Background technology
When stainless steel is applied in while relating to structural part position, as rail vehicle, strengthen, with structural part and panel etc., not only requiring good erosion resistance, also to there is higher intensity and certain workability.At present, this field generally adopts through the austenite 304 of cold hardening and 301L stainless steel, the Ni that above-mentioned stainless steel contains 6-8%, and price is higher, and after the intensity of cold hardening raising is being heated (as welding process), can reduce, the deficiency of this two aspect has limited its application.
Traditional Austenite and ferriteaustenite double phases of stainless steel generally contains higher alloy content, and cost is higher.
Though Martensite Stainless Steel has higher intensity, the poor ductility of stainless steel sheet strip, has the problem that processing characteristics significantly worsens.
Ferritic stainless steel has good ductility, and not containing Ni, cost is lower, but has the problem that intensity is low.As the method that improves ferrite stainless steel band strength, attempted carrying out the cold roller and deformed intensity that improves, but by this method owing to being utilize to import the distortion that rolling causes to improve intensity, so ductility is low, there is sometimes the situation of cracking, in addition, similar to austenite cold hardening, this intensity can reduce after heated.
Existing ferritic stainless steel is as follows:
1. Chinese patent CN85106667 discloses a kind of ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel (each 50%) of excellent corrosion resistance, higher intensity and good plasticity have been obtained, alloy content is relatively low simultaneously, but Ni, Mo content expensive in the composition system of this patent are higher, and due to added Al and Re to steel-making with very large difficulty, from manufacturing process, product relates generally to heat and moves back industrial plate in addition.
2. the composition system of Chinese patent CN95116438.4 is the austenite-ferrite duplex stainless steel of high alloy content, this alloy has good intensity and toughness, special fine corrosion resistance, can be applied in seawater field, the type steel grade has obtained development in an all-round way at present, but because its alloy content is higher, production difficulty is larger, cost is higher, does not belong to economical steel grade.
3. Chinese patent CN1869271A has provided a kind of low chromium (9-13%) ferritic stainless steel by combination S i, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Co, W and Fe, but contain higher alloy content as the Mo of 2.5-4.5% and the Ni of 4-7% simultaneously, the Co that particularly contains 7-13%, very rare in conventional ferritic stainless steel.
4. Chinese patent CN101135028A adds a certain amount of Mn(≤1.5% on the basis of low chrome ferritic stainless steel (10.5-12.5%Cr)), and add a small amount of Ni(0.3-1.0%) and Nb(≤0.6%), after bell furnace heat-treatment of annealing, reach the yield strength of 480-520MPa, but this patent is mainly hot-rolled stainless steel strip, thickness range is mainly 3.0-10.0mm.
5. Chinese patent CN1550565A is by adopting cooling method fast, obtain a certain proportion of quenched martensite (more than 20%), by martensitic stucture structure, improve stainless intensity, intensity can reach 700MPa, but because quenched martensite is hard crisp phase, making the plasticity of this alloy bad, is only 10% left and right.
6. Chinese patent CN101748339A has provided in one ultrapure containing Nb, Ti ferritic stainless steel, lower C China+N content and Nb, Ti bistable have guaranteed the corrosion resistance nature of alloy, lower alloy content has guaranteed that it is economical, but it is to connect and to step back the secondary cold-rolling of introducing gross distortion rate (>45%) and improve its intensity at cold drawing that this patent is put forward high-intensity method, principle is similar to flow harden, so its plasticity is too poor, be only below 5%.
Along with the development of VOD smelting technology, the ultrapure stainless smelting of low-carbon and nitrogen content is not a problem, has greatly improved the corrosion resistance nature of low Chromium Stainless Steel, has expanded its Application Areas.In addition, the carbon nitrogen element in stainless steel can be further stablized in the interpolation of the stabilizing elements such as Nb, Ti, V, has further improved again stainless corrosion resistance nature.As for improving stainless intensity, in patent documentation noted earlier, also related to Part Methods, as cold working (distortion) sclerosis, second-phase (martensite) strengthening, only there is application limitations separately.In addition to the above methods, the measures such as solution strengthening, refined crystalline strengthening, dislocations strengthening, or the stack of several measures use, be all also the effective measure that improve stainless steel intensity.From the angle that improves intensity, saves material, reduces costs, we also need to meet the novel stainless steel that intensity, plasticity, erosion resistance, economy etc. require simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-strength stainless steel cold rolled sheet and manufacture method thereof, yield strength>=400MPa, the tensile strength>=600MPa of the stainless-steel cold-rolling strip of acquisition; Also there is good plasticity, unit elongation>=16%; There is good erosion resistance simultaneously, by GB/T 17899-1999 and GB/T 17897-1999, record pitting attack current potential>=150mV, erosion rate≤9g/m
2.h.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of high-strength stainless steel cold rolled sheet, its chemical component weight per-cent is: C≤0.02%, Si 0.3 ~ 1.5%, and Mn 0.5 ~ 1.75%, and Mo 0.5 ~ 2.0%, Cr 13.0 ~ 16.0%, Ni 1.0 ~ 3.0%, N≤0.015%, Nb+Ti 6 (C+N) ~ 0.5%, C+N≤0.03%, all the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Further, Cr equivalent/Ni equivalence ratio is 4.25 ~ 6.20, wherein, Cr equivalent=Cr+1.5Mo+1.5Si+1.5Ti+1.75Nb, Ni equivalent=Ni+30(C+N)+0.5Mn.
