CN102589005B - 燃料喷嘴被动吹扫帽流 - Google Patents
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropiophenone Chemical compound CC(N)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
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Abstract
本发明涉及燃料喷嘴被动吹扫帽流。一种用于燃气轮机中的燃料喷嘴的冷却回路包括:端帽腔体,其接收来自涡轮(10)的压缩机(12)的被动吹扫流;以及设置在旋流嘴护罩中的燃料喷嘴旋流嘴(28),其对进入的燃料和空气施加旋流。吹扫槽口(32)形成于旋流嘴护罩中且通过燃料喷嘴旋流嘴而与端帽腔体处于流体连通。吹扫槽口定位在四元燃料喷射通道(27)的上游,并且被动吹扫流进入燃料喷嘴的燃料喷嘴尖部腔体,以提供尖部冷却和尖部吹扫体积,而不混合被动吹扫流与四元燃料。
Description
技术领域
本发明大体涉及燃气轮机,并且更具体而言,涉及用于燃气轮机发动机的燃料喷嘴,其包括在四元(quat)燃料喷射之前对燃料喷嘴尖部使用从端帽冷却流供应的被动吹扫流的冷却回路。
背景技术
传统的四元燃料喷射系统利用与四元燃料混合的CdC空气来进行被动吹扫供应。在被动吹扫供应中存在燃料会提高被动吹扫腔体中和燃料喷嘴尖部内的拢焰的风险。使用没有四元燃料的端帽吹扫供应来提供用以吹扫燃料喷嘴尖部和消除设计中的拢焰风险的备选手段将是合乎需要的。
发明内容
在一个示例性实施例中,一种用于燃气轮机中的燃料喷嘴的冷却回路包括:接收压缩机排出空气的环带;包括燃料通道的四元帽,四元燃料通过该燃料通道而喷射向燃料喷嘴;以及形成于四元帽中且接收来自环带的压缩机排出空气的空气通道。空气通道定位在燃料通道的上游,使得压缩机排出空气不与四元燃料混合。燃料喷嘴中的吹扫通道接收来自空气通道的压缩机排出空气。吹扫通道将压缩机排出空气引导到燃料喷嘴,以进行尖部冷却。
在另一个示例性实施例中,一种冷却燃气轮机中的燃料喷嘴的方法包括以下步骤:(a)在环带中接收压缩机排出空气;(b)将来自环带的压缩机排出空气引导到形成于四元帽中的空气通道,其中,空气通道定位在四元燃料通道的上游,使得空气通道中的压缩机排出空气不与四元燃料混合;以及(c)在燃料喷嘴中的吹扫通道中接收来自空气通道的压缩机排出空气,吹扫通道将压缩机排出空气引导到燃料喷嘴,以进行尖部冷却。
在又一个示例性实施例中,一种用于燃气轮机中的燃料喷嘴的冷却回路包括:接收来自涡轮的压缩机的被动吹扫流的端帽腔体;以及设置在旋流嘴护罩中的燃料喷嘴旋流嘴,其对进入的燃料和空气施加旋流。吹扫槽口形成于旋流嘴护罩中且通过燃料喷嘴旋流嘴而与端帽腔体处于流体连通。吹扫槽口定位在四元燃料喷射通道的上游,并且被动吹扫流进入燃料喷嘴的燃料喷嘴尖部腔体,以提供尖部冷却和尖部吹扫体积,而不混合被动吹扫流与四元燃料。
附图说明
图1是燃气轮机的简化的截面;
图2是显示了燃烧器的燃料喷嘴的截面图;
图3和4是外部燃料喷嘴的截面图;以及
图5和6是中心燃料喷嘴的截面图。
部件列表:
10燃气轮机
12压缩机
14燃烧器
16涡轮
20冷却回路
22喷嘴尖部端
24环带
26四元帽
27燃料通道
28旋流嘴组件
30空气通道
32吹扫通道
34喷嘴尖部冷却通道
具体实施方式
图1示出了典型的燃气轮机10。如所显示的那样,燃气轮机10大体包括在前部处的压缩机12、在中部的周围的一个或多个燃烧器14和在后部处的涡轮16。压缩机12和涡轮16典型地共用共同的转子。压缩机12逐渐地压缩工作流体,并且将压缩工作流体排到燃烧器14。燃烧器14将燃料喷射到压缩工作流体流中,并且点燃混合物而产生具有高的温度、压力和速度的燃烧气体。燃烧气体离开燃烧器14,并且流到涡轮16,在涡轮16中,燃烧气体膨胀而产生功。
外壳包围各个燃烧器14,以容纳来自压缩机12的压缩工作流体。喷嘴布置在端盖中,例如,外部喷嘴沿径向布置在中心喷嘴的周围。来自压缩机12的压缩工作流体在外壳和衬套之间流动到外部喷嘴和中心喷嘴,外部喷嘴和中心喷嘴混合燃料与压缩工作流体,并且混合物从外部喷嘴和中心喷嘴流入上游室和下游室中,在上游室和下游室中发生燃烧。
如提到的那样,现有设计使用四元混合的CdC空气来为燃料喷嘴尖部供应被动吹扫。但是,在被动吹扫供应中存在燃料会提高被动吹扫腔体中和燃料喷嘴尖部内的拢焰的风险。参照图2-6,描述的实施例将没有四元燃料的端帽吹扫供应用作用以吹扫燃料喷嘴尖部的备选手段。在吹扫供应没有四元燃料的情况下,从设计上消除了拢焰风险。
