CN102540185B - Imaging method for millimeter waves imaging system with arc-scanning antenna array - Google Patents
Imaging method for millimeter waves imaging system with arc-scanning antenna array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an imaging method for a millimeter-wave imaging system with an arc-scanning antenna array, which comprises the following steps that: a disc-shaped bracket of the antenna array is driven by a motor to rotate, an emitting antenna array emits a radio-frequency signal to the surface of an object, wherein the radio-frequency signal is reflected by the surface of the object, is received by a receiving antenna array and then is sent to a receiving module, a time delay module precisely delays the received radio-frequency local oscillator signal, so that the phase of the radio-frequency local oscillator signal is in accordance with the phase of the radio-frequency echo signal reflected from the center of the surface of the object, then the delayed radio-frequency local array signal is sent to the receiving module, the receiving module processes the received radio-frequency echo signal to form a medium-frequency echo signal and transmits the medium-frequency echo signal to a signal processing module, and a digital signal processor three-dimensionally images all echo data together and sends the millimeter-wave three-dimensional image data to a display control module in the form of optical signal to display three-dimensional images on the display control module.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mm-wave imaging technical field, particularly relate to a kind of millimeter wave imaging system imaging method of array antenna are scan.
Background technology
Now, along with the development of millimeter-wave technology and imaging technique, many these two kinds of application that technology combines have been produced.The mm-wave imaging technology has ripe application in a lot of fields, such as map remote sensing, military detection, millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar image-forming, long-range detection ground, sea and aerial target etc.Along with science and technology development, millimetric wave device at home and abroad is mature on the whole, and can carry out large-scale low-cost and use.
Along with the development of mm-wave imaging technology, it is ripe gradually in application of all trades and professions, is applied to closely that imaging detection is mature on the whole, and can realize body surface, human body surface and other surface scattering property detection.
At present, aspect imaging closely, multiple formation method is arranged, as visible light, infrared and laser imaging etc., but these imagings have the defective of self.Visible light can't be seen the thing under some things concealed; And infrared imaging resolution and the certain problem of reliable recognition existence; The application of laser imaging is narrow.And millimeter wave closely imaging can penetrate some things concealed, the thing below the things concealed is carried out high-precision imaging, can realize the examination of some special thing by the method for image detection identification.
Closely poor image quality, the resolution of formation method imaging is low, imaging time is long, adopts existing millimeter wave closely design complexity, the cost height of the millimeter wave imaging system of formation method to adopt existing millimeter wave.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of millimeter wave imaging system imaging method of array antenna are scan, this millimeter wave imaging system comprises: aerial array disc holder, servocontrol module, frequency synthesis module, transmitter module, transmitting antenna array, receiving antenna array, receiver module, time delay module, signal processing module and apparent control module, wherein:
The aerial array disc holder comprises rotatable central shaft and by the metal circular dish of this central shaft driven rotary, this central shaft rotation of motor-driven;
The servocontrol module is used for the driving shaft of control AC servo motor with the anglec of rotation of sinusoidal speed rotation and control and detection aerial array disc holder, it is turned clockwise from 0 to M degree, 100≤M≤170 degree, it comprises: servo control mechanism, measurement feedback mechanism and servo controller, wherein:
Servo control mechanism comprises AC servo motor (1), motor driver (2), power supply adaptor (3), speed reduction unit (4) and belt pulley (5); The AC servo motor main shaft is by the ring flange connection reducer, the motion of speed reduction unit drive pulley, belt pulley links to each other with the aerial array disc holder, drive detector gate aerial array disc holder and finish various FMs, AC servo motor is directly controlled by motor driver, and motor driver connects power supply adaptor and realizes that AC-DC conversion provides power supply and realizes defencive function for electric system;
Measure feedback mechanism and comprise grating chi (7), optoelectronic switch (8), grating chi (7) is installed on the aerial array disc holder main shaft, grating chi (7) thus read head is fixed in the aerial array disc holder and rotate produces the angle information that the rotation of aerial array disc holder is measured in the coded signal pulse with framework, optoelectronic switch (8) is installed on aerial array disc holder (6) top and contacts with angle indication disk, can realize the indication of center zero-bit and extreme position;
Servo controller comprises: the scanning curve control module of interactive communication module, signal acquisition module, self calibration positive control module and servo control mechanism; The interactive communication module is divided into two parts: a part is finished the communication of handling extension set with signal, receives its command signal that issues and feeds back current servo-drive system status information; Another part is finished and the communicating by letter of motor driver, and servo actuator is implemented control; Wherein, signal acquisition module is handled quadrature coding pulse signal and the photoelectric switching signal of grating; Self calibration positive control module is finished signal and is handled the self calibration positive order that extension set issues; The scanning curve control module is finished signal and is handled the scanning worker that extension set issues and organize instruction;
