CN102565793A - Millimeter-wave imaging system for omni-directional scanning of single antenna array - Google Patents
Millimeter-wave imaging system for omni-directional scanning of single antenna array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a millimeter-wave imaging system for the omni-directional scanning of a single antenna array. The millimeter-wave imaging system comprises an antenna array disc bracket, a sliding rail, a drive disc, two metal struts, a servo control module, a frequency synthesis module, a transmitting module, two transmitting antenna arrays, two receiving antenna arrays, a receiving module, a delay module, a signal processing module and a display control modules, wherein the servo control module controls a drive shaft of a motor to rotate at a sinusoidal velocity, and controls and detects the rotation angle of the antenna array disc bracket, so that the antenna array disc bracket rotates at an angle of 0-300 degrees; the transmitting antenna arrays radiate radio-frequency signals to the surface of a target, and after being reflected by the surface of the target, the radio-frequency signals are received by the receiving antenna arrays; echo signals are processed by the receiving module so as to form intermediate-frequency echo signals, and then the intermediate-frequency echo signals are sent to the signal processing module; and the intermediate-frequency echo signals are performed three-dimensional imaging processing in the signal processing module so as to obtain three-dimensional image data, and then the three-dimensional image data is transmitted to the display control module. The system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple design, low cost, high image quality, high resolution and short imaging time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mm-wave imaging technical field, particularly relate to the millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of a kind of single antenna array.
Background technology
Now, along with the development of millimeter-wave technology and imaging technique, many these two kinds of application that technology combines have been produced.The mm-wave imaging technology all has ripe application in a lot of fields, such as map remote sensing, military detection, millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar image-forming, long-range detection ground, sea and aerial target etc.Along with science and technology development, millimetric wave device at home and abroad is mature on the whole, and can carry out large-scale low-cost and use.
Along with the development of mm-wave imaging technology, its application in all trades and professions is ripe gradually, is applied to closely that imaging detection is mature on the whole, and can realize body surface, human body surface and other surface scattering property detection.
At present, aspect imaging closely, multiple formation method is arranged, like visible light, infrared and laser imaging etc., but these imagings all have the defective of self.Visible light can't be seen the thing under some things concealed; And infrared imaging resolution and the certain problem of reliable recognition property existence; The application of laser imaging is narrow.And millimeter wave closely forms images and can penetrate some things concealed, and the thing below the things concealed is carried out high-precision imaging, can realize the examination of some special thing through the method for image detection identification.
Closely image quality, the resolution of formation method imaging is low, imaging time is long, adopts existing millimeter wave closely complex design, the cost height of the millimeter wave imaging system of formation method to adopt existing millimeter wave.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above; The invention provides the millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of a kind of single antenna array; It comprises: slide rail, driver plate, 2 metallic struts, aerial array disc holder, servocontrol module, frequency synthesis module, transmitter module, 2 transmitting antenna arrays, 2 receiving antenna arrays, receiver module, time delay module, signal processing modules and show the control modules, wherein:
The aerial array disc holder comprises rotatable central shaft and by the metal circular dish of this central shaft driven rotary;
The radian of slide rail is 300 degree, and its diameter is consistent with the aerial array disk;
Driver plate is the same with the aerial array disk big; 2 metallic struts with relatively and mode point-blank be installed in the two ends, edge of aerial array disk and driver plate; One end of metallic struts is fixed to the edge of aerial array disk; The other end is fixed to the edge of driver plate, and the bottom margin place of this driver plate is equipped with the pulley arbitrarily between 3-10, and this pulley is positioned on the slide rail;
The servocontrol module is used to control the anglec of rotation of the driving shaft of AC servo motor with sinusoidal speed rotation and control and detection aerial array disc holder; It is turned clockwise from 0 to M degree; 260≤M≤300 degree; It comprises: servo control mechanism, measurement feedback mechanism and servo controller, wherein:
Servo control mechanism comprises AC servo motor (1), motor driver (2), power supply adaptor (3), speed reduction unit (4) and belt pulley (5); The AC servo motor main shaft is through the ring flange connection reducer; The motion of speed reduction unit drive pulley; Belt pulley links to each other with driver plate; Drive detector gate aerial array disc holder and accomplish various FMs, AC servo motor is directly controlled by motor driver, and motor driver connects power supply adaptor and realizes that AC-DC conversion is that electric system provides power supply and realizes defencive function;
Measure feedback mechanism and comprise grating chi (7), optoelectronic switch (8); Grating chi (7) is installed on the aerial array disc holder main shaft; Grating chi (7) thus read head is fixed in the aerial array disc holder and rotate produces the angle information that the rotation of aerial array disc holder is measured in the coded signal pulse with framework; Optoelectronic switch (8) is installed on aerial array disc holder (6) top and contacts with angle indication disk, can realize the indication of center zero-bit and extreme position;
