CN102566597A - Photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking control method and control system thereof - Google Patents

Photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking control method and control system thereof Download PDF

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CN102566597A
CN102566597A CN2012100193768A CN201210019376A CN102566597A CN 102566597 A CN102566597 A CN 102566597A CN 2012100193768 A CN2012100193768 A CN 2012100193768A CN 201210019376 A CN201210019376 A CN 201210019376A CN 102566597 A CN102566597 A CN 102566597A
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tracking
weather
angle
module
wind
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CN102566597B (en
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伦淑娴
王巍
郭艳东
于鹏
郭兆正
周建壮
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Bohai University
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Abstract

一种光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制方法，步骤如下：构建光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制系统，选取多组雨、雪天气下辐射强度值及多云天气下的光强波动值，计算平均值，将天气状况分为晴、多云、雨雪，依照视日、光电跟踪的方法分别确定太阳的理论位置及追踪角，分配上述两种追踪角以加权系数，计算加权追踪角，由环境监测模块采集环境温度、风力、风向信息并分类，选择修正角，将其与加权追踪角相加得驱动角，驱动光伏电池方阵转动。一种光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制系统由天气监测模块、模糊综合评判跟踪监测太阳方位模块、环境监测模块、智能自适应跟踪控制模块，、电机驱动控制模块组成。优点是：监测精确、耗能少、发电效率高、驱动机构使用寿命长。

Figure 201210019376

An intelligent adaptive tracking control method for photovoltaic power generation, the steps are as follows: build an intelligent adaptive tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation, select multiple groups of radiation intensity values in rainy and snowy weather and light intensity fluctuation values in cloudy weather, calculate the average value, and The weather conditions are divided into sunny, cloudy, rainy and snowy. The theoretical position and tracking angle of the sun are respectively determined according to the sun and photoelectric tracking methods. The above two tracking angles are assigned with weighting coefficients to calculate the weighted tracking angle. The environmental monitoring module collects the The temperature, wind force, and wind direction information are classified, the correction angle is selected, and the driving angle is obtained by adding it to the weighted tracking angle to drive the photovoltaic cell square array to rotate. An intelligent adaptive tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation is composed of a weather monitoring module, a fuzzy comprehensive judgment tracking and monitoring sun orientation module, an environmental monitoring module, an intelligent adaptive tracking control module, and a motor drive control module. The advantages are: accurate monitoring, low energy consumption, high power generation efficiency, and long service life of the driving mechanism.

Figure 201210019376

Description

Photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method and control system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method and control system.
Background technology
Solar energy power generating be in the world today in the renewable energy source domain cleaning, reality, one of generation mode of the prospect of large-scale developing and utilizing is arranged most.The generated energy of photovoltaic cell square formation is relevant with the incident angle of sunshine in the photovoltaic generation, and generated energy is maximum when incident angle is 0 °.The photovoltaic generating automatic tracking control technology be exactly through to photovoltaic cell square formation plane towards control, regulate incident angle, to promote the efficient of electricity generation system, reduce the photovoltaic generation cost.At present, the tracking and monitoring mode that adopts of photovoltaic generating automatic tracking control technology mainly contains to look and day follows the tracks of and two kinds of photoelectric trackings.Describedly look day to follow the tracks of be exactly according to the position of the sun moving law calculating sun on daytime on high; And drive the photovoltaic cell square formation and follow the tracks of according to the result; This tracking mode is a kind of tracking mode of open loop; Be easy to generate error when calculating sun angle, and can not in time adjust after producing error, tracking accuracy is poor; Described photoelectric tracking is carried out real-time follow-up by the photoelectric monitor circuit to the sun exactly; This tracking mode is a kind of tracking mode of closed loop, can constantly revise the tracking orientation, but this tracking is often because the perhaps situation of error tracking appears not following the tracks of in weather problems; Particularly under cloudy weather; The photovoltaic cell square formation is advanced to follow the tracks of cloud layer edge bright spot, and the motor to-and-fro movement has caused the additional wear of energy dissipation and parts.All having certain limitation owing to look day to follow the tracks of with photoelectric tracking, so have the people to propose to look daily motion and photoelectric tracking combines, is main with photoelectric tracking, and it is auxilliary looking daily motion.Common way is to choose an electric signal threshold value as the standard of judging; During weather conditions such as, cloudy day cloudy when running into, light intensity is little, and the electric signal that produces on the photosensitive tube can be lower than preset threshold; System chooses automatically looks a day tracking mode, uses photoelectric tracking after weather takes a turn for the better.Yet the very difficult threshold value of confirming a science can't accurately be followed the tracks of.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention will solve provides a kind of photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method and control system of having taken all factors into consideration weather, environment, economy, with guarantee monitoring accurately, power consumption less, high, the driving mechanism long service life of generating efficiency.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method, its special character is that concrete steps are following:
1) makes up photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking control system; Described photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking control system is by the weather monitoring module; The fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module that is connected with the weather monitoring module; With fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module JA(junction ambient) monitoring modular; With the intelligent adaptive tracking Control module that weather monitoring module, environment monitoring module are connected respectively, the motor-driven control module that is connected with intelligent adaptive tracking Control module is formed;
2) choose the many group radiation intensity value u of local spring, summer, autumn and winter under rain, snow weather respectively SleetAnd the light-intensity variation value λ under the cloudy weather Cloudy, and calculate its mean value
Figure 423840DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
With
Figure 278663DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, mean value is imported in the weather monitoring module as benchmark;
3) by the real-time radiation intensity u of weather monitoring module collection, light-intensity variation value λ; And compare with radiation intensity mean value
Figure 58400DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, light-intensity variation mean value
Figure 391293DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
respectively; Shown in following table, weather conditions are divided into three kinds in fine, cloudy, sleet:
u >;
Figure 205665DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
 λ <;
Figure 962881DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
 Fine
u >;
Figure 229914DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
 λ ≥
Figure 366498DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
 Cloudy
u ≤
Figure 35376DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
 ? Sleet
4) according to the method for looking day tracking and photoelectric tracking by fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module and confirm the theoretical position of the sun respectively, and according to the definite tracking of theoretical position and the photovoltaic cell square formation position angle of the sun;
5) extract radiation intensity and the weather conditions that the weather monitoring module records by fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module; And calculate the magnitude of the meteorological index of sun power by radiation intensity; Magnitude and weather conditions according to the sun power index; Distribute respectively according to looking and day follow the tracks of the tracking angle that calculates with the photoelectric tracking method, and calculate weighting and follow the trail of angle φ with weighting coefficient;
6) gather environment temperature, wind-force, wind direction information by environment monitoring module; And environment temperature is divided into high temperature, two kinds of situation of normal temperature according to whether influencing photovoltaic cell square formation generating efficiency, with wind-force according to whether causing high wind, the two kinds of situation of weak wind of being divided into of damaging to the supporting construction of photovoltaic cell square formation;
7) by the information of relevant weather, environment temperature, wind-force in intelligent adaptive tracking Control module extraction weather monitoring module, the environment monitoring module, obtain correction angle φ ', correction angle φ ' is followed the trail of angle φ addition with weighting, obtain driving angle θ;
8) the motor-driven control module drives the photovoltaic cell square formation according to driving angle θ rotation.
Above-mentioned photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method is after obtaining weighting and following the trail of the angle, according to formula: the energy P that consumes in the energy P-tracing process of net energy Δ P=photovoltaic cell square formation conversion 1, calculate net energy, relatively the energy P of the photovoltaic cell square formation of net energy Δ P and current location conversion 0Size, as the energy P of the photovoltaic cell square formation of net energy Δ P and current location conversion 0Ratio is followed the tracks of during greater than threshold value, otherwise does not follow the tracks of.
Above-mentioned photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method is gathered uniformly not radiation intensity u under the same date different time sleety weather each season 5 ~ 15 times Sleet, the light-intensity variation value λ under the cloudy weather Cloudy, gather 5 ~ 10 collection points, interval 2min ~ 10min between per two collection points at every turn.
Above-mentioned photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method, the magnitude of the meteorological index of described sun power is according to the meteorology method solar energy to be divided into seven grades, be respectively very by force, by force, strong partially, medium, weak, weak, very a little less than.
Above-mentioned photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method, described high temperature is the temperature more than 35 ℃.
Above-mentioned photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method, described high wind refer to every photovoltaic cell is produced the wind of the above thrust of 2000N.