The frequency synthesis module comprises high speed direct synthesizer for generation of the broadband emission signal, be used for the broadband emission signal frequency multiplication to the frequency multiplier of required frequency range, for generation of the frequency mixer of radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal, for generation of the crystal oscillator of reference clock;
Transmitter module comprises for the solid-state power amplifier of power amplification and is used for the transmitted waveform modulator of waveform modulated;
Launching antenna array is shown N antenna element, and each antenna element is corresponding, and riches all the way penetrates passage, and antenna array is shown N road electric switch with the time-sharing work of control transmission channel, namely turns on and off, wherein 64≤N≤256;
Receiving antenna array is shown N antenna element, corresponding one road receiving cable of each antenna element, and antenna array is shown N road electric switch with the time-sharing work of control receiving cable, namely turns on and off, wherein 64≤N≤256;
Receiver module comprises low noise amplifier for power amplification, be used for filter filtering and be used for rf echo signal is transformed to the frequency mixer of echo signal of intermediate frequency;
Signal processing module comprises: the high-speed AD converter that is used for echo signal of intermediate frequency is sampled, be used for to the digital intermediate frequency echoed signal after the sampling carry out down coversion programmable logic device (PLD), be used for the echo data through Digital Down Convert is carried out digital signal processor, storer that three-dimensional imaging handles, is used for 3 d image data is sent to the photoelectric commutator that shows the control module at a high speed;
This formation method comprises:
The first step: imaging system powers on, and each module is carried out initialization setting and self check, and carries out transceiver channel and the correction of spoke phase behaviour of transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array;
Second step: the servocontrol module begins to control the driving shaft of motor with a kind of sinusoidal speed rotation, thereby drive the rotation of aerial array disc holder, and the anglec of rotation of servocontrol module controls and measurement aerial array disc holder, it is turned clockwise, 100≤M≤170 degree from 0 to M degree;
The 3rd step: the frequency synthesis module produce reference clock and send it to signal processing module, the control command that receives signal processing module to be producing broadband emission signal and radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal, and the broadband emission signal is sent to transmitter module and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal is sent to time delay module;
The 4th step: transmitter module carries out the broadband emission signal power amplification and waveform modulated and sends to transmitting antenna array;
The 5th step: signal processing module produces a work schedule after receiving reference clock, control transmits and receives in N the antenna element of aerial array i and transmits and receives that passage is opened and remaining transmits and receives the passage shutoff thus, by i antenna element of transmitting antenna array to external radiation broadband emission signal, 1≤i≤N wherein, 64≤N≤256;
The 6th step: this broadband emission signal arrives the surface of target and reflexes to receiving antenna array and received this rf echo signal and sent it to receiver module by its i antenna element;
The 7th step: the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives is carried out accurate delay to time delay module so that its phase place is consistent with the phase place of the rf echo signal that reflects from the center surface of target, and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that will delay time then sends to receiver module;
The 8th step: in the receiver module with the power amplification of the rf echo signal that receives to the power approximately equal of the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives or at the same order of magnitude, then the wave filter in this receiver module carries out filtering to the rf echo signal through power amplification, frequency mixer will carry out mixing so that this rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency with the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives through the rf echo signal of power amplification and filtering then, again this echo signal of intermediate frequency will be transferred to signal processing module at last;
The 9th step: the high-speed AD converter in this signal processing module is sampled to the echo signal of intermediate frequency of input, be converted into digital echo signal and send to programmable logic device (PLD), programmable logic device (PLD) is down-converted to baseband signal with digital echo signal and it is saved in the storer;
The tenth step: repeating step three is saved in the storer up to the digital echo data through down coversion with N passage to step 9, finishes the echo data that the aerial array disc holder obtains by aerial array scanning when 0 degree position thus;
The 11 step: every rotation 0.2 degree of aerial array disc holder is to the unspecified angle between 1 degree, aerial array run-down target, repeating step three is to step 10, rotate to the M degree up to the aerial array disc holder, the digital echo signal of N the passage that programmable logic device (PLD) obtains scanning is down-converted to baseband signal and it is saved in the storer;
The 12 step: digital signal processor reads all echo datas and carries out three-dimensional imaging and handle from storer, wherein adopt known image processing method to handle echo data, obtains the millimeter wave 3 d image data;
The 13 step: digital signal processor sends to photoelectric commutator with this millimeter wave 3 d image data, thus electric signal is converted to light signal, and in the mode of light signal the millimeter wave 3 d image data is sent to apparent control module;
