CN111893382A - Food chain stainless steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Food chain stainless steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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Abstract
The invention relates to food chain stainless steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the food chain stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04-0.07%; si: 0.5-1.0%; mn: 0.5-1.0%; cr: 14.0 to 14.5 percent; ni: 1.3-1.7%; s: < 0.002%; p: < 0.025%; ti: 0.3-0.5%; mo: 0.2-0.4%; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method adopts the process flow of 'electric furnace-AOD-LF-continuous casting-hot rolling-solid solution pickling'. The food chain stainless steel prepared by the preparation method has low cost, low oxygen and nitrogen content in the steel, high steel purity, mechanical property, surface quality and the like which meet the requirements of the food chain transmission field, and can be processed into various specifications.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal materials, in particular to a food chain stainless steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The chain is an important part necessary for mechanical transmission equipment, and has important influence on the production efficiency and safety of the transmission equipment. The traditional chain material in China is mainly made of No. 45 and 40Mn and other common carbon steel. With the progress of the mechanical industry and the requirements of factors such as working environment and the like, the common No. 45 and 40Mn carbon steel is difficult to meet the requirements of higher performances such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, deep drawing and the like of the chain. Particularly, in the food field, the chain steel has strict requirements on the above performances of the steel, and also has higher requirements on the surface smoothness, the flatness and the like of the material. Compared with common carbon steel, stainless steel has a smoother surface, good corrosion resistance, easy maintenance and long life cycle, 304 stainless steel or 316 stainless steel with excellent processing performance and mature manufacturing technology is generally selected in the field of food chains, and relatively speaking, the price of the steel is higher, so that the use cost of enterprises is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides the food chain stainless steel with excellent mechanical property, surface quality, corrosion resistance and low price, and provides the preparation method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a stainless steel for a food chain, characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04-0.07%; si: 0.5-1.0%; mn: 0.5-1.0%; cr: 14.0 to 14.5 percent; ni: 1.3-1.7%; s: < 0.002%; p: < 0.025%; ti: 0.3-0.5%; mo: 0.2-0.4%; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the food chain stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.056 percent; si: 0.62 percent; mn: 0.61%; cr: 14.33 percent; ni: 1.45 percent; s: 0.0017%; p: 0.021%; ti: 0.38 percent; mo: 0.2 percent; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, the food chain stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.068 percent of C; si: 0.72 percent; mn: 0.66 percent; cr: 14.25 percent; ni: 1.40 percent; s: 0.0014%; p: 0.019%; ti: 0.36 percent; mo: 0.31 percent; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the chain stainless steel for food, which adopts the process flow of 'electric furnace-AOD-LF-continuous casting-hot rolling-solid solution pickling'.
The preparation method of the chain stainless steel for food comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: the electric furnace takes waste steel and ferronickel as raw materials to carry out batching, foam slag is made and flows slag and slag is changed during smelting, the end point molten steel C is more than 1 percent, P is less than 0.02 percent, 100 percent of tapping is carried out, and slag is blocked;
the second step is that: in an AOD furnace, oxygen is blown from the side and the top of the furnace again for decarburization, argon is blown from the side in the whole process for denitrification, decarburization is carried out by stages, alloys such as high-carbon ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and the like are added in batches in the blowing process for alloying, and lime, fluorite and the like are added for slagging; adding ferrosilicon for reduction at the initial stage of reduction, adding aluminum blocks for reduction at the later stage, measuring temperature and sampling after reduction, and ensuring that molten steel is desulfurized to less than 20ppm before tapping and the tapping temperature is more than 1650 ℃;
the third step: electrifying the molten steel in an LF furnace, raising the temperature and melting the slag, adding an alloy according to the components fed into the furnace, adjusting the alloy to a target component, feeding a proper amount of calcium silicate wire after the components are adjusted in place, and then performing weak blowing treatment to promote the floating of inclusions;
the fourth step: the baking temperature of the tundish for continuous casting is 1100 ℃, and the baking time is more than 4 hours; the whole process of pouring is carried out without oxidation protection pouring, special covering slag is adopted, and the fluctuation of the liquid level of the crystallizer is within 2 mm;
the fifth step: when the continuous casting billet is hot rolled, the soaking temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1150-1180 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 930-960 ℃, and the rolling specification is 4-6 mm;
and a sixth step: the temperature is controlled within the range of 850-900 ℃ during solid solution pickling, and the food chain stainless steel is obtained after pickling.
