CN102574448A - 用于汽车的能量存储器装置 - Google Patents

用于汽车的能量存储器装置 Download PDF

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CN102574448A
CN102574448A CN2010800464580A CN201080046458A CN102574448A CN 102574448 A CN102574448 A CN 102574448A CN 2010800464580 A CN2010800464580 A CN 2010800464580A CN 201080046458 A CN201080046458 A CN 201080046458A CN 102574448 A CN102574448 A CN 102574448A
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storage battery
attaching parts
battery box
energy accumulator
automobile
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CN102574448B (zh
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D.吉尔德曼
D.贾什克
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
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    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
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    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/005—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units the electric storage means
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
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    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于汽车尤其是电动车的能量存储器装置，该能量存储器装置具有至少两个蓄电池箱(1、2)，所述至少两个蓄电池箱(1、2)分别容纳至少一个蓄电池组，本发明还涉及一种用于布置这种能量存储器的方法，其中，当所述蓄电池箱(1、2)通过连接件(3)相互机械连接时，所述两个蓄电池组相互电连接，其中，所述连接件(3)布置在汽车的轮轴(4)上方，其中，至少一个第一蓄电池箱(1)设计为能够与所述连接件(3)分离，使得所述蓄电池箱(1、2)能够彼此独立地安装和/或拆卸。

Description

用于汽车的能量存储器装置
本发明涉及一种用于汽车尤其是电动车的、带有至少两个蓄电池箱的能量存储器装置和一种布置这种能量存储器的方法。
当今，为了使电动车(E-Fahrzeug)具有为达到可接受的行程距离所需的充足数量的蓄电池，电动车的电能存储器由两个或多个相互连接的蓄电池箱构成。蓄电池箱分别包括至少一个蓄电池。在此，一个蓄电池箱通常位于车辆后桥之前，而第二个蓄电池箱根据后桥的结构布置在后桥后方或上方，例如组合拉杆轴后方或者耦合拉杆轴或多连杆轴上方。在这种情况下出于安全性、布线和温度调节的原因，连接在一起的蓄电池箱是合理的。当蓄电池箱到达一定尺寸或更大时，从车辆中更换出整个蓄电池就变得非常费劲，因为蓄电池箱部分布置在轮轴上方(例如行李舱中)并且还有部分布置在轮轴下方(例如汽车座椅下方)。对这种单构件式蓄电池箱进行蓄电池更换的前提是首先拆卸车辆的轮轴。由此在安装、保养维护工作或维修时产生了较高的耗费。
在DE 40 27 147 A1中已知一种由两个蓄电池箱组成的装置，用于耦合机车驱动马达的控制系统与蓄电池电源，其中，蓄电池箱接口通过控制箱彼此电连接。
DE 25 58 456公开了一种用于电动牵引车尤其是电动车的能量存储器，其具有多个可单独操作的蓄电池子单元，这些蓄电池子单元通过带有插头接点的连接件相互连接。