In Composition Design of the present invention:
C is a kind of interstitial element, can significantly improve the intensity of steel by solution strengthening, but surpass 0.02% content, can make ductility decline, and also can be combined with chromium and form the Cr of Gao Ge
23c
6type carbide, declines the solidity to corrosion of steel; Reduce C content and also can reduce the amount of stabilizing element Ti and Nb, be conducive to improve surface quality; Steel grade of the present invention belongs to ultrapure stainless steel, and C+N overall control is below 0.03%, and C is controlled at below 0.02% or still less.
Si: be the reductor in steelmaking process, essential, but be simultaneously also the element of gaining in strength, content is remarkable in 0.05% effect when above, can make steel plate harden, the plasticity of loss material but content surpasses 1.5%; Si can also delay that σ etc. is harmful to separate out mutually, improves the solidity to corrosion of steel; Also be ferrite former, for guaranteeing that hot rolling is in single-phase austenitic area, content is controlled at below 1.5% simultaneously;
Mn: be austenite former, cost is low, from alternative Ni, form austenitic angle and wish that Mn content is more high better, but Mn is partial to the austenitic formation of low temperature, too high Mn can make austenitic initial formation temperature reduce, for hot rolling solution treatment is carried out in single-phase ferrite area, avoid the formation of quenched martensite, also part substitutes Ni simultaneously, avoids the too high coarse grains that causes of solid solubility temperature, and Mn content is controlled at 0.5 ~ 1.75%.
Mo: strongly improve the element of erosion resistance, improve especially the ability of resistance to pitting attack germinating, but too high Mo content (more than 2%), because erosion resistance reaches capacity, processing characteristics can be unfavorable on the contrary, the expectation effect that matches with content can not be obtained, so content is controlled at 0.5 ~ 2.0%.
Cr: ferrite former, dwindles austenitic area; The erosion resistance of Cr principal security alloy, content more high corrosion resistance is better, but too highly needs the austenite formers that match more, affects cost of alloy, simultaneously Cr content reach a certain amount of after, then erosion resistance increase rate also can reduce while improving its content; For guaranteeing enough corrosion resistance natures, Cr content can not be lower than 13.0%; Take into account economic factors, make the maximum effect of alloy, Cr content is controlled at 13.0 ~ 16.0%.
Ni: austenite former, contribute to the performance of the corrosion-resistant effect of Cr, the interpolation of Ni simultaneously can also improve plasticity and the toughness of ferritic stainless steel; Amount can play the effect of solution strengthening when few, measures when many and also can form precipitate with other element, plays the effect of ageing strengthening; Expensive alloying element, overall control is 1.0 ~ 3.0%.
N: the same with C is all austenite former, expands austenitic area; Amount contributes to improve corrosion resistance nature when few, play solution strengthening effect; Reach a certain amount of and can cause precipitate, reduce erosion resistance and worsen material plasticity; Steel grade of the present invention belongs to ultrapure stainless steel, and C+N overall control is below 0.03%, and N is controlled at below 0.015% or still less.
Ti and Nb: stabilizing element, thus be to be mainly combined with C, N to prevent that the C of Cr, the formation of N compound from causing PinCr district to reduce erosion resistance; Ti is mainly combined with N, and Nb is mainly combined with C, and it also can have influence on the surface quality of steel as inclusion, simultaneously because Ti is oxidizable in adition process, can bring certain difficulty to steel-making; Fully playing on the basis of solidification, bringing very large impact to steel-making and quality in kind, Nb+Ti content is controlled at 6 (C+N) ~ 0.5%.