In the present invention, the components of the stainless steel for food chain are determined as follows:
C. n: carbon is an element necessary for securing the strength of steel, and increasing the carbon content in steel increases the non-equilibrium structure transformation ability of steel, thereby increasing the strength of steel. However, a high carbon content causes problems such as a decrease in plasticity and toughness of the steel, a decrease in corrosion resistance after welding, and difficulty in press working after cold rolling. Nitrogen is an inevitable element in the stainless steel smelting process, the strength of the steel can be improved within a proper range, and if the nitrogen is too high, a large amount of nitrides are precipitated from grain boundaries, so that the corrosion resistance of the steel is reduced. In addition, the titanium content in the steel needs to be adjusted within a certain range according to the C + N content, and too high content of the titanium alloy can increase the use amount of the titanium alloy, thereby increasing the production cost. Thus, the present invention controls C: 0.04-0.07%, N <160 ppm.
Si and Mn: the silicon element and the manganese element are indispensable alloy elements in steel, play roles of deoxidation and solid solution strengthening, and can not effectively deoxidize molten steel when the content of the silicon element and the manganese element is less than 0.1 percent, and the content of the silicon element and the manganese element is controlled to be 0.5 to 1 percent.
Cr: chromium is a stable element of ferrite, and chromium increases the electrode potential of the iron-based solid solution and absorbs electrons of iron to passivate the iron, so that the contradictory motion in stainless steel is promoted to be favorable for resisting corrosion damage. Chromium in an oxidizing medium can rapidly generate chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) The passive film enhances the corrosion resistance of the steel. The chromium content of the invention is controlled to be 14.0-14.5%.
Ni: nickel can improve the room temperature mechanical properties such as strength and toughness of ferritic stainless steels and further improve the corrosion resistance of the steels in certain media. But the Ni is a strong austenite forming element, and in order to ensure that the steel grade has a single ferrite structure and good mechanical properties, the Ni content in the steel is 1.3-1.7%.
Ti is a common stabilizer in stainless steel, and can be combined with an interstitial element C, N in the steel to form stable TiN and TiC. TiN is used as a nucleation core, so that the equiaxial crystal rate can be improved, and the grain size of a finished product is ensured; TiC can inhibit depletion of Cr in grain boundary to prevent intergranular corrosion, and in addition, proper amounts of carbon and nitrogen elements in steel can refine ferrite weld seam structure and improve weldability of steel. The invention comprehensively considers the factors of solid solution of titanium in an iron matrix, combination of the solid solution and other elements in steel such as sulfur and the like, and controls the content of titanium to be 0.3-0.5%.
Mo: the main function of the molybdenum is to promote the passivation of the iron-chromium alloy and improve the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. Molybdenum can improve the hardness and strength of the ferritic stainless steel and reduce the toughness in a solid solution strengthening mode. The content of molybdenum is obviously improved, the welding performance and cold-working formability of the steel are adversely affected, the cost is increased, and the content of molybdenum is controlled to be 0.2-0.4%.
S, P sulphur and phosphorus are harmful elements in steel. Sulphur tends to form brittle sulphides in steel, reducing the strength and toughness of the steel, causing cracks in the steel during hot working, especially detrimental to the plasticity of the steel. Phosphorus causes hardening and increases the brittleness of the steel. Therefore, in order to avoid the harm of impurity elements to steel, the sulfur and the phosphorus in the steel are controlled at a lower level, and P is controlled to be less than 0.025 percent and S is controlled to be less than 0.002 percent.
The food chain stainless steel belongs to nickel-saving type ferrite stainless steel, and has lower cost and stable price compared with the traditional 304 steel. The oxygen and nitrogen contents in steel are controlled through parameters such as components, the adding amount and the adding time of a reducing agent, the weak blowing time and the flow in the smelting process, the quantity and the content of inclusions are reduced, and the aim of improving the purity of steel is fulfilled; by adopting unique design on parameters such as rolling temperature, curling temperature, heat treatment and the like, the mechanical property and the surface quality of the steel are ensured to meet the requirements of customers, and the market demand is met.
The food chain stainless steel is greatly different from common chain steel, and elements such as Cr, Mo and the like in the steel can ensure that the chain stainless steel is used in a mild corrosion resistance environment; ti element can fix carbon in steel to prevent intergranular corrosion; the oxygen content in the steel is controlled within 20ppm and the nitrogen content is controlled within 160ppm by the technical means of Al deoxidation, weak blowing time control, calcium treatment and the like, so that the purity of the steel is ensured; the class B inclusion in the hot rolled coil is less than or equal to 0.5 grade; the mechanical property and the surface quality of the steel after solid solution and acid pickling meet the requirements of cold rolling processing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: the food chain stainless steel has low cost, low oxygen and nitrogen content, high steel purity, mechanical performance, surface quality and other advantages, and may be used in food chain transmission.