The photovoltaic power generation intelligent adaptive tracking control method for a weighting coefficient of the weighted distribution in the table below:? <tables num="0002"> <table > <tgroup cols = "4"> <colspec colname="c001" colwidth="31%" /> <colspec colname="c002" colwidth="13%" /> <colspec colname = "c003" colwidth = "27%" /> <colspec colname="c004" colwidth="27%" /> <tbody > <row > <entry morerows="1"> solar weather index middleweight </entry> <entry morerows="1"> weather conditions </entry> <entry morerows = "1"> as the day tracking weighting factor </entry> <entry morerows="1"> optical tracking weighting factor </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows="1"> strong </entry> <entry morerows="1"> clear </entry> <entry morerows = "1" > 0.1 ~ 0.3 </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0.9 ~ 0.7 </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows = " 1 "> Strong </entry> <entry morerows="1"> clear </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0.1 ~ 0.3 </entry> <entry morerows = "1"> 0.9 ~ 0.7 </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows="1"> stronger </entry> <entry morerows = "1"> Clear </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0.2 ~ 0.4 </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0.8 ~ 0.6 </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows="1"> stronger </entry> <entry morerows="1"> cloudy </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0.6 ~ 0.8 </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0.4 ~ 0.2 </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows="1"> Medium </entry> <entry morerows="1"> clear </entry> <entry morerows = "1"> 0.4 ~ 0.6 </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0.6 ~ 0.4 </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows =" 1 "> Medium </entry> <entry morerows="1"> cloudy </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0.1 ~ 0.3 </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0.1 ~ 0.3 </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows="1"> weaker </entry> <entry morerows="1"> clear </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0.4 ~ 0.6 </entry> <entry morerows = "1 "> 0.6 ~ 0.4 </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows="1"> weaker </entry> <entry morerows =" 1 "> Clear </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 1 </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0 </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows="1"> weak </entry> <entry morerows="1"> cloudy </entry> <entry morerows = "1"> 1 </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0 </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows = " 1 "> Weak </entry> <entry morerows="1"> snow </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 1 </entry> <entry morerows =" 1 "> 0 </entry> </row> <row > <entry morerows="1"> weak </entry> <entry morerows =" 1 "> snow </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 1 </entry> <entry morerows="1"> 0 </entry> < / row> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> </tables>
Above-mentioned photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method, the computing formula that the angle is followed the trail of in described weighting is φ=(A 1φ 1+ A 2φ 2), wherein, φ 1For calculating tracking angle, φ according to looking day method of tracking 2Follow the trail of angle, A for calculating according to the method for photoelectric tracking 1Be the φ that distributes to 1Weighting coefficient, A 2Be the φ that distributes to 2Weighting coefficient.
Above-mentioned photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method, the system of selection of described correction angle φ ' such as following table:
The meteorological index magnitude of sun power Environment temperature Wind conditions Correction angle φ '
More than more weak Normal temperature Weak wind 0°
More than more weak Normal temperature High wind When wind-force is not impacted the photovoltaic cell square formation, the minimum angles that the photovoltaic cell square formation turns over
More than more weak High temperature Weak wind 0.01°～0.5°
More than more weak High temperature High wind When wind-force is not impacted the photovoltaic cell square formation, the minimum angles that the photovoltaic cell square formation turns over
Below weak Normal temperature Weak wind 0°
Below weak Normal temperature High wind Photovoltaic cell goes to the angle-weighting of wind direction parallel position and follows the trail of angle φ
Below weak High temperature Weak wind 0.01°～0.5°
Below weak High temperature High wind Photovoltaic cell goes to the angle-weighting of wind direction parallel position and follows the trail of angle φ
A kind of photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking control system; Comprise the motor-driven control module; Its special character is: it also is provided with the weather monitoring module, and this weather monitoring module is by the radiation intensity sensor, the light-intensity variation sensor; With the analog to digital converter that radiation intensity sensor, light-intensity variation sensor are connected respectively, the weather that is used to compare and measure value and mean value and judge weather in view of the above that is connected with analog to digital converter detects processing unit and constitutes; Described weather monitoring module is connected with fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module; This fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module is by looking a day tracking means; Photoelectronic tracking device calculates the fuzzy comprehensive evoluation detection algorithm processing unit that weighting follows the trail of the angle with being used to of looking a day tracking means, photoelectronic tracking device be connected respectively and forms; Described fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module is connected with intelligent adaptive tracking Control module, and this intelligent adaptive tracking Control module is one and is used for according to light intensity, temperature, wind-force the intelligent adaptive tracking Control processing unit that angle φ revises being followed the trail of in weighting; Described intelligent adaptive tracking Control module is connected with environment monitoring module; This environment monitoring module is by temperature sensor; Wind sensor; Wind transducer, with the analog to digital converter that temperature sensor, wind sensor, wind transducer are connected respectively, the environmental monitoring processing unit composition that is used to distinguish temperature height, wind-force size that is connected with analog to digital converter; Described intelligent adaptive tracking Control module is connected respectively with motor drive module with the weather monitoring module.