CN111399548A - Control method of tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying weather types - Google Patents
Control method of tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying weather types Download PDFInfo
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- CN111399548A CN111399548A CN202010227642.0A CN202010227642A CN111399548A CN 111399548 A CN111399548 A CN 111399548A CN 202010227642 A CN202010227642 A CN 202010227642A CN 111399548 A CN111399548 A CN 111399548A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of intelligent control, and discloses a control method of a tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying weather types, which is used for controlling a photovoltaic module. The control method comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring weather data of a local area; step 2, calculating a weather type index according to weather data, and dividing the weather of the area into different weather types; step 3, determining the real-time weather type of the area; step 4, calculating a solar altitude angle and a solar azimuth angle; step 5, selecting different tracking control modes according to weather types; step 6, judging the solar altitude: if the solar altitude is greater than or equal to 10 degrees, returning to the step 2; and if the solar altitude is less than 10 degrees, stopping working. The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, provided by the invention, can adopt corresponding tracking strategies under different weather states so as to obtain the maximum radiation energy and reduce the adjustment and operation energy consumption of the tracking system.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of intelligent control, in particular to a control method of a tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying weather types.
Background
The incident total radiation is the energy source of the photovoltaic array and directly determines the photovoltaic system output. The factors influencing the incident total radiation of the photovoltaic array are mainly two, one is the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic array, and the other is the inclination angle of the photovoltaic array relative to the horizontal plane. The installation of photovoltaic modules in a photovoltaic power generation system is not only fixed, but also has an installation mode of tracking the position of the sun in real time, namely, a tracking mode is adopted to obtain the maximum incident radiation energy. In the horizon coordinate system, tracking of the solar altitude and azimuth is generally adopted, and the motion dimension can be classified into one-dimensional (rotating around a single axis) and two-dimensional (rotating around a double axis).
For the control and performance problems of the tracking photovoltaic system, a great deal of research has been carried out by researchers at home and abroad. However, the total solar radiation resources are different due to the differences of the geographical climate environments in different areas, and the differences of the distribution of the solar radiation components in different areas and weather climates are more obvious, so that the performance of one set of photovoltaic power generation system in different areas is obviously different due to the factors, and the most suitable tracking mode in each area is often fuzzy.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather types, provided by the invention, the corresponding tracking strategies are adopted under different weather states, so that the maximum radiation energy can be obtained, and the adjustment and operation energy consumption of the tracking system are reduced.
The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type is used for controlling the photovoltaic module to enable the photovoltaic module to face the sun. A control method of a tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying weather types comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining weather data of a local area, wherein the weather data comprises total horizontal plane radiation, normal horizontal plane radiation, total cloud cover and definition, and entering step 2; step 2, calculating a direct incidence ratio, a corrected definition and total cloud amount data according to weather data, then calculating a weather type index according to the direct incidence ratio, the corrected definition and the total cloud amount data, finally dividing the weather of the area into a weather type 1, a weather type 2 and a weather type 3 through a K-means clustering algorithm, and entering step 3; step 3, acquiring measured data of the weather of the area, determining the real-time weather type of the area, and entering step 4; step 4, calculating the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle of the current moment and the next integral point moment, and entering step 5; step 5, controlling the photovoltaic component by selecting different tracking control modes according to the weather type of the region, and entering step 6; step 6, judging the solar altitude: if the solar altitude is greater than or equal to 10 degrees, returning to the step 2; and if the solar altitude is less than 10 degrees, stopping working.
The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, provided by the invention, can also have the following characteristics:
wherein, the calculation formula of the definition is as follows:
wherein I is the total solar radiation in the horizontal plane, I0Is the solar radiation at the level of the outer layer of the atmosphere.
The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, provided by the invention, can also have the following characteristics:
wherein, the calculation formula of the correction definition is as follows:
wherein, k'TIs the corrected sharpness, and m is the atmospheric mass.
The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, provided by the invention, can also have the following characteristics:
the calculation formula of the weather type index is as follows: SCF ═ w1Bd+w2k'T+w3(1-C)
Wherein, w1、w2And w3Is a weight factor, and w1、w2And w3The sum of (1), C is the total cloud number, and Bd is the direct ratio.
The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, provided by the invention, can also have the following characteristics: wherein weather type 1 includes: sunny, cloudy-sunny, and cloudy-sunny; weather type 2 includes: cloudy, cloudy to cloudy, and cloudy to cloudy; weather type 3 includes light rain, gust rain, light snow, fog, haze, mid rain, weather above mid rain, mid snow, and weather above mid snow.
The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, provided by the invention, can also have the following characteristics: the solar altitude angle calculation method comprises the following steps: northern hemisphere:
southern hemisphere:
the solar azimuth calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein, αsIs the solar altitude, gamma is the solar azimuth,
the local latitude is the local declination angle.
The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, provided by the invention, can also have the following characteristics: wherein, in step 5: when the current weather type is determined to be type 1, controlling the photovoltaic module to track the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle in a double-axis tracking mode; when the current weather type is determined to be type 2, controlling the photovoltaic module to track the sun azimuth angle in a single tracking mode; and when the current weather type is determined to be 3, calculating the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle at the end of the next hour through an astronomical algorithm, and adjusting the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module to be consistent with the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle at the end of the next hour.
