CN102589487A - Portable earth surface roughness measuring instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable earth surface roughness measuring instrument, comprising a horizontal rotation driving device and a radial moving arm which is connected with the output terminal of the horizontal rotation driving device and can horizontally rotate by taking the output terminal as the center as well as a controller, wherein the radial moving arm is provided with a sliding block which can move along length direction of the radial moving arm; the sliding block is fixedly connected with a distance measuring device and is used for measuring a distance between the sliding block and an upper cushion surface in vertical direction and a distance between the sliding block and a lower cushion surface in the vertical direction; and the controller is used for controlling rotation output of the horizontal rotation driving device, moving of the sliding block on the radial moving arm and starting of the distance measuring device, receiving a measuring result of the distance measuring device, calculating an earth surface roughness result according to a program preset in the distance measuring device and displaying, storing and sending data. The portable earth surface roughness measuring instrument disclosed by the invention has a simple mechanical structure, low cost and high measurement accuracy, is light, handy and portable and can be applied to measurement on the earth surface roughness of the lower cushion surface in agriculture, soil science, weather and climate predication, geology, microwave remote sensing and other fields.

Description

A Portable Surface Roughness Measuring Instrument

technical field

The invention relates to the field of remote sensing ground measuring instruments, in particular to a portable automatic measuring instrument for surface roughness.

Background technique

The geometric roughness of the surface can be described by the surface root mean square height s and the autocorrelation length l. These two parameters respectively limit the surface roughness from the vertical and horizontal scales to obtain a more representative root mean square height. and the correlation length are one of the determining factors for the correct calculation of surface backscattering.

Surface geometric roughness has important applications in agriculture, soil science, weather and climate prediction, geology and other application fields. In agriculture and soil science, roughness affects infiltration, flooding, and soil erosion processes; in climate and weather forecasting, soil storage and evaporation of water also depend on surface roughness; in geology, surface The roughness can be used to determine the geological element information of wind-eroded sandstone. According to different application fields, surface roughness can be divided into geometric roughness and aerodynamic roughness. Geometric roughness is usually used in the field of remote sensing, while aerodynamic roughness mainly refers to the meaning in meteorology and is used in soil erosion.

In the field of microwave remote sensing of soil moisture, surface parameterization is the basis for developing a practical soil moisture inversion model. The main limiting factor is the acquisition of soil roughness, and it is difficult to develop a simple correction method. Studies have shown that the effect of soil surface roughness on the radar backscatter coefficient is usually equal to or greater than that of soil moisture. Therefore, in the development process of microwave remote sensing inversion of surface parameters, surface roughness has always been the focus of research. Only after the problem of surface roughness is solved can a correct surface electromagnetic scattering model be established and soil Moisture inversion works.

At present, the field of remote sensing has been using single-scale root mean square height and correlation length to describe vertical and horizontal surface roughness. These two parameters are not fixed and depend on the length of the measurement profile and the resolution of the measurement scale. For example, for a smooth soil surface with a large correlation length, it is doubtful to use the measurement section length with a measurement range of only a few meters to estimate its size, because it is too complicated, and there is no surface that can be deduced from the measurement scale to the application scale. roughness measurement technology.

