CN102589721B - Method for probing ion clock transition of optical frequency standard based on microprocessor - Google Patents
Method for probing ion clock transition of optical frequency standard based on microprocessor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102589721B CN102589721B CN 201110385055 CN201110385055A CN102589721B CN 102589721 B CN102589721 B CN 102589721B CN 201110385055 CN201110385055 CN 201110385055 CN 201110385055 A CN201110385055 A CN 201110385055A CN 102589721 B CN102589721 B CN 102589721B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for probing ion clock transition of an optical frequency standard based on a microprocessor. The method includes utilizing a photomultiplier to transform ion fluorescence optical signals probed and produced in an ion trap system into electric pulses, amplifying electric pulse signals, inputting the electric pulse signals to the microprocessor, storing the receivedelectric pulse signals in the microprocessor, accumulating the electric pulse signals in unit time and forming accumulated voltage signals; when the voltage signals are higher than set values, the ion fluorescence count is high and the microprocessor count overflows, accordingly a 'bright state' is recorded; when the voltage signals are lower than set values, the ion fluorescence count is low andthe microprocessor count is without overflowing, accordingly a 'dark state' is recorded. The method for probing ion clock transition of the optical frequency standard based on the microprocessor is low in cost, simple and practical and applicable for the fields of optical frequency standards, quantum optics and quantum information and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fluorescence detection system, more specifically relate to opctical frequency standard ion clock transition detection system.
Background technology
Atomic frequency standard standard (being called for short atomic frequency standard or atomic clock) is that the high stability and pin-point accuracy time, the frequency signal that utilize principle of quantum mechanics to make produce system.Because the reference transition that the atom opctical frequency standard adopts is in optical frequencies, exceed 4-5 magnitude than traditional microwave frequency marking is selected with reference to jump frequency, if its corresponding optical region is identical with the frequency marking that is operated in microwave region with reference to the live width Δ v of spectral line, (=vr/ Δ v) is worth then for several ten thousand times of the microwave frequency marking, foretells theoretically that namely the degree of stability of opctical frequency standard and accuracy exceed 4-5 magnitude than microwave frequency marking to be used for the Q of frequency stabilization spectral line so.The foundation of atom opctical frequency standard, can be used for checking physics basic theories and law, accurately measure physical constant and possible variation, and will further improve the International System of Units system, obtain the unify Satellite Communication System of broader applications of global positioning system more accurately, be widely used in the national economy every field.
In the ionic light frequency marking, the fluorescence number that people utilize ion to send is judged the residing atomic state of ion.In order to eliminate the Doppler frequency displacement of ion clock transition spectral line, adopt the method for laser cooling with the movement velocity reduction of ion usually.Laser cooling is adopted is transition between ion ground state I and the excited state II.Ion can spontaneous radiation be got back to ground state by laser A pumping after last energy level, send fluorescence simultaneously.The excited state II life-span is short, can send 106-108 photon p.s..And the transition from ground state I to metastable state III is chosen in the clock transition.Because the life-span of metastable state III is long, be generally about 1s, therefore, ion is arrived after this attitude by pumping, and the fluorescence number that sends p.s. is almost 0.In the detection of opctical frequency standard clock transition spectral line, adopt the method for pulse sequence to inquire after.At first adopting the very narrow clock transition of a branch of live width to survey the clock transition of light B spectral line inquires after.The fluorescence that sends of detect ion is surveyed light B and turn off this moment afterwards, and cooling light A opens.If to metastable state III, then the fluorescence number that detects of photomultiplier is almost 0 to ion, claims ion to be in " dark attitude ", also claims ion that " quantum jump " taken place by pumping.Otherwise ion can circulate between ground state I and excited state II under the pumping of cooling light A, and height is counted in ion fluorescence, claims that ion is in " bright attitude ", does not also namely take place " quantum jump ".To survey light B afterwards again and open, whether detect ion " quantum jump " taken place so again and again.The fixing light B that surveys can obtain " quantum jump " number under this frequency at the pulse number of each frequency.The frequency of scanning probe light B afterwards, can obtain obtaining the transition probability of clock transition spectral line according to " quantum jump " number under the different frequency, thereby can obtain the absorption line of ion transition, utilize femtosecond light comb to measure afterwards and survey light B in " quantum jump " frequency the most for a long time, get final product the clock transition centre frequency of ion.In the classic method, for the detection of ion fluorescence, adopt photon counter that the number of electric pulse is counted (also being photon counting), utilize discriminator that the threshold value of photon counter is set simultaneously.Photon counter can provide the occurrence of photon number.