The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, provided by the invention, can also have the following characteristics: wherein the time for acquiring the weather data is approximately 1 year to 3 years.
The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, provided by the invention, can also have the following characteristics: in step 6, when the photovoltaic module stops working, the inclination angle is set to 180 degrees, and the azimuth angle is set to the east.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, provided by the invention, when the photovoltaic component is controlled, the following steps are included: step 1, acquiring weather data of the area, and entering step 2; step 2, receiving weather data to calculate a direct incidence ratio, a corrected definition and total cloud volume data, calculating a weather type index through the direct incidence ratio, the corrected definition and the total cloud volume data, dividing the weather of the area into a weather type 1, a weather type 2 and a weather type 3 through a K-means clustering algorithm, and entering step 3; step 3, acquiring measured data of the weather of the area, determining the weather type of the area, and entering step 4; step 4, calculating the positions of the solar altitude angle and the azimuth angle at the moment and the next integral point moment according to the current date and time, and entering step 5; step 5, controlling the photovoltaic component by selecting different tracking control modes according to the weather type of the area, and entering step 6; step 6, judging the solar altitude: if the solar altitude is greater than or equal to 10 degrees, returning to the step 2; if the solar altitude angle is less than 10 degrees, the control method stops working, so that the control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type can adopt corresponding tracking strategies under different weather states, not only can obtain the maximum radiation energy, but also can reduce the adjustment and operation energy consumption of the tracking system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a control method of a tracking photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying weather types according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating solar azimuth and elevation calculations according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating effects of a control method for a tracking-type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying weather types according to an embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is specifically described below by combining the embodiment and the attached drawings.
< example >
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a control method of a tracking photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying weather types according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the control method of a tracking photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying a weather type provided by this embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1, weather data of a local area in the last two years is acquired, wherein the weather data comprises: and (3) carrying out total horizontal plane radiation, normal horizontal plane radiation, total cloud amount and definition in the step (2).
And 2, receiving weather data, calculating a direct incidence ratio, a corrected definition and total cloud amount data, weighting the direct incidence ratio, the corrected definition and the total cloud amount data to calculate a weather type index, and dividing the weather of the area into a weather type 1, a weather type 2 and a weather type 3 through a K-means clustering algorithm. Weather type 1 includes: sunny, cloudy-sunny, and cloudy-sunny; weather type 2 includes: cloudy, cloudy to cloudy, and cloudy to cloudy; weather type 3 includes light rain, gust rain, light snow, haze, mid rain, weather above mid rain, mid snow, and weather above mid snow; step 3 is entered.
Wherein, the calculation formula of the definition is as follows:
wherein I is the total solar radiation in the horizontal plane, I0Is the solar radiation at the level of the outer layer of the atmosphere.
The correction definition calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein, k'TIs the corrected sharpness, m is the mass of the atmosphere,
the formula for calculating the weather type index is as follows: SCF ═ w1Bd+w2k'T+w3(1-C)
Wherein, w1、w2And w3Is a weight factor, and w1、w2And w3The sum of (1), C is the total cloud number, and Bd is the direct radiation ratio, i.e., the ratio of the normal radiation to the total radiation in the horizontal plane.
It should be noted that the weather type index is influenced by the exposure ratio, the correction definition and the total transportation amount, when a factor influences the weather type index with a large specific gravity, the weighting factor in front of the factor is larger, otherwise, the weighting factor is smaller.
And 3, acquiring measured data of the weather of the area, determining the real-time weather type of the area by the same method as the step 2, and entering the step 4.
And 4, calculating the positions of the solar altitude angle and the azimuth angle at the moment and the next integral point according to the current date and time, and entering the step 5.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating calculation of the solar azimuth angle and the solar altitude angle according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the solar altitude calculation method is as follows:
northern hemisphere:
southern hemisphere:
the solar azimuth calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein, αsIs the solar altitude, gamma is the solar azimuth,
the local latitude is the local declination angle.
And 5, controlling the photovoltaic component by selecting different tracking control modes according to the weather type of the area, and entering the step 6.
Specifically, if the current weather type is 1 type obtained through calculation, the photovoltaic module is controlled to track the sun track in a double-axis tracking mode, namely, an astronomical algorithm and a physical mode (a photoelectric sensor is used for carrying out detail adjustment) are combined, the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun are controlled to be tracked by the photovoltaic module, and the tracking step length is 15 minutes; if the current weather type is 2 type, controlling the photovoltaic module to track the sun track in a single tracking mode, namely calculating the sun altitude at the end of the next hour through an astronomical algorithm, controlling the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module to be kept unchanged at the corresponding position, and controlling the photovoltaic module to track the sun azimuth angle in combination with the astronomical algorithm and a physical mode, wherein the tracking step length is 15 minutes; and if the current weather type is 3, calculating the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle at the end of the next hour by using an astronomical algorithm, and adjusting the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module to be consistent with the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle at the end of the next hour.
