CN102605262A - Ferritic stainless steel and method for manufacturing same - Google Patents
Ferritic stainless steel and method for manufacturing same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel which comprises the following chemical components in percent by weight: 0.001-0.025% of C, less than1.0% of Si, less than 1.0% of Mn, less than 0.03% of P, less than 0.010% of S, 17-20% of Cr, 1.70-2.00% of Mo, less than 0.02% of Al, 0.005-0.025% of N, less than 0.0100% of O, less than 0.2% of Nb, 0.10-0.15% of V, less than 0.5% of Ni and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. A method for manufacturing the ferritic stainless steel comprises the following steps: smelting by using a vacuum induction furnace, or by using an electric arc furnace through external refining or by using a converter through external refining; continuously casting, wherein the degree of superheat is controlled at 30-50 DEG C, and the slab pulling speed is controlled at 0.8-2m/min; pouring at 1,580-1,600 DEG C; heating the continuously-cast billet to 1,050-1,100 DEG C, and hot rolling, wherein the finish rolling temperature is 800-900 DEG C, and the hot rolling reduction is more that 90%; cooling in air; continuously annealing the hot-rolled strip steel, and pickling, wherein the annealing temperature is 950-1,050 DEG C, the temperature is preserved for 1-1.5t min, and the t represents the thickness (mm) of the strip steel. The ferritic stainless steel has excellent impact toughness, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and manufacturing technology thereof that can improve ferritic stainless steel impelling strength, have good solidity to corrosion and mechanical property simultaneously.
Background technology
Super-purity ferrite stainless steel 444 (18Cr-2Mo) stainless steel has excellent anti-spot corrosion, crevice corrosion, stress corrosion ability, intergranular corrosion resistance and pyro-oxidation resistance because of it; Its anti-corrosion capability is in some field even be superior to 304 and 316; At present in faintly acid fermentation equipment such as the heat exchanging apparatus of anti-weak medium pitting and anti-acetic acid, like BW T, solar water heater, water tank and fermentation and storage tank etc.444 have substituted a part of market consumption of 304 in the stainless steel water tank industry.304 austenitic stainless steels have been substituted at 444 of some dyeing 444 existing about 90%.Also have 444 to substitute the successful example that traditional austenitic stainless steel is used in various fields such as food, building exterior trims.But still there are some shortcomings in 444 ferritic stainless steels, and are poor like room temperature, low-temperature impact toughness, have relatively high expectations when causing cold and hot working to be made, to the temperature requirement height of processing and environment for use.Especially when the thickness of material was above greater than 3mm, stainless fragility tendency enlarged markedly, thereby the range of application of this steel grade is still smaller.
The impelling strength of 444 ferritic stainless steels is generally lower.On the microcosmic, the harmful precipitate of crystal boundary is few more, and the crystal boundary bonding force is firm more, and the raising of impelling strength is lacked and more helped to defectives such as intracrystalline dislocation and inclusion.These factors receive the combined influence of material chemical composition and process for machining and manufacturing.
External 444 industrial plates are put on market, but domestic 444 also do not come into operation in a large number at present, have only only a spot of user to use 444 industrial plates.444 excellent comprehensive performances and lower cost advantage progressively highlight, and are stainless steel if can replace expensive 300, will be new mileages of 444 stainless steels and even whole domestic stainless steel industry.
To improving ferritic stainless steel toughness, reducing this target of ductile-brittle transition temperature, multiple different mentality of designing is arranged both at home and abroad.
CN1241221A discloses a kind of deep drawing quality and good ferrite stainless steel and the method for manufacture thereof of anti-ridging property; This patent and something in common of the present invention contain Nb for all relating to, Ti, the ferritic stainless steel of V; But proportioning is different with the present invention with add-on; In this patent, Ti content is below 0.25% (weight), and Ti/N>12; Nb and V content satisfy (Nb+V): 0.05-0.10% (weight), and V/Nb:2-5.The present invention has then mainly utilized the microalloying effect of Nb and V.
CN101168822A discloses a kind of high ductility nickel-free ferrite stainless steel and method of manufacture thereof, and this patent contains 0.02~0.1 massfraction rare earth, and the ME difficulty is big, is difficult in the production scene realizing.
CN101148739A discloses a kind of middle chromium rare earth-containing high-purity ferrite wrinkle-resistant stainless steel and method of manufacture thereof, and this patent mainly is through Nb, and Ti and rare earth carry out microalloying; The present invention then is through Nb; V carries out microalloying, and manufacture difficulty is less, implements easily in the production.
