CN104269658B - For the arcuate array antenna of MIMO-SAR imaging - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging.Arcuate array antenna comprises: for the arc emission array antenna of microwave radiation signal, the arcuately bearing of trend arrangement of each separate transmit antenna array element in arc emission array antenna, and the radiation port of each separate transmit antenna array element is facing to outside arc; For receiving the arc receiving array antenna of echo-signal, neighbouring or inside and outside adjacent with arc emission array antenna, the arcuately bearing of trend arrangement of each individual reception bay in arc receiving array antenna, and each individual reception bay and each separate transmit antenna array element are interlocked successively, and the radiation port of each individual reception bay is facing to outside arc.Thereby, it is possible to realize Large visual angle scope imaging observation.In addition, adopt arcuate array antenna configuration, its array does not increase with beam area to resolution and reduces, and can keep relative stability, and is therefore conducive to the high-resolution imaging observation around observation platform.

Description

For the arcuate array antenna of MIMO-SAR imaging

Technical field

The present invention relates to microwave imaging field, particularly, relate to a kind of arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR (multiple-input and multiple-output-synthetic aperture radar) imaging.

Background technology

The impact by landform, weather and the factor such as round the clock of traditional visual, optics or the measure such as infrared is comparatively large, does not possess round-the-clock and ability to work that is round-the-clock.Airborne array antenna forword-looking imaging system can not only penetrate cigarette, mist, cloud layer and floating dust etc., and do not affect by weather and climate, and the imaging of Real-time High Resolution rate can be carried out to region, aircraft front lower place, can also for the landing of aircraft, scouting, search and rescue and take off real terrestrial information is provided, strengthen navigation and the transport rescue ability of aircraft.

Existing airborne array antenna forword-looking imaging system, based on airborne linear array antenna forword-looking imaging mechanism, utilizes microwave switch to switch and realizes linear array synthesis, carry out high-resolution imaging to region, aircraft flight route front lower place.But owing to adopting linear array antenna and time sharing mode, making it there is more problem needs to improve further.On the one hand, its areas imaging is mainly limited to the beam area of individual antenna, namely can not realize the observation of Large visual angle scope.Thus, if aircraft is wanted to observe its peripheral region, it needs to move to this areas adjacent, and uses airborne linear array antenna to carry out microwave imaging perception.If aircraft flies in such as mountain area etc. comparatively complex environment, by restriction of obstacle, may not frequently movement, and mobile dangerous property.Like this, just microwave imaging perception cannot may be carried out to desired zone.On the other hand, in linear array antenna, array increases along with beam area to resolution and reduces, and also namely resolution changes with Target space position.Therefore, the high-resolution imaging observation around airborne platform is unfavorable for.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging that can expand microwave imaging regional extent.

To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging, this arcuate array antenna comprises: for the arc emission array antenna of microwave radiation signal, the arcuately bearing of trend arrangement of each separate transmit antenna array element in this arc emission array antenna, and the radiation port of described each separate transmit antenna array element is facing to outside arc; For receiving the arc receiving array antenna of echo-signal, neighbouring or inside and outside adjacent with described arc emission array antenna, the arcuately bearing of trend arrangement of each individual reception bay in this arc receiving array antenna, and described each individual reception bay and described each separate transmit antenna array element are interlocked successively, and the radiation port of described each individual reception bay is facing to outside arc.

Preferably, in described arc emission array antenna, between adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element aperture centres, there is level angle separation delta θ _interval, and

${\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}_{\mathrm{Interval}}=2\×\arcsin \left(\frac{l_{h\_\mathrm{tr}}}{2R_0}\right)=2\×\arcsin \left(\frac{L_{h\_\mathrm{tr}}+2{\mathrm{\Δl}}_{\mathrm{tr}}}{2R_0}\right)$

Wherein, R ₀represent the arc radius of described arc emission array antenna; L _{h_tr}represent that separate transmit antenna array element level in described arc emission array antenna is to size; l _{h_tr}represent the horizontal range between adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element geometric centers in described arc emission array antenna; Δ l _trfor based on L _{h_tr}the parameter determined, and, Δ l _tr∈ (0, L _{h_tr}); And in described arc receiving array antenna, between adjacent two individual reception bay aperture centres, there is level angle separation delta θ ' _interval, and

${{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}^{\′}}_{\mathrm{Interval}}=2\×\arcsin \left(\frac{l_{h\_\mathrm{re}}}{2{R^{\′}}_0}\right)=2\×\arcsin \left(\frac{L_{h\_\mathrm{re}}+2{\mathrm{\Δl}}_{\mathrm{re}}}{2{R^{\′}}_0}\right)$

Wherein, R' ₀represent the arc radius of described arc receiving array antenna; L _{h_re}represent that individual reception bay level in described arc receiving array antenna is to size; l _{h_re}represent the horizontal range between adjacent two individual reception bay geometric centers in described arc receiving array antenna; Δ l _refor based on L _{h_re}the parameter determined, and, Δ l _re∈ (0, L _{h_re}).

