CN102568297A - Comprehensive practical training device for process control - Google Patents
Comprehensive practical training device for process control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种过程控制综合实训装置，其特征在于，包括上位机、仪表盘、常规仪表控制系统、可编程控制系统和模拟对象系统，所述的上位机与可编程控制系统连通，而所述的可编程控制系统和常规仪表控制系统均设置在仪表盘上，而所述的模拟对象系统通过一切换开关与所述的可编程控制系统和常规仪表控制系统切换连通。本发明既可以用于学生的实训教学，还可以对企业职工进行技能培训，还可以用于科学研究。为培养自动化控制专业人才提供了一个先进平台，是一个融实验、实训和科研开发一培训装置。
The invention relates to a comprehensive training device for process control, which is characterized in that it includes a host computer, an instrument panel, a conventional instrument control system, a programmable control system and a simulation object system, and the host computer communicates with the programmable control system, and Both the programmable control system and the conventional instrument control system are arranged on the instrument panel, and the simulated object system is switched and communicated with the programmable control system and the conventional instrument control system through a switch. The invention can be used not only for practical training and teaching for students, but also for skill training for enterprise employees, and for scientific research. It provides an advanced platform for training automation control professionals, and is a training device integrating experiment, practical training and scientific research and development.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种生产过程自动化控制专业教学的实训装置，具体地讲就是对自动化专业、计算机控制技术专业、仪表专业的学员及从事相关行业的企业职工进行技能培训和考核的装置。 The invention relates to a practical training device for the teaching of production process automation control, specifically a device for skill training and assessment for students majoring in automation, computer control technology, and instrumentation, as well as enterprise employees engaged in related industries.
背景技术 Background technique
过程控制技术是我国高等院校及各类职业院校自动化专业的重要专业必修课程，是学生必须要掌握的专业技能。如何提高教学效果，提高学生解决实际问题的动手能力，全面掌握相关课程的实践本领，是目前急需解决的问题。随着仪表技术和控制技术的不断进步和发展，目前国内各院校配置的实训设备普遍较为落后，大部分只是针对部分内容设计，因此实训内容单一，不能同时进行多种控制技术和设备的技能实训，学校要配备多种实训装置，不但需要大量的实训场所，设备资金的投入也大大地增加，学生还很难建立综合控制的概念，难以达到教学要求。 Process control technology is an important professional compulsory course for automation majors in colleges and universities and various vocational colleges in my country, and it is a professional skill that students must master. How to improve teaching effect, how to improve students' practical ability to solve practical problems, and comprehensively master the practical skills of related courses are urgent problems to be solved at present. With the continuous progress and development of instrumentation technology and control technology, the training equipment configured by domestic colleges and universities is generally relatively backward, most of which are only designed for part of the content, so the training content is single, and it is impossible to carry out multiple control technologies and equipment at the same time. For skill training, the school needs to be equipped with a variety of training devices, which not only requires a large number of training places, but also greatly increases the investment in equipment funds. It is also difficult for students to establish the concept of comprehensive control and meet the teaching requirements.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种可以自由组合且能够全面、系统地对学生进行过程控制综合的实验、实训和技能培训的过程控制综合实训装置。 In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive process control training device that can be freely combined and can comprehensively and systematically conduct comprehensive process control experiments, practical training and skill training for students.
为达到上述目的，本发明是通过以下的技术方案来实现的： To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
过程控制综合实训装置，其特征在于，包括上位机、仪表盘、常规仪表控制系统、可编程控制系统和模拟对象系统，所述的上位机与可编程控制系统连通，而所述的可编程控制系统和常规仪表控制系统均设置在仪表盘上，而所述的模拟对象系统通过一切换开关与所述的可编程控制系统和常规仪表控制系统切换连通。 The process control comprehensive training device is characterized in that it includes an upper computer, an instrument panel, a conventional instrument control system, a programmable control system and a simulation object system, the upper computer communicates with the programmable control system, and the programmable Both the control system and the conventional instrument control system are arranged on the instrument panel, and the simulated object system is switched and communicated with the programmable control system and the conventional instrument control system through a switch.