CN101381845A discloses a kind of high-purity ferrite stainless steel material and method of manufacture thereof, and this patent mainly is through Nb and microalloying of rare earth, Nb content higher 0.25~0.40%.The present invention does not contain rare earth, and Nb content is low relatively.
CN1683583A discloses a kind of ferrite stainless steel for automobile exhaust system member of superior in thermal fatigue strength; This patent of invention and difference of the present invention are that the Cr content in the product of the present invention is different with this patent, and Nb, Ti content are different with this patent; And product of the present invention contains V; Ni, the patented product do not contain V, Ni.
EP2100983A1 discloses the ferritic stainless steel of a kind of welding joint solidity to corrosion and steel plate good-toughness, but Cr that should invent and Nb content are high, causes the cost of steel high.
WO2009/110641A1 discloses a kind of stainless steel with good thermal fatigue property and acid corrosion-resistant performance, but this invention does not contain Ni and V, and content of niobium is high than the present invention.
CN101285152A discloses the STAINLESS STEEL WIRE with magnetic or the steel wire of a kind of erosion resistance, cold-workability and tenacity excellent, this patent precious metal Nb content higher (0.2~0.8%), and cost is higher.
CN1104686A discloses a kind of ferritic stainless steel with good resistance to atmospheric corrosion and anti-crevice corrosion property; It is higher that this patent contains P, and massfraction accounts for 0.04%~0.2%, and P forms inclined to one side polymers easily; The over-all properties of heavy damage steel; This patent production difficulty is big, and the use field is more special, narrow range.
EP1408132B1 discloses a kind of stainless steel plate with good deep drawability, tensile property and hot strength, high-temperature oxidation resistance and low-temperature flexibility, comprises B and REE in the chemical ingredients of this invention, and metallurgical difficulty is big.
Do not increasing cost as far as possible, do not increasing under the prerequisite of metallurgical difficulty simultaneously,, designing and a kind ofly have good impelling strength, have the ferritic stainless steel of good corrosion resistance and mechanical property concurrently simultaneously in order to improve impelling strength.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve 444 stainless impelling strength, improve its processing and manufacturing performance, simultaneously also in order to widen its application market; The present invention through adding V and these two kinds of microalloy elements of Nb, utilizes the interaction of V and Nb on 444 composition characteristic basis; Change the form and the distribution of small precipitate; Adopt suitable thermal treatment process simultaneously, the impelling strength of newly-designed alloy system is improved, guarantee good solidity to corrosion and mechanical property simultaneously.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ferritic stainless steel and method of manufacture thereof with good impelling strength and low ductile-brittle transition temperature.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose; Ferritic stainless steel of the present invention; Its chemical component weight per-cent is: below the C:0.001-0.025%, Si:1.0%, below the Mn:1.0%, below the P:0.03%, below the S:0.010%, Cr:17-20%, Mo:1.70-2.00%, below the Al:0.02%, N:0.005-0.025%, below the O:0.0100%, below the Nb:0.2%, V:0.10-0.15%, below the Ni:0.5%, all the other be Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preferably, C:0.003-0.006%.
Preferably, N:0.0050-0.0080%, O:0.0030~0.0080%.
Preferably, Si:0.08-0.1%, Mn:0.06-0.1%.
Preferably, Nb:0.1-0.16%, Ni:0.3-0.5%.
Preferably, P is below 0.01%.
Preferably, S is below 0.005%.
Preferably, Al is below 0.01%.
The control of above-mentioned each element of Chemical Composition of the present invention the reasons are as follows:
Chromium: chromium is the alloying element that makes ferritic stainless steel have ferritic structure and have good corrosion resistance.Ferritic stainless steel is in Oxidant, and chromium can make and generate chromic oxide (Cr on the stainless surface rapidly
2O
3) passive film.The rustless property of ferritic stainless steel and corrosion proof acquisition are because under the medium effect, chromium has promoted the passivation of steel and made steel keep stablizing passive result.Chromium also improves the anti-local corrosion of steel, and such as the performance of stress corrosion under intergranular corrosion, pitting attack, crevice corrosion and some condition, but the increase of chromium content certainly will increase cost, and therefore, chromium content is controlled at 17.0-18.0% in the steel of the present invention.