Step 6, judging the solar altitude: if the solar altitude is greater than or equal to 10 degrees, returning to the step 2; if the solar altitude is smaller than 10 degrees, the operation is stopped, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module is set to be 180 degrees, and the azimuth angle is set to be the east.
Fig. 3 is a schematic effect diagram of a control method of a tracking photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying weather types according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, it can be clearly seen that the profit of the weather type 1-1 is the most after being divided by the new index, and the second profit is decreased, which proves that the fixed control logic can bring more profit and less energy consumption loss when the weather is not good by using the dual tracking mode.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, when the photovoltaic component is controlled, the following steps are included: step 1, acquiring weather data of the area, and entering step 2; step 2, receiving weather data to calculate a direct incidence ratio, a corrected definition and total cloud volume data, calculating a weather type index through the direct incidence ratio, the corrected definition and the total cloud volume data, dividing the weather of the area into a weather type 1, a weather type 2 and a weather type 3 through a K-means clustering algorithm, and entering step 3; step 3, acquiring measured data of the weather of the area, determining the weather type of the area, and entering step 4; step 4, calculating the positions of the solar altitude angle and the azimuth angle at the moment and the next integral point moment according to the current date and time, and entering step 5; step 5, controlling the photovoltaic component by selecting different tracking control modes according to the weather type of the area, and entering step 6; step 6, judging the solar altitude: if the solar altitude is greater than or equal to 10 degrees, returning to the step 2; if the solar altitude angle is less than 10 degrees, the control method stops working, so that the control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type can adopt corresponding tracking strategies under different weather states, not only can obtain the maximum radiation energy, but also can reduce the adjustment and operation energy consumption of the tracking system.
In the control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type, which is provided by the invention, the weather type index is represented by the formula SCF-w1Bd+w2k'T+w3The (1-C) can be obtained, and therefore, the method has the advantages of easy quantification, small calculation amount and easy discrimination.
According to the control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather types, provided by the invention, different tracking modes can be selected according to different weather types, so that the mechanical loss can be reduced, and the service life of the double-shaft tracking system can be prolonged.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A control method of a tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying weather types is used for controlling photovoltaic modules, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining weather data of a local area, wherein the weather data comprises total horizontal plane radiation, normal horizontal plane radiation, total cloud cover and definition, and entering step 2;
step 2, calculating a direct incidence ratio, a corrected definition and total cloud data according to the weather data, then calculating a weather type index according to the direct incidence ratio, the corrected definition and the total cloud data, finally dividing the weather of the area into a weather type 1, a weather type 2 and a weather type 3 through a K-means clustering algorithm, and entering step 3;
step 3, acquiring measured data of the weather of the area, determining the real-time weather type of the area, and entering step 4;
step 4, calculating the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle of the current moment and the next integral point moment, and entering step 5;
step 5, controlling the photovoltaic module by selecting different tracking control modes according to the weather type of the area, and entering step 6;
step 6, judging the solar altitude:
if the solar altitude is greater than or equal to 10 degrees, returning to the step 2;
and if the solar altitude is less than 10 degrees, stopping working.
2. The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
wherein, the definition calculation formula is as follows:
wherein I is the total solar radiation in the horizontal plane, I0Is the solar radiation at the level of the outer layer of the atmosphere.
3. The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
wherein, the calculation formula of the correction definition is as follows:
wherein, k'TIs the correction resolution and m is the atmospheric mass.
4. The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
wherein, the calculation formula of the weather type index is as follows: SCF ═ w1Bd+w2k'T+w3(1-C)
Wherein, w1、w2And w3Is a weight factor, and w1、w2And w3The sum of (1), C is the total cloud number, and Bd is the direct ratio.
5. The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
wherein weather type 1 includes: sunny, cloudy-sunny, and cloudy-sunny;
weather type 2 includes: cloudy, cloudy to cloudy, and cloudy to cloudy;
weather type 3 includes light rain, gust rain, light snow, fog, haze, mid rain, weather above mid rain, mid snow, and weather above mid snow.
6. The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the solar altitude angle calculation method comprises the following steps:
northern hemisphere:
southern hemisphere:
the solar azimuth calculation method comprises the following steps:
wherein, αsIs the solar altitude, gamma is the solar azimuth,
the local latitude is the local declination angle.
7. The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
wherein, in step 5:
when the current weather type is determined to be type 1, controlling the photovoltaic module to track the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle in a double-axis tracking mode;
when the current weather type is determined to be type 2, controlling the photovoltaic module to track the solar azimuth angle in a single tracking mode;
and when the current weather type is determined to be 3, calculating the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle at the end of the next hour through an astronomical algorithm, and adjusting the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module to be consistent with the solar altitude angle and the solar azimuth angle at the end of the next hour.
8. The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
wherein the time for acquiring the weather data is 1 year to 3 years.
9. The control method of the tracking type photovoltaic power generation system capable of identifying the weather type as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in step 6, when the photovoltaic module stops working, the inclination angle is set to 180 degrees, and the azimuth angle is set to the east.
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