The 14 step: this shows the control module millimeter wave 3-D view is presented on the screen.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Design a kind of millimeter wave imaging system of array antenna are scan in the present invention, in 1 meter scopes in surface such as distance object, carry out millimeter wave scanning imaging, obtain high-resolution millimeter-wave image, resolution can reach the cm level, and can realize the multiple image of body surface different angles.The millimeter-wave image of these body surfaces can be applicable to multiple industrial circle, comprises fields such as safe procuratorial work, gap detection, three-dimensional imaging.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural upright synoptic diagram of the millimeter wave imaging system of array antenna are scan of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of aerial array form of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of the millimeter wave imaging system of array antenna are scan of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the working timing figure of mm-wave imaging device of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the servo controller module frame chart;
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram with the millimeter wave imaging system imaging method of array antenna are scan of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-AC servo motor, 2-motor driver, 3-power supply adaptor, the 4-speed reduction unit, 5-belt pulley, 6-aerial array disc holder, 7-grating chi, the 8-optoelectronic switch, 9-servo controller, 10-signal acquisition module, 11-self calibration positive control module, 12-scanning curve control module, 13-interactive communication module, the 14-signal is handled extension set.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
The millimeter wave imaging system of array antenna are scan of the present invention comprises: 2 transmitting antenna arrays, 2 receiving antenna arrays, aerial array disc holder, transmitter module, receiver module, servocontrol module, frequency synthesis module, time delay module, signal processing modules and apparent control modules; Wherein:
The aerial array disc holder comprises rotatable central shaft and by the metal circular dish of this central shaft driven rotary.The radius of this circular discs is between 0.5-2 rice.
The servocontrol module is used for the driving shaft of control AC servo motor with the anglec of rotation of a kind of sinusoidal speed rotation and control and detection aerial array disc holder, so that it can spend in positive and negative rotation 100, perhaps 100 the degree-170 the degree between arbitrarily angled, as 140 the degree.
This servocontrol module comprises servo control mechanism, measures feedback mechanism and servo controller, wherein:
Servo control mechanism is made of AC servo motor 1, motor driver 2, power supply adaptor 3, speed reduction unit 4 and belt pulley 5.AC servo motor 1 drives the motion of gear train and aerial array disc holder as the source of control power.Motor driver 2 receives the movement instruction signal of servo controllers and is converted into the gating pulse of AC servo motor 1 and directly controls speed and the position of motor movement in conjunction with the code device signal of AC servo motor 1 axle head configuration, makes the driving shaft of this motor rotate with a kind of sinusoidal speed.Used in the present invention is the AC servo motor 1 of GV6 driver and supporting N0 series thereof, has that the control parameter can be regulated, easy characteristics such as planning of velocity location.Power supply adaptor 3 is converted to AC power direct supply and possesses rectification function, and realize power supply for motor and driver and supply with and can realize over-voltage protecting function, its continuous power output 300W, peak power output is 9KW.The output shaft of motor drives the motion of aerial array disc holder through the gear train of speed reduction unit and belt pulley formation, and the total reduction gear ratio of system is 86.2367.
Measuring feedback mechanism is made of grating chi 7, optoelectronic switch 8.Grating chi 7 is installed on the central shaft of aerial array disc holder 6, its absolute zero position is in the center of aerial array disc holder 6 ranges of operation, and grating chi 7 read heads are fixed in aerial array disc holder 6 and rotate generation quadrature coding pulse signal with support and resolve angle information.The grating chi 7 that the present invention uses is the increment type circle grating of RESD series, increment type grating chi 7 is few than absolute type grating chi 7 system's lines, interface is simple, its groove number is 32768, and system accuracy can reach 1.08 rads, suitable High Speed System and the very high measurement occasion of accuracy requirement.This servocontrol module is equipped with two optoelectronic switches 8, and the spacing and operational centre indication disk of fit angle uses, and is installed on the top of aerial array disc holder 6, can indicate the center of extreme position and rough grade.That optoelectronic switch 8 has is contactless, do not have machinery collision, the fast characteristics of response speed, can satisfy the limit function that designs among the present invention and use.
The structured flowchart of servo controller 9 as shown in Figure 5, servo controller 9 comprises the scanning curve control module 12 of interactive communication module 13, signal acquisition module 10, self calibration positive control module 11 and servo control mechanism, and servo controller 9 adopts the TMS320F2812 of TI company to handle the The whole control flow process as main control chip.
Self calibration positive control module 11 is finished the self calibration positive order that signal processing extension set issues, and realizes that the aerial array disc holder precisely returns zero, and prepares for scanning work instructs.
Scanning curve control module 12 is finished signal and is handled the scanning work instruction that extension set issues, and realizes that finally the aerial array disc holder moves according to scanning curve.