所述的模拟对象系统包括第一框架，第二框架，设置在第一框架上的空压机和压力储罐，设置在第二框架上部的上水箱、下水箱和热水锅炉，以及设置在第二框架下部的储水箱，其中，所述的上水箱、下水箱和热水锅炉均通过两条相同的管路与储水箱连通，所述的两条管路上分别设置有第一磁力循环泵和第二磁力循环泵，而所述的压力储罐和空压机连通。 The simulated object system includes a first frame, a second frame, an air compressor and a pressure storage tank arranged on the first frame, an upper water tank, a lower water tank and a hot water boiler arranged on the upper part of the second frame, and the The water storage tank at the lower part of the second frame, wherein, the upper water tank, the lower water tank and the hot water boiler are all communicated with the water storage tank through two identical pipelines, and the first magnetic circulation pumps are respectively arranged on the two pipelines and the second magnetic circulation pump, and the pressure storage tank communicates with the air compressor.
进一步，所述的设置有第一磁力循环泵的管路上还设置有电动执行机构，而所述的设置有第二磁力循环泵的管路上则设置有变频器，且所述的两条管路上均设置有流量计。 Further, the pipeline provided with the first magnetic circulation pump is also provided with an electric actuator, while the pipeline provided with the second magnetic circulation pump is provided with a frequency converter, and the two pipelines are All are equipped with flow meters.
另外，所述的上水箱和下水箱上分别设置有第一智能差压式液位变送器和第二智能差压式液位变送器。 In addition, the upper water tank and the lower water tank are respectively provided with a first intelligent differential pressure liquid level transmitter and a second intelligent differential pressure liquid level transmitter.
而所述的热水锅炉上设置有E型热电偶和铂热电阻。 And described hot water boiler is provided with E-type thermocouple and platinum thermal resistance.
所述的压力储罐和空压机之间的管路上设置有气动执行机构。且所述的压力储罐为三级储气罐，同时所述的压力储罐上设置有压力表和智能压力变送器。 A pneumatic actuator is arranged on the pipeline between the pressure storage tank and the air compressor. And the pressure storage tank is a three-stage gas storage tank, and the pressure storage tank is provided with a pressure gauge and an intelligent pressure transmitter.
此外，所述的常规仪表控制系统包括直流电源、指示仪表、控制仪表、记录仪表、操作器、变送器和执行器，所述的直流电源设置在仪表盘内，而所述的指示仪表、控制仪表、记录仪表、操作器、变送器和执行器设置在仪表盘上。 In addition, the conventional instrument control system includes a DC power supply, indicating instruments, control instruments, recording instruments, manipulators, transmitters and actuators, the DC power supply is arranged in the instrument panel, and the indicating instruments, Control instruments, recording instruments, manipulators, transmitters and actuators are arranged on the instrument panel.
进一步，所述的可编程控制系统包括PLC和变频器，所述的PLC设置在仪表盘内的支架上，而所述的变频器设置在仪表盘上，且所述的可编程控制系统同时与所述的变送器和执行器连通。 Further, the programmable control system includes a PLC and a frequency converter, the PLC is set on the bracket in the instrument panel, and the frequency converter is set on the instrument panel, and the programmable control system is simultaneously connected with The transmitter communicates with the actuator.
在所述的仪表盘上，还设置有电源控制及保护单元，所述的电源控制及保护单元包括空气开关、电压表和漏电保护器。当然，在仪表盘后还可以设置故障设置模块，通过所述的故障设置模块设置系统和仪表的故障，训练学生维护、调试和操作系统的能力。 A power control and protection unit is also provided on the instrument panel, and the power control and protection unit includes an air switch, a voltmeter and a leakage protector. Of course, a fault setting module can also be set behind the dashboard, through which the faults of the system and instruments can be set to train students' ability to maintain, debug and operate the system.
其中，模拟对象现场的仪表信号均通过仪表盘下方的插接扣与仪表盘连通，避免金属线裸露，避免线路短路对仪表和人身造成伤害。 Among them, the instrument signals on the site of the simulated object are connected to the instrument panel through the plug buckle under the instrument panel, so as to avoid the exposure of metal wires and avoid the short circuit of the line from causing damage to the instrument and the person.