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: chosen the many groups radiation intensity value u under local many group rain, the snow weather SleetAnd the light-intensity variation value λ under the cloudy weather Cloudy, and calculate its mean value as benchmark, and benchmark is chosen rationally, and the result of calculation reliability is high; Detect the solar azimuth module owing to adopted fuzzy overall evaluation to follow the tracks of; Replaced existing accurate threshold value with the fuzzy overall evaluation track algorithm; Be equipped with weighting coefficient with looking the tracking angle that draws of day tracking with photoelectric tracking according to the weather condition branch, and calculate weighting tracking angle, the weighting of confirming thus tracking angle more accurately, rationally; Avoided under cloudy weather adopting photoelectric tracking cloud layer edge bright spot, motor to-and-fro movement and the energy dissipation and the parts additional wear that cause; The angle is followed the trail of in weighting revise with reference to environment temperature, wind-force, wind direction; Reduced the influence of high temperature to photovoltaic cell square formation generating efficiency; Avoided the infringement of high wind, improved generating efficiency, prolonged the serviceable life of photovoltaic cell square formation photovoltaic cell square formation supporting construction.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system construction drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a fundamental diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure: weather monitoring module 1, radiation intensity sensor 101, light-intensity variation sensor 102, analog to digital converter 103; Weather detects processing unit 104, and fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module 2 is looked day tracking means 201, photoelectronic tracking device 202; Fuzzy comprehensive evoluation detection algorithm processing unit 203, environment monitoring module 3, temperature sensor 301, wind sensor 302; Wind transducer 303, analog to digital converter 304, environmental monitoring processing unit 305; Intelligent adaptive tracking Control module 4, intelligent adaptive tracking Control processing unit 401, motor-driven control module 5.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1; This photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking control system comprises motor-driven control module 5, weather monitoring module 1; Described weather monitoring module 1 is by radiation intensity sensor 101; Light-intensity variation sensor 102, with the analog to digital converter 103 that radiation intensity sensor 101, light-intensity variation sensor 102 are connected respectively, the weather that is used to compare and measure value and mean value and judge weather in view of the above that is connected with analog to digital converter 103 detects processing unit 104 and constitutes; On weather monitoring module 1, be connected with fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module 2; Described fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module 2 is by looking day tracking means 201; Photoelectronic tracking device 202 calculates the fuzzy comprehensive evoluation detection algorithm processing unit 203 that weighting follows the trail of the angle with being used to of looking day tracking means 201, photoelectronic tracking device 202 be connected respectively and forms; On fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module 2, be connected with intelligent adaptive tracking Control module 4, described intelligent adaptive tracking Control module 4 is one and is used for according to light intensity, temperature, wind-force the intelligent adaptive tracking Control processing unit 401 that angle φ revises being followed the trail of in weighting; On intelligent adaptive tracking Control module 4, be connected with environment monitoring module 3; Described environment monitoring module 3 is by temperature sensor 301; Wind sensor 302; Wind transducer 303, with the analog to digital converter 304 that temperature sensor 301, wind sensor 302, wind transducer 303 are connected respectively, environmental monitoring processing unit 305 compositions that are used to distinguish temperature height, wind-force size that are connected with analog to digital converter 304; Described intelligent adaptive tracking Control module 4 is connected respectively with motor drive module with weather monitoring module 1.
As shown in Figure 2, the concrete steps of this photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking and controlling method are following:
1) makes up photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking control system; Described photovoltaic generation intelligent adaptive tracking control system is by weather monitoring module 1; The fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module 2 that is connected with weather monitoring module 1; With fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module 2 JA(junction ambient) monitoring modulars 3; With the intelligent adaptive tracking Control module 4 that weather monitoring module 1, environment monitoring module 3 are connected respectively, the motor-driven control module 5 that is connected with intelligent adaptive tracking Control module 4 is formed.
2) choose the many groups radiation intensity value u under same date different time rain, the snow weather not of local spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively SleetAnd the light-intensity variation value λ under the cloudy weather Cloudy, described light-intensity variation value is the time dependent speed of light intensity, and calculates its mean value
Figure 28740DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
With
Figure 720753DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, 5 ~ 10 collection points of 5 ~ 15 each collections of uniform collection in each season, interval 2min ~ 10min imports mean value in the weather monitoring module 1 as benchmark between per two collection points.In the present embodiment adopting 10 times, each 8 collection points, between per two collection points at interval 5min be example, obtain under the Lateral Pressure Test in Jinzhou Area rainy weather in summer
Figure 457764DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Be 7W/m 2, under the cloudy weather
Figure 981150DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Be 5 W/m 2H, reality is not limited by present embodiment.
3) gather real-time radiation intensity u, light-intensity variation value λ by weather monitoring module 1; And compare with radiation intensity mean value
Figure 348677DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, light-intensity variation mean value
Figure 590303DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
respectively; Shown in following table, weather conditions are divided into three kinds in fine, cloudy, sleet:
u >;
Figure 865426DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
 λ <;
Figure 446580DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
 Fine
u >;
Figure 781747DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
 λ ≥
Figure 448351DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
 Cloudy
u ≤
Figure 527166DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
 ? Sleet
In the present embodiment, with real-time radiation intensity u=21W/m 2, light-intensity variation value λ=6 W/m 2H is an example, and through relatively knowing, weather conditions in real time are cloudy.
