CN101545078B - Nickel saving type metastable austenite stainless steel with excellent normal temperature mechanical property - Google Patents
Nickel saving type metastable austenite stainless steel with excellent normal temperature mechanical property Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a nickel saving type metastable austenite stainless steel with excellent normal temperature mechanical property. The stainless steel comprises the following chemical components by weight percentage: 0.06 to 0.15 percent of C, less than 1.00 percent of Si, 7.00 to 10.00 percent of Mn, 15.0 to 17.0 percent of Cr, 1.50 to 2.50 percent of Ni, 0.15 to 0.30 percent of N, less than 0.030 percent of P, less than 0.020 percent of s, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. In different states, the normal temperature yield strength of the raw material is 400 to 1,370 MPa, and the normal temperature tensile strength is 860 to 1,700 MPa, and the normal temperature expansion rate is 15 to 65 percent. The metastable austenite stainless steel of the invention is better than AISI304 in the normal temperature mechanical property, and has certain corrosion resistance, but the cost is obviously lower than that of the AISI304; the stainless steel can partially replace the AISI304 to be used in weak corrosive environments such as traffic, construction, hardware, and the like. The prepared precise strip steel can partially replace the metastable austenite stainless steel of the AISI301, AISI201, and the like which contains higher nickel, so that the precious metal nickel is saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to austenitic stainless steel, specifically, relate to a kind of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of excellent normal temperature mechanical property.
Background technology
Metastable austenite stainless steel be meant with AISI304, AISI301 and AISI201 be representative, at room temperature be single-phase austenite structure after the solution treatment, then producing strain-induced martensite or the martensitic stainless steel of temperature drop through processing or cooling.
Present domestic and international widely used austenitic stainless steel, with 300 be and 200 be main, austenitic stainless steel such as AISI304 and AISI201 for example, more nickel is contained in these austenite stainless steel capital, and the interpolation of a large amount of nickel has caused the raising of these austenitic stainless steel material cost.Because China lacks the few chromium of nickel, nickel, chromium resource scarcity, and also the intensity of most of austenitic stainless steels is on the low side, has also limited the range of application and the Sustainable development of these steel.
In field of Austenitic stainless steel, under different service conditions based on austenitic stainless steel, the mentality of designing of having nothing in common with each other for the room temperature strength that improves austenitic stainless steel.
Referring to table 1, therefrom as can be seen: traditional 200 is stainless steel, as AISI201, adopted nitrogen, manganese alloyage process for nickel, obviously reduced material cost, but as can be seen from Table 6, annealed state AISI201 metastable austenite stainless steel room temperature strength is compared with AISI304, under the suitable condition of unit elongation, the raising of room temperature strength is not obvious.
Other typical case 200 is a metastable austenite stainless steel, as J1, has also adopted nitrogen, manganese to reduce the alloyage process of nickel content for nickel, but its nickel content is 4.00～5.00wt.%, and contain copper in the steel, and annealed state room temperature unit elongation is 53.5% o'clock, its room temperature yield strength is lower than 400MPa; J4 has taked the alloyage process of further reduction nickel content, and its nickel content is 0.80～1.20wt.%, and contains copper in the steel, and annealed state room temperature unit elongation is 56.0% o'clock, and its room temperature yield strength also is lower than 400MPa.
Table 1 is the chemical ingredients and the feature thereof of metastable austenite stainless steel both at home and abroad
In the table 1, Japanese Patent JP54,038,217, JP52,024,914, Chinese patent CN1240839A, CN1704497A, CN1213013A have described a kind of chemical constitution of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel, but all contain copper in these chemical constitutions, the cupric stainless steel has the shortcoming that is difficult to recycling.
The chemical constitution of the disclosed austenitic stainless steel of Chinese patent CN1584098A is: carbon≤0.10%, silicon≤0.80%, manganese: 8.50～10.00%, nickel≤1.20%, chromium: 14.0～15.0%; Nitrogen≤0.20%, phosphorus≤0.050%, sulphur≤0.030%, surplus are iron, and the stainless steel chromium content of this invention is lower than 15.0%, and is unfavorable to stainless rustless property and solidity to corrosion, and contain copper among the embodiment.