Preferably, come in the following manner to determine Δ l respectively _trwith Δ l _re:

Δl _tr＝L _{h_tr}/16α

Δl _re＝L _{h_re}/16α

Wherein, α is a parameter preset.

Preferably, the separate transmit antenna array element level in described arc emission array antenna is to size L _{h_tr}with the individual reception bay level in described arc receiving array antenna to size L _{h_re}equal; And the horizontal range l in described arc emission array antenna between adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element geometric centers _{h_tr}and the horizontal range l in described arc receiving array antenna between adjacent two individual reception bay geometric centers _{h_re}equal.

Preferably, when described arc receiving array antenna and described arc emission array antenna neighbouring, the arc radius of described arcuate array antenna, the arc radius R of described arc emission array antenna ₀with the arc radius R' of described arc receiving array antenna ₀equal.

Preferably, the level angle separation delta θ between described adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element aperture centres _intervaland the level angle separation delta θ ' between described adjacent two individual reception bay aperture centres _intervalequal.

Preferably, in a separate transmit antenna array element aperture centre in described arc emission array antenna and described arc receiving array antenna interleaved adjacent with it individual reception bay aperture centre between there is level angle pitch difference Δ θ _midInter, and

${\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}_{\mathrm{MidInter}}=\frac{{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}_{\mathrm{Interval}}}{2}=\frac{{{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}^{\′}}_{\mathrm{Interval}}}{2}.$

Preferably, the sum of the separate transmit antenna array element in described arc emission array antenna is equal with the sum of the individual reception bay in described arc receiving array antenna, and this total N is:

Wherein, θ ₀represent the angular aperture of described arcuate array antenna.

Preferably, the type of described separate transmit antenna array element and described individual reception bay be following at least one: slot antenna, microstrip antenna, end-on-fire antenna, radiating guide, dielectric antenna or dipole antenna.

Preferably, the polarization mode of each separate transmit antenna array element in described arc emission array antenna is consistent, and be following in one: horizontal polarization, perpendicular polarization or circular polarization; And the polarization mode of each individual reception bay in described arc receiving array antenna is consistent, and be following in one: horizontal polarization, perpendicular polarization or circular polarization.

By the arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging provided by the invention, effectively prevent the problem that conventional linear array image-forming observation scope retrains by the beamwidth of individual antenna, Large visual angle scope imaging observation can be realized.When observation platform geo-stationary, carry out microwave signal transmitting-receiving based on arcuate array antenna provided by the invention, still can realize carrying out microwave imaging perception to platform surrounding environment, or even 360 ° of comprehensive scenes.In addition, adopt arcuate array antenna configuration, its array does not increase with beam area to resolution and reduces, and can keep relative stability, and is therefore conducive to the high-resolution imaging observation around observation platform.Arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging provided by the invention can be applied to airborne observation platform.Like this, can improve the observation scope of aircraft a position, aircraft is observed without the need to frequently moving or rotating, thus improves the fail safe of aircraft flight.

Other features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in embodiment part subsequently.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for specification, is used from explanation the present invention, but is not construed as limiting the invention with embodiment one below.In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the example platforms that the arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging provided by the invention, the microwave signal receive-transmit system for MIMO-SAR imaging and MIMO-SAR imaging system are applied;

Fig. 2 a is three-dimensional layout's design sketch of arcuate array antenna;

Fig. 2 b is the layout design sketch that arc line array antenna tangentially launches;

Fig. 2 c is the downward projection design sketch of arc line array antenna;

Fig. 3 shows the structural representation of the microwave signal receive-transmit system for MIMO-SAR imaging according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 shows the structural representation of microwave switch network;

Fig. 5 shows the structural representation of MIMO transceiver module;

Fig. 6 shows the transmitting-receiving sequencing control schematic diagram of MIMO microwave signal receive-transmit system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 shows the structural representation of the MIMO-SAR imaging system based on arcuate array according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 shows the flow chart of the MIMO-SAR formation method based on arcuate array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention; And

Fig. 9 shows arcuate array antenna MIMO-SAR imaging coordinate system.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.Should be understood that, embodiment described herein, only for instruction and explanation of the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.