Stainless erosion resistance depends primarily on Cr content, documents and materials and result of study show that Cr content is in 0 ~ 13% scope, the erosion resistance of alloy is larger with the increase increase rate of Cr content, after Cr content surpasses 16%, erosion resistance is less with the increase increase rate of Cr content, the present invention takes into account erosion resistance and economy is controlled Cr content in 13 ~ 16% scopes, that has avoided that in background technology, in existing patent 3 ~ 6, low Cr content brings is corrosion-resistant poor, and that has also avoided that in existing patent 2, high alloy content brings simultaneously is expensive;
Mo can significantly improve the resistance to pitting attack performance of alloy, but be also expensive element, after corrosion resistance nature reaches capacity simultaneously, too high Mo content also can affect mechanics and the processing characteristics of alloy, the present invention controls 0.5 ~ 2.0% Mo, compare and improved resistance to pitting attack performance with existing patent 4,6, compare and saved cost of alloy with existing patent 1 ~ 3, avoided the waste of expensive element; For obtaining higher intensity, the present invention will make full use of phase transformation strengthening, refined crystalline strengthening, solution strengthening and second-phase strengthening etc., therefore after having determined main ferrite former content, the present invention also will provide the austenite former content matching with it, as C, N, Mn, Ni; Ni is main austenite former, but cost is higher, Mn can form austenite by Substitute For Partial Ni, the interpolation of Mn simultaneously also contributes to improve alloy strength, but too high Mn not only affects corrosion resistance nature, also do not utilize and obtain good complete processing, therefore control under Mn content and be limited to 0.5%, improve intensity, substitute expensive Ni, upper control limit is 1.75% simultaneously, avoid worsening corrosion resistant performance, obtaining feasible complete processing, and existing patent is not controlled the lower limit of Mn or do not add Mn; Ni content lower limit is correspondingly controlled at 1%, and the upper limit is controlled at 3%, and that has avoided that Ni content higher in existing patent 1 ~ 3 brings is expensive, also can containing quantity not sufficient, not cause undercapacity because of Ni in existing patent 4 ~ 6 simultaneously; C, N aspect, the present invention controls ultralow C, N level, adds stabilizing element Nb and Ti to obtain good corrosion resistance nature simultaneously; Meanwhile, the present invention has avoided the interpolation of too high Al, Re and Ti content in existing patent 1,2, and these too high elements can affect the feasibility of process for making in manufacturing processed, has also avoided the interpolation of unconventional element W and Co in existing patent 3.
The content proportioning of the conventional element of Comprehensive Control of the present invention, particularly ferrite former Cr equivalent (Cr equivalent=Cr+1.5Mo+1.5Si+1.5Ti+1.75Nb) and austenite former Ni equivalent (Ni equivalent=Ni+30(C+N)+0.5Mn) ratio in 4.25-6.20 scope, take into account economy, erosion resistance and manufacturability, comprehensive utilization phase transformation strengthening, refined crystalline strengthening, solution strengthening and second-phase strengthening.
The manufacture method of high-strength stainless steel cold rolled sheet of the present invention, it comprises the steps:
1) smelt, cast
Adopt electric furnace-AOD-VOD Triplex Refining, and in vacuum refining furnace, add Nb, Ti stabilizing element, obtain meeting the stainless molten steel of above-mentioned composition requirement, and it is as far as possible low to control the content of S, P, O; Adopt continuous pouring method to control slab thickness at 200mm ± 10mm, with the compression ratio that guarantees that hot rolling is enough;
2) hot rolling
Heating of plate blank, 1000 ℃ ~ 1150 ℃ of Heating temperatures, press slab thickness heat-up time, and 1min/mm ~ 2min/mm guarantees that the tissue after heating be take austenite as main; The roughing horizontal high voltage water dephosphorization of going forward side by side, then completes finish rolling in more than 900 ℃ temperature, guarantees that rolling is in take single-phase austenite as main phase region; Batch, air cooling, obtain the hot-rolled sheet coil that thickness is 4.0 ~ 6.0mm;
3) annealing
Hot-rolled sheet coil is put into after bell furnace is warming up to 620 ℃ ~ 730 ℃ with stove and is incubated 6h ~ 8h, with stove, be chilled to 400 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove below, adopt subsequently continuous pickling groove scale removal;
Annealing process is decomposed martensite and is transformed into ferrite; Unannealed martensite intensity is too high, plasticity is poor, is unfavorable for follow-up cold rollingly, and for avoiding it to produce, annealing temperature can not enter austenitic area, and temperature is too low is also unfavorable for the release of marstressing and the reduction of intensity;
4) cold rolling
Continuous cold rolling, draft more than 60%, obtains the cold rolling coil of 1.0 ~ 2.0mm; Higher draft contributes to crystal grain thinning, with this, obtains high strength;
5) annealing, pickling, smooth
By cold rolling coil, in 720 ℃ ~ 780 ℃ continuous annealings, pickling, annealing time is controlled at 2 ~ 5min, then to be less than 3% draft, carries out smooth; The cold temperature of moving back is controlled at a little higher than A1(austenitic formation temperature), impel the Quick-return of deformed microstructure; Short period of time is controlled phase transformation and grain growth, makes the last very tiny ferrite that is organized as.
Preferably, cold rolling draft is more than 70%.
