion test result of BN4.
Fig. 3 BN4 and the saturated NaCl solution soaking corrosive test-results of 304 contrasts, wherein Fig. 3-A is 304 corrosion test result, Fig. 3-B is the corrosion test result of BN4.
Embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated with embodiment below, but these embodiment have any restriction to the present invention absolutely not.Any change that those skilled in the art are done in to the invention process under the enlightenment of this specification sheets all will drop in the scope of claims.
Smelt the alloy and the casting of chemical ingredients shown in the table 2, again through hot rolling, tropical annealing and pickling, at least greater than the cold rolling of 50% draught and cold belt annealing and pickling.Wherein hot rolled coil processing parameter, heat treatment parameter, deepfreeze parameter and limit are split situation and are seen Table 7, and the mechanical property after the cold working sees Table 8.
Table 2 chemical ingredients (%)
In the ratio of chemical ingredients shown in the table 3, operate according to embodiment 1 described processing step.Wherein hot rolled coil processing parameter, heat treatment parameter, deepfreeze parameter and limit are split situation and are seen Table 7, and the mechanical property after the cold working sees Table 8.
Table 3 chemical ingredients (%)
In the ratio of chemical ingredients shown in the table 4, operate according to embodiment 1 described processing step.Wherein hot rolled coil processing parameter, heat treatment parameter, deepfreeze parameter and limit are split situation and are seen Table 7, and the mechanical property after the cold working sees Table 8.
Table 4 chemical ingredients (%)
Embodiment 4
In the ratio of chemical ingredients shown in the table 5, operate according to embodiment 1 described processing step.Wherein hot rolled coil processing parameter, heat treatment parameter, deepfreeze parameter and limit are split situation and are seen Table 7, and the mechanical property after the cold working sees Table 8.
Table 5 chemical ingredients (%)
Embodiment 5
In the ratio of chemical ingredients shown in the table 6, operate according to embodiment 1 described processing step.Wherein hot rolled coil processing parameter, heat treatment parameter, deepfreeze parameter and limit are split situation and are seen Table 7, and the mechanical property after the cold working sees Table 8.
Table 6 chemical ingredients (%)
Processing parameter
Situation is split on table 7 hot rolled coil processing parameter, heat treatment parameter and limit
Annotate: cold belt is all consistent with tropical annealing region; And soaking time was controlled at 1~5 minute, and thick partially band steel is got time upper limit, and Bao band steel is got the time lower limit partially.
Corrosion experiment
See Fig. 1-Fig. 3 according to steel BN4 and 304 contrast NaCl solution soaking corrosive test-results that chemical element of the present invention and fabrication process get, wherein, Fig. 1-A is 304 corrosion test result, and Fig. 1-B is the corrosion test result of BN4; Fig. 2-A is 304 corrosion test result, and Fig. 2-B is the corrosion test result of BN4; Fig. 3-A is 304 corrosion test result, and Fig. 3-B is the corrosion test result of BN4.Wherein, Fig. 1: test conditions is 7 days, and used NaCl concentration is 10%, 40 ℃ of temperature; Fig. 2: test conditions is 7 days, and used NaCl concentration is 20%, 40 ℃ of temperature; Fig. 3: test conditions is 7 days, and used NaCl is a saturated solution, 40 ℃ of temperature.
From Fig. 1-Fig. 3 as can be seen, almost do not see the obvious difference of BN4 and 304 in three kinds of concentration solution soaking tests of NaCl.Judge relatively that from the polarization curve parameter corrosion potential of uniform corrosion with from corrosion current both solidity to corrosions are also very approaching, do not have very big difference.Illustrate and suitably reduce nickel, adjust other alloying element, not only saved stainless cost greatly, also significantly do not reduce the solidity to corrosion and the hot workability of steel.
Result's test
Mechanical property after table 8 cold working
Claims (10)
1. low nickle type austenitic stainless steel, it is characterized in that, comprise following chemical element: C:0.04~0.07%, Si:0.2~0.6%, Mn:5.5~7.5%, Cr:15.5~16.5%, Ni:3.0~4.5%, N:0.05~0.15%, Cu:1.5~2.0%, P :≤0.040%, S :≤0.008%, all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
2. low nickle type austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described low nickle type austenitic stainless steel also contains Mo:0.01%~0.5%.
3. the manufacture method of a low nickle type austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, comprise smelting, casting, hot rolling, tropical annealing and pickling, cold rolling and cold belt annealing and pickling, it is characterized in that, in smelting casting step, nickel equivalent is 12.08-12.74% before the casting, and chromium equivalent is 16.27-17.03%; In hot-rolled step, the process furnace tapping temperature is 1180-1230 ℃.
4. the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in described hot-rolled step, the process furnace tapping temperature is 1180-1220 ℃.
5. the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in described casting step, casting temperature is controlled at 1468-1483 ℃, pulling rate be 1-1.3 rice/minute.
6. the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in described hot-rolled step, and finish rolling finishing temperature>1000 ℃.
7. the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in described hot-rolled step, the laminar flow cooling adopts leading portion to cool off fast, and coiling temperature is 620 ℃ ~ 650 ℃.
8. the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in described tropical annealing and pickling step, the annealing solid solution temperature is 1020-1100 ℃, soaking time 1-5 minute.
9. the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in described cold rolling step, and accumulative total draft 〉=50%.
10. the manufacture method of low nickle type austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, in described cold belt annealing and pickling step, annealing temperature is 1020-1100 ℃.
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