The example platforms that Fig. 1 shows the arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging provided by the invention, the microwave signal receive-transmit system for MIMO-SAR imaging is applied.As shown in Figure 1, described arcuate array antenna 1 and described microwave signal receive-transmit system etc. all can be loaded on aircraft platform 22, and move with this aircraft platform 22.Microwave signal receive-transmit system can carry out microwave signal radiation by arcuate array antenna 1, and this microwave signal reflects to form echo-signal via observation scene 21, then receives described echo-signal via arcuate array antenna 1.Afterwards, via MIMO-SAR formation method provided by the invention, imaging Graphics Processing is carried out to echo-signal, to demonstrate the image of observation scene 21.As shown in Figure 1, owing to carrying out microwave signal transmitting-receiving based on arcuate array antenna, thus compared to linear array antenna, wider observation scope can be realized.

The execution mode of arcuate array antenna 1 provided by the invention is described in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c.

Fig. 2 a is three-dimensional layout's design sketch of arcuate array antenna 1, and Fig. 2 b is the layout design sketch that arc line array antenna 1 tangentially launches, and Fig. 2 c is the downward projection design sketch of arc line array antenna 1.Consider receive-transmit isolation and dynamic range, arcuate array antenna 1 adopts bistatic structure, and namely transmitting antenna and reception antenna are separately.Such as, as shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c, arcuate array antenna 1 can comprise arc emission array antenna 101 (that is, " AC ") and arc receiving array antenna 102 (that is, " BD ").Described arc emission array antenna 101 for microwave radiation signal, each separate transmit antenna array element (such as, the T in this arc emission array antenna 101 ₁, T ₂, T ₃, T _n..., T _n, wherein, 1≤n≤N) can arcuately bearing of trend arrangement.Described arc receiving array antenna 102 is for receiving echo-signal (this echo-signal is the microwave signal of microwave signal by such as observing scene 21 be reflected back through the radiation of arc emission array antenna 101), and this arc receiving array antenna 102 can be neighbouring with described arc emission array antenna 101, each individual reception bay (such as, R in this arc receiving array antenna 102 ₁, R ₂, R ₃, R _n..., R _n) can arcuately arrange by bearing of trend, and described each individual reception bay and described each separate transmit antenna array element are interlocked successively.Such as, separate transmit antenna array element T ₁with individual reception bay R ₁and R ₂interleaved adjacent, separate transmit antenna array element T ₂with individual reception bay R ₂and R ₃interleaved adjacent, by that analogy.

The radiation port of each stand-alone antenna array element (comprising each reception antenna array element and each transmitting antenna array element) facing to outside arc, thus realizes round-the-clock, the round-the-clock microwave imaging observation to platform peripheral region on a large scale.

Alternatively, described arc receiving array antenna 102 also can with described arc emission array antenna 101 inside and outside adjacent, that is, described arcuate array antenna 1 is formed by inside and outside mutually sheathed arc receiving array antenna 102 and arc emission array antenna 101.Further, each individual reception bay and each separate transmit antenna array element are interlocked successively.In this embodiment, the radiation actinal surface of each stand-alone antenna array element (comprising each reception antenna array element and each transmitting antenna array element) also can outside arc, only with the arc receiving array antenna 102 of neighbouring layout compared with arc emission array antenna 101, its radiation actinal surface and horizontal direction need to have an angle, signal is transmitted and received with an incident angle by arc emission array antenna 101 and arc receiving array antenna 102, and the equivalent sampling point of formation distributes along circular arc.

In the present invention, for convenience of description, be only described for the arc emission array antenna 101 of neighbouring layout and arc receiving array antenna 102.But it is understood that following execution mode is equally applicable to arc emission array antenna 101 and the arc receiving array antenna 102 of inside and outside adjacent layout.

As shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c, in described arc emission array antenna 101, arbitrary neighborhood two separate transmit antenna array element (such as, T ₁with T ₂, T ₂with T ₃deng) level angle separation delta θ can be had between aperture centre _interval, and

${\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}_{\mathrm{Interval}}=2\×\arcsin \left(\frac{l_{h\_\mathrm{tr}}}{2R_0}\right)=2\×\arcsin \left(\frac{L_{h\_\mathrm{tr}}+2{\mathrm{\Δl}}_{\mathrm{tr}}}{2R_0}\right)---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, R ₀represent the arc radius of described arc emission array antenna 101; L _{h_tr}represent that separate transmit antenna array element level in described arc emission array antenna 101 is to size; l _{h_tr}represent the horizontal range between adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element geometric centers in described arc emission array antenna 101; Δ l _trfor based on L _{h_tr}the parameter determined, and, Δ l _tr∈ (0, L _{h_tr}).