Servo controller comprises: the scanning curve control module of interactive communication module, signal acquisition module, self check correcting control module and servo control mechanism; The interactive communication module is divided into two parts: a part is accomplished the communication with the signal Processing extension set, receives its command signal that issues and feeds back current servo-drive system status information; Another part completion is communicated by letter with motor driver, and servo actuator is implemented control; Wherein, signal acquisition module is handled the quadrature coding pulse signal and the photoelectric switching signal of grating; The self check correcting control module is accomplished the self calibration positive order that the signal Processing extension set issues; The scanning worker that scanning curve control module completion signal Processing extension set issues organizes instruction;
AC servo motor makes this driver plate rotate along slide rail, rotates thereby drive the aerial array disk;
The frequency synthesis module be used to produce reference clock and the control command that sends it to signal processing module and receive signal processing module to produce broadband emission signal and this gust of radio frequency signal; And the broadband emission signal is sent to transmitter module and this gust of radio frequency signal is sent to time delay module, and it comprises: be used to produce the broadband emission signal the high speed direct synthesizer, be used for the broadband emission signal frequency multiplication to the frequency multiplier of required frequency range, be used to produce this gust of radio frequency signal frequency mixer, be used to produce the crystal oscillator of reference clock;
Transmitter module is used for the broadband emission signal from the frequency synthesis module is carried out power amplification and waveform modulated, and sends it to transmitting antenna array, and it comprises solid-state power amplifier that is used for power amplification and the transmitted waveform modulator that is used for waveform modulated;
Transmitting antenna array is used for the radiated radio frequency (RF) signal, and each launching antenna array is shown N antenna element; Each antenna element is corresponding, and riches all the way penetrates passage; Each antenna array is shown the time-sharing work of N road electric switch with the control transmission channel, promptly turns on and off, wherein 64≤N≤256;
Receiving antenna array is used to receive echoed signal, and each receiving antenna array is shown N antenna element; Corresponding one road receiving cable of each antenna element; Each antenna array is shown the time-sharing work of N road electric switch with the control receiving cable, promptly turns on and off, wherein 64≤N≤256;
Time delay module is used for this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives is carried out accurate delay so that its phase place is consistent with phase place from the rf echo signal of the center surface of target reflection, and this gust of radio frequency signal of delaying time is sent to receiver module;
Receiver module comprises the low noise amplifier that is used for power amplification, be used for filter filtering and be used for rf echo signal is transformed to the frequency mixer of echo signal of intermediate frequency; Wherein low noise amplifier with the power amplification of the rf echo signal that receives to the power approximately equal of this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives or at the same order of magnitude; This wave filter carries out filtering to the rf echo signal through power amplification, and the rf echo signal that frequency mixer will pass through power amplification and filtering carries out mixing so that this rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency and it is transferred to signal processing module with this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives;
Signal processing module be used to produce control command that indication frequency synthesis module produces various signals, according to reference clock produce imaging device work schedule, echo signal of intermediate frequency is sampled and Digital Down Convert; Carrying out three-dimensional imaging handles; Obtain the Three-dimension Target view data and it is transferred to and show the control module, it comprises: the high-speed AD converter that is used for echo signal of intermediate frequency is sampled, be used for to the digital intermediate frequency echoed signal after the sampling carry out down coversion PLD, be used for the echo data through Digital Down Convert is carried out digital signal processor, storer that three-dimensional imaging handles, is used for 3 d image data is sent to the photoelectric commutator that shows the control module at a high speed;
Showing the control module is used for the 3 d image data that receives is shown as 3-D view in real time.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Millimeter wave imaging system of the present invention carries out millimeter wave scanning imaging in 1 meter scope of distance objective object surfaces; Its structural design is simple, cost is low, picture quality is high, resolution can be short up to centimetre-sized and imaging time, can realize several three-dimensional images of the different angles on target object surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural upright synoptic diagram of the millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of single antenna array of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of aerial array form of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of single antenna array of invention;
Fig. 4 is the working timing figure of millimeter wave imaging system of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the servo controller module frame chart.
Wherein: 1-AC servo motor, 2-motor driver, 3-power supply adaptor, 4-speed reduction unit; The 5-belt pulley, 6-aerial array disc holder, 7-grating chi, 8-optoelectronic switch; The 9-servo controller, 10-signal acquisition module, 11-self check correcting control module, 12-scanning curve control module; 13-interactive communication module, 14-signal Processing extension set, 15-metallic struts.