图2是显示了外部燃料喷嘴和中心燃料喷嘴的截面图。该组件包括冷却回路20。在使用中,必须冷却喷嘴的部件(包括喷嘴尖部端22),因为它们暴露于热的燃烧气体。燃烧器包括接收来自压缩机的压缩机排出空气的环带24。四元帽26包括燃料通道27,四元燃料通过燃料通道27而喷射向燃料喷嘴。四元燃料喷射到旋流嘴组件28中,旋流嘴组件28包括设置在旋流嘴护罩中的燃料喷嘴旋流嘴。旋流嘴组件28对进入的燃料和空气施加旋流。
冷却回路20包括形成于四元帽26中的空气通道30,空气通道30接收来自环带24的压缩机排出空气。如图2中显示的那样,空气通道30定位在燃料通道27的上游。因此,空气通道30中的压缩机排出空气不与四元燃料混合。燃料喷嘴中的吹扫通道32通过空气通道30来接收压缩机排出空气。吹扫通道32将压缩机排出空气引导到燃料喷嘴,以进行尖部冷却。
如所显示的那样,在旋流嘴组件28中形成吹扫通道32。优选地,吹扫通道32包括在旋流嘴28中形成的槽口。
在一个典型构造中,燃烧器包括沿周向包围中心喷嘴的若干个外部喷嘴。图2是通过外部燃料喷嘴2中的一个且显示了中心燃料喷嘴4的相对位置的截面图。图3和4是通过外部燃料喷嘴的截面图,而图5和6是通过中心燃料喷嘴的截面图。如所显示的那样,在旋流嘴28中形成吹扫通道32。
继续参看图2,喷嘴尖部冷却通道34包围燃料喷嘴,并且来自空气通道30的压力排出空气的一部分被引导到喷嘴尖部冷却通道34,以冷却喷嘴尖部。
压缩机排出空气的流径在图2、4和6中由箭头显示。压缩机排出空气接收在环带24中,并且被引导到在四元帽26中形成的空气通道30。如之前提到的那样,由于空气通道30定位在四元燃料通道28的上游,所以空气通道30中的压缩机排出空气不与四元燃料混合。来自空气通道30的压缩机排出空气接收在燃料喷嘴中的吹扫通道或槽口32中。吹扫通道32将压缩机排出空气引导到燃料喷嘴,以进行尖部冷却。另外,来自空气通道30的压缩机排出空气的一部分被引导到喷嘴尖部冷却通道34,以冷却容纳在燃料喷嘴的内部的空筒和/或液体筒尖部。
对于描述实施例,燃料喷嘴旋流嘴在旋流嘴护罩的外侧上具有吹扫槽口,以允许来自端帽腔体的被动吹扫冷却空气进入燃料喷嘴尖部腔体中,以及提供尖部冷却和尖部吹扫体积。帽供应空气是在四元喷射之前,从而降低或消除由现有设计中的与燃料混合的被动吹扫空气所引起的拢焰事件的风险。
增加的吹扫槽口消除了对从燃烧室的端盖侧提供吹扫空气来进行冷却的需要,这个空气典型地已经与燃料混合。另外,吹扫槽口简化了设计,从而消除了对在压缩机排出回路中采用供应管以及在背端上对各个端盖进行供应(这将需要额外的回路来将空气引导到喷嘴)的需要。该设计通过简化在凸缘接口处所需的流体回路的数量而仍然进一步降低燃料喷嘴复杂性,从而允许有改进的耐用性和较低的成本。
虽然结合目前认为是最实用和优选的实施例来描述了本发明,但是将理解,本发明不应当限于公开的实施例,而是相反,本发明意图覆盖包括在所附权利要求的精神和范围内的各种修改和等效布置。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于燃气轮机中的燃料喷嘴的冷却回路,包括:
接收压缩机排出空气的环带(24);
包括燃料通道(27)的四元帽(26),通过所述燃料通道(27)而将四元燃料喷射向所述燃料喷嘴;
在所述四元帽中形成且接收来自所述环带的所述压缩机排出空气的空气通道(30),其中,所述空气通道定位在所述燃料通道的上游,使得所述压缩机排出空气不与四元燃料混合;以及
在所述燃料喷嘴中接收来自所述空气通道的所述压缩机排出空气的吹扫通道(32),
其中,所述吹扫通道将所述压缩机排出空气引导到所述燃料喷嘴,以进行尖部冷却。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冷却回路,其特征在于,所述燃料喷嘴包括对进入的燃料和空气施加旋流的旋流嘴,以及其中,所述吹扫通道(32)形成于所述旋流嘴中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的冷却回路,其特征在于,所述吹扫通道(32)包括形成于所述旋流嘴中的槽口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的冷却回路,其特征在于,所述燃料喷嘴是中心燃料喷嘴。
5.根据权利要求1所述的冷却回路,其特征在于,所述燃气轮机包括包围中心燃料喷嘴的多个外部燃料喷嘴,以及其中,所述冷却回路(20)将所述压缩机排出空气引导到所述外部燃料喷嘴和所述中心燃料喷嘴。