Detailed Description
The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1.
The embodiment 1 discloses a food chain stainless steel, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04-0.07%; si: 0.5-1.0%; mn: 0.5-1.0%; cr: 14.0 to 14.5 percent; ni: 1.3-1.7%; s: < 0.002%; p: < 0.025%; ti: 0.3-0.5%; mo: 0.2-0.4%; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
In this example 1, there is also disclosed a method for preparing a chain stainless steel for food, which employs a process flow of "electric furnace-AOD-LF-continuous casting-hot rolling-solid solution pickling".
The preparation method of the chain stainless steel for food comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: the electric furnace takes waste steel and ferronickel as raw materials to carry out batching, foam slag is made and flows slag and slag is changed during smelting, the end point molten steel C is more than 1 percent, P is less than 0.02 percent, 100 percent of tapping is carried out, and slag is blocked;
the second step is that: in an AOD furnace, oxygen is blown from the side and the top of the furnace again for decarburization, argon is blown from the side in the whole process for denitrification, decarburization is carried out by stages, alloys such as high-carbon ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and the like are added in batches in the blowing process for alloying, and lime, fluorite and the like are added for slagging; adding ferrosilicon for reduction at the initial stage of reduction, adding aluminum blocks for reduction at the later stage, measuring temperature and sampling after reduction, and ensuring that molten steel is desulfurized to less than 20ppm before tapping and the tapping temperature is more than 1650 ℃;
the third step: electrifying the molten steel in an LF furnace, raising the temperature and melting the slag, adding an alloy according to the components fed into the furnace, adjusting the alloy to a target component, feeding a proper amount of calcium silicate wire after the components are adjusted in place, and then performing weak blowing treatment to promote the floating of inclusions;
the fourth step: the baking temperature of the tundish for continuous casting is 1100 ℃, and the baking time is more than 4 hours; the whole process of pouring is carried out without oxidation protection pouring, special covering slag is adopted, and the fluctuation of the liquid level of the crystallizer is within 2 mm;
the fifth step: when the continuous casting billet is hot-rolled, the soaking temperature is 1220 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1160 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 950 ℃, and the rolling specification is 4-6 mm;
and a sixth step: controlling the temperature in solid solution pickling within 860 ℃, and obtaining the food chain stainless steel after pickling.
In example 1, the components of the stainless steel for food chain were determined as follows:
C. n: carbon is an element necessary for securing the strength of steel, and increasing the carbon content in steel increases the non-equilibrium structure transformation ability of steel, thereby increasing the strength of steel. However, a high carbon content causes problems such as a decrease in plasticity and toughness of the steel, a decrease in corrosion resistance after welding, and difficulty in press working after cold rolling. Nitrogen is an inevitable element in the stainless steel smelting process, the strength of the steel can be improved within a proper range, and if the nitrogen is too high, a large amount of nitrides are precipitated from grain boundaries, so that the corrosion resistance of the steel is reduced. In addition, the titanium content in the steel needs to be adjusted within a certain range according to the C + N content, and too high content of the titanium alloy can increase the use amount of the titanium alloy, thereby increasing the production cost. Therefore, the present embodiment controls C: 0.04-0.07%, N <160 ppm.
Si and Mn: the silicon element and the manganese element are indispensable alloy elements in steel, play roles of deoxidation and solid solution strengthening, and cannot effectively deoxidize molten steel when the content of the silicon element and the manganese element is lower than 0.1%, and the content of the silicon element and the manganese element is controlled to be 0.5-1% in the embodiment.
Cr: chromium is a stable element of ferrite, and chromium increases the electrode potential of the iron-based solid solution and absorbs electrons of iron to passivate the iron, so that the contradictory motion in stainless steel is promoted to be favorable for resisting corrosion damage. Chromium in an oxidizing medium can rapidly generate chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) The passive film enhances the corrosion resistance of the steel. In this example, the chromium content was controlled to 14.0-14.5%.
Ni: nickel can improve the room temperature mechanical properties such as strength and toughness of ferritic stainless steels and further improve the corrosion resistance of the steels in certain media. But it is a strong austenite forming element, and in order to ensure that the steel grade has a single ferrite structure and good mechanical properties, the content of Ni in the steel of the embodiment is 1.3-1.7%.