Embodiment
Describe in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural upright synoptic diagram of the millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of single antenna array of the present invention.The millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of single antenna array of the present invention comprises: 1 transmitting antenna array, 1 receiving antenna array, aerial array disc holder, slide rail, driver plate, 2 metallic struts, transmitter module, receiver module, servocontrol module, frequency synthesis module, time delay module, signal processing modules and show the control modules; Wherein:
The aerial array disc holder comprises rotatable central shaft and by the metal circular dish of this central shaft driven rotary.The radius of this circular discs is between 0.5-2 rice.
With screw-type FRPA-Fixed Radiation Pattern Antenna array and receiving antenna array, between this transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is 0.5-5cm at interval at the edge of aerial array disk wherein, and preferred interval is 2cm, more preferably is 1cm at interval.Each aerial array is to be fixed on the edge of aerial array disk with vertical mode, and is as shown in Figure 1.In addition, this transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array are isometric, and be as shown in Figure 2.
The radian of slide rail is 300 degree, consistent with the aerial array disk perhaps slightly greatly several centimetres of its diameter.Driver plate is the same with the aerial array disk big; 2 metallic struts with relatively and mode point-blank be installed in the two ends, edge of aerial array disk and driver plate; One end of metallic struts is fixed to the edge of aerial array disk, and the other end is fixed to the edge of driver plate.Fixed form can be multiple, and commonly used is welding manner.The bottom margin place of driver plate is equipped with 3-10 pulley, and pulley is positioned on the slide rail.The concrete number of pulley is decided according to the diameter of disk.
The servocontrol module is used to control the anglec of rotation of the driving shaft of AC servo motor with a kind of sinusoidal speed rotation and control and detection aerial array disc holder, so that it can rotate 300 degree.This servocontrol module comprises servo control mechanism, measures feedback mechanism and servo controller, wherein:
Servo control mechanism is made up of AC servo motor 1, motor driver 2, power supply adaptor 3, speed reduction unit 4 and belt pulley 5.AC servo motor 1 drives the motion of gear train and aerial array disc holder as the source of control power.The movement instruction signal of motor driver 2 reception servo controllers and the code device signal that is converted into the gating pulse of AC servo motor 1 and combines AC servo motor 1 axle head to dispose are directly controlled the speed and the position of motor movement, make the driving shaft of this motor rotate with a kind of sinusoidal speed.Motor can make driver plate rotate along slide rail with any known modes such as gearing mesh, driving stem or belt pulleys; Because aerial array disk and driver plate are fixed together through metallic struts, so the aerial array disk can rotate along with driver plate together.Here the mode that drives with belt pulley illustrates.Used in the present invention is GV6 driver and the supporting serial AC servo motor 1 of N0 thereof, has characteristics such as controlled variable scalable, the easy planning of velocity location.Power supply adaptor 3 converts AC power direct supply into and possesses rectification function, and realize power supply for motor and driver and supply with and can realize over-voltage protecting function, its continuous power output 300W, peak power output is 9KW.The output shaft of motor drives the driver plate motion through the gear train of speed reduction unit and belt pulley formation.
Measuring feedback mechanism is made up of grating chi 7, optoelectronic switch 8.Grating chi 7 is installed on the central shaft of aerial array disc holder 6; Its absolute zero position is in the center of aerial array disc holder 6 ranges of operation, and grating chi 7 read heads are fixed in aerial array disc holder 6 and rotate generation quadrature coding pulse signal with support and resolve angle information.The grating chi 7 that the present invention uses is the increment type circle grating of RESD series; Increment type grating chi 7 is few than absolute type grating chi 7 system's lines, interface is simple; Its groove number is 32768, and system accuracy can reach 1.08 rads, fits High Speed System and the very high measurement occasion of accuracy requirement.This servocontrol module is equipped with two optoelectronic switches 8, and the spacing and operational centre indication disk of fit angle uses, and is installed on the top of aerial array disc holder 6, can indicate the center of extreme position and rough grade.That optoelectronic switch 8 has is contactless, do not have machinery collision, the fast characteristics of response speed, can satisfy the limit function that designs among the present invention and use.
The structured flowchart of servo controller 9 is as shown in Figure 5; Servo controller 9 comprises the scanning curve control module 12 of interactive communication module 13, signal acquisition module 10, self check correcting control module 11 and servo control mechanism, and servo controller 9 adopts the TMS320F2812 of TI company to handle the The whole control flow process as main control chip.
Interactive communication module 13 comprises with signal Processing extension set 14 carries out the mutual of work order and duty, and mutual with the instruction of motor driver 2 curve movement planning control.This module can realize serial communication through RS422/RS232, comprises frame head, instruction word, status word, frame count and check bit information with the communication protocol of signal Processing extension set 14; Satisfy the designing requirement of driver with the communication protocol of motor driver 2.