Contain elements such as titanium, vanadium, niobium in the Japanese Patent JP2001131713 stainless steel, and nickel content is 4.00～10.00%, material cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of excellent normal temperature mechanical property, reduced nickel, cost economizes in raw materials, improved the intensity of austenitic stainless steel simultaneously, especially overcome the shortcoming that cupric stainless steel steel scrap is difficult to recycling, particularly it shows that the annealed state unit elongation is at 55～65% o'clock, and the room temperature yield strength is more than or equal to 400MPa.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is,
A kind of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of excellent normal temperature mechanical property, its chemical ingredients mass percent is: C:0.06～0.15%, Si＜1.00%, Mn:7.00～10.00%, Cr:15.0～17.0%, Ni:1.50～2.50%, N:0.10～0.30%, P＜0.030%, S＜0.020%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preferably, chemical ingredients mass percent of the present invention is: C:0.06～0.12%, Si＜1.00%, Mn:8.00～9.00%, Cr:15.0～16.0%, Ni:1.70～2.20%, N:0.15～0.20%, P＜0.030%, S＜0.020%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention at room temperature carries out for 50% following time of cold rolling, and described nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel annealed state room temperature unit elongation is 60% o'clock, and yield strength is greater than 400MPa.Roll hard attitude room temperature yield strength and reach 1370MPa, room temperature tensile strength reaches 1663MPa.
Particularly, in the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention:
C:0.06～0.15%, carbon are strong formation, the element of stablizing and enlarge the austenitic area, and in nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention, because nickel content is low, carbon plays an important role to forming austenite structure under the room temperature.Can reduce stainless plasticity but carbon is too high, and unfavorable to stainless solidity to corrosion, so carbon will have suitable percentage composition.
Ni:1.50～2.50%, the element of formation and stable austenite and expansion austenitic area.
Mn:7.00～10.00%, manganese are more weak austenite formers, but are intensive austenite structure stable element in stainless steel, and can improve the solubleness of nitrogen in steel.In nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel, element generation compound actions such as carbon, nitrogen in manganese and the steel replace nickel with part, and guarantee that stainless steel at room temperature is austenite structure.
Cr:15.0～17.0%, chromium is most important alloying element in the stainless steel, can guarantee that steel obtains rustless property and certain solidity to corrosion, the content range of chromium among the present invention, can guarantee that steel has good stainless corrosion-resistant, can guarantee that again steel is single-phase austenite structure under the room temperature.
N:0.10～0.30%, nitrogen in stainless steel be very intensive form, stable and enlarge the element of austenitic area.Nitrogen except substituting precious resource, outside nickel, and can obviously improve the intensity of material under not obvious reduction material plasticity and flexible prerequisite in stainless steel.Can also improve stainless rustless property and solidity to corrosion and delay carbide and separate out etc.But because the solubleness of nitrogen in stainless steel is limited, subsurface bubble appears in process of setting for fear of steel, nitrogen content determine must with other alloying element coordinative role, guaranteeing that nitrogen exists with solid solution condition, and guarantee that with other alloying element compound action stainless steel at room temperature is single-phase austenite structure.
Si:＜1.00%, silicon is to form ferritic alloying element in stainless steel, is single-phase austenite structure at room temperature in order to ensure stainless steel of the present invention therefore, silicone content must in addition certain restriction in the steel.
P:＜0.030%, phosphorus is regarded as harmful element in stainless steel, should control low more well more as far as possible.
S:S＜0.020%, sulphur also are regarded as harmful element in stainless steel.Especially in the present invention, manganese content height in the steel needs the strict content of controlling sulphur, and is low more good more.