Servo controller carries out according to two kinds of patterns:
First pattern: finish self check and proofread and correct, self check is proofreaied and correct in the course of work and to be gathered grating chis 7 read head calculated signals by servo controller 9 and go out load situation and control motor and return zero and move, after finishing correction, report signal to handle the extension set wait servo condition information and issue work order, it is as follows specifically to work:
After controller was received the self calibration positive order, drive motor motion 15 degree stopped the number of buses of process in the system acquisition motion process, and the line numerical value of adjacent two Z pulses place.Calculate the absolute line number of first Z pulse place of process in the motion process according to above-mentioned algorithm, can calculate the current absolute line number of load thus.Make aerial array disc holder 6 move to the zero-bit place according to absolute position conversion control motor and finish back the odd-job work.For preparing to carry out scanning work, control antenna array disc holder 6 moves to+55 degree positions, and uploads signal processing extension set and finish the self check correction.
Second pattern: finish scanning work, in the scanning work process by servo controller 9 according to predetermined scanning motion curve calculation parameter and bind motor driver 2 and make aerial array disc holder 6 carry out scanning motion.Its course of work is:
By the direction of center pilot light electric switch 8 signals judgement aerial array disc holder 6 current relative zero-bits, and control antenna array disc holder 6 carries out scanning motion, transmission scanning completion status word behind the end of run.Because finishing rear motor, self calibration positive order or each scanning work moved to work preparation angle place, and the angle of scanning work each run and planning curve immobilize, therefore only need judge that the zero-bit direction determines the direction of next scanning motion, and control antenna array disc holder 6 is pressed predetermined curve and is moved.
Transmitting antenna array is used for the radiated radio frequency (RF) signal, and launching antenna array is shown N antenna element, and each antenna element is corresponding, and riches all the way penetrates passage, and antenna array is shown N road electric switch to control the time-sharing work of transmission channel, namely turns on and off.In the present invention, N between 64-256, preferred 208.Gap size is a wavelength X between two antenna elements.
Receiving antenna array is used for the received RF echoed signal, and receiving antenna array is shown N antenna element, corresponding one road receiving cable of each antenna element, and antenna array is shown N road electric switch with the time-sharing work of control receiving cable, namely turns on and off.In the present invention, N between 64-256, preferred 208.Gap size is a wavelength X between two antenna elements.
The form that transmits and receives antenna element has multiple, can be microstrip antenna, Waveguide slot antenna, dipole and bell-mouth antenna etc.The size that transmits and receives antenna element can be the long and wide wavelength X that is, and the beam angle of antenna element is the 30-120 degree, preferred 60 degree.
The frequency synthesis module, and sends to the broadband emission signal transmitter module and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal is sent to time delay module producing broadband emission signal and radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal for generation of reference clock and the control command that sends it to signal processing module and receive signal processing module.High-speed DDS), be used for the broadband emission signal frequency multiplication to the frequency multiplier of required frequency range, for generation of the frequency mixer of radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal, for generation of the crystal oscillator of reference clock etc. it comprises: (be called for short: for generation of the high speed direct synthesizer of broadband emission signal.In the present invention, the highest signal bandwidth B of the broadband emission signal that this high-speed DDS produces is 1.2GHz, and pulsewidth τ is 10us.The broadband emission signal frequency multiplication that frequency multiplier produces high-speed DDS to 20GHz between the 40GHz or 90GHz between the 110GHz.Reference clock is 60MHz.
Time delay module is used for the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives is carried out accurate delay so that its phase place is consistent with phase place from the rf echo signal of the center surface reflection of target, and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal of delaying time is sent to receiver module.
Transmitter module is used for the broadband emission signal from the frequency synthesis module is carried out power amplification and waveform modulated, and sends it to transmitting antenna array, and it comprises for the solid-state power amplifier of power amplification and is used for the transmitted waveform modulator of waveform modulated.
Receiver module is used for the rf echo signal that receives is carried out processing such as power amplification, filtering, mixing, realization transforms to echo signal of intermediate frequency with rf echo signal, and it comprises low noise amplifier for power amplification, be used for filter filtering and be used for rf echo signal is transformed to the frequency mixer etc. of echo signal of intermediate frequency.
Detailed process is: low noise amplifier with the power amplification of the rf echo signal that receives to getting final product with the power approximately equal of the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives or at the same order of magnitude, then this wave filter carries out filtering to the rf echo signal through power amplification, and frequency mixer will carry out mixing so that this rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency through the rf echo signal of power amplification and filtering and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives then.
Signal processing module for generation of indication frequency synthesis module produce various signals control command, according to reference clock produce imaging device work schedule, echo signal of intermediate frequency is sampled and Digital Down Convert, carry out three-dimensional imaging and handle, obtain the 3 d image data of target and it is transferred to apparent control module.It comprises: the high-speed AD converter that is used for echo signal of intermediate frequency is sampled, be used for to the digital intermediate frequency echoed signal after the sampling carry out down coversion programmable logic device (PLD), be used for the echo data through Digital Down Convert is carried out digital signal processor, storer that three-dimensional imaging handles, is used for 3 d image data is sent to the photoelectric commutator that shows the control module etc. at a high speed.Working timing figure can be as shown in Figure 4.