Signal acquisition module 10 needs to handle the quadrature coding pulse signal and optoelectronic switch 8 signals of grating.Grating signal is connected with servo controller through grating chi 7 read head connectors, after the quadrature coding pulse counter chip is handled, carries out data communication through the parallel port, the count value of DSP timing acquiring counter chip with DSP.Optoelectronic switch 8 signals supply the main control chip collection through being connected to after the level conversion on the DSP.
The self calibration positive order that self check correcting control module 11 completion signal Processing extension sets issue realizes that the aerial array disc holder precisely returns zero, and prepares for scanning work instructs.
Scanning curve control module 12 is accomplished the scanning work instruction that the signal Processing extension set issues, and realizes that finally the aerial array disc holder moves according to scanning curve.
Servo controller carries out according to two kinds of patterns:
First pattern: accomplish self check and proofread and correct; Self check is proofreaied and correct in the course of work and to be gathered grating chis 7 read head calculated signals by servo controller 9 and go out load situation and control motor and return zero and move; After accomplishing correction; The wait of servo condition information reporting signal Processing extension set is issued work order, concrete work as follows:
After controller was received the self calibration positive order, drive motor motion 15 degree stopped the number of buses of process in the system acquisition motion process, and the line numerical value of adjacent two Z pulses place.Absolute line number according to first Z pulse place of process in the above-mentioned algorithm computation motion process can calculate the current absolute line number of load thus.Make aerial array disc holder 6 move to the zero-bit place according to absolute position conversion control motor and accomplish back the odd-job work.For preparing to carry out scanning work, control antenna array disc holder 6 moves to+55 degree positions, and uploads the signal Processing extension set and accomplish the self check correction.
Second pattern: accomplish scanning work, in the scanning work process by servo controller 9 according to predetermined scanning motion curve calculation parameter and bind motor driver 2 and make aerial array disc holder 6 carry out scanning motion.Its course of work is:
Through the direction of center pilot light electric switch 8 signals judgement aerial array disc holder 6 current relative zero-bits, and control antenna array disc holder 6 carries out scanning motion, transmission scanning completion status word behind the end of run.Because finishing rear motor, self calibration positive order or each scanning work moved to work preparation angle place; And the angle of scanning work each run and planning curve immobilize; Therefore only need judge that the zero-bit direction confirms the direction of next scanning motion, and control antenna array disc holder 6 is pressed predetermined curve and is moved.
Transmitting antenna array is used for the radiated radio frequency (RF) signal, and launching antenna array is shown N antenna element, and each antenna element is corresponding, and riches all the way penetrates passage, and antenna array is shown the time-sharing work of N road electric switch with the control transmission channel, promptly turns on and off.In the present invention, N between 64-256, preferred 208.Gap size is a wavelength X between two antenna elements.
Receiving antenna array is used for the received RF echoed signal, and receiving antenna array is shown N antenna element, corresponding one road receiving cable of each antenna element, and antenna array is shown the time-sharing work of N road electric switch with the control receiving cable, promptly turns on and off.In the present invention, N between 64-256, preferred 208.Gap size is a wavelength X between two antenna elements.
The form that transmits and receives antenna element has multiple, can be microstrip antenna, Waveguide slot antenna, dipole and bell-mouth antenna etc.The size that transmits and receives antenna element can be the long and wide wavelength X that is, and the beam angle of antenna element is the 30-120 degree, preferred 60 degree.
The frequency synthesis module be used to produce reference clock and the control command that sends it to signal processing module and receive signal processing module producing broadband emission signal and this gust of radio frequency signal, and the broadband emission signal is sent to transmitter module and this gust of radio frequency signal is sent to time delay module.It comprises: be used to produce the broadband emission signal the high speed direct synthesizer (be called for short: high-speed DDS), be used for the broadband emission signal frequency multiplication to the frequency multiplier of required frequency range, be used to produce this gust of radio frequency signal frequency mixer, be used to produce the crystal oscillator of reference clock etc.In the present invention, the highest signal bandwidth B of the broadband emission signal that this high-speed DDS produces is 1.2GHz, and pulsewidth τ is 10us.The broadband emission signal frequency multiplication that frequency multiplier produces high-speed DDS to 20GHz between the 40GHz perhaps 90GHz between the 110GHz.Reference clock is 60MHz.
Time delay module is used for this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives is carried out accurate delay so that its phase place is consistent with phase place from the rf echo signal of the center surface of target reflection, and this gust of radio frequency signal of delaying time is sent to receiver module.
Transmitter module is used for the broadband emission signal from the frequency synthesis module is carried out power amplification and waveform modulated, and sends it to transmitting antenna array, and it comprises solid-state power amplifier that is used for power amplification and the transmitted waveform modulator that is used for waveform modulated.