Preferably, Δ l _tr=λ _c/ 16, wherein, λ _cfor arcuate array MIMO-SAR imaging system and the operation wavelength of arcuate array antenna that comprises thereof, and L _{h_tr}for λ _cα doubly, namely

L _{h_tr}＝αλ _c(2)

Wherein, α is a parameter preset, and α ∈ [0.25,2.00].Therefore, there is following proportionate relationship:

Δl _tr＝L _{h_tr}/16α(3)

But should be understood that, although give Δ l herein _trwith L _{h_tr}between example proportionate relationship, but the present invention is not limited thereto, all the other proportionate relationships are also applicable to the present invention.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c, in described arc receiving array antenna 102, adjacent two individual reception bay (such as, R ₁with R ₂, R ₂with R ₃deng) level angle separation delta θ ' can be had between aperture centre _interval, and

${{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}^{\′}}_{\mathrm{Interval}}=2\×\arcsin \left(\frac{l_{h\_\mathrm{re}}}{2{R^{\′}}_0}\right)=2\×\arcsin \left(\frac{L_{h\_\mathrm{re}}+2{\mathrm{\Δl}}_{\mathrm{re}}}{2{R^{\′}}_0}\right)---\left(4\right)$

Wherein, R' ₀represent the arc radius of described arc receiving array antenna 102; L _{h_re}represent that individual reception bay level in described arc receiving array antenna 102 is to size; l _{h_re}represent the horizontal range between adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element geometric centers in described arc receiving array antenna 102; Δ l _refor based on L _{h_re}the parameter determined, and, Δ l _re∈ (0, L _{h_re}).

With above-described similar, preferably, Δ l _re=λ _c/ 16, and L _{h_re}for λ _cα doubly, namely

L _{h_tr}＝αλ _c(5)

Therefore, there is following proportionate relationship:

Δl _re＝L _{h_re}/16α(6)

But should be understood that, although give Δ l herein _rewith L _{h_re}between example proportionate relationship, but the present invention is not limited thereto, all the other proportionate relationships are also applicable to the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the separate transmit antenna array element level in described arc emission array antenna 101 is to size L _{h_tr}with the individual reception bay level in described arc receiving array antenna 102 to size L _{h_re}can be equal.In addition, the horizontal range l in described arc emission array antenna 101 between adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element geometric centers _{h_tr}and the horizontal range l in described arc receiving array antenna 102 between adjacent two individual reception bay geometric centers _{h_re}can be equal.That is, in this case, Δ l _tr=Δ l _re.

In addition, when arc emission array antenna 101 and arc receiving array antenna 102 neighbouring, the arc radius R of described arc emission array antenna 101 ₀with the arc radius R' of described arc receiving array antenna 102 ₀can be equal.Further, because arcuate array antenna 1 can by arc emission array antenna 101 and arc receiving array antenna 102 be neighbouring stackingly forms, therefore, the arc radius of arcuate array antenna 1 also with the arc radius R of arc emission array antenna 101 ₀with the arc radius R' of arc receiving array antenna 102 ₀equal.In a preferred embodiment, the range of choice of described arc radius can be such as 0.05m ~ 10.00m.

In this case, the level angle separation delta θ between described adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element aperture centres _intervaland the level angle separation delta θ ' between described adjacent two individual reception bay aperture centres _intervalcan be equal.

As mentioned above, described each individual reception bay and described each separate transmit antenna array element are interlocked successively, therefore, and separate transmit antenna array element (such as a, T in described arc emission array antenna 101 ₁) individual reception bay (such as, the R of interleaved adjacent with it in aperture centre and described arc receiving array antenna 102 ₁and R ₂) level angle pitch difference Δ θ can be had between aperture centre _midInter, and:

${\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}_{\mathrm{MidInter}}=\frac{{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}_{\mathrm{Interval}}}{2}=\frac{{{\mathrm{\Δ\θ}}^{\′}}_{\mathrm{Interval}}}{2}---\left(7\right)$

Arc emission array antenna 101 and arc receiving array antenna 102 is arranged according to upper type.The sum of the separate transmit antenna array element arranged and the sum of individual reception bay can be equal, and can determine this total N by following equation (8):

Wherein, θ ₀represent the angular aperture of described arcuate array antenna 1.In a preferred embodiment, the angular aperture θ of arcuate array antenna 1 ₀size range of choice be 3 ° ~ 360 °.That is, arcuate array antenna 1 provided by the invention can form a perimeter array antenna, thus, can realize 360 ° of full-shape observations to view scene 21.Compared to linear array antenna, substantially increase observation scope.

In one embodiment of the invention, the type of described separate transmit antenna array element and described individual reception bay can be following at least one: slot antenna, microstrip antenna, end-on-fire antenna, radiating guide, dielectric antenna or dipole antenna.That is, arc emission array antenna 101 can be made up of the separate transmit antenna array element of one or more types, and arc receiving array antenna 102 also can be made up of the individual reception bay of one or more types.

In addition, the polarization mode of each separate transmit antenna array element in described arc emission array antenna 101 is consistent, and can be following in one: horizontal polarization, perpendicular polarization or circular polarization; And the polarization mode of each individual reception bay in described arc receiving array antenna 102 is consistent, and can be following in one: horizontal polarization, perpendicular polarization or circular polarization.The polarization mode of arc emission array antenna 101 can be consistent with the polarization mode of arc receiving array antenna 102, also can be inconsistent, and to this, the present invention does not limit.