Finally can obtain in the manner described above thickness at the high-strength economical stainless-steel cold-rolling annealed sheet of 1.0 ~ 2.0mm scope, yield strength>=400MPa, tensile strength>=600MPa; This material also has good plasticity, unit elongation>=16%; There is good erosion resistance simultaneously, by GB/T17899-1999 and GB/T 17897-1999, record pitting attack current potential>=150mV, erosion rate≤9g/m
2.h.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
At present, in the lower economical stainless-steel cold-rolling annealed sheet of alloy content, the yield strength of ferrite, austenitic stainless steel is limited to below 300MPa, tensile strength is limited to below 500MPa, though Martensite Stainless Steel has higher intensity, plasticity is bad, there is no intensity and is greater than 400MPa, unit elongation is not less than 16%, has the economical stainless-steel cold-rolling annealed sheet of good corrosion resistance and the report of manufacture method thereof simultaneously.
The present invention is by the optimization design of alloy ingredient proportioning and suitable process for machining and manufacturing, control phase transformation, structural state, the measures such as comprehensive utilization phase transformation strengthening, refined crystalline strengthening, solution strengthening, second-phase strengthening, when controlling C+N level, add stable element, fixation of C, N element, the erosion resistance of raising material.By hot rolling, cover annealing, heat, move back pickling, cold rolling, continuous annealing pickling, can obtain thickness at the high-strength economical stainless-steel cold-rolling annealed sheet of 1.0 ~ 2.0mm scope, yield strength >=400MPa, tensile strength >=600MPa, unit elongation is not less than 16%, and erosion resistance is good simultaneously.
The more existing steel grade of the present invention, has not only improved intensity, and has saved alloy, has reduced cost, has good development prospect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Table 1 is the chemical composition of embodiment and comparative example; Table 2 is the complete processing in embodiment and each stage of comparative example; Table 3 is mechanical property and the corrosion resistance nature of embodiment and comparative example; Wherein, embodiment mechanics shape can be tested as longitudinally getting tension specimen and being processed into JIS13B standard test specimen; Corrosion resistance nature is undertaken by GB/T 17899-1999 and GB/T 17897-1999.
Embodiment 1
With electric furnace-AOD-VOD Triplex Refining, its chemical composition per-cent is: C 0.014%, and Si 0.97%, and Mn 1.48%, and Mo 0.82%, and Cr 14.46%, and Ni 1.35%, and N 0.01%, and Nb 0.12%, and Ti 0.13%, and all the other are Fe; In vacuum refining furnace, add stabilizing element Nb, Ti, control S, P, its impurity content of O is as far as possible low, continuous casting becomes the strand of 200mm;
Strand is heated to 1050 ℃, and insulation time enough makes its soaking, dephosphorize by high pressure water after roughing, and then 7 passage hot rollings are thick to 5mm, and 930 ℃ of finishing temperatures, obtain hot rolled coil;
Hot rolled coil is vertically placed in bell type annealing furnace internal casing to (minute inside and outside cover), is incubated 7h after being heated to 650 ℃ with stove, remove outer cover, with stove, be as cold as 400 ℃ and can remove inner cover air cooling after following;
After air cooling, annealing is twisted in to pickling scale removal on continuous pickling groove;
Heat is moved back to pickling volume and be further cold-rolled to 1.5mm, then, 730 ℃ of continuous annealings, annealing time is controlled at 2.5min;
By cold debatching pickling, 2% the draught of then take is smooth is finished product volume.
The present invention rationally controls the proportioning of austenite former and ferrite former on Composition Design, in technique, control thermal treatment temp and time, make the crystal grain thinning in phase transition process that is organized in of steel, and inhibiting grain growth, the production board tissue obtaining is shown in Fig. 1.
The yield strength of cold rolled annealed plate is 431MPa, and tensile strength is 654MPa, and unit elongation A50 is 17.5%; Pitting attack current potential is 163.7mV, and immersion corrosion speed is 7.14g/m
2.h.
Manufacture and the evaluation procedure of embodiment 2~6 are similar to Example 1.
Table 1 embodiment chemical composition (weight ratio %, all the other Fe)
The complete processing in each stage of table 2 embodiment
The stainless mechanical property of table 3 embodiment
From above-mentioned data, can find out, under the prerequisite that guarantees good erosion resistance, (pitting attack current potential is greater than 150mV, and corrosion weight loss speed is less than 9g/m in the present invention
2.h), control lower alloy content, saved cost, guaranteed the economy of alloy; By controlling suitable alloy proportion (Cr equivalent/Ni equivalent=4.25 ~ 6.20), and coupling is with appropriate processing and thermal treatment process, thereby control phase transformation and structural state, making the last cold plate that moves back of alloy is very tiny ferrite, guaranteed that alloy has higher intensity (yield strength is greater than 400MPa, and tensile strength is greater than 600MPa) and good plasticity (unit elongation is greater than 16%); More existing steel grade, has good development prospect.