The present invention seeks in order to save nickel, is austenite structure at room temperature in order to ensure stainless steel still, so carbon content must be greater than 0.06wt.% in the steel.In addition, satisfy meta requirement under the room temperature in order to ensure austenite structure under the room temperature and stability, manganese content must be in 7.00～10.00wt.%.Because cupric not in the stainless steel of the present invention causes stainless steel bad stability at room temperature, so nitrogen in steel content must be more than or equal to 0.15wt.%.Simultaneously guaranteed that according to the mentioned component adjustment stainless steel annealing attitude room temperature yield strength of the present invention is greater than 400MPa.
The present invention is with reference to stainless tissue and the normal graph of a relation of nickel chromium triangle under the revised Schaeffler room temperature.
The nickel equivalent calculation relational expression is:
Nieq＝(％Ni)+(％Co)+0.1×(％Mn)-0.01×(％Mn)
2+18×(％N)+30×(％C)
The chromium equivalent calculation relational expression is:
Creq＝(％Cr)+1.5×(％Mo)+1.5×(％W)+0.48×(％Si)+2.3×(％V)+1.75×(％Nb)+2.5×(％Al)
Ms＝1305-61.1×(％Ni)-41.7×(％Cr)-33.3×(％Mn)-27.8×(％Si)-1667×(％C+N％)
Md
30/50＝413-9.5×(％Ni)-13.7×(％Cr)-8.1×(％Mn)-9.2×(％Si)-462×(％C+N％)
The calculation result that the room temperature texture of alloy system of the present invention and temperature drop bring out Martensite temperature and strain-induced Martensite temperature as shown in Figure 7.Stainless steel of the present invention under the Schaeffler room temperature stainless tissue and nickel chromium triangle when the spirogram meta in the metastable austenite stainless steel interval.
As can be seen from Figure 7: the room temperature texture of metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention is positioned at A (austenite)+M (martensite) phase region, and tissue satisfies traditional metastable austenite stainless steel phase region.In addition, from Fig. 7 also as can be seen: the temperature drop of metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention brings out Martensite temperature (Ms) and is positioned at-450～-50 ℃, that is to say and satisfies the requirement that can not occur the temperature drop martensitic stucture under the normal temperature.
It can also be seen that from Fig. 7: stainless steel of the present invention 50% martensitic temperature Md occurs producing true strain 30%
30/50Be positioned at-80～20 ℃, that is to say at normal temperatures, external force effect such as that stainless steel of the present invention is subjected to is rolling, bump and when deforming, the meta austenite can be transformed into martensite, the strain-induced martensitic stucture just occurs, thereby improves the intensity of material.This also is to adopt composition system of the present invention, the reason place of stainless steel excellent normal temperature mechanical property of the present invention.
The metastable austenite stainless steel that the present invention designs is cast as steel billet through continuous casting or die casting after electric furnace, AOD, the smelting of vacuum oven three-step approach or electric furnace, AOD two-step smelting or electric furnace or the refining of non-vacuum induction furnace list; Again through forging or rolling, solution treatment (need be passed through solution treatment during test solid solution attitude mechanical property, do not need solution treatment when testing cold rolling attitude mechanical property), operation such as pickling makes stainless steel materials, band and bar etc., and tests its solid solution attitude room temperature texture and solid solution attitude normal temperature mechanical property and cold working attitude room temperature texture and mechanical property.
Above-mentioned operation is existing routine techniques, does not repeat them here.
With existing other typical case 200 be metastable austenite stainless steel, as J1, also adopted nitrogen, manganese to reduce the alloyage process of nickel content for nickel, but compare nickel content with the present invention and be higher than nickel content of the present invention, its nickel content is 4.00～5.00wt.%, and contain copper in the steel, and annealed state room temperature unit elongation is 53.5% o'clock, its room temperature yield strength is lower than 400MPa;
J4 has taked the alloyage process of further reduction nickel content, be lower than nickel content of the present invention but compare nickel content with the present invention, its nickel content is 0.80～1.20wt.%, and contains copper in the steel, annealed state room temperature unit elongation is 56.0% o'clock, and its room temperature yield strength also is lower than 400MPa.