所述的上位机包括多台电脑、一与多台电脑连通的服务器、以及设置在服务器上的三维力控工控软件。 The upper computer includes multiple computers, a server connected to the multiple computers, and 3D force control industrial control software set on the server.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明可进行常规仪表控制技术、PLC控制技术和计算机控制技术的实训；且可通过切换可以灵活方便使系统在常规仪表控制、PLC控制和计算机控制之间转换；另外，本发明控制参数齐全，包括压力、流量、温度和液位等参数的控制；控制类型齐全，包括单回路控制、串级控制、比值控制、前馈控制、均匀控制等；且控制系统接线方便，均通过仪表盘插接线的方式连接；各种控制间数据共享，即实时数据可以同时在仪表和上位机观察；而由于采用了网络版的工控组态软件，可以同时有多台上位机进行监控；此外，本发明不仅可进行控制系统的实训，还可进行仪表安装、调试、维修技能培训；而通过盘后的故障设置模块可以设置系统和仪表故障，训练学生维护、调试和操作系统的能力。 The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention can carry out the practical training of conventional instrument control technology, PLC control technology and computer control technology; and the system can be flexibly and conveniently switched between conventional instrument control, PLC control and computer control by switching; In addition, the present invention has complete control parameters, including the control of parameters such as pressure, flow, temperature and liquid level; complete control types, including single-loop control, cascade control, ratio control, feedforward control, uniform control, etc.; and the control system wiring Convenience, all are connected by plugging wires on the instrument panel; data sharing between various control rooms, that is, real-time data can be observed on the instrument and the host computer at the same time; and because of the use of the network version of the industrial control configuration software, there can be multiple host computers at the same time monitoring; in addition, the present invention can not only carry out the practical training of the control system, but also carry out instrument installation, debugging, and maintenance skills training; and through the fault setting module behind the disk, system and instrument faults can be set, and students can be trained to maintain, debug and operate system capabilities.
本发明所述的仪器和仪表采用的是插接连线，避免金属线裸露，避免线路短路对仪表和人身造成伤害。而由于所有仪表都集成在仪表盘的操作台上，其标准仪表每一个项目均可以共享使用，提高了仪表利用率，降低了装置成本。 The instrument and meter of the present invention adopt plug-in connection wires to avoid bare metal wires and avoid circuit short circuit from causing damage to the meter and the human body. And because all instruments are integrated on the console of the instrument panel, each item of the standard instrument can be shared, which improves the utilization rate of the instrument and reduces the cost of the device.
此外，本发明通过模拟工业生产设备，使学生充分感受工业现场气氛，可以组合出几十种不同的实训项目，可以进行常规仪表控制技术实训、PLC控制技术实训和计算机控制技术实训、单个仪表校验实训、自动检测系统实训、简单控制系统实训、复杂控制系统实训，并可以将实训数据通过计算机显示和记录，非常有利于学生系统地理解和学习自动化仪表和系统的理论知识，为培养自动化人才提供了一个高效平台，是集实验、实训、科研和综合开发的培训装置。 In addition, the present invention enables students to fully experience the atmosphere of the industrial site by simulating industrial production equipment, and can combine dozens of different training items, and can carry out conventional instrument control technology training, PLC control technology training and computer control technology training , Single instrument calibration training, automatic detection system training, simple control system training, complex control system training, and the training data can be displayed and recorded by computer, which is very helpful for students to systematically understand and learn automation instruments and The theoretical knowledge of the system provides an efficient platform for training automation talents, and it is a training device integrating experiment, practical training, scientific research and comprehensive development.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明一实施例的系统结构示意图； Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明所述的模拟对象系统的结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the simulated object system of the present invention.
附图中主要标记含义如下： The meanings of the main symbols in the drawings are as follows:
1、压力储罐 2、上水箱 3、下水箱 4、热水锅炉
1. Pressure storage tank 2.
5、储水箱 6、第一磁力循环泵7、第二磁力循环本8、电动执行机构 5. Water storage tank 6. The first magnetic circulation pump 7. The second magnetic circulation book 8. Electric actuator
9、流量计 10、空压机 11、气动执行机构
9.
12、智能压力变送器 13、第一智能差压式液位变送器 12. Intelligent pressure transmitter 13. The first intelligent differential pressure liquid level transmitter
14、第二智能差压式液位变送器 15、E型热电偶 16、铂热电阻
14. The second intelligent differential pressure
17、第一框架 18、第二框架。
17. The
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。 The present invention will be specifically introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
图1为本发明一实施例的系统结构示意图。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
如图1所示：过程控制综合实训装置，包括上位机、仪表盘、常规仪表控制系统、可编程控制系统和模拟对象系统，所述的上位机与可编程控制系统连通，而所述的可编程控制系统和常规仪表控制系统均设置在仪表盘上，而所述的模拟对象系统通过一切换开关k与所述的可编程控制系统和常规仪表控制系统切换连通。 As shown in Figure 1: the process control comprehensive training device includes a host computer, an instrument panel, a conventional instrument control system, a programmable control system and a simulated object system, the host computer communicates with the programmable control system, and the Both the programmable control system and the conventional instrument control system are arranged on the instrument panel, and the simulated object system is switched and communicated with the programmable control system and the conventional instrument control system through a switch k.