4) follow the tracks of the theoretical position of confirming the sun with the method for photoelectric tracking respectively by fuzzy comprehensive evoluation tracking and monitoring solar azimuth module 2 day according to looking; And confirm the tracking angle according to the theoretical position of the sun and photovoltaic cell square formation position, described tracking angle equates with the incident angle of current location sunshine.In the present embodiment, to look day definite tracking angle φ of tracking 1=2.4 °, the definite tracking angle φ of photoelectric tracking 2=2.8 ° is example, and reality is not limited by present embodiment.
5) by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to monitor solar azimuth tracking module 2 extraction weather monitoring module 1 measured radiation intensity and weather conditions, the radiation intensity calculated by the magnitude of the solar weather index, the magnitude of the solar weather index is based on the meteorological Learning Methods solar energy is divided into seven levels, namely very strong, strong, strong side, moderate, weak, weak, very weak; according to the magnitude of the solar index and weather conditions, in accordance with the following table are assigned as the day tracking with optical tracking method to calculate the weighted coefficient tracking angle:?
solar weather index middleweight weather conditions depending Day Tracking weighting factor optical tracking weighting factor
strong clear 0.1 ~ 0.3 0.9 ~ 0.7
strong Clear 0.1 ~ 0.3 0.9 ~ 0.7
stronger Clear 0.2 ~ 0.4 0.8 ~ 0.6
stronger cloudy 0.6 ~ 0.8 0.4 ~ 0.2
Medium clear 0.4 ~ 0.6 0.6 ~ 0.4
Medium cloudy 0.1 ~ 0.3 0.1 ~ 0.3
weaker Clear 0.4 ~ 0.6 0.6 ~ 0.4
weaker cloudy 1 0
Weak cloudy 1 0
weak snow 1 0
weak snow 1 0
And according to formula φ=(A 1φ 1+ A 2φ 2) calculating weighting tracking angle φ, wherein A 1Be the φ that distributes to 1Weighting coefficient, A 2Be the φ that distributes to 2Weighting coefficient.In the present embodiment, for being partially by force example, weather conditions are cloudy, so A with the meteorological index magnitude of sun power 1=0.7, A 2=0.3, calculate weighting according to formula and follow the trail of angle φ=2.52 °.
6) after obtaining weighting tracking angle, the energy P that consumes in the energy P-tracing process according to the conversion of formula net energy Δ P=photovoltaic cell square formation 1, calculate net energy, calculate the energy P of the photovoltaic cell square formation conversion of net energy Δ P and current location 0Ratio, when ratio is followed the tracks of during greater than threshold value, otherwise do not follow the tracks of, described threshold value is 1～1.2, threshold value equals 1 in the present embodiment.In the present embodiment; Energy with every photovoltaic cell conversion is the energy of every photovoltaic cell mean consumption 2.1W in 230W, the tracing process; The energy of current photovoltaic cell conversion is 227..7W; So net energy is greater than the energy of the photovoltaic cell square formation conversion of current location, motor-driven control module 5 drives the photovoltaic cell square formation and follows the trail of.
7) gather environment temperatures, wind-force, wind direction information by environment monitoring module 3, and environment temperature is divided into high temperature, two kinds of situation of normal temperature according to whether influencing photovoltaic cell square formation generating efficiency, described high temperature is the temperature more than 35 ℃; With wind-force according to whether causing high wind, the two kinds of situation of weak wind of being divided into of damaging to the supporting construction of photovoltaic cell square formation; Described high wind refers to every photovoltaic cell is produced the wind of the above thrust of 2000N; In the present embodiment; With 24 ℃, moderate gale be the angle of example, wind direction and photovoltaic battery panel to be 31 ° be example, reality is not limited by present embodiment.
8) extract the information of relevant weather, environment temperature, wind-force in weather monitoring module 1, the environment monitoring module 3 by intelligent adaptive tracking Control module 4, obtain correction angle φ ', the system of selection of described correction angle φ ' such as following table:
The meteorological index magnitude of sun power Temperature conditions Wind conditions Correction angle φ '
More than more weak Normal temperature Weak wind 0°
More than more weak Normal temperature High wind When wind-force is not impacted the photovoltaic cell square formation, the minimum angles that the photovoltaic cell square formation turns over
More than more weak High temperature Weak wind 0.01°～0.5°
More than more weak High temperature High wind When wind-force is not impacted the photovoltaic cell square formation, the minimum angles that the photovoltaic cell square formation turns over
Below weak Normal temperature Weak wind 0°
Below weak Normal temperature High wind Photovoltaic cell goes to the angle-weighting of wind direction parallel position and follows the trail of angle φ
Below weak High temperature Weak wind 0.01°～0.5°
Below weak High temperature High wind (photovoltaic cell goes to the angle-weighting of wind direction parallel position and follows the trail of angle φ)
Correction angle φ ' is followed the trail of angle φ addition with weighting, obtain driving angle θ.In the present embodiment, because 6 grades of wind-force, the pressure that wind produces is 120N/ ㎡, and the area of every solar panel is an example with 25 ㎡, and the thrust that then receives is 1545N, less than 2000N, so correction angle φ '=0 ° drives angle θ=2.52 °.