In the table 1, Japanese Patent JP54,038,217, JP52,024,914, Chinese patent CN1240839A, CN1704497A, CN1213013A have described a kind of chemical constitution of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel, but all contain copper in these chemical constitutions, the present invention compares not cupric with it, has overcome the shortcoming that the cupric stainless steel is difficult to recycling.
Chromium content is lower than 15.0% in the disclosed austenitic stainless steel of Chinese patent CN1584098A, and is unfavorable to stainless rustless property and solidity to corrosion, and contain copper among the embodiment.
Contain elements such as titanium, vanadium, niobium in the Japanese Patent JP2001131713 stainless steel, and nickel content is 4.00～10.00%, nickel content is higher than the present invention, and material cost is higher.
Contain molybdenum and copper in the Japanese Patent JP2000063998 stainless steel, and silicone content 1.00～4.00% is higher than the present invention in the steel, manganese is lower than the present invention smaller or equal to 5.00%.The material cost of steel is higher.
The present invention has following advantage:
1) nickel content is low in the metastable austenite stainless steel steel of the present invention, has significantly reduced the material cost of austenitic stainless steel.
2) the present invention is 50% o'clock by solution strengthening and strain-induced Martensite Transformation schedule of reinforcement at the room temperature draught, can make the room temperature yield strength of steel reach 1370MPa, and tensile strength is up to 1663MPa, and unit elongation reaches 15% greater than 10%.
3) nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention is because cupric has not overcome the shortcoming that cupric stainless steel steel scrap is difficult to recycling.
4) normal temperature mechanical property of metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention is better than AISI304, and has certain solidity to corrosion, and cost is starkly lower than AISI304, can partly substitute AISI304 and be used in the weak erosive environment, uses as fields such as traffic, building and five metals.Make accurate band steel and also can partly substitute nickeliferous higher austenitic stainless steels such as AISI301 and AISI201, to save noble metal nickel.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the room temperature micro-organization chart of the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel produced of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is that cold roling reduction that the embodiment of the invention 3 is produced is the cold rolling attitude room temperature micro-organization chart of 50% nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel.
Fig. 3 is the cold rolling attitude room temperature tensile mechanical curves of the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel produced of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Fig. 4 is the cold rolling attitude room temperature tensile mechanical curves of AISI201 austenitic stainless steel.
Fig. 5 be the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel produced of the embodiment of the invention 1～4 room-temperature mechanical property relatively.
Fig. 6 be the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel produced of the embodiment of the invention 4 in neutral 3.5% sodium chloride solution, the pitting potential curve that adopts potentiodynamic technique to measure under the room temperature.
Fig. 7 is the room temperature texture of alloy system of the present invention and the Theoretical Calculation result of stabilization of austenite.
Embodiment
Below for a more detailed description to the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with embodiment.These embodiment only are the descriptions to best mode for carrying out the invention, scope of the present invention are not had any restriction.
Embodiment 1:
Take non-vacuum induction furnace list refining method smelting stainless steel, be molded into ingot, make the thick hot-rolled sheet of 3.00mm through forging, hot rolling.Solution annealing, treatment temp are 1000～1100 ℃.The hot rolling attitude and the hot rolling solution annealing attitude room-temperature mechanical property of test gained nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel, its room-temperature mechanical property is as shown in table 1.The chemical ingredients of the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of present embodiment sees Table 5.
The room temperature microtexture of the austenitic stainless steel of present embodiment is seen Fig. 1, and as can be seen from Figure 1: this stainless steel is single-phase austenite structure, and more contraction crystalline substance is arranged.