Ti is a common stabilizer in stainless steel, and can be combined with an interstitial element C, N in the steel to form stable TiN and TiC. TiN is used as a nucleation core, so that the equiaxial crystal rate can be improved, and the grain size of a finished product is ensured; TiC can inhibit depletion of Cr in grain boundary to prevent intergranular corrosion, and in addition, proper amounts of carbon and nitrogen elements in steel can refine ferrite weld seam structure and improve weldability of steel. The content of titanium is controlled to be 0.3-0.5% in the embodiment by comprehensively considering factors such as solid solution of titanium in an iron matrix and combination of titanium and other elements such as sulfur in steel.
Mo: the main function of the molybdenum is to promote the passivation of the iron-chromium alloy and improve the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. Molybdenum can improve the hardness and strength of the ferritic stainless steel and reduce the toughness in a solid solution strengthening mode. The content of molybdenum is obviously improved, which has adverse effects on the welding performance and cold-working formability of the steel, and the cost is increased, and the content of molybdenum is controlled to be 0.2-0.4% in the embodiment.
S, P sulphur and phosphorus are harmful elements in steel. Sulphur tends to form brittle sulphides in steel, reducing the strength and toughness of the steel, causing cracks in the steel during hot working, especially detrimental to the plasticity of the steel. Phosphorus causes hardening and increases the brittleness of the steel. Therefore, in order to avoid the harm of impurity elements to steel, the sulfur and phosphorus in the steel should be controlled at a lower level, and P is controlled to be less than 0.025% and S is controlled to be less than 0.002% in the embodiment.
Example 2.
The embodiment 2 discloses a food chain stainless steel, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.056 percent; si: 0.62 percent; mn: 0.61%; cr: 14.33 percent; ni: 1.45 percent; s: 0.0017%; p: 0.021%; ti: 0.38 percent; mo: 0.2 percent; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the chain stainless steel for food comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the electric furnace is prepared by taking waste steel and ferronickel as raw materials, foam slag is made and flows, slag is changed during smelting, the end point molten steel C is 1.7 percent, P is 0.013 percent, 100 percent of tapping is kept off slag;
the second step is that: in an AOD furnace, oxygen is blown from the side and the top of the furnace again for decarburization, argon is blown from the side in the whole process for denitrification, decarburization is carried out by stages, alloys such as high-carbon ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and the like are added in batches in the blowing process for alloying, and lime, fluorite and the like are added for slagging; adding ferrosilicon for reduction at the initial stage of reduction, adding an aluminum block for reduction at the later stage, and performing temperature measurement and sampling after reduction; the molten steel is desulfurized to 18ppm before tapping, and the tapping temperature is 1662 ℃;
the third step: electrifying the molten steel in an LF furnace, raising the temperature and melting the slag, adding an alloy according to the components fed into the furnace, adjusting the alloy to a target component, feeding a proper amount of calcium silicate wire after the components are adjusted in place, and then performing weak blowing treatment to promote the floating of inclusions; the molten steel before the continuous casting ladle comprises the following components: c: 0.056 percent; si: 0.62 percent; mn: 0.61%; cr: 14.33 percent; ni: 1.45 percent; mo: 0.2 percent; ti: 0.38 percent; s: 0.0017%; p: 0.021%;
the fourth step: the baking temperature of the tundish for continuous casting is 1100 ℃, and the baking time is more than 4 hours; the whole process of pouring is carried out without oxidation protection pouring, special covering slag is adopted, and the fluctuation of the liquid level of the crystallizer is within 2 mm;
the fifth step: when the continuous casting billet is hot-rolled, the soaking temperature of a heating furnace is 1240 ℃, the starting rolling temperature is 1165 ℃, the finishing rolling temperature is 940 ℃, and the rolling specification is 6 mm;
and a sixth step: and carrying out solution pickling at 920 ℃ to obtain the food chain stainless steel.
The stainless steel for food chain smelted by the said process has casting blank with T [ O ] of 18ppm, nitrogen of 113ppm and maximum size of non-metal inclusion of 16 microns. The surface of the casting blank has no defects of inclusion and air holes. The class B inclusion under the hot rolled coil with the specification of 6mm is 0.5 grade; the mechanical properties after solution pickling are as follows:
example 3.