The foregoing describe the structure of the arcuate array antenna 1 for MIMO-SAR imaging provided by the invention.The system and method for microwave signal transmitting-receiving for MIMO-SAR imaging is carried out based on arcuate array antenna 1 below by provided by the invention for description.

Fig. 3 shows the structural representation of the microwave signal receive-transmit system for MIMO-SAR imaging according to the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, this microwave signal receive-transmit system can comprise: MIMO transceiver module 2, for generation of and send microwave signal; Arcuate array antenna 1, comprises for the arc emission array antenna 101 of microwave radiation signal and the arc receiving array antenna 102 for receiving echo-signal; Microwave switch network 3, for receiving described microwave signal from described MIMO transceiver module 2, the separate transmit antenna array element wanting microwave signal described in radiation is selected from described arc emission array antenna 101, and this microwave signal is sent to selected separate transmit antenna array element, with by microwave signal described in this separate transmit antenna array element radiation; Described microwave switch network 3 also for selecting the individual reception bay that will receive echo-signal from described arc receiving array antenna 102, and the echo-signal received from selected individual reception bay, and this echo-signal is sent to described MIMO transceiver module 2; And described MIMO transceiver module 2 is also for receiving described echo-signal, and this echo-signal is processed, to form digital echo signal.

As can be seen from above, in described microwave signal receive-transmit system, first produce a microwave signal by MIMO transceiver module 2, and this microwave signal is sent to microwave switch network 3.This microwave switch network 3 (or according to predetermined order) can carry out the separate transmit antenna array element selecting to want microwave signal described in radiation from described arc emission array antenna 101 under the control of peripheral control unit.Afterwards, microwave switch network 3 can control conducting between selected separate transmit antenna array element, and described microwave signal is sent to this separate transmit antenna array element, to carry out radiation by it.

Afterwards, microwave signal forms echo-signal after such as observing scene 21 reflect.Similarly, microwave switch network 3 (or according to predetermined order) can select the individual reception bay that will receive echo-signal under the control of peripheral control unit from described arc receiving array antenna 102.Afterwards, microwave switch network 3 can control conducting between selected individual reception bay, and receives the echo-signal from selected individual reception bay.Afterwards, then this echo-signal is sent to described MIMO transceiver module 2, to carry out signal transacting by this MIMO transceiver module 2.

Preferably, microwave switch network 3 while the separate transmit antenna array element of microwave signal described in radiation is wanted in selection, can also select the individual reception bay that will receive echo-signal.Further, between control and selected separate transmit antenna array element while conducting, also conducting between selected individual reception bay is controlled.Like this, the echo-signal transmitted after observation scene reflectivity can be made to enter reception antenna array element, MIMO transceiver module.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, selected reception antenna array element is the reception antenna array element with selected transmitting antenna array element interleaved adjacent.Such as, for the arcuate array antenna shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c, suppose that microwave switch network 3 selects transmitting antenna array element T ₁carry out microwave signal transmitting, then for receiving the reception antenna array element of echo-signal be and this transmitting antenna array element T ₁the reception antenna array element R of interleaved adjacent ₁and R ₂.If select transmitting antenna array element T ₂carry out microwave signal transmitting, then for receiving the reception antenna array element of echo-signal be and this transmitting antenna array element T ₂the reception antenna array element R of interleaved adjacent ₂and R ₃, by that analogy.

The detailed process that microwave switch network 3 controls the switching of transmitting antenna array element and reception antenna array element is as described below.

As shown in Figure 4, microwave switch network 3 can comprise emission array switching network 301, receiving array switching network 302, driver 303 and microwave switch Centralized Controller 304.Emission array switching network 301 transmits the microwave signal of MIMO transceiver module 2 generation to arc emission array antenna 101 one by one by different switching network switching, and arc receiving array antenna 102 is received the echo-signal feeding MIMO transceiver module 2 that observation scene 21 reflects by receiving array switching network 302.

Set forth for the radial antenna array 1 shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c below.Microwave switch Centralized Controller 304 controls emission array switching network 301 by driver 303 and selects microwave switch break-make sequence number, the microwave signal produced to make MIMO transceiver module 2 successively by the interface 3011 (mono signal passage) of emission array switching network 301 and interface 3012, from separate transmit antenna array element T ₁give off.Receiving array switching network 302 selects individual reception bay R ₁and R ₂receive echo-signal.Afterwards, described echo-signal enters MIMO transceiver module 2 by interface 3022 (dual signal passage) and interface 3021 successively.