Above-mentioned employing photon counter is realized the detection to ion fluorescence, because photon counter is expensive, so the cost height.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cost low, method is simply inquired after method based on the opctical frequency standard ion clock transition of microprocessor, to address the above problem.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: method is inquired after in the opctical frequency standard ion clock transition based on microprocessor, be to utilize photomultiplier that the ion fluorescence light signal that produces in the ion trap systems that detects is become after the electric pulse, after again electric impulse signal being amplified, be input to microprocessor, microprocessor is stored the electric impulse signal that receives, in the unit interval, electric impulse signal is accumulated, the voltage signal that formation adds up, when described voltage signal is higher than setting value, the ion fluorescence counting is high, microprocessor count is overflowed, and be " bright attitude " this moment; Ion when described voltage signal is lower than setting value, the fluorescence counting is low, and microprocessor count is not overflowed, and be " dark attitude " this moment.
Before the voltage signal counting that microprocessor is adding up, utilize amplitude discriminator that the pulse that microprocessor receives is separated, realize separating of electronic impulse and noise spike.
Described microprocessor will output signal to computing machine, by the control of computer-implemented clock transition exploring laser light and ion cooling laser.
Described microprocessor is single-chip microcomputer.
The present invention is based on the height that only need know the fluorescence counting, and be indifferent to the occurrence of photofluorometer number, adopt simple microprocessor just can realize that transition is inquired after to opctical frequency standard ion clock, its cost is low, and method is simple.Can be used for fields such as opctical frequency standard, quantum optics and quantum information.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 ionic light frequency marking fluorescence detection system schematic.
Fig. 2 opctical frequency standard selected atom energy level diagram.
Fig. 3 the inventive method program flow diagram.
Fig. 4 laser pulse sequential synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, system's intermediate ion trap system 100 is for generation of the fluorescence ion, photomultiplier 200 is used for converting the light signal of fluorescence ion to electric impulse signal, prime amplifier 300 is used for electric impulse signal is amplified, microprocessor 400 is realized the accumulative total of electric impulse signal in the unit interval, judge that relatively discriminator 500 is used for the output signal of prime amplifier 300 is separated, and namely realizes separating of electric pulse and noise spike; The signal that assurance is input to microprocessor 400 has only electric impulse signal, realizes accumulative total and the precision of relatively judging, computing machine 600 is implemented the control of clock transition detecting laser 700 and ion cooling laser device 800.
Ion trap systems has bi-curved two cap electrodes of rotational symmetry and a ring electrode composition for utilizing.Between ring and cap, add radio-frequency voltage, by the electric quadrupole gesture imprison charged ion that produces.The atom system that the ionic light frequency marking is chosen usually as shown in Figure 2.
In the ionic light frequency marking, in order to eliminate the Doppler frequency displacement of ion clock transition spectral line, adopt the method for laser cooling with the movement velocity reduction of ion usually.What the laser cooling was adopted is that ion ground state I is to the transition of excited state II.Ion can spontaneous radiation be got back to ground state by laser A pumping after energy level II, send fluorescence simultaneously.The excited state II life-span is short, can send 106-108 photon p.s..The fluorescence that ion sends becomes electric impulse signal after receiving through photomultiplier, and this signal is through being input to microprocessor after the prime amplifier.Because electronic impulse and noise spike are all inequality in amplitude size and distribution, utilize amplitude discriminator that the pulse that microprocessor receives is separated, realize separating of signal and noise.Microprocessor is stored the pulse that receives, and in the unit interval electronic impulse is accumulated, and forms the voltage signal that adds up.The timer conter principle of considering this and single-chip microcomputer is similar, control the core so select single-chip microcomputer for use as microprocessor, electric pulse is carried out counting and timing, set dependent thresholds, accumulation essence to voltage changes into timer counter problem in the single-chip microcomputer herein, when being higher than the threshold value (setting value is 2.5V) of establishing, voltage signal thinks that the fluorescence counting is high, the single-chip microcomputer counting overflows, be designated as this moment " bright attitude ", the fluorescence counting is low when voltage signal is lower than setting threshold (setting value is 2.5V), the single-chip microcomputer counting does not overflow, and is designated as " dark attitude ".This had both solved the expensive problem of photoelectron counter, again problem was oversimplified, and directly the height result with the fluorescence counting presents, and is clear.