6.根据权利要求1所述的冷却回路,其特征在于,所述冷却回路进一步包括包围所述燃料喷嘴的喷嘴尖部冷却通道(34),其中,来自所述空气通道(30)的所述压缩机排出空气的一部分被引导到所述喷嘴尖部冷却通道,以冷却所述喷嘴尖部。
7.根据权利要求1所述的冷却回路,其特征在于,所述吹扫通道(32)包括形成于所述燃料喷嘴中的槽口。
8.一种冷却燃气轮机中的燃料喷嘴的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)在环带(24)中接收压缩机排出空气;
(b)将来自所述环带的所述压缩机排出空气引导到形成于四元帽(26)中的空气通道(30),其中,所述空气通道定位在用于四元燃料的燃料通道(27)的上游,使得所述空气通道中的所述压缩机排出空气不与所述四元燃料混合;以及
(c)在所述燃料喷嘴中的吹扫通道(32)中接收来自所述空气通道的所述压缩机排出空气,所述吹扫通道将所述压缩机排出空气引导到所述燃料喷嘴,以进行尖部冷却。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述燃料喷嘴包括对进入的燃料和空气施加旋流的旋流嘴,以及其中,所述方法包括在所述旋流嘴中形成所述吹扫通道(32)。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述燃料喷嘴进一步包括包围所述燃料喷嘴的喷嘴尖部冷却通道(34),其中,所述方法包括将来自所述空气通道(30)的所述压缩机排出空气的一部分引导到所述喷嘴尖部冷却通道,以冷却所述喷嘴尖部。
11.一种用于燃气轮机中的燃料喷嘴的冷却回路,包括:
接收来自所述燃气轮机的压缩机(12)的被动吹扫流的端帽腔体;
设置在旋流嘴护罩中的燃料喷嘴旋流嘴,其对进入的燃料和空气施加压力旋流;以及
吹扫通道(32),其形成于所述旋流嘴护罩中且通过所述燃料喷嘴旋流嘴而与所述端帽腔体处于流体连通,其中,所述吹扫通道定位在用于四元燃料的燃料通道(27)的上游,以及其中,所述被动吹扫流进入所述燃料喷嘴的燃料喷嘴尖部腔体,以提供尖部冷却和尖部吹扫体积,而不混合所述被动吹扫流与所述四元燃料。
12.根据权利要求11所述的冷却回路,其特征在于,所述燃料喷嘴是中心燃料喷嘴。
13.根据权利要求11所述的冷却回路,其特征在于,所述燃气轮机包括包围中心燃料喷嘴的多个外部燃料喷嘴,以及其中,所述冷却回路将所述被动吹扫流引导到所述外部燃料喷嘴和所述中心燃料喷嘴。
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US12/985,010 US8991188B2 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-01-05 | Fuel nozzle passive purge cap flow |
US12/985,010 | 2011-01-05 |
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- 2011-12-29 DE DE102011057165.5A patent/DE102011057165B4/de active Active
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2012
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5997897B2 (ja) | 2016-09-28 |
DE102011057165A1 (de) | 2012-07-05 |
FR2970068B1 (fr) | 2018-08-17 |
US20120167586A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
US8991188B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
CN102589005A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
JP2012140948A (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
DE102011057165B4 (de) | 2022-08-11 |
FR2970068A1 (fr) | 2012-07-06 |
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