Showing the control module is used for the 3 d image data that receives is shown as 3-D view in real time.Human-computer interaction interface that can also be by showing the control module is to servocontrol module and signal processing module input working parameter and send steering order.For example, this apparent control module can be a computing machine that has display screen.
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of the millimeter wave imaging system of the comprehensive scanning of single antenna array of the present utility model.
Introduce the course of work of the millimeter wave imaging system of array antenna are scan of the present invention below:
At first behind system's electrifying startup, each module is carried out initialization setting and self check, and transceiver channel and the spoke phase behaviour of carrying out transmitting antenna array in the imaging system and receiving antenna array are proofreaied and correct; Then the servocontrol module begins to control the driving shaft of motor with a kind of sinusoidal speed rotation, thereby drive the rotation of aerial array disc holder, and the anglec of rotation of servocontrol module controls and measurement aerial array disc holder, make its from 0 to 140 degree forward (clockwise) rotation, in this process, the frequency synthesis module produces reference clock and sends it to signal processing module, receive the control command of signal processing module to produce broadband emission signal and radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal, and the broadband emission signal is sent to transmitter module and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal is sent to time delay module, and this transmitter module carries out the broadband emission signal power amplification and waveform modulated and sends to transmitting antenna array; Signal processing module produces a work schedule after receiving reference clock, control transmits and receives that the i(1≤i in N the antenna element of aerial array≤N) is individual to transmit and receive that passage is opened and remaining transmits and receives the passage shutoff thus, by i antenna element of transmitting antenna array to external radiation broadband emission signal, this broadband emission signal arrives the surface of target and reflexes to receiving antenna array and received this rf echo signal and sent it to receiver module by its i antenna element, and time delay module carries out accurate delay with the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives so that its phase place is consistent with phase place from the rf echo signal of the center surface of target reflection, the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that to delay time then sends to receiver module, low noise amplifier in this receiver module with the power amplification of the rf echo signal that receives to equating with the power of the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives or approximately equal or get final product at the same order of magnitude, then the wave filter in this receiver module carries out filtering to the rf echo signal through power amplification, frequency mixer will carry out mixing so that this rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency through the rf echo signal of power amplification and filtering and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives then, the centre frequency of this echo signal of intermediate frequency is 60MHz preferably, again this echo signal of intermediate frequency is transferred to signal processing module at last; High-speed AD converter in this signal processing module is sampled to the echo signal of intermediate frequency of input, be converted into digital echo signal and send to programmable logic device (PLD), this programmable logic device (PLD) is down-converted to baseband signal with digital echo signal and it is saved in the storer; , in this way, the digital echo data through down coversion of N passage being saved in the storer, the echo data of preserving this moment only is the echo data that the aerial array disc holder obtains by aerial array scanning when 0 degree position.
Can scan to obtain echo data with the angle intervals of any setting, for example angle intervals is the 0.2-1 degree.Preferably, every rotation 0.5 degree of aerial array disc holder, aerial array run-down target object can certainly be every rotation 1 degree run-down.
When the aerial array disc holder rotates to 140 degree and after all echo datas all are saved in the storer, digital signal processor read all echo datas and carried out the three-dimensional imaging processing from storer this moment, wherein adopt known image processing algorithm to handle echo data, as the BP algorithm, obtain the millimeter wave 3 d image data; By photoelectric commutator this millimeter wave 3 d image data is sent to again and show the control module.Should show the control module is presented at the millimeter wave 3-D view on the screen.In addition, the human-computer interaction interface that the staff also can be by showing the control module is to servocontrol module and signal processing module input working parameter with send steering order.
The above-mentioned course of work has been finished the three-dimensional imaging to a target object, and this moment, the aerial array disc holder was rotated in the forward 140 degree.Those skilled in the art knows, also the aerial array disc holder can be rotated in the forward 120,160 degree or 170 and spend scanning and the three-dimensional imaging that waits to finish to target object.
The purpose of above-mentioned self check is mainly obtained the initial amplitude of transceiver channel and the information of phase place, utilizes transceiver channel that this information carries out and the correction of spoke phase behaviour, makes the spoke phase behaviour unanimity of each transceiver channel.
When beginning that next target object carried out scanning imagery, the aerial array disc holder just can reverse rotation be finished whole three-dimensional imaging process as 140 degree.Certainly, those skilled in the art knows, also can carry out reverse rotation earlier a target object is carried out scanning imagery, carries out to be rotated in the forward again next target object is carried out scanning imagery.