Microprocessor comprises single-chip microcomputer, and 220V exchanges changes the 5V DC power-supply system, and analog to digital converter (A/D).Single-chip microcomputer uses C language compilation timer program, succinctly is easy to revise, and is lower for programming personnel requirement, the certain threshold value of program setting, and when step-by-step counting reached predetermined threshold value, counting overflowed, and output level is by the low height that jumps to.Timer can be to carrying out plus coujnt by negative pulse of T0/T1 pin input in the single-chip microcomputer, T0/T1 fills it up with the automatic set of TF0/TF 1 zone bit when overflowing, after single-chip microcomputer detects among the TCON TF0/TF1 and becomes " 1 ", to produce instruction: carry out interrupt service routine, TF0/TF 1 zone bit meeting automatically clear " 0 " is in order to interruption application next time.As shown in Figure 3.
When ion between ground state I and excited state II during transition, the fluorescence number that sends is many, so the electronic impulse that microprocessor receives is a lot, thus the voltage signal of accumulation is higher than predetermined threshold value, therefore is in " bright attitude ".The reference transition that the ionic light frequency marking is chosen is the transition between ground state I and the metastable state III.Because the life-span of metastable state III is long, be generally about 1s, therefore, ion is arrived after this attitude by pumping, and the fluorescence number that sends p.s. is almost 0.At this moment, the electronic impulse number that microprocessor receives is almost 0, thereby the voltage of accumulation is 0 also in the unit interval, and microprocessor count does not reach predetermined threshold value, therefore is in " dark attitude ".
In the detection of opctical frequency standard clock transition spectral line, adopt the method for recurrent pulses sequential to inquire after.Sequential as shown in Figure 4.
At first adopt the pulse of the very narrow clock TRANSITION LASER B of a branch of live width that clock transition spectral line is inquired after, burst length t1, this moment, laser A closed.Survey light B afterwards and turn off, cooling light A opens, and the fluorescence that burst length t2, detect ion send, microprocessor also carry out the accumulation of voltage signal in the time at t2.If ion is arrived metastable state III by pumping, then the fluorescence number that detects of photomultiplier is almost 0, so the voltage of microprocessor accumulation is almost 0, and microprocessor count does not reach predetermined threshold value, then ion is in " dark attitude ", also claims ion that " quantum jump " taken place.Otherwise ion can circulate between ground state I and excited state II under the pumping of cooling light A, and the ion fluorescence number is higher, thereby the voltage signal of accumulation is higher than predetermined threshold value, make the saltus step to 1 of single-chip microcomputer level, claim that ion is in " bright attitude ", also namely do not take place " quantum jump ".Because the accumulated voltage of microprocessor differs greatly under two kinds of situations, so signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is very high, thereby be easy to judge whether ion " quantum jump " taken place in this time cycle.Be under the same frequency at laser B, repeat above recurrent pulses tens of times, can obtain taking place under this frequency the number of " quantum jump ".Change the frequency of laser B then, repeat the laser pulse cycle of as much, can obtain " quantum jump " number under this laser frequency.Like this, we just can obtain the absorption spectra of clock transition spectral line.
Claims (4)
1. method is inquired after in the opctical frequency standard ion clock transition based on microprocessor, be to utilize photomultiplier that the ion fluorescence light signal that produces in the ion trap systems that detects is become after the electric pulse, after again electric impulse signal being amplified, be input to microprocessor, microprocessor is stored the electric impulse signal that receives, in the unit interval, electric impulse signal is accumulated, the voltage signal that formation adds up, when described voltage signal is higher than setting value, the ion fluorescence counting is high, microprocessor count is overflowed, and be " bright attitude " this moment; When described voltage signal was lower than setting value, the ion fluorescence counting was low, and microprocessor count is not overflowed, and be " dark attitude " this moment.
2. inquire after method based on the opctical frequency standard ion clock transition of microprocessor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that before the voltage signal counting that microprocessor is adding up, utilize amplitude discriminator that the pulse that microprocessor receives is separated, realize separating of electronic impulse and noise spike.
3. inquire after method based on the opctical frequency standard ion clock transition of microprocessor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described microprocessor will output signal to computing machine, by the control of computer-implemented clock transition exploring laser light and ion cooling laser.
4. inquire after method as arbitrary opctical frequency standard ion clock transition based on microprocessor as described in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that described microprocessor is single-chip microcomputer.
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| CN109786206B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-12-01 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Direct-connection three-region linear ion trap and ion alternate frequency discrimination locking method thereof |
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| EP1783931A1 (en) * | 2004-07-12 | 2007-05-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Photon detecting apparatus and optical communication system |
| CN2840416Y (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2006-11-22 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Atom-molecule frequency stabilization pulse dye laser controlled by micro-processor |
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