The microwave signal that MIMO transceiver module 2 produces successively by the interface 3011 of emission array switching network 301 and interface 3012, from stand-alone antenna array element T ₂give off.Receiving array switching network 302 selects individual reception bay R ₂and R ₃receive echo-signal.Afterwards, described echo-signal enters MIMO transceiver module 2 by interface 3022 and interface 3021 successively.

The microwave signal that MIMO transceiver module 2 produces successively by the interface 3011 of emission array switching network 301 and interface 3012, from separate transmit antenna array element T ₃give off.Receiving array switching network 302 selects individual reception bay R ₃and R ₄receive echo-signal.Afterwards, described echo-signal enters MIMO transceiver module 2 by interface 3022 and interface 3021 successively.

By that analogy, until the microwave signal that produces of MIMO transceiver module 2 successively by the interface 3011 of emission array switching network 301 and interface 3012, from separate transmit antenna array element T _ngive off.Receiving array switching network 302 selects individual reception bay R _n(because in the arcuate array antenna 1 shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c, with separate transmit antenna array element T _nthe reception antenna array element of interleaved adjacent only has reception antenna array element R _n) receive echo-signal.Afterwards, described echo-signal enters MIMO transceiver module 2 by interface 3022 and interface 3021 successively.

Through above microwave signal transmitting-receiving process, as shown in Figure 2 c, 2N-1 equivalent sampling point: P can be formed _apc(θ=θ _m, R _arc, h ₀), m=1 ..., (2N-1), wherein, θ is arcuate array aerial angle direction, θ=θ _mrepresent m equivalent sampling point P _apcthe angle coordinate of position coordinates, h ₀for the height of arcuate array antenna 1, and R _arcfor equivalent sampling point radius.Equivalent sampling point radius R can be determined by following equation (9) _arc:

R _arc＝R ₀tan(Δθ _Interval/2)(9)

Due to the interlaced arrangement mode of arcuate array antenna 1, make, between adjacent two equivalent sampling points, there is equivalent sampling angle intervals θ _s, and θ _s=Δ θ _interval/ 2.This equivalent sampling angle interval θ _swith above-described level angle pitch difference Δ θ _midInterequal.

Emission array switching network 301 and emission array switching network 302 can be thrown PIN switch by multiple single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) or single-pole double throw or hilted broadsword eight and form, and also can throw ferrite switch by multiple single-pole single-throw switch (SPST) or single-pole double throw or hilted broadsword eight and form.Logically equivalence can form hilted broadsword N and throw emission array switch and 2 groups of hilted broadsword N/2 throw switches, thus realize that riches all the way simultaneously and penetrate two-way receiving.Each switch comprises one for controlling the driver 303 of microwave switch passage break-make, whole microwave switch network 3 has a microwave switch Centralized Controller 304, be connected with each driver 303, and be connected with peripheral control unit (not shown) by LAN or RS232, control each way switch break-make flexibly by this peripheral control unit.

Fig. 5 shows the structural representation of MIMO transceiver module 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.Describing MIMO transceiver module 2 in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 5 is the methods of how to carry out microwave signal transmitting, reception and process.

As shown in Figure 5, described MIMO transceiver module 2 can comprise: microwave signal generation unit 201, for generation of described microwave signal, and sends described microwave signal to described microwave switch network 3 and power splitter 202; Described power splitter 202, this power splitter 202 has an input 2021 and multiple output (such as, output 2022 and 2023), for receiving described microwave signal via described input 2021, and this microwave signal is divided into the sub-microwave signal of multichannel, and carrys out one_to_one corresponding via described multiple output and send the sub-microwave signal of described multichannel; Multiple receiving element (such as, receiving element 203 and 204), each receiving element is for receiving the echo-signal from the reception antenna array element selected by one; And multiple processing unit (such as, processing unit 205 and 206), each output of each processing unit and described power splitter 202 connects one to one, and connect one to one with each receiving element, for receiving described echo-signal from the receiving element of correspondence, receive described sub-microwave signal from the output of correspondence, and based on received sub-microwave signal, received echo-signal is processed, to form described digital echo signal.

Particularly, as shown in Figure 5, microwave signal generation unit 201 can comprise MIMO transceiver controller 2016, frequency source 2011, amplifier 2012, coupler 2013 (or replacing with power splitter), amplifier 2014 and amplifier 2015.First, MIMO transceiver controller 2016 is connected with peripheral control unit (not shown) by LAN or RS232.Under the control of peripheral control unit, produce microwave signal by MIMO transceiver controller 2016 control frequency source 2011.This microwave signal is transferred into coupler 2013 (or replacing with power splitter) after amplifier 2012 amplifies, and exports the identical microwave signal of two-way afterwards.Two way microwave signals is exported by from microwave signal generation unit 201 respectively after amplifier 2014 and amplifier 2015 amplify, and wherein, this two way microwave signals can be marked as S respectively _tr(t) and S _tr' (t).One tunnel microwave signal S _trt () is transferred to emission array switching network 301, and by arc emission array antenna 101 pairs of these microwave signals of external radiation.Another road microwave signal S _tr' (t) be sent to power splitter 202 in MIMO transceiver module 2.Wherein, t be distance to time variable, and t ∈ [-T _r/ 2, T _r/ 2], T _rfor signal duration.