The embodiment 3 discloses a food chain stainless steel, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.068 percent of C; si: 0.72 percent; mn: 0.66 percent; cr: 14.25 percent; ni: 1.40 percent; s: 0.0014%; p: 0.019%; ti: 0.36 percent; mo: 0.31 percent; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The preparation method of the chain stainless steel for food comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the electric furnace is prepared by using waste steel and ferronickel as raw materials, foam slag is produced and flows, slag is changed during smelting, the end point is that molten steel C is 2.03 percent, P is 0.010 percent, 100 percent of tapping is carried out, and slag is blocked;
the second step is that: in an AOD furnace, oxygen is blown from the side and the top of the furnace again for decarburization, argon is blown from the side in the whole process for denitrification, decarburization is carried out by stages, alloys such as high-carbon ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and the like are added in batches in the blowing process for alloying, and lime, fluorite and the like are added for slagging; adding ferrosilicon for reduction at the initial stage of reduction, adding an aluminum block for reduction at the later stage, and performing temperature measurement and sampling after reduction; desulfurizing molten steel to 16ppm before tapping, wherein the tapping temperature is 1652 ℃;
the third step: electrifying the molten steel in an LF furnace, raising the temperature and melting the slag, adding an alloy according to the components fed into the furnace, adjusting the alloy to a target component, feeding a proper amount of calcium silicate wire after the components are adjusted in place, and then performing weak blowing treatment to promote the floating of inclusions; the molten steel before the continuous casting ladle comprises the following components: 0.068 percent of C; si: 0.72 percent; mn: 0.66 percent; cr: 14.25 percent; ni: 1.40 percent; mo: 0.31 percent; ti: 0.36 percent; s: 0.0014%; p: 0.019%;
the fourth step: the baking temperature of the tundish for continuous casting is 1100 ℃, and the baking time is more than 4 hours; the whole process of pouring is carried out without oxidation protection pouring, special covering slag is adopted, and the fluctuation of the liquid level of the crystallizer is within 2 mm;
the fifth step: when the continuous casting billet is hot-rolled, the soaking temperature of a heating furnace is 1230 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1150-sand 1180 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 950 ℃, and the rolling specification is 5.5 mm;
and a sixth step: and carrying out solid solution pickling at 880 ℃ to obtain the food chain stainless steel.
The stainless steel for food chain smelted by this method has T [ O ] 13ppm, N97 ppm and maximum size of nonmetallic inclusion 18 μm. The surface of the casting blank has no defects of inclusion and air holes. The B-class inclusion of hot rolled coils with the specification of 5.5mm is 0 grade, and the mechanical properties of the hot rolled coils after solid solution and acid washing are as follows:
although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A stainless steel for a food chain, characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.04-0.07%; si: 0.5-1.0%; mn: 0.5-1.0%; cr: 14.0 to 14.5 percent; ni: 1.3-1.7%; s: < 0.002%; p: < 0.025%; ti: 0.3-0.5%; mo: 0.2-0.4%; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
2. The food chain stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: the food chain stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.056 percent; si: 0.62 percent; mn: 0.61%; cr: 14.33 percent; ni: 1.45 percent; s: 0.0017%; p: 0.021%; ti: 0.38 percent; mo: 0.2 percent; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
3. The food chain stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein: the food chain stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.068 percent of C; si: 0.72 percent; mn: 0.66 percent; cr: 14.25 percent; ni: 1.40 percent; s: 0.0014%; p: 0.019%; ti: 0.36 percent; mo: 0.31 percent; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
4. A method for producing the chain stainless steel for food according to claims 1 to 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the electric furnace takes waste steel and ferronickel as raw materials to carry out batching, foam slag is made and flows slag and slag is changed during smelting, the end point molten steel C is more than 1 percent, P is less than 0.02 percent, 100 percent of tapping is carried out, and slag is blocked;
the second step is that: in an AOD furnace, oxygen is blown from the side and the top of the furnace again for decarburization, argon is blown from the side in the whole process for denitrification, decarburization is carried out by stages, alloys such as high-carbon ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and the like are added in batches in the blowing process for alloying, and lime, fluorite and the like are added for slagging; adding ferrosilicon for reduction at the initial stage of reduction, adding aluminum blocks for reduction at the later stage, measuring temperature and sampling after reduction, and ensuring that molten steel is desulfurized to less than 20ppm before tapping and the tapping temperature is more than 1650 ℃;
the third step: electrifying the molten steel in an LF furnace, raising the temperature and melting the slag, adding an alloy according to the components fed into the furnace, adjusting the alloy to a target component, feeding a proper amount of calcium silicate wire after the components are adjusted in place, and then performing weak blowing treatment to promote the floating of inclusions;
the fourth step: the baking temperature of the tundish for continuous casting is 1100 ℃, and the baking time is more than 4 hours; the whole process of pouring is carried out without oxidation protection pouring, special covering slag is adopted, and the fluctuation of the liquid level of the crystallizer is within 2 mm;
the fifth step: when the continuous casting billet is hot rolled, the soaking temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1150-1180 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 930-960 ℃, and the rolling specification is 4-6 mm;
and a sixth step: the temperature is controlled within the range of 850-900 ℃ during solid solution pickling, and the food chain stainless steel is obtained after pickling.
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