Receiver module is used for the rf echo signal that receives is carried out processing such as power amplification, filtering, mixing; Realization transforms to echo signal of intermediate frequency with rf echo signal, and it comprises the low noise amplifier that is used for power amplification, is used for filter filtering and is used for frequency mixer that rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency etc.
Detailed process is: low noise amplifier perhaps gets final product power amplification to the power approximately equal with this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives of the rf echo signal that receives at the same order of magnitude; Then this wave filter carries out filtering to the rf echo signal through power amplification, and frequency mixer will pass through the rf echo signal of power amplification and filtering and this gust of radio frequency signal of receiving carries out mixing so that this rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency and it is transferred to signal processing module then.
Signal processing module be used to produce control command that indication frequency synthesis module produces various signals, according to reference clock produce imaging device work schedule, echo signal of intermediate frequency is sampled and Digital Down Convert; Carry out three-dimensional imaging and handle, obtain the Three-dimension Target view data and it is transferred to apparent control module.It comprises: the high-speed AD converter that is used for echo signal of intermediate frequency is sampled, be used for to the digital intermediate frequency echoed signal after the sampling carry out down coversion PLD, be used for the echo data through Digital Down Convert is carried out digital signal processor, storer that three-dimensional imaging handles, is used for 3 d image data is sent to the photoelectric commutator that shows the control module etc. at a high speed.Working timing figure can be as shown in Figure 4.
Showing the control module is used for the 3 d image data that receives is shown as 3-D view in real time.Human-computer interaction interface that can also be through showing the control module to the servocontrol module with the signal processing module input working parameter with send steering order.For example, this apparent control module can be a computing machine that has display screen.
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of single antenna array of the utility model.
Introduce the course of work of the millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of single antenna array of the present invention below:
At first behind system's electrifying startup, each module is carried out initialization setting and self check, and the transceiver channel and the spoke phase behaviour of carrying out transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array in the imaging system are proofreaied and correct; Then the servocontrol module driving shaft that begins to control motor rotates with a kind of sinusoidal speed; Make driver plate rotate along slide rail; Thereby driving the aerial array disc holder rotates; And the servocontrol module controls and the anglec of rotation of measuring the aerial array disc holder; Make its from 0 to 300 degree forward (clockwise) rotation, in this process, the frequency synthesis module produce reference clock and send it to signal processing module, the control command that receives signal processing module is with generation broadband emission signal and this gust of radio frequency signal; And the broadband emission signal is sent to transmitter module and this gust of radio frequency signal is sent to time delay module, and this transmitter module carries out the broadband emission signal power amplification and waveform modulated and sends to transmitting antenna array; Signal processing module produces a work schedule after receiving reference clock; Control transmits and receives i in N the antenna element of aerial array (1≤i≤N) is individual to transmit and receive that passage is opened and remaining transmits and receives the passage shutoff thus; By i antenna element of transmitting antenna array to external radiation broadband emission signal; This broadband emission signal arrives the surface of target and reflexes to receiving antenna array and received this rf echo signal and sent it to receiver module by its i antenna element; And time delay module carries out accurate delay with this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives so that its phase place is consistent with phase place from the rf echo signal of the center surface of target reflection; This gust of the radio frequency signal that to delay time then sends to receiver module; Low noise amplifier in this receiver module with the power of radio frequency this gust signal that receive equates extremely that with the power amplification of the rf echo signal that receives perhaps approximately equal perhaps gets final product at the same order of magnitude; Then the wave filter in this receiver module carries out filtering to the rf echo signal through power amplification; Frequency mixer rf echo signal that will pass through power amplification and filtering and this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives carries out mixing so that this rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency then; The centre frequency of this echo signal of intermediate frequency is 60MHz preferably, again this echo signal of intermediate frequency is transferred to signal processing module at last; High-speed AD converter in this signal processing module is sampled to the echo signal of intermediate frequency of input; Be converted into digital echo signal and send to PLD, this PLD is down-converted to baseband signal with digital echo signal and it is saved in the storer; , in this way, the digital echo data through down coversion of N passage being saved in the storer, the echo data of preserving this moment only is the echo data that the aerial array disc holder obtains through aerial array scanning when 0 degree position.
Can scan with the angle intervals of any setting and obtain echo data, for example angle intervals is the 0.2-1 degree.Preferably, every rotation 0.5 degree of aerial array disc holder, aerial array run-down target object can certainly be every rotation 1 degree run-down.