9) the motor-driven control module drive the photovoltaic cell square formation according to drive the identical angular turn of angle θ.

Claims (10)

1.一种光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制方法，其特征是： 1. A photovoltaic power generation intelligent adaptive tracking control method, characterized in that: 1）构建光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制系统，所述的光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制系统由天气监测模块，与天气监测模块连接的模糊综合评判跟踪监测太阳方位模块，与模糊综合评判跟踪监测太阳方位模块连接环境监测模块，与天气监测模块、环境监测模块分别连接的智能自适应跟踪控制模块，与智能自适应跟踪控制模块连接的电机驱动控制模块组成； 1) Build a photovoltaic power generation intelligent adaptive tracking control system. The photovoltaic power generation intelligent adaptive tracking control system consists of a weather monitoring module, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation tracking and monitoring sun orientation module connected to the weather monitoring module, and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation tracking monitoring sun orientation module. The azimuth module is connected to the environmental monitoring module, the intelligent adaptive tracking control module connected to the weather monitoring module and the environmental monitoring module respectively, and the motor drive control module connected to the intelligent adaptive tracking control module; 2）分别选取当地春夏秋冬在雨、雪天气下的多组辐射强度值u雨雪及多云天气下的光强波动值λ多云，并计算其平均值                                                
Figure 666653DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
与，将平均值作为基准输入天气监测模块中； 2) Select multiple sets of radiation intensity values u in rainy and snowy weather and light intensity fluctuation value λcloudy in rainy and snowy weather in spring, summer, autumn and winter in the local area respectively, and calculate their average value
Figure 666653DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
and , input the average value as a benchmark into the weather monitoring module; 3）由天气监测模块采集实时辐射强度u、光强波动值λ，并分别与辐射强度平均值
Figure 201988DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
、光强波动平均值进行比较，按照下表所示，将天气状况分为晴、多云、雨雪三种： 3) The real-time radiation intensity u and light intensity fluctuation value λ are collected by the weather monitoring module and compared with the average radiation intensity
Figure 201988DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, average light intensity fluctuation For comparison, according to the following table, the weather conditions are divided into three types: sunny, cloudy, and rainy and snowy: u > u > λ <
Figure 441842DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
λ <
Figure 441842DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
 晴clear u >
Figure 689896DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
u >
Figure 689896DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
 λ ≥
Figure 110513DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
λ≥
Figure 110513DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
 多云partly cloudy u ≤
Figure 645400DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
u ≤
Figure 645400DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
  the 雨雪rain and snow
4）由模糊综合评判跟踪监测太阳方位模块依照视日跟踪与光电跟踪的方法分别确定太阳的理论位置，并依照太阳的理论位置与光伏电池方阵所在位置确定追踪角； 4) The sun azimuth tracking module is tracked and monitored by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to determine the theoretical position of the sun according to the sun tracking and photoelectric tracking methods, and determine the tracking angle according to the theoretical position of the sun and the position of the photovoltaic cell square array; 5）由模糊综合评判跟踪监测太阳方位模块提取天气监测模块测得的辐射强度及天气状况，并由辐射强度计算太阳能气象指数的量级，根据太阳能指数的量级及天气状况，分别分配依照视日跟踪与光电跟踪方法计算出的追踪角以加权系数，并计算加权追踪角φ； 5) The radiation intensity and weather conditions measured by the weather monitoring module are extracted by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation tracking and monitoring module of the sun, and the magnitude of the solar meteorological index is calculated from the radiation intensity. The tracking angle calculated by the daily tracking and photoelectric tracking methods is weighted by the coefficient, and the weighted tracking angle φ is calculated; 6）由环境监测模块采集环境温度、风力、风向信息，并将环境温度按照是否影响光伏电池方阵发电效率分为高温、常温二种情况，将风力按照是否会对光伏电池方阵的支撑结构造成损坏分为强风、弱风二种情况； 6) The environmental monitoring module collects information on ambient temperature, wind force, and wind direction, and divides the ambient temperature into high temperature and normal temperature according to whether it affects the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell array. The damage caused can be divided into strong wind and weak wind; 7）由智能自适应跟踪控制模块提取天气监测模块、环境监测模块中有关天气、环境温度、风力的信息，得到修正角φ’，将修正角φ’与加权追踪角φ相加，得到驱动角θ； 7) The intelligent adaptive tracking control module extracts information about weather, ambient temperature, and wind from the weather monitoring module and the environmental monitoring module to obtain the correction angle φ', and add the correction angle φ' to the weighted tracking angle φ to obtain the driving angle θ; 8）电机驱动控制模块驱动光伏电池方阵按照驱动角θ转动。 