Table 1 hot rolling attitude and hot-roll annealing attitude sheet material room temperature tensile performance
| The hot-roll annealing attitude | 395.0～ 420.0 | 406.7 | 855.0～875.0 | 863.3 | 55.5～58.0 | 56.8 |
Embodiment 2:
Take electric arc furnace and AOD two-step approach smelting stainless steel, continuous casting becomes slab, and the thick hot-rolled sheet of 3.00mm is made in hot rolling.Through process annealing, draught be 50% cold rolling.The cold rolling solution annealing attitude of test gained nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel room-temperature mechanical property, its room-temperature mechanical property is as shown in table 2.The chemical ingredients of the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of present embodiment sees Table 5.
The cold rolling solution annealing attitude of table 2 sheet material room temperature tensile performance
Embodiment 3:
Take electric arc furnace list refining method smelting stainless steel, continuous casting becomes slab, and the thick hot-rolled sheet of 3.00mm is made in hot rolling.Through process annealing, respectively according to draught be 3.62%, 7.75%, 11.89%, 18.00%, 21.00%, 50.00% carry out cold rolling.The cold rolling attitude room-temperature mechanical property of test gained nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel, its room-temperature mechanical property is as shown in table 3, and its room temperature tensile mechanical curves is seen Fig. 3.The chemical ingredients of the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of present embodiment sees Table 5.
The austenitic stainless steel of present embodiment at room temperature carry out 50% cold rolling after, its cold rolling attitude microtexture is seen Fig. 2, as can be seen from Figure 2: after at room temperature metastable austenite stainless steel being carried out 50% cold rolling down, steel analysis of lath martensite volume fraction is 20%.
The cold rolling attitude sheet material mechanical property of the different draught of table 3
| 11.89 | ?940.0～960.0 | 950.0 | ?1240.0～1330.0 | ?1290.0 | ?23.0～27.5 | 25.3 |
| 18.00 | ?920.0～985.0 | 960.0 | ?1270.0～1340.0 | ?1296.7 | ?24.5～29.0 | 26.2 |
| 21.00 | ?1030.0～1080.0 | 1055.0 | ?1330.0～1420.0 | ?1380.0 | ?22.5～27.0 | 24.0 |
| 30.00 | ?1180.0～1310.0 | 1253.3 | ?1550.0～1650.0 | ?1603.3 | ?17.0～19.0 | 18.2 |
| 50.00 | ?1350.0～1390.0 | 1370.0 | ?1650.0～1670.0 | ?1663.3 | ?13.5～17.0 | 15.0 |
Embodiment 4:
Take electric furnace, AOD, vacuum oven three-step approach smelting stainless steel, continuous casting becomes slab, and the thick hot-rolled sheet of 3.00mm is made in hot rolling.Through process annealing for the first time, pickling, cold roling reduction is 50% for the first time, process annealing for the second time, pickling, cold roling reduction 30% for the second time.Test cold rolling attitude of gained nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel and cold rolling finished product solution annealing attitude room-temperature mechanical property.Its room-temperature mechanical property is as shown in table 4.The chemical ingredients of the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of present embodiment sees Table 5.
Table 4 through twice cold rolling and process annealing after cold rolling attitude and cold rolled annealed attitude sheet material room temperature tensile performance
Table 5 unit: wt%
| Embodiment | C | Mn | Cr | Ni | Si | N | | S | Fe | |
| 1 | 0.11 | 8.30 | 15.22 | 1.70 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.014 | 0.002 | Surplus |
| 2 | 0.10 | 8.35 | 15.45 | 1.80 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.015 | 0.003 | |
| 3 | 0.09 | 8.50 | 15.40 | 1.91 | 0.28 | 0.20 | 0.016 | 0.003 | Surplus |
| 4 | 0.07 | 8.26 | 15.20 | 2.10 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.013 | 0.002 | |
| 5 | 0.06 | 10.00 | 17.00 | 2.50 | 0.56 | 0.15 | 0.020 | 0.003 | Surplus |
| 6 | 0.12 | 7.00 | 16.00 | 2.20 | 0.45 | 0.22 | 0.022 | 0.004 | |
| 7 | 0.15 | 9.00 | 16.50 | 1.50 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.024 | 0.005 | Surplus |
From table 2, table 3 and table 4 as can be seen, nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention is after 50% draught is cold rolling, and its cold working attitude room temperature yield strength can be up to more than the 1350MPa, and tensile strength can be up to more than the 1650MPa, and unit elongation is about 15%.Its cold rolling solution annealing attitude room temperature yield strength reaches more than the 400MPa, and tensile strength reaches more than the 900MPa, and unit elongation has high strength and good plasticity up to about 60%.