Power splitter 202 can have an input 2021 and multiple output.In the present invention, for the ease of setting forth clearly object, be described for two outputs 2022 and 2023.Power splitter 202 can receive described microwave signal S via described input 2021 _tr' (t), and by this microwave signal S _tr' (t) be divided into two way microwave signal S _tr1' (t) and S _tr2' (t), and carry out the described two way microwave signal S of one_to_one corresponding transmission via described two outputs 2022 and 2023 _tr1' (t) and S _tr2' (t).

At the receiver side of MIMO transceiver module 2, it can comprise multiple receiving element.As mentioned above, the transmitting-receiving mode that the present invention preferably adopts that riches all the way and penetrate two-way to receive, therefore, in a kind of example embodiment, MIMO transceiver module 2 can comprise two receiving elements 203 and 204, each receiving element is for receiving from reception antenna array element (such as, the R selected by ₁or R ₂) echo-signal.

MIMO transceiver module 2 can also comprise multiple processing unit.For the ease of setting forth clearly object, be described for two processing units 205 and 206.As shown in Figure 5, each processing unit can connect one to one (such as with each output of described power splitter 202, processing unit 205 is connected with output 2022, processing unit 206 is connected with output 2022), and connect one to one (such as with each receiving element, processing unit 205 is connected with receiving element 203, processing unit 206 is connected with receiving element 204), for receiving described echo-signal from the receiving element of correspondence, described sub-microwave signal is received from the output of correspondence, and based on received sub-microwave signal, received echo-signal is processed, to form described digital echo signal.

Particularly, each processing unit in described multiple processing unit (such as, processing unit 205 and 206) can comprise: frequency mixer is (such as, frequency mixer 2051 and 2061), for receiving described echo-signal from the receiving element of correspondence, receive described sub-microwave signal from the output of correspondence, and based on received sub-microwave signal, down-converted is carried out to received echo-signal; Filter (such as, filter 2052 and 2062) and amplifier (such as, amplifier 2053 and 2063), be respectively used to carry out filtering to the signal obtained after down-converted and amplify process; And analog to digital converter (such as, analog to digital converter 2054 and 2064), for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, to form described digital echo signal to the signal obtained after described filtering and amplification process.

Such as, control microwave switch network 3 makes the separate transmit antenna array element T in camber line emission array antenna 101 _n, individual reception bay R in arc receiving array antenna 102 _nand R _n+1conducting simultaneously, transmit S _trt () is through separate transmit antenna array element T _nradiation, reflects, by individual reception bay R through observation scene 21 _nand R _n+1receive simultaneously, transfer to MIMO transceiver module 2 through microwave switch network 3.Receiving element 203 and 204 in MIMO transceiver module 2 receives respectively from individual reception bay R _nand R _n+1echo-signal, after the filter 2052 and 2062 in processing unit 205 and 206 and amplifier 2053 and 2063 process, obtain two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal IF1, IF2, be expressed as S _re(t, θ=2 (n-1) θ _s) and S _re(t, (2n-1) × θ _s).After the analog to digital converter 2054 and 2064 in processing unit 205 and 206 is changed, obtain and export two-way digital echo signal DA1, DA2, being expressed as $S_{\mathrm{re}}(n_{f_s},\mathrm{\θ}=2(n-1){\mathrm{\θ}}_s)$ With $S_{\mathrm{re}}(n_{f_s},(2n-1)\×{\mathrm{\θ}}_s)$ , wherein, the initial value of n is 1. represent intermediate-freuqncy signal S _re(t, θ=2 (n-1) θ _s) and S _re(t, (2n-1) × θ _s) along time t with sample frequency f _scarry out after sample quantization individual sampled point.

Make n=n+1, if n<N, then repeat said process.If n=N, control microwave switch network 3 makes the separate transmit antenna array element T in camber line emission array antenna 101 _n, individual reception bay R in arc receiving array antenna 102 _nconducting, transmit S _trt () is through separate transmit antenna array element T _nradiation, reflects, by individual reception bay R through observation scene 21 _nreceive, transfer to MIMO transceiver module 2 through microwave switch network 3.Can receive echo-signal by the one in multiple receiving element, and after passing through the process of frequency mixer, filter and the amplifier in corresponding processing unit, obtain a road intermediate-freuqncy signal IF1, be expressed as S _re(t, θ=2 (N-1) × θ _s).Afterwards, after analog to digital converter carries out analog-to-digital conversion, obtain a railway digital echo-signal DA1, be expressed as s represents intermediate-freuqncy signal S _re(t, θ=2 (N-1) × θ _s) along time t with sample frequency f _scarry out after sample quantization individual sampled point.Now, the echo signal sample to 2N-1 equivalent sampling point is just completed.The transmitting-receiving sequencing control of whole MIMO microwave signal receive-transmit system can be as shown in Figure 6.