8) The motor drive control module drives the photovoltaic cell square array to rotate according to the drive angle θ. 2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制方法，其特征是：在得到加权追踪角后，依据公式净能量ΔP=光伏电池方阵转换的能量P－追踪过程中消耗的能量P1，计算出净能量，计算净能量ΔP与当前位置的光伏电池方阵转换的能量P0的比值，当该比值大于阈值时进行跟踪，否则不进行跟踪。 2. The photovoltaic power generation intelligent adaptive tracking control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after obtaining the weighted tracking angle, according to the formula net energy ΔP=energy converted by photovoltaic cell square array P-energy consumed in the tracking process P 1 , calculate the net energy, calculate the ratio of the net energy ΔP to the energy P 0 converted by the photovoltaic cell square array at the current position, track when the ratio is greater than the threshold, otherwise do not track. 3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制方法，其特征是：所述的阈值为1～1.2。 3. The photovoltaic power generation intelligent adaptive tracking control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the threshold is 1-1.2. 4.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制方法，其特征是：每个季节均匀的采集5~15次不同日期不同时间雨雪天气下辐射强度u雨雪、多云天气下的光强波动值λ多云，每次采集5~10个采集点，每两个采集点之间间隔2min~10min。 4. The photovoltaic power generation intelligent self-adaptive tracking control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: uniformly collect 5 to 15 times of radiation intensity u under rainy and snowy weather and cloudy weather on different dates and different times in each season The light intensity fluctuation value λ is cloudy , 5 to 10 collection points are collected each time, and the interval between each two collection points is 2min to 10min. 5.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制方法，其特征是：所述的太阳能气象指数的量级是依据气象学方法将太阳能量分为七个等级，分别为很强、强、偏强、中等、较弱、弱、很弱。 5. The photovoltaic power generation intelligent self-adaptive tracking control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the magnitude of the solar meteorological index is to divide solar energy into seven grades according to meteorological methods, which are respectively very strong, Strong, Strong, Moderate, Weak, Weak, Very Weak. 6.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制方法，其特征是：所述的高温为35℃以上的温度，所述的强风指指对每块光伏电池产生2000N以上推力的风。 6. The photovoltaic power generation intelligent adaptive tracking control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high temperature is above 35°C, and the strong wind refers to the wind that produces a thrust of more than 2000N on each photovoltaic cell . 7.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制方法，其特征是：所述的加权加权系数的分配情况见下表： 7. The photovoltaic power generation intelligent adaptive tracking control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distribution of the weighted weighting coefficients is shown in the following table: 太阳能气象指数量级Solar weather index magnitude 天气情况weather conditions 视日跟踪加权系数Weighting coefficient for visual tracking 光电跟踪加权系数Photoelectric tracking weighting coefficient 很强very strong 晴clear 0.1～0.30.1～0.3 0.9～0.70.9～0.7 强powerful 晴clear 0.1～0.30.1～0.3 0.9～0.70.9～0.7 偏强On the strong side 晴clear 0.2～0.40.2～0.4 0.8～0.60.8～0.6 偏强On the strong side 多云partly cloudy 0.6～0.80.6～0.8 0.4～0.20.4～0.2 中等medium 晴clear 0.4～0.60.4～0.6 0.6～0.40.6～0.4 中等medium 多云partly cloudy 0.1～0.30.1～0.3 0.1～0.30.1～0.3 较弱weaker 晴clear 0.4～0.60.4～0.6 0.6～0.40.6～0.4 较弱weaker 多云partly cloudy 11 00 弱weak 多云partly cloudy 11 00 弱weak 雨雪rain and snow 11 00 很弱very weak 雨雪rain and snow 11 00