When the aerial array disc holder rotates to 300 degree and after all echo datas all are saved in the storer; Digital signal processor read all echo datas and carried out the three-dimensional imaging processing from storer this moment; Wherein adopt known image processing algorithm to handle echo data; Like the BP algorithm, obtain the millimeter wave 3 d image data; Through photoelectric commutator this millimeter wave 3 d image data is sent to again and show the control module.Should show the control module is presented at the millimeter wave 3-D view on the screen.In addition, the human-computer interaction interface that the staff also can be through showing the control module to the servocontrol module with the signal processing module input working parameter with send steering order.
The above-mentioned course of work has been accomplished the three-dimensional imaging to a target object, and this moment, the aerial array disc holder was rotated in the forward 300 degree.Those skilled in the art knows, also can the aerial array disc holder be rotated in the forward 260 degree, 270 degree, 280 degree and wait scanning and the three-dimensional imaging of accomplishing target object, and what promptly the anglec of rotation can be between the 260-300 degree is arbitrarily angled.
The purpose of above-mentioned self check is mainly obtained the initial amplitude of transceiver channel and the information of phase place, utilizes the transceiver channel that this information carries out and the correction of spoke phase behaviour, makes that the spoke phase behaviour of each transceiver channel is consistent.
When beginning that next target object carried out scanning imagery, the aerial array disc holder just can reverse rotation be accomplished whole three-dimensional imaging process like 300 degree.Certainly, those skilled in the art knows, also can carry out reverse rotation earlier a target object is carried out scanning imagery, carries out to be rotated in the forward again next target object is carried out scanning imagery.
Introduce the formation method of the millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of single antenna array of the present invention below:
The first step: imaging system powers on, and each module is carried out initialization setting and self check, and carries out the transceiver channel and the correction of spoke phase behaviour of transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array.
The purpose of self check is mainly obtained the initial amplitude of transceiver channel and the information of phase place, utilizes the transceiver channel that this information carries out and the correction of spoke phase behaviour, makes that the spoke phase behaviour of each transceiver channel is consistent.
Second step: the driving shaft that the servocontrol module begins to control motor is with a kind of sinusoidal speed rotation; Make driver plate rotate along slide rail; Thereby driving the aerial array disc holder rotates; And the servocontrol module controls and the anglec of rotation of measuring the aerial array disc holder make it turn clockwise from 0 to M degree, 260≤M≤300 degree.
The 3rd step: the frequency synthesis module produce reference clock and send it to signal processing module, the control command that receives signal processing module to be producing broadband emission signal and this gust of radio frequency signal, and the broadband emission signal is sent to transmitter module and this gust of radio frequency signal is sent to time delay module.
The 4th step: transmitter module carries out the broadband emission signal power amplification and waveform modulated and sends to transmitting antenna array.
The 5th step: signal processing module produces a work schedule after receiving reference clock; Thus control transmit and receive i in N the antenna element of aerial array (1≤i≤N) is individual to transmit and receive that passage is opened and remaining transmits and receives the passage shutoff, by i antenna element of transmitting antenna array to external radiation broadband emission signal.
The 6th step: this broadband emission signal arrives the surface of target and reflexes to receiving antenna array and received this rf echo signal and sent it to receiver module by its i antenna element.
The 7th step: this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives is carried out accurate delay to time delay module so that its phase place is consistent with the phase place of the rf echo signal that reflects from the center surface of target, and this gust of the radio frequency signal that will delay time then sends to receiver module.
The 8th step: in the receiver module with the power amplification of the rf echo signal that receives to the power approximately equal of this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives or at the same order of magnitude; Then the wave filter in this receiver module carries out filtering to the rf echo signal through power amplification; Frequency mixer rf echo signal that will pass through power amplification and filtering and this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives carries out mixing so that this rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency then, again this echo signal of intermediate frequency is transferred to signal processing module at last.
The 9th step: the high-speed AD converter in this signal processing module is sampled to the echo signal of intermediate frequency of input; Be converted into digital echo signal and send to PLD, PLD is down-converted to baseband signal with digital echo signal and it is saved in the storer.
The tenth step: repeating step three is saved in the storer up to the digital echo data through down coversion with N passage to step 9, accomplishes the echo data that the aerial array disc holder obtains through aerial array scanning when 0 degree position thus.
The 11 step: every rotation 0.2 degree of aerial array disc holder is to the unspecified angle between 1 degree; Aerial array run-down target object; Repeating step three is to step 10; Rotate to the M degree up to the aerial array disc holder, the digital echo signal of N the passage that PLD obtains scanning is down-converted to baseband signal and it is saved in the storer.
The 12 step: digital signal processor reads all echo datas and carries out three-dimensional imaging and handle from storer, wherein adopt known image processing method to handle echo data, obtains the millimeter wave 3 d image data.
Known image processing method can be RD method, BP method, CS method, wk method and back scattering method etc.The present invention preferably adopts the BP method to handle echo data.