图2为本发明所述的模拟对象系统的结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the simulated object system of the present invention.
如图2所示：所述的模拟对象系统包括第一框架17，第二框架18，设置在第一框架17上的空压机10和压力储罐1，设置在第二框架18上部的上水箱2、下水箱3和热水锅炉4，以及设置在第二框架18下部的储水箱5，其中，所述的上水箱2、下水箱3和热水锅炉4均通过两条相同的管路与储水箱5连通，所述的两条管路上分别设置有第一磁力循环泵6和第二磁力循环泵7，而所述的压力储罐1和空压机10连通。
As shown in Figure 2: the simulated object system includes a
在本实施方式中，所述的设置有第一磁力循环泵6的管路上还设置有电动执行机构8，而所述的设置有第二磁力循环泵7的管路上则设置有变频器，且所述的两条管路上均设置有流量计9。另外，所述的上水箱2和下水箱3上分别设置有第一智能差压式液位变送器13和第二智能差压式液位变送器14。而所述的热水锅炉4上则设置有E型热电偶15和铂热电阻16。
In this embodiment, the pipeline provided with the first magnetic circulation pump 6 is also provided with an electric actuator 8, while the pipeline provided with the second magnetic circulation pump 7 is provided with a frequency converter, and A flow meter 9 is arranged on the two pipelines. In addition, the upper water tank 2 and the
此外，所述的压力储罐1和空压机10之间的管路上设置有气动执行机构11。且所述的压力储罐1为三级储气罐，同时所述的压力储罐1上设置有压力表和智能压力变送器12。
In addition, a pneumatic actuator 11 is provided on the pipeline between the pressure storage tank 1 and the
此外，所述的常规仪表控制系统包括直流电源、指示仪表、控制仪表、记录仪表、操作器、变送器和执行器，所述的直流电源设置在仪表盘内，而所述的指示仪表、控制仪表、记录仪表、操作器、变送器和执行器设置在仪表盘上。 In addition, the conventional instrument control system includes a DC power supply, indicating instruments, control instruments, recording instruments, manipulators, transmitters and actuators, the DC power supply is arranged in the instrument panel, and the indicating instruments, Control instruments, recording instruments, manipulators, transmitters and actuators are arranged on the instrument panel.
而所述的可编程控制系统则包括PLC和变频器，所述的PLC设置在仪表盘内的支架上，而所述的变频器设置在仪表盘上，且所述的可编程控制系统同时与所述的变送器和执行器连通，即所述的可编程控制系统与所述的常规仪表控制系统共用变送器和执行器。 The programmable control system includes a PLC and a frequency converter, the PLC is set on the bracket in the instrument panel, and the frequency converter is set on the instrument panel, and the programmable control system is simultaneously connected with the The transmitter is communicated with the actuator, that is, the programmable control system shares the transmitter and the actuator with the conventional instrument control system.
此外，在所述的仪表盘上，还可以设置有电源控制及保护单元，所述的电源控制及保护单元包括空气开关、电压表和漏电保护器。当然，在仪表盘后还可以设置故障设置模块，通过所述的故障设置模块设置系统和仪表的故障，训练学生维护、调试和操作系统的能力。 In addition, a power control and protection unit may also be provided on the instrument panel, and the power control and protection unit includes an air switch, a voltmeter and a leakage protector. Of course, a fault setting module can also be set behind the dashboard, through which the faults of the system and instruments can be set to train students' ability to maintain, debug and operate the system.
而模拟对象现场的仪表信号均通过仪表盘下方的插接扣与仪表盘连通，以避免金属线裸露，避免线路短路对仪表和人身造成伤害。 The instrument signals at the site of the simulated object are all connected to the instrument panel through the plug-in buckle under the instrument panel, so as to avoid the exposure of metal wires and avoid the short circuit of the line from causing damage to the instrument and the person.
此外，在本实施方式中，所述的上位机包括50台电脑、一与50台电脑连通的服务器、以及设置在服务器上的三维力控工控软件。 In addition, in this embodiment, the host computer includes 50 computers, a server connected to the 50 computers, and 3D force control industrial control software installed on the server.