The normal temperature mechanical property of the cold rolling solution annealing attitude of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel measured among the embodiment of the invention 2 and the embodiment 4 and the cold rolling solution annealing attitude normal temperature mechanical property of other typical metastable austenite stainless steel are contrasted, and comparative result sees Table 6.
Table 6 embodiment 2 and embodiment 4 and other typical metastable austenite stainless steel
Cold rolling solution annealing attitude normal temperature mechanical property contrast
As can be seen from Table 6: under the suitable prerequisite of room temperature unit elongation, the cold rolling solid solution attitude room temperature yield strength Rp0.2 of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention and tensile strength Rm have good normal temperature mechanical property apparently higher than the cold rolling solution annealing attitude of AISI304 room temperature strength.
Cold rolling attitude room temperature tensile mechanical curves Fig. 3 of the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of gained in the embodiment of the invention 3 and cold rolling attitude room temperature tensile mechanical curves Fig. 4 of AISI201 austenitic stainless steel are contrasted.
Therefrom as can be seen: along with the increase of draught, the intensity of steel increases thereupon, and unit elongation reduces gradually.But under the suitable prerequisite of unit elongation, the intensity of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention is higher.The particularly important is, when room temperature tensile strength reached the 1650MPa level, the unit elongation of AISI201 was less than 10%, and the unit elongation of nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention is greater than 10%, up to 15%.This just shows that metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention is more suitable in the application in superstrength field.
Fig. 6 be the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of excellent normal temperature mechanical property of the present invention in neutral 3.5% sodium chloride solution, the pitting potential curve (GB/T17899-1999) that adopts potentiodynamic technique to measure under the room temperature, its E '
B10And E '
B100Be respectively 210mv and 240mv, show that nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention has certain solidity to corrosion.
In sum, nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of the present invention has improved the intensity of austenitic stainless steel when reducing nickel; And, because cupric not in the composition also overcomes the shortcoming that cupric stainless steel steel scrap is difficult to recycling; Particularly it is 55～65% o'clock at the annealed state unit elongation, and the room temperature yield strength is more than or equal to 400MPa; Normal temperature mechanical property is better than AISI304, and has certain solidity to corrosion, and cost is starkly lower than AISI304, can partly substitute AISI304 and be used in the weak erosive environment, uses as fields such as traffic, building and five metals.Make accurate band steel and also can partly substitute nickeliferous higher austenitic stainless steels such as AISI301 and AISI201, to save noble metal nickel.
Claims (2)
1. the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of an excellent normal temperature mechanical property, its chemical ingredients mass percent is: C:0.06～0.15%, Si＜1.00%, Mn:8.26～10.00%, Cr:15.0～17.0%, Ni:1.50～2.50%, N:0.10～0.30%, P＜0.030%, S＜0.020%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. the nickel-saving type metastable austenite stainless steel of excellent normal temperature mechanical property as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, its chemical ingredients mass percent is preferably: C:0.06～0.12%, Si＜1.00%, Mn:8.26～9.00%, Cr:15.0～16.0%, Ni:1.70～2.20%, N:0.15～0.20%, P＜0.030%, S＜0.020%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.
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| CN102168230B (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2013-05-22 | 北京科技大学 | 304 substituting nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1240839A (en) * | 1998-07-02 | 2000-01-12 | 尤吉纳股份有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant low-nickel austenitic stainless steel |
| CN1550566A (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-12-01 | 日矿金属加工株式会社 | Metastable austenite series stainless steel band with excellent fatigue characteristics |
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| JP特开2005-298932A 2005.10.27 |
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