。 . 8.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制方法，其特征是：所述的加权追踪角的计算公式为φ=（A1φ1+A2φ2），其中，φ1为依照视日跟踪的方法计算追踪角，φ2为依照光电跟踪的方法计算追踪角， A1为分配给的φ1加权系数，A2为分配给的φ2加权系数。 8. The photovoltaic power generation intelligent adaptive tracking control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the formula for calculating the weighted tracking angle is φ=(A 1 φ 1 +A 2 φ 2 ), where φ 1 In order to calculate the tracking angle according to the solar tracking method, φ 2 is to calculate the tracking angle according to the photoelectric tracking method, A 1 is the weighting coefficient assigned to φ 1 , and A 2 is the weighting coefficient assigned to φ 2 . 9.根据权利要求1所述的光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制方法，其特征是：所述的修正角φ’的选择方法如下表： 9. The photovoltaic power generation intelligent adaptive tracking control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selection method of the correction angle φ' is as follows: 太阳能气象指数量级Solar weather index magnitude 环境温度ambient temperature 风力情况wind conditions 修正角φ’Correction angle φ’ 较弱以上weaker than 常温room temperature 弱风weak wind 0°0° 较弱以上weaker than 常温room temperature 强风Gale 使风力不对光伏电池方阵造成影响时，光伏电池方阵转过的最小角度When the wind force does not affect the photovoltaic cell square array, the minimum angle that the photovoltaic cell square array turns 较弱以上weaker than 高温high temperature 弱风weak wind 1°～5°1°～5° 较弱以上weaker than 高温high temperature 强风Gale 使风力不对光伏电池方阵造成影响时，光伏电池方阵转过的最小角度When the wind force does not affect the photovoltaic cell square array, the minimum angle that the photovoltaic cell square array turns 弱以下below weak 常温room temperature 弱风weak wind 0°0° 弱以下below weak 常温room temperature 强风Gale 光伏电池转至与风向平行位置的角度－加权追踪角φThe angle at which the photovoltaic cell turns to a position parallel to the wind direction - weighted tracking angle φ 弱以下below weak 高温high temperature 弱风weak wind 1°～5°1°～5° 弱以下below weak 高温high temperature 强风Gale 光伏电池转至与风向平行位置的角度－加权追踪角φThe angle at which the photovoltaic cell rotates to a position parallel to the wind direction - weighted tracking angle φ
。 . 10.一种光伏发电智能自适应跟踪控制系统，包括电机驱动控制模块，其特征是：它还设有天气监测模块，该天气监测模块由辐射强度传感器，光强波动传感器，与辐射强度传感器、光强波动传感器分别连接的模数转换器，与模数转换器连接的用于比较测量值与平均值并据此判断天气的天气检测处理单元构成；所述的天气监测模块连接有模糊综合评判跟踪监测太阳方位模块，该模糊综合评判跟踪监测太阳方位模块由视日跟踪装置，光电跟踪装置，与视日跟踪装置、光电跟踪装置分别连接的用于计算加权追踪角的模糊综合评判检测算法处理单元组成；所述的模糊综合评判跟踪监测太阳方位模块连接有智能自适应跟踪控制模块，该智能自适应跟踪控制模块为一个用于根据光强、温度、风力对加权追踪角φ进行修正的智能自适应跟踪控制处理单元；所述的智能自适应跟踪控制模块连接有环境监测模块，该环境监测模块由温度传感器，风力传感器，风向传感器，与温度传感器、风力传感器、风向传感器分别连接的模数转换器，与模数转换器连接的用于区分温度高低、风力大小的环境监测处理单元组成；所述的智能自适应跟踪控制模块与天气监测模块与电机驱动模块分别连接。 10. An intelligent adaptive tracking control system for photovoltaic power generation, including a motor drive control module, is characterized in that: it is also provided with a weather monitoring module, and the weather monitoring module is composed of a radiation intensity sensor, a light intensity fluctuation sensor, and a radiation intensity sensor, The analog-to-digital converters connected to the light intensity fluctuation sensors respectively, and the weather detection processing unit connected to the analog-to-digital converters for comparing the measured value with the average value and judging the weather accordingly; the described weather monitoring module is connected with a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation Tracking and monitoring sun azimuth module, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation tracking and monitoring sun azimuth module is processed by the solar tracking device, the photoelectric tracking device, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation detection algorithm respectively connected with the solar tracking device and the photoelectric tracking device for calculating the weighted tracking angle The unit is composed of; the described fuzzy comprehensive evaluation tracking and monitoring sun orientation module is connected with an intelligent adaptive tracking control module, which is an intelligent intelligent tracking control module for correcting the weighted tracking angle φ according to light intensity, temperature and wind power. Adaptive tracking control processing unit; the intelligent adaptive tracking control module is connected with an environmental monitoring module, the environmental monitoring module is composed of a temperature sensor, a wind sensor, a wind direction sensor, and a module respectively connected with the temperature sensor, the wind sensor, and the wind direction sensor The converter is composed of an environmental monitoring processing unit connected with the analog-to-digital converter for distinguishing the temperature and the wind force; the intelligent adaptive tracking control module is connected with the weather monitoring module and the motor drive module respectively.
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