The 13 step: this digital signal processor sends to photoelectric commutator with this millimeter wave 3 d image data, is light signal with electrical signal conversion thus, and with the mode of light signal the millimeter wave 3 d image data is sent to apparent control module.
The 14 step: this shows the control module millimeter wave 3-D view is presented on the screen.
Preferably, N is the value between 64-256, and is preferred, N=208.
Preferably, the highest signal bandwidth B of broadband emission signal is 1.2GHz, and pulsewidth τ is 10us.
Preferably, reference clock is 60MHz.
Preferably, the centre frequency of echo signal of intermediate frequency is 60MHz.
Preferably, every rotation 0.5 degree of aerial array disc holder, aerial array run-down target object.
The millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of single antenna array of the present invention and the advantage of formation method:
(1) this imaging system has adopted the signal based on high-speed DDS to produce scheme, makes Circuit Design simple, can realize big bandwidth through frequency multiplication, and need not carry out frequency linearity and proofread and correct, and system complexity reduces, and cost is low.
(2) this imaging system is full coherent system, helps the coherent accumulation of echoed signal, can obtain high-quality image, has reduced the requirement to the system imaging compensation.
(3) this imaging system adopts the scheme of echoed signal Digital Down Convert to baseband signal, the adverse effect that the passage inconsistency of having avoided analog down to bring is brought image quality.
(4) this imaging system and formation method thereof can obtain the high-resolution millimeter wave three-dimensional image of centimetre-sized to the target object surface imaging, and the real-time of three-dimensional imaging can be specially adapted to the safety inspection field up to 1 second.
Claims (10)
1. the millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of single antenna array; It comprises: slide rail, driver plate, 2 metallic struts, aerial array disc holder, servocontrol module, frequency synthesis module, transmitter module, 2 transmitting antenna arrays, 2 receiving antenna arrays, receiver module, time delay module, signal processing modules and show the control modules, wherein:
The aerial array disc holder comprises rotatable central shaft and by the metal circular dish of this central shaft driven rotary;
The radian of slide rail is 300 degree, and its diameter is consistent with the aerial array disk;
Driver plate is the same with the aerial array disk big; 2 metallic struts with relatively and mode point-blank be installed in the two ends, edge of aerial array disk and driver plate; One end of metallic struts is fixed to the edge of aerial array disk; The other end is fixed to the edge of driver plate, and the bottom margin place of this driver plate is equipped with the pulley arbitrarily between 3-10, and this pulley is positioned on the slide rail;
The servocontrol module is used to control the anglec of rotation of the driving shaft of AC servo motor with sinusoidal speed rotation and control and detection aerial array disc holder; It is turned clockwise from 0 to M degree; 260≤M≤300 degree; It comprises: servo control mechanism, measurement feedback mechanism and servo controller, wherein:
Servo control mechanism comprises AC servo motor (1), motor driver (2), power supply adaptor (3), speed reduction unit (4) and belt pulley (5); The AC servo motor main shaft is through the ring flange connection reducer; The motion of speed reduction unit drive pulley; Belt pulley links to each other with driver plate; Drive detector gate aerial array disc holder and accomplish various FMs, AC servo motor is directly controlled by motor driver, and motor driver connects power supply adaptor and realizes that AC-DC conversion is that electric system provides power supply and realizes defencive function;
Measure feedback mechanism and comprise grating chi (7), optoelectronic switch (8); Grating chi (7) is installed on the aerial array disc holder main shaft; Grating chi (7) thus read head is fixed in the aerial array disc holder and rotate produces the angle information that the rotation of aerial array disc holder is measured in the coded signal pulse with framework; Optoelectronic switch (8) is installed on aerial array disc holder (6) top and contacts with angle indication disk, can realize the indication of center zero-bit and extreme position;
Servo controller comprises: the scanning curve control module of interactive communication module, signal acquisition module, self check correcting control module and servo control mechanism; The interactive communication module is divided into two parts: a part is accomplished the communication with the signal Processing extension set, receives its command signal that issues and feeds back current servo-drive system status information; Another part completion is communicated by letter with motor driver, and servo actuator is implemented control; Wherein, signal acquisition module is handled the quadrature coding pulse signal and the photoelectric switching signal of grating; The self check correcting control module is accomplished the self calibration positive order that the signal Processing extension set issues; The scanning worker that scanning curve control module completion signal Processing extension set issues organizes instruction;
AC servo motor makes this driver plate rotate along slide rail, rotates thereby drive the aerial array disk;
The frequency synthesis module be used to produce reference clock and the control command that sends it to signal processing module and receive signal processing module to produce broadband emission signal and this gust of radio frequency signal; And the broadband emission signal is sent to transmitter module and this gust of radio frequency signal is sent to time delay module, and it comprises: be used to produce the broadband emission signal the high speed direct synthesizer, be used for the broadband emission signal frequency multiplication to the frequency multiplier of required frequency range, be used to produce this gust of radio frequency signal frequency mixer, be used to produce the crystal oscillator of reference clock;