本发明是将计算机技术、网络技术、可编程控制器技术、仪表技术、先进控制技术等应用在过程控制实训。主要的技术点在于： The present invention applies computer technology, network technology, programmable controller technology, instrument technology, advanced control technology, etc. to process control training. The main technical points are:
1、可以结合学校教学特点设计操作界面、控制方案（简单、复杂）选择，以及可以在上位机方便组态和切换； 1. It is possible to design the operation interface, control scheme (simple and complex) selection in combination with the teaching characteristics of the school, and it can be conveniently configured and switched on the host computer;
2、与工厂应用不同的是其参数(工艺、控制等)，可以根据教学及培训要求进行改动； 2. Different from factory applications, its parameters (process, control, etc.) can be changed according to teaching and training requirements;
3、调节参数变化引起的控制质量的变化可以由上位机在同一坐标的曲线进行比较，使学生容易理解和掌握调节参数变化对控制质量的影响； 3. The change of the control quality caused by the change of the adjustment parameter can be compared with the curve of the host computer at the same coordinate, so that students can easily understand and master the influence of the change of the adjustment parameter on the control quality;
4、可以通过上位机方便加入各类干扰（阶跃、速度、加速度等），研究系统性能； 4. It is convenient to add various disturbances (step, speed, acceleration, etc.) through the host computer to study system performance;
5、可以方便地在系统的不同位置加入干扰（对象、执行机构、调节机构等）、并对各种方案的控制质量进行自动分析比较，同时给出控制质量参数，如超调量、调节时间、振荡周期、控制余差等； 5. It is convenient to add disturbances (objects, actuators, adjustment agencies, etc.) in different positions of the system, and automatically analyze and compare the control quality of various schemes, and at the same time give control quality parameters, such as overshoot and adjustment time , oscillation period, control residual, etc.;
6、可人为地仿真设置故障，对学生进行系统维护与故障的分析、判断、排除等训练。 6. Faults can be simulated artificially, and students can be trained in system maintenance and fault analysis, judgment, and elimination.
7、各操作界面结合教学过程对相关技术层面的理论知识进行链接，（如系统的工作原理、调节过程、系统框图、系统接线图、各仪表的接线图、仪表说明书等），使高职学生在实训的同时可以与教学过程中的理论知识联系起来； 7. Each operation interface combines the teaching process to link the theoretical knowledge of the relevant technical level (such as the working principle of the system, the adjustment process, the system block diagram, the system wiring diagram, the wiring diagram of each instrument, the instrument manual, etc.), so that vocational students During the practical training, it can be connected with the theoretical knowledge in the teaching process;
8、在对系统实时控制操作训练的基础上，还可进行仿真操作。由于操作对象的局限性，一些复杂控制系统实现不了（如解耦系统），但可以通过仿真进行模拟操作； 8. On the basis of real-time control and operation training of the system, simulation operation can also be carried out. Due to the limitations of the operating objects, some complex control systems cannot be realized (such as decoupling systems), but they can be simulated through simulation;
9、常规仪表控制和计算机控制可方便切换，且两种控制系统在一方进行控制时，另一方可同时进行监测，使实训装置的有关数据均可在上位机上进行分析、处理和打印等。 9. Conventional instrument control and computer control can be easily switched, and when one of the two control systems is controlled, the other can simultaneously monitor, so that the relevant data of the training device can be analyzed, processed and printed on the host computer.
10、可以根据学生实际情况、以及培训目的不同，进行不同层次的训练，并可用于技能培训、对外培训和技能大赛。 10. Different levels of training can be carried out according to the actual situation of students and different training purposes, and can be used for skill training, external training and skill competitions.
本发明可组合几十种实训项目。其每个项目都是生产一线的具体应用技术项目，因此，实训可以采用项目化教学和任务驱动的教学模式，使学生完成一个完整全面的控制项目，达到全面系统地掌握过程控制技术。不仅适合各类高等院校对学生技能的训练，也适合企业职工的技能训练。 The present invention can combine dozens of practical training items. Each of its projects is a specific application technology project in the production line. Therefore, the training can adopt the project-based teaching and task-driven teaching mode, so that students can complete a complete and comprehensive control project and achieve a comprehensive and systematic mastery of process control technology. It is not only suitable for the training of students' skills in various colleges and universities, but also suitable for the skills training of enterprise employees.
上述实施例不以任何形式限制本发明，凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围内。 The above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention. the
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