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen: all shortcomings of ferritic stainless steel, for example, brittle transition temperature is high, notch sensitivity big, under the postwelding solidity to corrosion degradation all with steel in carbon, nitrogen relevant.Why carbon and nitrogen have no idea to avoid fully is because contain very high nitrogen in the atmosphere; Steel-making is with also containing carbon in starting material chromium, the steel scrap etc.; Though in smelting process, can most ofly remove carbon and nitrogen; But if will remove fully then is very difficult, and smelting equipment and technology are realized requiring high, low excessively carbon and nitrogen content will increase difficulty and cost in the preparation process.When carbon or nitrogen content are too high, will combine the back to form rich chromium carbonitride with chromium at crystal boundary, cause intergranular corrosion.Therefore, the design carbon content is 0.001-0.025% in the steel of the present invention, and nitrogen content is controlled at 0.005-0.025%, is preferably C:0.003-0.006%, N:0.01-0.02%.Oxygen level in the ferritic stainless steel, not only influential to toughness, the brittle transition temperature of steel is raise, oxygen level is strict with and is controlled at O≤0.0100% among the present invention, is preferably 0.0030~0.0080%.
Molybdenum: the vital role of molybdenum is to improve the anti-spot corrosion and the slit and corrosion resistant performance of ferritic stainless steel, promotes stainless surface passivation, improves its corrosion resisting property.Simultaneously, molybdenum still is the noble metal element, causes cost of alloy to increase.Therefore in the steel of the present invention, molybdenum content is controlled at the scope of 1.70-1.85%.
Nickel: nickel can improve room-temperature mechanical property, intensity and the toughness of ferritic stainless steel, and the brittle transition temperature of steel is moved down, and also can further improve the corrosion resistance nature of steel in some medium.But nickel is strong austenite former; Also can increase the Sensitivity of Stress Corrosion of ferritic stainless steel simultaneously; For guaranteeing that steel of the present invention has single ferritic structure and has good anticorrosion stress-resistant performance, keep nickel below 0.5% in the steel of the present invention, be preferably 0.3-0.5%.
Silicon and manganese: silicon and manganese are indispensable alloying elements in the stainless steel.Silicon is used for deoxidation in fusion process, simultaneously silicon can improve the hot strength of ferritic phase, but will reduce the solubleness of nitrogen when silicone content is too high, and the separating out of acceleration intermetallic phase.Manganese and sulphur form MnS, can reduce impelling strength and corrodibility.Therefore, design Si≤1.0% in the steel of the present invention, Mn≤1.0% is preferably Si:0.08-0.1%, Mn:0.06-0.1%.
Phosphorus: phosphorus easy generation in stainless steel gathers partially, weakens the crystal boundary bonding force, generally is regarded as harmful element, should control low more well more as far as possible, and the control phosphorus content is preferably below 0.01% below 0.03% among the present invention.
Sulphur: sulphur also is regarded as unfavorable element in stainless steel, and sulphur content is high, and is unfavorable to corrosion resisting property, in stainless steel of the present invention, is controlled at below 0.010%, is preferably below 0.005%.
Niobium: niobium is a ferrite former, an amount of niobium can make the carbon, nitride of chromium in the stainless steel then form niobium the crystal grain of carbon, nitride and refinement ferritic stainless steel, improve the intergranular corrosion resistance performance of ferritic stainless steel.In the process of cooling of hot rolled coil after batching, be in high temperature section for a long time, form the carbonitride of niobium and the compound of iron niobium easily; Especially the middle part of coil of strip, temperature is than higher, and precipitate is many; Can damage the impelling strength of steel, in the production of postorder, excessive precipitate can influence the performance of coil of strip; On the product line, be easy to generate broken belt, the normal operation that influence is produced.Niobium also can increase production cost.Therefore, Nb content is controlled at below 0.2% among the present invention, is preferably Nb:0.10-0.16%.
Vanadium: the nitrogen in vanadium and the steel has stronger avidity, so fixing " freedom " nitrogen in the steel of vanadium, in micro-alloyed steel, (C N), plays crystal grain thinning, improves the intensity and the toughness of steel through forming V.In stainless steel, vanadium also can change the form of precipitate, and crystal grain thinning also has the characteristic of the obdurability that improves steel.Among the present invention, V:0.10~0.15%.
Aluminium: aluminium is impurity element among the present invention, and is low more good more, is controlled at below 0.02%, preferably below 0.008%.
Preparing method with ferritic stainless steel of mentioned component of the present invention comprises following process step: master operations such as smelting and casting, hot rolling, hot-roll annealing pickling.