Transmitter module is used for the broadband emission signal from the frequency synthesis module is carried out power amplification and waveform modulated, and sends it to transmitting antenna array, and it comprises solid-state power amplifier that is used for power amplification and the transmitted waveform modulator that is used for waveform modulated;
Transmitting antenna array is used for the radiated radio frequency (RF) signal, and each launching antenna array is shown N antenna element; Each antenna element is corresponding, and riches all the way penetrates passage; Each antenna array is shown the time-sharing work of N road electric switch with the control transmission channel, promptly turns on and off, wherein 64≤N≤256;
Receiving antenna array is used to receive echoed signal, and each receiving antenna array is shown N antenna element; Corresponding one road receiving cable of each antenna element; Each antenna array is shown the time-sharing work of N road electric switch with the control receiving cable, promptly turns on and off, wherein 64≤N≤256;
Time delay module is used for this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives is carried out accurate delay so that its phase place is consistent with phase place from the rf echo signal of the center surface of target reflection, and this gust of radio frequency signal of delaying time is sent to receiver module;
Receiver module comprises the low noise amplifier that is used for power amplification, be used for filter filtering and be used for rf echo signal is transformed to the frequency mixer of echo signal of intermediate frequency; Wherein low noise amplifier with the power amplification of the rf echo signal that receives to the power approximately equal of this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives or at the same order of magnitude; This wave filter carries out filtering to the rf echo signal through power amplification, and the rf echo signal that frequency mixer will pass through power amplification and filtering carries out mixing so that this rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency and it is transferred to signal processing module with this gust of the radio frequency signal that receives;
Signal processing module be used to produce control command that indication frequency synthesis module produces various signals, according to reference clock produce imaging device work schedule, echo signal of intermediate frequency is sampled and Digital Down Convert; Carrying out three-dimensional imaging handles; Obtain the Three-dimension Target view data and it is transferred to and show the control module, it comprises: the high-speed AD converter that is used for echo signal of intermediate frequency is sampled, be used for to the digital intermediate frequency echoed signal after the sampling carry out down coversion PLD, be used for the echo data through Digital Down Convert is carried out digital signal processor, storer that three-dimensional imaging handles, is used for 3 d image data is sent to the photoelectric commutator that shows the control module at a high speed;
Showing the control module is used for the 3 d image data that receives is shown as 3-D view in real time.
2. according to the millimeter wave imaging system of claim 1; Wherein transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array are fixed on the edge of aerial array disk with screw-type; Between this transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is 0.5-5cm at interval; Each aerial array is fixed on vertical mode on the edge of aerial array disk, and this transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array are isometric.
3. according to the millimeter wave imaging system of claim 1; Wherein transmitting and receiving antenna element is microstrip antenna, Waveguide slot antenna, dipole or bell-mouth antenna; The size that transmits and receives antenna element is the long and wide wavelength X that is, and beam angle is the 30-120 degree.
4. according to the millimeter wave imaging system of claim 1; Wherein the highest signal bandwidth B of broadband emission signal is 1.2GHz; Pulsewidth τ is 10us; Reference clock is 60MHz, the broadband emission signal frequency multiplication that frequency multiplier produces the high speed direct synthesizer to 20GHz between the 40GHz perhaps 90GHz between the 110GHz.
5. according to the millimeter wave imaging system of claim 1, wherein the centre frequency of echo signal of intermediate frequency is 60MHz.
6. according to the millimeter wave imaging system of claim 1, wherein aerial array run-down target is spent in the every rotation 0.5 of aerial array disc holder.
7. according to the millimeter wave imaging system of claim 1, wherein N=208, gap size is a wavelength X between two antenna elements.
8. according to the millimeter wave imaging system of claim 2, wherein each group transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array between be 1cm at interval.
9. according to the millimeter wave imaging system of claim 3, wherein said beam angle is 60 degree.
10. according to the millimeter wave imaging system of claim 1, wherein said servo controller carries out work according to following pattern:
First pattern: accomplish self check and proofread and correct; Self check is proofreaied and correct in the course of work and to be gathered grating chi (7) read head calculated signals by servo controller (9) and go out load situation and control motor and return zero and move; After accomplishing correction, servo condition information reporting signal Processing extension set is waited for that issuing scanning work instructs;
Second pattern: accomplish scanning work, in the scanning work process by servo controller (9) according to the scanning motion curve calculation parameter of setting and control motor driver (2) and make servo-drive system aerial array disc holder (6) carry out scanning motion.
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