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于，使得车辆尤其是电动车的能量存储器单元能够灵活而轻便地安装和拆卸。
该技术问题按本发明通过一种用于汽车尤其是电动车的、具有权利要求1所述特征的能量存储器装置和一种用于布置这种能量存储器的、具有权利要求8所述特征的方法解决。从属权利要求涉及本发明有利的扩展设计和设计方案。
本发明基于这样的想法，将能量存储器单元可分地构造成模块，由此提高了灵活地将模块布置在汽车中的可能性。设置有用于汽车尤其是电动车的、带有至少两个蓄电池箱的能量存储器装置，所述至少两个蓄电池箱分别容纳至少一个蓄电池组，其中，当两个蓄电池箱通过连接件相互机械连接时，两个蓄电池组相互电连接，其中，连接件布置在汽车的轮轴侧旁或上方，其中，至少一个第一蓄电池箱设计为能够与连接件分离，使得所述蓄电池箱能够彼此独立地安装和/或拆卸。借助连接件实现了蓄电池箱的机械连接，因此两个相连的蓄电池箱又成为封闭的系统并且对外密封。通过这种结构为蓄电池的保养或维护提供了较高的灵活性，以使蓄电池箱能够彼此无关地拆卸或安装，而不用事先拆卸车辆的轮轴。此外，蓄电池箱也可以安装在车辆内室中。按照本发明的一种有利的扩展设计，连接件设计为能够柔性地弯曲。连接件由弹性材料制成，例如塑料或橡胶，并且例如设计成软管的形式。连接件也可以在安装时折叠。因此，能量存储器装置可以轻易地绕开障碍并且更好地与车辆轮廓相匹配。这尤其使得安装和拆卸蓄电池箱时的工作更容易。
按照本发明的一种有利的设计方案，能量存储器装置也可以设计为双构件式，其中，第二个蓄电池箱设计成与连接件固定连接。在这种情况下，在能量存储器装置中只还需要一个接口或接头用于连接第一蓄电池箱与连接件。因此可以简化能量存储器装置并且降低整个能量存储器装置的安装成本。
按照本发明一种备选的有利设计方案，连接件设计为相对车身固定的部件，并且该连接件位于车辆的轮轴之上。在更换蓄电池时只需要将蓄电池箱从车身固定的组成部分即连接件上分离，而无需再拆卸连接件。
按照本发明的一种有利的设计方案，连接件具有至少一个用于调节蓄电池组温度的穿孔。所述穿孔例如沿连接件的轴向设计在该连接件内。由此可通过穿孔使液体或空气流在蓄电池箱之间流动，以便冷却或加热蓄电池组。
按照本发明的另一有利的设计方案，蓄电池箱可分别设置成与连接件侧面并列和/或叠置。在此，蓄电池箱也可以灵活地布置在尤其是汽车尾部处的汽车座椅下方或后方。
此外，提供了一种布置用于汽车尤其是电动车的能量存储器的方法，该能量存储器具有至少两个蓄电池箱，所述至少两个蓄电池箱分别容纳蓄电池组，其中，设置有用于在汽车轮轴上方连接两个蓄电池箱的连接件，其中，当所述蓄电池箱通过连接件相互机械连接时，在所述两个蓄电池组之间形成电连接，其中，至少一个第一蓄电池箱与连接件可分离地连接，使得所述两个蓄电池箱能够彼此独立地安装和/或拆卸。
以下根据在附图中示出的实施例进一步说明和阐述本发明。在附图中：
图1示出带有两个蓄电池箱的能量存储器装置；
图2示出三构件式能量存储器装置的一种耦合可能性；
图3示出三构件式能量存储器装置的另一种耦合可能性；
图4示出双构件式能量存储器装置的一种耦合可能性；
图5示出双构件式能量存储器装置的另一种耦合可能性。
在图1中示出，能量存储器装置具有两个蓄电池箱1、2，其中，每个蓄电池箱包含至少一个用于电动车或混合动力车的蓄电池组(在此未示出)。两个蓄电池箱1、2分别布置在车辆后轮轴4的侧面，其中，一个蓄电池箱1位于汽车座椅6下方以及轮轴4前方，而另一个蓄电池箱2位于汽车座椅6旁边即车辆的行李舱中，并且位于轮轴4后方。轮轴4例如可以是组合拉杆轴、耦合拉杆轴或多连杆轴。
两个蓄电池箱1、2通过连接件3相连，其中，连接件3位于轮轴4上方。在另一种情况下，视蓄电池箱1、2的设计结构而定，连接件3也可以布置在轮轴4侧旁。连接件3由弹性材料(例如塑料或橡胶)构成，并且因此可弹性弯曲。连接件3沿其轴向具有穿孔(未示出)。通过该穿孔可使空气流或水流流动通过两个蓄电池箱1、2或者在蓄电池箱1、2之间循环流动，以便冷却或加热蓄电池组。连接件3可以具有一个或多个用于形成蓄电池箱1、2的机械连接的卡固/卡锁元件和至少一个用于形成蓄电池组的电连接的插头接点。由此，蓄电池箱1、2可以简单地通过与连接件3的插接或卡锁而相连并且对外密封以防止湿气和灰尘，而不必使用其它固定器件如螺栓或铆钉。蓄电池组可在蓄电池箱1、2插接到连接件3中后立即相互电连接。