Smelt and casting:
Ferritic stainless steel of the present invention can be in vacuum induction furnace, electric arc furnace+external refining, and any smelting technology is smelted in converter+external refining.Further, smelting process is that vacuum induction is smelted, or, electric furnace+argon oxygen decarburization AOD, or the outer concise LF stove of electric furnace+argon oxygen decarburization AOD+ stove is smelted.When adopting converter+external refining+continuous casting or electric furnace+external refining+continuous casting process, the continuous caster that continuous casting must adopt charged magnetic to stir makes proportion of equiaxed grain in the continuously cast bloom solidified structure >=40%.The control superheating temperature is 30-50 ℃ during continuous casting, avoids the continuous casting generation of defects through the control superheating temperature, and the slab pulling rate is 0.8-2m/min during continuous casting.
Add Nb and V before the tapping casting, pouring temperature is controlled at 1580-1600 ℃, and pouring temperature is too high, is difficult to realize thin brilliant control, and pouring temperature is low excessively, causes Molten Steel Flow property poor easily, produces shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosite, influence casting quality.
Hot rolling:
According to the steel specification of customer requirements, carry out hot rolling, the Heating temperature of strand is 1050-1100 ℃, finishing temperature is controlled at 800-900 ℃, air cooling.Too high Heating temperature will cause the grain coarsening of strand, the mechanical property of deterioration the finished product can, low excessively Heating temperature will cause the increase of resistance to deformation and be unfavorable for the smooth completion of course of hot rolling.Too high finishing temperature consumes the deformation energy storage of hot rolled strip easily, cause the finished product mechanical property can decline, low excessively finishing temperature will cause the increase of resistance to deformation and be unfavorable for the smooth completion of course of hot rolling.The hot rolled draught is controlled at more than 90%.
The hot-roll annealing pickling:
Strip after the hot rolling adopts the continuous annealing acid cleaning process, and annealing temperature remains 950-1050 ℃, and soaking time is pressed 1t-1.5t min and calculated, and t is material thickness (unit is mm).Annealing temperature is too high, causes the alligatoring of recrystal grain easily, thus the mechanical property of deterioration the finished product, and annealing temperature is low excessively, can not realize the perfect recrystallization of hot rolled strip, also with the mechanical property of deterioration the finished product.Soaking time is too short, can not realize the perfect recrystallization of hot rolled strip equally, and soaking time is oversize, can cause crystal grain thick equally.
The present invention utilizes ferrite stainless steel microalloying principle, doses the V and the Nb of trace, in order to stablize C, N element, reduces the C, N of the solid solution disadvantageous effect to ferritic stainless steel impelling strength.
Ferritic stainless steel of the present invention has good solidity to corrosion concurrently, also can be applicable to the industrial use in the corrosive environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the ferritic stainless steel hot-rolling annealed state tissue of present embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is precipitated phase (particle of white point-like among a figure) scanned photograph in the ferritic stainless steel of present embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is compared steel 444 ferritic stainless steel precipitated phases (particle of white point-like among the figure) scanned photograph.
Fig. 4 is that the impelling strength of present embodiment 1 is with the variation of temperature curve.
Fig. 5 is that the impelling strength of present embodiment 3 is with the variation of temperature curve.
Fig. 6 is that the impelling strength of compared steel 444 is with the variation of temperature curve
Embodiment
The composition scope of design of steel of the present invention is shown in table 1 with the standard analysis scope of contrast steel grade.
Through smelting and casting after obtain the ingot casting of proportion of equiaxed grain >=40%, through the cold rolling of hot rolling, a rolling process or two rolling processes and the water system that repeatedly obtains high comprehensive performance after annealing, the pickling with containing Mo ferritic stainless steel cold rolled sheet.The technology of embodiments of the invention is listed in the table 2.
With embodiment 1 is example:
1, smelting and casting
Embodiment 1 usefulness vacuum induction furnace is smelted.At first, control stabilization element nb and V add fully alloying of back, and pouring temperature is controlled at 1580 ℃.
2, hot rolling
Strand is heated to 1100 ℃, rolls into the hot rolled strip that thickness is 6.0mm, and finishing temperature is 850 ℃, air cooling.
3, hot-roll annealing pickling
Strip after the hot rolling adopts the continuous annealing pickling, and annealing temperature remains 1050 ℃, soaking time 6 minutes.
Experimental example 1: pitting potential
Pitting potential is to measure through potentiostat, and touchstone is GB/T 17899-1999 " a stainless steel pitting potential measuring method ".Measurement and evaluation result are listed in table 3, for comparative analysis, have listed file names with the test result of 444 steel grades of contrast steel grade in the table.