At present, there are mainly methods for measuring surface roughness, such as benchmarking method, digital camera measurement and laser scanning. The application of the benchmark method has the advantages of simple equipment, easy operation, and low cost. The disadvantage is that the original height data is obtained by comparing the upper end of the benchmark with the scale. The accuracy is low, about 1cm, and this method is a contact measurement, which is not only inefficient , and may even change the soil morphological characteristics. Wang Gang of the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of the Chinese Academy of Sciences improved this method by drawing a scale on a wooden board and inserting it into the soil to directly measure the soil height. For uniform sampling, scale plates are usually inserted in the soil of different topography, photographed, and then manually interpreted and recorded. There are about 100 points to be read on each photo (the length of the board is 1 meter, and one point is read for 1 cm). If all manual interpretation is used, the workload will be large and error-prone. In order to reduce the workload and improve the efficiency, the system uses human-computer interaction, and the computer semi-automatically extracts the soil roughness data from the photos. Its automatic identification principle is based on the difference in gray scale between the soil and the scale plate to distinguish, then measure the pixel height from the edge of the soil to the baseline, and then convert it to the actual height of the soil through the scale. Compared with manual interpretation, the system has the advantages of quickness and simplicity, and the error is within 0.5 cm. Both digital camera method and laser scanning method have very high measurement accuracy, and both belong to non-contact measurement methods, but the conventional digital camera method can only obtain 2D image information. The application of laser scanning ranging technology to soil surface morphology measurement has been reported abroad in recent years. The soil surface roughness measurement device based on laser reflection designed by Cai Xiang and Sun Yurui of China Agricultural University mainly consists of a laser ranging sensor, a DC motor on the X/Y axis guide rail and the corresponding guide rail, a relative position sensor and a slider, and data acquisition/ Controller and host computer etc. composition. The Y-axis guide rail is fixed on the X-axis slider, and the X-axis DC motor drives the slider to drive the Y-axis guide rail to move on the X-axis guide rail; the laser ranging sensor is fixed on the Y-axis slider, and the Y-axis DC motor drives the slider to drive The sensor moves on a Y-axis guide. During the measurement process, the laser ranging sensor travels along with the two DC motors according to the trajectory set by the host computer, and the acquired original measurement data together with the relative position information are sent to the host computer through the serial port.

The measurement of surface roughness requires fast, accurate, and minimal damage to the source surface. In addition, roughness measurement experiments are generally carried out in the field, and the transportation is inconvenient. This requires the measuring instrument to be portable, reliable, high-precision, and adaptable. features.

Contents of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a portable surface roughness measuring instrument, which can measure the surface roughness with portability, reliability, high precision and wide adaptability.

(2) Technical solutions

In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides a portable surface roughness measuring instrument, which includes:

A horizontal rotary driver, connected to the output end of the horizontal rotary driver and capable of horizontally rotating a radially movable arm centered thereon;

The radially movable arm is provided with a slider that can move along its length direction;

The slider is fixedly connected with a distance measuring device for measuring the distance between it and the upper and lower pads in the vertical direction;

The portable surface roughness measuring instrument also includes a controller for: controlling the rotation output of the horizontal rotation drive, the movement of the slider on the radially movable arm and the movement of the distance measuring device. Start and receive the measurement result of the distance measuring device, and calculate the surface roughness result according to the preset program in it, and display, store and send the data.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the distance measuring device is a laser distance measuring sensor.

As a preference for the above technical solution, a ball screw linear module is used to cooperate between the slider and the radial moving arm, the slider is driven by a radial drive motor, and the radial drive motor is connected to the control electrical connection.

As a preference of the above technical solution, a balance counterweight mechanism is provided on the other side of the horizontal rotation driver of the radially movable arm, which is used to balance the slider when moving along the radially movable arm. The center of gravity of the instrument as a whole is maintained at the horizontal rotary drive.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the balance counterweight mechanism includes a counterweight support rod connected with the horizontal rotation driver and the radially moving arm is on the same straight line and opposite in direction, and the counterweight support rod is installed There is a counterweight movable therealong which is connected to the slider by a counterweight cable.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the middle part of the counterweight cable bypasses the pulley located at the other end of the counterweight support rod relative to the end of the horizontal rotation driver; when the slider moves, it pulls the counterweight cable, Drive the counterweight to move in the opposite direction to the slider; the moment of the counterweight on the counterweight support rod is equal to the moment of the slider on the radially moving arm.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the portable surface roughness measuring instrument also includes a support mechanism, the support mechanism includes a cross bar and a support frame fixedly connected at both ends of the cross bar, the cross bar and the horizontal rotation The drive is fixedly attached and does not rotate with it.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the support frame is a tripod, and the height of the tripod is adjustable for adjusting the distance between the distance measuring device and the underlying surface.