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram with the millimeter wave imaging system imaging method of array antenna are scan of the present invention.
Introduce the formation method of the millimeter wave imaging system of array antenna are scan of the present invention below:
The first step: imaging system powers on, and each module is carried out initialization setting and self check, and carries out transceiver channel and the correction of spoke phase behaviour of transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array.
The purpose of self check is mainly obtained the initial amplitude of transceiver channel and the information of phase place, utilizes transceiver channel that this information carries out and the correction of spoke phase behaviour, makes the spoke phase behaviour unanimity of each transceiver channel.
Second step: the servocontrol module begins to control the driving shaft of motor with a kind of sinusoidal speed rotation, thereby drive the rotation of aerial array disc holder, and the anglec of rotation of servocontrol module controls and measurement aerial array disc holder, it is turned clockwise, 100≤M≤170 degree from 0 to M degree.
The 3rd step: the frequency synthesis module produce reference clock and send it to signal processing module, the control command that receives signal processing module to be producing broadband emission signal and radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal, and the broadband emission signal is sent to transmitter module and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal is sent to time delay module.
The 4th step: transmitter module carries out the broadband emission signal power amplification and waveform modulated and sends to transmitting antenna array.
The 5th step: signal processing module produces a work schedule after receiving reference clock, control transmits and receives that the i(1≤i in N the antenna element of aerial array≤N) is individual to transmit and receive that passage is opened and remaining transmits and receives the passage shutoff thus, by i antenna element of transmitting antenna array to external radiation broadband emission signal.
The 6th step: this broadband emission signal arrives the surface of target and reflexes to receiving antenna array and received this rf echo signal and sent it to receiver module by its i antenna element.
The 7th step: the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives is carried out accurate delay to time delay module so that its phase place is consistent with the phase place of the rf echo signal that reflects from the center surface of target, and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that will delay time then sends to receiver module.
The 8th step: in the receiver module with the power amplification of the rf echo signal that receives to equating with the power of the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives or approximately equal or at the same order of magnitude, then the wave filter in this receiver module carries out filtering to the rf echo signal through power amplification, frequency mixer will carry out mixing so that this rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency with the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives through the rf echo signal of power amplification and filtering then, again this echo signal of intermediate frequency will be transferred to signal processing module at last.
The 9th step: the high-speed AD converter in this signal processing module is sampled to the echo signal of intermediate frequency of input, be converted into digital echo signal and send to programmable logic device (PLD), programmable logic device (PLD) is down-converted to baseband signal with digital echo signal and it is saved in the storer.
The tenth step: repeating step three is saved in the storer up to the digital echo data through down coversion with N passage to step 9, finishes the echo data that the aerial array disc holder obtains by aerial array scanning when 0 degree position thus.
The 11 step: every rotation 0.2 degree of aerial array disc holder is to the unspecified angle between 1 degree, aerial array run-down target object, repeating step three is to step 10, rotate to the M degree up to the aerial array disc holder, the digital echo signal of N the passage that programmable logic device (PLD) obtains scanning is down-converted to baseband signal and it is saved in the storer.
The 12 step: digital signal processor reads all echo datas and carries out three-dimensional imaging and handle from storer, wherein adopt known image processing method to handle echo data, obtains the millimeter wave 3 d image data.
Known image processing method can be RD method, BP method, CS method, wk method and back scattering method etc.The present invention preferably adopts the BP method to handle echo data.
The 13 step: digital signal processor sends to photoelectric commutator with this millimeter wave 3 d image data, thus electric signal is converted to light signal, and in the mode of light signal the millimeter wave 3 d image data is sent to apparent control module.
The 14 step: this shows the control module millimeter wave 3-D view is presented on the screen.
Preferably, M is 120 degree, 140 degree or 160 degree.
Preferably, N is the value between 64-256, and is preferred, N=208.
Preferably, the highest signal bandwidth B of broadband emission signal is 1.2GHz, and pulsewidth τ is 10us.
Preferably, reference clock is 60MHz.
Preferably, the centre frequency of echo signal of intermediate frequency is 60MHz.
Preferably, every rotation 0.5 degree of aerial array disc holder, aerial array run-down target object.
The millimeter wave imaging system of array antenna are scan of the present invention and the advantage of formation method:
(1) this imaging system has adopted the signal based on high-speed DDS to produce scheme, makes and the control circuit simplicity of design can realize big bandwidth by frequency multiplication, and do not need to carry out the frequency linearity correction, and system complexity reduces, and cost is low.
(2) this imaging system is full coherent system, is conducive to the coherent accumulation of echoed signal, can obtain high-quality image, has reduced the requirement to the system imaging compensation.