Experimental example 2: mechanical property
Mechanical property is tested by the MTS universal testing machine, and detection method is pressed GB/T228-2008 and carried out.Impelling strength is characterized by ductile-brittle transition temperature, and at first according to the impact value of method GB/T229-2007 determination experiment sample under differing temps, the pairing temperature of MV of getting its upper mounting plate and lower platform impact value is as ductile-brittle transition temperature.Ductile-brittle transition temperature is low more, helps more producing and the postorder use.Take off data and evaluation result are listed in table 3, for comparative analysis, have listed file names with the test result of 444 steel grades of contrast steel grade in the table.
Each item performance index of table 3 steel of the present invention and compared steel
It is thus clear that steel of the present invention is compared with compared steel 444, ductile-brittle transition temperature is low, embodiment 3 and 4 especially, and ductile-brittle transition temperature descends the most obvious, and the potential use range is more extensive; Corrosion-resistant ability and 444 suitable.
Experimental example 3: hot-roll annealing attitude tissue
The hot-roll annealing attitude of embodiment 1 is organized as shown in Figure 1.
Experimental example 4: precipitated phase microstructure
The precipitated phase microstructure of embodiment 1 and compared steel 444 is seen Fig. 2 and 3.
From figure, can see that be uniform-distribution with the tiny precipitate of nano level in the matrix of embodiment 1, the precipitate of compared steel 444 is bigger.
Experimental example 4: the temperature variant rule of impelling strength
Visible from Fig. 4,5 and 6, the low-temperature impact toughness of steel of the present invention is better than compared steel.
According to the present invention; Pass through optimization of Chemical Composition; Can obtain to have the ferritic stainless steel of good impelling strength and good solidity to corrosion and mechanical property; Can under the situation lower, produce and processing and manufacturing,, also promote tachnical storage is provided for industrial application in the future for enterprise creates certain benefit to temperature requirement.
Claims (10)
1. ferritic stainless steel; Its chemical component weight per-cent is: below C:0.001~0.025%, Si:1.0%, below the Mn:1.0%, below the P:0.03%, below the S:0.010%, Cr:17-20%, Mo:1.70-2.00%, below the Al:0.02%, N:0.005-0.025%, below the O:0.0100%, below the Nb:0.2%, V:0.10-0.15%, below the Ni:0.5%, all the other be Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. ferritic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, C:0.003-0.006%, N:0.0050-0.0080%, O:0.0030~0.0080%.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 ferritic stainless steel is characterized in that, below the Si:0.1%, below the Mn:0.1%, is preferably Si:0.08-0.1%, Mn:0.06-0.1%.
4. like the arbitrary described ferritic stainless steel of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that Nb:0.1-0.16%, Ni:0.3-0.5%.
5. like the arbitrary described ferritic stainless steel of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, below the P:0.01%, below the S:0.005, below the Al:0.01%.
6. like the method for manufacture of the arbitrary described ferritic stainless steel of claim 1-5, comprising:
Any smelting technology that employing is selected from vacuum induction furnace, electric arc example+external refining or the converter+external refining is smelted;
Continuous casting, the control superheating temperature is 30-50 ℃, the slab pulling rate is 0.8-2m/min
Cast 1580-1600 ℃ of temperature
Continuously cast bloom is heated to 1050-1100 ℃ and carries out hot rolling, and the control finishing temperature is 800-900 ℃; The hot rolling draught is controlled at more than 90%; It is cold to roll laggard line space;
Strip after the hot rolling adopts the continuous annealing acid cleaning process, and annealing temperature remains 950-1050 ℃, and soaking time is pressed 1t-1.5t min and calculated, and t is a strip thickness, and unit is mm.
7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, electric furnace+argon oxygen decarburization AOD is adopted in electric furnace+external refining, or electric furnace+argon oxygen decarburization AOD+ external refining LF stove is smelted.
8. like claim 6 or 7 arbitrary described methods, it is characterized in that when adopting converter+external refining or electric furnace+external refining, continuous casting in the continuous caster that charged magnetic stirs makes proportion of equiaxed grain in the continuously cast bloom solidified structure >=40%.
9. like the arbitrary described method of claim 6-8, it is characterized in that the soaking time of continuous annealing is 6-9min.
10. the ferritic stainless steel of making like the arbitrary described method of claim 6-9, its ys >=300MPa, tensile strength >=450MPa, unit elongation >=30%, impelling strength, solidity to corrosion and good mechanical performance.
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