As a preference of the above technical solution, the controller includes a microprocessor, a man-machine interface, a motor driver, a communication interface, a power supply and a memory.

(3) Beneficial effects

A portable surface roughness measuring instrument provided by the above-mentioned technical solution includes: a horizontal rotation driver, a radial movable arm connected to the output end of the horizontal rotation driver and capable of rotating horizontally around the horizontal rotation driver; The moving arm is provided with a slider that can move along its length; the slider is fixedly connected with a distance measuring device for measuring the distance between it and the upper and lower surfaces in the vertical direction; the portable surface roughness measurement The instrument also includes a controller for: controlling the rotational output of the horizontal rotary drive, the movement of the slider on the radially movable arm and the activation of the ranging device and receiving the ranging The measurement results of the device, and calculate the surface roughness results according to the preset program in it, and display, store and send the data. The instrument has a simple mechanical structure, light weight and portability, low cost, and high measurement accuracy. It can be used to measure the surface roughness of the underlying surface in the application fields such as agriculture, soil science, weather and climate prediction, geology, and microwave remote sensing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a measurement point track of a portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the radial moving arm and its counterweight structure of the portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Among them, 1: horizontal rotation driver; 2: radial moving arm; 3: slider; 4: distance measuring device; 5: radial drive motor; 6: balance counterweight mechanism; 7: underlying surface; 8: counterweight Support rod; 9: counterweight block; 10: counterweight pull wire; 11: pulley; 12: controller; 13: support mechanism; 14: cross bar; 15: support frame.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the embodiment of the present invention provides a portable surface roughness measuring instrument, including: a horizontal rotation driver 1, and the specific horizontal rotation driver 1 can be composed of a bearing, a bearing seat, and a horizontal rotation motor; The output end of the rotary driver 1 is connected to a radially movable arm 2 that can rotate horizontally around the center; the radially movable arm 2 is provided with a slider 3 that can move along its length; the slider 3 is fixedly connected with a distance measuring The device 4 is used to measure the distance between it and the upper and lower surface 7 in the vertical direction; the portable surface roughness measuring instrument also includes a controller 12, and the controller 12 is used to: control the rotation output of the horizontal rotation driver 1, the slider 3 The movement on the radially movable arm 2 and the start of the distance measuring device 4 receive the measurement results of the distance measuring device 4, and calculate the surface roughness results according to the preset program in it, and display, store and send the data.

In order to meet the high-precision requirements of this embodiment, the ranging device 4 is preferably a laser ranging sensor, based on the high-precision characteristics of the laser ranging sensor. At the same time, traditional distance measuring devices such as ultrasonic distance measuring sensors and infrared distance measuring sensors can also be used as the distance measuring device 4 in this embodiment.

The specific working process of this embodiment is as follows: during measurement, the laser ranging sensor slowly moves radially outward on the radially moving arm 2, and at the same time, the radially moving arm 2 rotates under the drive of the horizontal rotation driver 1, Then the laser ranging sensor moves with the trajectory of an involute circle. During specific measurement, at first the controller 12 controls the laser distance measuring sensor to move to a designated position in the radial direction, and then controls the horizontal rotation driver 1 to drive the radially moving arm 2 to rotate, so that the laser distance measuring sensor is on the underlying surface 7 The measurement is performed around a circle, and after the measurement is completed, the controller 12 controls the laser ranging sensor to move to the next designated position in the radial direction, and then rotates again. The distance of each radial movement can be set by the controller 12 to change the measured density (see FIG. 2 for the specific measurement point track). The height of a specified point on the underlying surface 4 in a specified circular plane can be quickly and accurately measured. The controller 1 calculates the collected results to accurately obtain the surface roughness result of the designated area. The instrument has a simple mechanical structure, light weight and portability, low cost, and high measurement accuracy. It can be used to measure the surface roughness of the underlying surface in the application fields such as agriculture, soil science, weather and climate prediction, geology, and microwave remote sensing.