(3) this imaging system adopts the scheme of echoed signal Digital Down Convert to baseband signal, the adverse effect that the passage inconsistency of having avoided analog down to bring is brought image quality.
(4) this imaging system and formation method thereof can obtain the high-resolution millimeter wave three-dimensional image of centimetre-sized, and the real-time of three-dimensional imaging can be specially adapted to the safety inspection field up to 1 second to target object surface imaging.
Claims (8)
1. the millimeter wave imaging system imaging method of an array antenna are scan, this millimeter wave imaging system comprises: aerial array disc holder, servocontrol module, frequency synthesis module, transmitter module, transmitting antenna array, receiving antenna array, receiver module, time delay module, signal processing module and apparent control module, wherein:
The aerial array disc holder comprises rotatable central shaft and by the metal circular dish of this central shaft driven rotary, this central shaft rotation of motor-driven;
The servocontrol module is used for the driving shaft of control AC servo motor with the anglec of rotation of sinusoidal speed rotation and control and detection aerial array disc holder, it is turned clockwise from 0 to M degree, 100≤M≤170 degree, it comprises: servo control mechanism, measurement feedback mechanism and servo controller, wherein:
Servo control mechanism comprises AC servo motor (1), motor driver (2), power supply adaptor (3), speed reduction unit (4) and belt pulley (5); The AC servo motor main shaft is by the ring flange connection reducer, the motion of speed reduction unit drive pulley, belt pulley links to each other with the aerial array disc holder, drive detector gate aerial array disc holder and finish various FMs, AC servo motor is directly controlled by motor driver, and motor driver connects power supply adaptor and realizes that AC-DC conversion provides power supply and realizes defencive function for electric system;
Measure feedback mechanism and comprise grating chi (7), optoelectronic switch (8), grating chi (7) is installed on the aerial array disc holder main shaft, grating chi (7) thus read head is fixed in the aerial array disc holder and rotate produces the angle information that the rotation of aerial array disc holder is measured in the coded signal pulse with framework, optoelectronic switch (8) is installed on aerial array disc holder (6) top and contacts with angle indication disk, can realize the indication of center zero-bit and extreme position;
Servo controller comprises: the scanning curve control module of interactive communication module, signal acquisition module, self calibration positive control module and servo control mechanism; The interactive communication module is divided into two parts: a part is finished the communication of handling extension set with signal, receives its command signal that issues and feeds back current servo-drive system status information; Another part is finished and the communicating by letter of motor driver, and servo actuator is implemented control; Wherein, signal acquisition module is handled quadrature coding pulse signal and the photoelectric switching signal of grating; Self calibration positive control module is finished signal and is handled the self calibration positive order that extension set issues; The scanning curve control module is finished signal and is handled the scanning worker that extension set issues and organize instruction;
The frequency synthesis module comprises high speed direct synthesizer for generation of the broadband emission signal, be used for the broadband emission signal frequency multiplication to the frequency multiplier of required frequency range, for generation of the frequency mixer of radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal, for generation of the crystal oscillator of reference clock;
Transmitter module comprises for the solid-state power amplifier of power amplification and is used for the transmitted waveform modulator of waveform modulated;
Launching antenna array is shown N antenna element, and each antenna element is corresponding, and riches all the way penetrates passage, and antenna array is shown N road electric switch with the time-sharing work of control transmission channel, namely turns on and off, wherein 64≤N≤256;
Receiving antenna array is shown N antenna element, corresponding one road receiving cable of each antenna element, and antenna array is shown N road electric switch with the time-sharing work of control receiving cable, namely turns on and off, wherein 64≤N≤256;
Receiver module comprises low noise amplifier for power amplification, be used for filter filtering and be used for rf echo signal is transformed to the frequency mixer of echo signal of intermediate frequency;
Signal processing module comprises: the high-speed AD converter that is used for echo signal of intermediate frequency is sampled, be used for to the digital intermediate frequency echoed signal after the sampling carry out down coversion programmable logic device (PLD), be used for the echo data through Digital Down Convert is carried out digital signal processor, storer that three-dimensional imaging handles, is used for 3 d image data is sent to the photoelectric commutator that shows the control module at a high speed;
This formation method comprises:
The first step: imaging system powers on, and each module is carried out initialization setting and self check, and carries out transceiver channel and the correction of spoke phase behaviour of transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array;
Second step: the servocontrol module begins to control the driving shaft of motor with a kind of sinusoidal speed rotation, thereby drive the rotation of aerial array disc holder, and the anglec of rotation of servocontrol module controls and measurement aerial array disc holder, it is turned clockwise, 100≤M≤170 degree from 0 to M degree;
The 3rd step: the frequency synthesis module produce reference clock and send it to signal processing module, the control command that receives signal processing module to be producing broadband emission signal and radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal, and the broadband emission signal is sent to transmitter module and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal is sent to time delay module;