在图2和图3中示出了三构件式能量存储器装置的两个耦合可能性，其中，两个蓄电池箱1、2和连接件3分别具有接口7，以便能够相互卡锁连接。蓄电池箱1、2可分别从上或从下布置在连接件3侧面。在此，位于后车座6下方的蓄电池箱1可以从上安装在连接件3上、从下被向上推到连接件3中或者从侧面插入连接件3内，相应地，设置在车辆尾部处的第二蓄电池箱2可以按相同方式连接在连接件3上。
连接件3可以设计为车身固定的部件并且布置在轮轴4上方。在更换蓄电池时只需要将蓄电池箱1、2从车辆车身上拆卸下来，而不用再移除连接件3。两个蓄电池箱1、2可以相互独立地并且与轮轴4无关地灵活地安装在连接件3上并且从该连接件3上拆下。
图4示出了双构件式能量存储器装置的一种耦合可能性，其中，位于车辆行李舱内的蓄电池箱2与连接件3一体地设计为一个单元。通过将蓄电池箱2和连接件3作为一个单元首先从上方设置到轮轴4之上的止挡位置中并且随后平行且横向于轮轴4推移，蓄电池箱1和带有连接件3的蓄电池箱2可以与轮轴4无关地灵活地安装和拆卸。蓄电池箱1可以如上所示地从上或从下布置在连接件3侧面。
图5示出双构件式能量存储器装置的一种备选的耦合可能性，其中，位于车辆座椅下方的蓄电池箱1和连接件3一体地设计为一个单元。所以蓄电池箱2可以首先从上部设置到轮轴4之上的止挡位置中并且随后平行且横向于轮轴4地推移到合适的位置。蓄电池箱1与连接件3将作为一个单元被从下抬升至轮轴4侧面的一个位置，以便与蓄电池箱2连接，其中，连接件3借助其接口7连接在蓄电池箱2的接口上。
两个蓄电池箱1、2和连接件3可以不对轮轴4产生影响地进行组装和拆卸。能量存储器装置的双构件式结构在组装状态下形成自身封闭的单元，其中，所述单元只需要一个蓄电池管理系统。通过这种结构可在蓄电池的保养或维护中具有较高灵活性，以使蓄电池箱1、2能够彼此独立地进行更换，而不需要事先拆除轮轴4。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于汽车尤其是电动车的能量存储器装置，该能量存储器装置具有至少两个蓄电池箱(1、2)，所述至少两个蓄电池箱(1、2)分别容纳至少一个蓄电池组，其中，当所述蓄电池箱(1、2)通过连接件(3)相互机械连接时，在所述两个蓄电池组之间形成电连接，其特征在于，至少一个第一蓄电池箱(1)设计为能够与所述连接件(3)分离，使得所述蓄电池箱(1、2)能够彼此独立地安装和/或拆卸，其中，所述连接件(3)能够布置在汽车的轮轴(4)旁边或上方。
2.按权利要求1所述的能量存储器装置，其中，所述连接件(3)设计为能够柔性地弯曲。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的能量存储器装置，其中，第二蓄电池箱(2)设计成与所述连接件(3)固定连接。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的能量存储器装置，其中，所述连接件(3)设计为相对车身固定的部件。
5.按权利要求1至4之一所述的能量存储器装置，其中，所述连接件(3)具有至少一个用于调节蓄电池组温度的穿孔。
6.按前述权利要求之一所述的能量存储器装置，其中，所述蓄电池箱(1、2)分别设置成与所述连接件(3)侧面并列和/或叠置。
7.按前述权利要求之一所述的能量存储器装置，其中，所述蓄电池箱之一(1)能够布置在汽车的汽车座椅(8)下方，或者所述蓄电池箱之一(2)能够布置在汽车尾部的汽车座椅(6)后方。
8.一种布置用于汽车尤其是电动车的能量存储器的方法，该能量存储器具有至少两个蓄电池箱(1、2)，所述至少两个蓄电池箱(1、2)分别容纳蓄电池组，其中，
-当所述蓄电池箱(1、2)通过连接件(3)相互机械连接时，在所述两个蓄电池组之间形成电连接，其中，至少一个第一蓄电池箱(1)与所述连接件(3)可分离地连接，使得所述蓄电池箱(1、2)能够彼此独立地安装和/或拆卸，并且所述连接件(3)布置在汽车的轮轴(4)旁边或上方。
9.按权利要求8所述的方法，其中，第二蓄电池箱(2)设计成与所述连接件(3)固定连接。
10.按权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述连接件(3)设计成与汽车的车身固定连接。
11.按权利要求8至10之一所述的方法，其中，在所述连接件(4)中设置有至少一个用于调节蓄电池组温度的穿孔。
12.按权利要求8至11之一所述的方法，其中，所述蓄电池箱(1、2)分别设置成与所述连接件(3)侧面并列和/或叠置。
13.按权利要求8至12之一所述的方法，其中，所述蓄电池箱之一(1)布置在汽车的汽车座椅(6)下方，或者所述蓄电池箱之一(2)布置在汽车尾部的汽车座椅(6)后方。
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