When the portable automatic roughness measuring instrument is running, the trajectory of the measuring points is shown in Figure 2, which is a series of concentric circles.

The slide block 3 and the radial moving arm 2 are coordinated by a ball screw linear module, the slide block 3 is driven by a radial drive motor 5 , and the radial drive motor 5 is electrically connected to the controller 12 .

In order to ensure the stability of the portable surface roughness measuring instrument during operation, this embodiment is preferably provided with a balance counterweight mechanism 6 on the other side of the horizontal rotation driver 1 of the radially movable arm 2, which is used to balance the slider 3 along the The overall center of gravity of the measuring instrument when the radially movable arm 2 moves keeps the center of gravity at the horizontal rotation drive 1 .

The counterweight mechanism 6 is connected with the horizontal rotation driver 1 and the radially moving arm 2 is on the same straight line, the counterweight support bar 8 in the opposite direction, the counterweight support bar 8 is equipped with a counterweight 9 that can move along it, The counterweight 9 is connected to the slider 3 by a counterweight cable 10 .

The middle part of the counterweight stay wire 10 goes around the pulley 11 arranged at the other end of the counterweight support rod 8 relative to the horizontal rotation driver 1; when the slider 3 moves, the counterweight stay wire 10 is driven, and the counterweight 9 is driven along the opposite direction to the slider 3. The moment of the counterweight 9 on the counterweight support rod 8 is equal to the moment of the slider 3 moving the arm 2 in the radial direction. Preferably, the weight of the counterweight 9 is consistent with that of the laser distance measuring sensor, and the movement direction of the counterweight 9 under the pull of the counterweight pull wire 10 is opposite to that of the laser distance measuring sensor. The specific working process is: the radial drive motor 5 rotates to make the slider 3 on the ball screw linear module move, when the slider 3 moves, it will pull the counterweight cable 10 to move, and the counterweight cable 10 pulls the counterweight through the pulley 11 Block 9 makes the counterweight 9 move in the opposite direction. The mechanism can maintain the overall center of gravity of the portable surface roughness measuring instrument at the rotation output shaft of the horizontal rotation driver 1, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire measurement system during high-speed rotation. The method of pulling wires can reduce the difficulty of the mechanism. When homing, it is necessary to manually return the counterweight to the center of rotation.

Preferably, the portable surface roughness measuring instrument in this embodiment also includes a support mechanism 13. The support mechanism 13 includes a cross bar 14 and a support frame 15 fixedly connected at both ends of the cross bar 14. The cross bar 14 is fixedly connected to the horizontal rotation driver 1, Do not rotate with it. The support frame 15 is a tripod, and the height of the tripod is adjustable, so that the height of the crossbar 14 fixed on the tripod is adjustable from the ground, and finally the height of the laser ranging sensor is adjustable from the ground, so that the laser ranging can be adjusted according to the actual surface conditions. The height of the sensor is adjusted, which greatly improves the adaptability of the portable surface roughness measuring instrument.

The controller 12 includes a microprocessor, a man-machine interface, a motor driver, a communication interface, a power supply and a memory. The microprocessor calculates the roughness of the underlying surface by measuring the height of each designated point, which can be a PLC or a single-chip micro-controller, which is simple in programming and good in reliability, and is applicable to the present invention. The human-machine interface includes input and output devices such as a display, a keyboard, and a mouse, for the operator to input instructions into the controller 12 and the controller 12 to display relevant information to the operator. The communication interface includes commonly used serial port, parallel port, network interface, USB interface and other communication and expansion interfaces.