The 4th step: transmitter module carries out the broadband emission signal power amplification and waveform modulated and sends to transmitting antenna array;
The 5th step: signal processing module produces a work schedule after receiving reference clock, control transmits and receives in N the antenna element of aerial array i and transmits and receives that passage is opened and remaining transmits and receives the passage shutoff thus, by i antenna element of transmitting antenna array to external radiation broadband emission signal, 1≤i≤N wherein, 64≤N≤256;
The 6th step: this broadband emission signal arrives the surface of target and reflexes to receiving antenna array and received this rf echo signal and sent it to receiver module by its i antenna element;
The 7th step: the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives is carried out accurate delay to time delay module so that its phase place is consistent with the phase place of the rf echo signal that reflects from the center surface of target, and the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that will delay time then sends to receiver module;
The 8th step: in the receiver module with the power amplification of the rf echo signal that receives to the power approximately equal of the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives or at the same order of magnitude, then the wave filter in this receiver module carries out filtering to the rf echo signal through power amplification, frequency mixer will carry out mixing so that this rf echo signal is transformed to echo signal of intermediate frequency with the radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator signal that receives through the rf echo signal of power amplification and filtering then, again this echo signal of intermediate frequency will be transferred to signal processing module at last;
The 9th step: the high-speed AD converter in this signal processing module is sampled to the echo signal of intermediate frequency of input, be converted into digital echo signal and send to programmable logic device (PLD), programmable logic device (PLD) is down-converted to baseband signal with digital echo signal and it is saved in the storer;
The tenth step: repeating step three is saved in the storer up to the digital echo data through down coversion with N passage to step 9, finishes the echo data that the aerial array disc holder obtains by aerial array scanning when 0 degree position thus;
The 11 step: every rotation 0.2 degree of aerial array disc holder is to the unspecified angle between 1 degree, aerial array run-down target, repeating step three is to step 10, rotate to the M degree up to the aerial array disc holder, the digital echo signal of N the passage that programmable logic device (PLD) obtains scanning is down-converted to baseband signal and it is saved in the storer;
The 12 step: digital signal processor reads all echo datas and carries out three-dimensional imaging and handle from storer, wherein adopt known image processing method to handle echo data, obtains the millimeter wave 3 d image data;
The 13 step: digital signal processor sends to photoelectric commutator with this millimeter wave 3 d image data, thus electric signal is converted to light signal, and in the mode of light signal the millimeter wave 3 d image data is sent to apparent control module;
The 14 step: this shows the control module millimeter wave 3-D view is presented on the screen.
2. according to the formation method of claim 1, M=140 degree wherein.
3. according to the formation method of claim 1, N=208 wherein.
4. according to the formation method of claim 1, wherein the highest signal bandwidth B of broadband emission signal is 1.2GHz, pulsewidth τ is 10us, reference clock is 60MHz, the broadband emission signal frequency multiplication that frequency multiplier produces the high speed direct synthesizer to 20GHz between the 40GHz or 90GHz between the 110GHz.
5. according to the formation method of claim 1, wherein the centre frequency of echo signal of intermediate frequency is 60MHz.
6. according to the formation method of claim 1, wherein aerial array run-down target is spent in the every rotation 0.5 of aerial array disc holder.
7. according to the formation method of claim 1, wherein launching antenna array is classified 2 and receiving antenna array as and is classified 2 as, each transmitting antenna array and each receiving antenna array form a pair of, be fixed in screw-type on the edge of aerial array disk, wherein each group transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array between be 0.5-5cm at interval, each aerial array is fixed on the edge of aerial array disk in vertical mode, each group transmitting antenna array and receiving antenna array are to being isometric, the size that transmits and receives antenna element is the long and wide wavelength X that is, and beam angle is 60 degree.
8. according to the formation method of claim 1, wherein said servo controller carries out work according to following pattern:
First pattern: finish self check and proofread and correct, self check is proofreaied and correct in the course of work and to be gathered grating chi (7) read head calculated signals by servo controller (9) and go out load situation and control motor and return zero and move, after finishing correction, report signal to handle extension set servo condition information and wait for that issuing scanning work instructs;
Second pattern: finish scanning work, in the scanning work process by servo controller (9) according to the scanning motion curve calculation parameter of setting and control motor driver (2) and make servo-drive system aerial array disc holder (6) carry out scanning motion.
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Effective date of registration: 20190903 Address after: 100013 Beijing City, Dongcheng District Hepingli No. 3 South Street Patentee after: Beijing Huahang Haiying New Technology Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100013 Beijing City, Dongcheng District Hepingli No. 3 South Street Patentee before: Beijing Huahang Radio Measurement Research Institute |