As can be seen from the above embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention provides a portable surface roughness measuring instrument, including: a horizontal rotation driver 1, which is connected to the output end of the horizontal rotation driver 1 and can be used as the center to perform horizontal rotation. The moving arm 2; the radial moving arm 2 is provided with a slider 3 that can move along its length direction; the slider 3 is fixedly connected with a distance measuring device 4 for measuring the distance between it and the upper and lower pads 7 in the vertical direction Distance; the portable surface roughness measuring instrument also includes a controller 12, the controller 12 is used for: controlling the rotation output of the horizontal rotation driver 1, the movement of the slider 3 on the radially moving arm 2, and the starting and receiving of the distance measuring device 4 The measurement result of the distance measuring device 4 is used to calculate the surface roughness result according to the preset program in it, and the data is displayed, stored and sent. The instrument has a simple mechanical structure, light weight and portability, low cost, and high measurement accuracy, and can be used to measure the surface roughness of the underlying surface 7 in application fields such as agriculture, soil science, weather and climate prediction, geology, and microwave remote sensing.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements and replacements can also be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and replacements should also be It is regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A portable surface roughness measuring instrument, characterized in that, comprising: A horizontal rotary driver (1), which is connected to the output end of the horizontal rotary driver (1) and can be a radially movable arm (2) that can rotate horizontally around the center; The radially movable arm (2) is provided with a slider (3) movable along its length direction; The slider (3) is fixedly connected with a distance measuring device (4), which is used to measure the distance between it and the upper and lower pads (7) in the vertical direction; The portable surface roughness measuring instrument also includes a controller (12), and the controller (12) is used for: controlling the rotation output of the horizontal rotation driver (1), the slider (3) The movement to the moving arm (2) and the start-up of the distance measuring device (4) receive the measurement results of the distance measuring device (4), and calculate the surface roughness result according to the preset program therein. 2. The portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, the distance measuring device (4) is a laser distance measuring sensor. 3. The portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, a ball screw linear module fits between the slide block (3) and the radially movable arm (2), and the The slider (3) is driven by a radial drive motor (5), and the radial drive motor (5) is electrically connected to the controller (12). 4. The portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to claim 3, characterized in that, the other side of the horizontal rotation driver (1) connected to the radially movable arm (2) is provided with a counterweight mechanism (6), which is used to balance the overall center of gravity of the measuring instrument when the slider (3) moves along the radially moving arm (2), so that the center of gravity remains at the horizontal rotation drive (1) . 5. The portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to claim 4, characterized in that, the balance counterweight mechanism (6) includes a motor that is connected to the horizontal rotation driver (1) and the radially movable arm (2) On the same straight line, counterweight support rods (8) in opposite directions are equipped with counterweights (9) that can move along the counterweight support rods (8), and the counterweights (9) pass through A counterweight cable (10) is connected to the slider (3). 6. The portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to claim 5, characterized in that, the middle part of the counterweight stay wire (10) bypasses the counterweight support rod (8) relative to the horizontal rotation driver ( 1) The pulley (11) provided at the other end of the end; when the slider (3) moves, it will pull the counterweight pull wire (10), and drive the counterweight (9) along the direction opposite to the slider (3) The moment of the counterweight (9) on the counterweight support rod (8) is equal to the moment of the slider (3) on the radially moving arm (2). 7. The portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that, the portable surface roughness measuring instrument also includes a support mechanism (13), and the support mechanism (13) includes a cross bar (14) and A support frame (15) fixedly connected to both ends of the crossbar (14), the crossbar (14) is fixedly connected to the horizontal rotation driver (1) and does not rotate with it. 8. The portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to claim 7, characterized in that, the support frame (15) is a tripod, and the height of the tripod is adjustable for adjusting the distance measuring device (4) The distance to the underlying surface (17). 9. The portable surface roughness measuring instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the controller (12) comprises a microprocessor, a man-machine interface, a motor driver, a communication interface, a power supply and memory.

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