In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of microwave signal receiving/transmission method for MIMO-SAR imaging.The method comprises: produce microwave signal; The separate transmit antenna array element wanting microwave signal described in radiation is selected from the arc emission array antenna arcuate array antenna; By microwave signal described in selected separate transmit antenna array element radiation; The individual reception bay that will receive echo-signal is selected from the arc receiving array antenna described arcuate array antenna; Described echo-signal is received by selected individual reception bay; And received echo-signal is processed, to form digital echo signal.

In addition, this microwave signal receiving/transmission method can also comprise: after the described microwave signal of generation, this microwave signal is divided into the sub-microwave signal of multichannel; And based on described sub-microwave signal, received echo-signal is processed, to form described digital echo signal.Wherein, based on described sub-microwave signal, received echo-signal is processed, comprise to form described digital echo signal: based on described sub-microwave signal, down-converted is carried out to received echo-signal; Filtering is carried out to the signal obtained after down-converted and amplifies process; And analog-to-digital conversion is carried out, to form described digital echo signal to the signal obtained after filtering and amplification process.

The process of each step in described microwave signal receiving/transmission method and principle all with above in conjunction with microwave signal receive-transmit system describe consistent, just repeat no more herein.

After completing the signal sampling to 2N-1 equivalent sampling point, that is, after completing the microwave signal transmitting-receiving process based on arcuate array antenna, enter into follow-up imaging process.

To this, the present invention also provides a kind of MIMO-SAR imaging system, and as shown in Figure 7, this MIMO-SAR imaging system can comprise above-mentioned microwave signal receive-transmit system provided by the invention; And imaging processor 4, for based on the digital echo signal synthetic image information exported by described MIMO transceiver module 2.In addition, this imaging system can also comprise Graphics Processing module 5, for showing described image information.

Below by describe in detail provided by the invention, performed by imaging processor 4 and Graphics Processing module 5, based on the MIMO-SAR formation method of arcuate array antenna.

Fig. 8 shows the flow chart of the MIMO-SAR formation method based on arcuate array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 8, the method can comprise: step S801, to via described arcuate array antenna (such as, arcuate array antenna 1) echo-signal that receives samples, wherein, this echo-signal is reflected to form through observation scene by the microwave signal of described arcuate array antenna transmission; Step S802, arranges received echo-signal according to sampling angle interval, obtains arcuate array imaging data; Step S803, carries out distance to inverse Fourier transform (IFT) to described arcuate array imaging data, obtains signal after Range compress; Step S804, goes tiltedly signal after described Range compress and Residual video phase compensates; Step S805, carries out distance to Fourier transform (FT) to the signal gone described in warp tiltedly and obtain after Residual video phase compensation, obtains distance wave-number domain signal; Step S806, carries out filtering and coherent superposition imaging to described distance wave-number domain signal, obtains image pixel value; And step S807, based on described image pixel value synthetic image.

The concrete methods of realizing of each step above-mentioned is described below in detail.First, in step S801, sample to the echo-signal received via described arcuate array antenna, wherein, this echo-signal is reflected to form through observation scene by the microwave signal of described arcuate array antenna transmission.

In above-described MIMO microwave signal receive-transmit system, MIMO transceiver module 2 exports two digital echo signals at every turn, is respectively DA1 and DA2.As previously described and illustrated in fig. 6, a sampling angle interval is differed because this receives between digital echo signal DA1 and the DA2 obtained, receive the digital echo signal DA1 that obtains and this receives between the digital echo signal DA2 that obtains and also differs a sampling angle interval next time, therefore, in step S802, can arrange all digital signal DA1 received and DA2 according to described sampling angle interval, thus obtain arcuate array imaging data S _{re_arc}(t, θ):

$S_{\mathrm{re}\_\mathrm{arc}}(t,\mathrm{\&theta;})=\left[\begin{array}{c}{S}_{\mathrm{re}}(t,\mathrm{\&theta;}=0)\\ S_{\mathrm{re}}(t,\mathrm{\&theta;}={\mathrm{\&theta;}}_s)\\ M\\ S_{\mathrm{re}}(t,\mathrm{\&theta;}=2(N-1){\mathrm{\&theta;}}_s)\end{array}\right]---\left(10\right)$

Obtaining described arcuate array imaging data S _{re_arc}after (t, θ), in step S803, to this arcuate array imaging data S _{re_arc}(t, θ) carries out distance to inverse Fourier transform, that is, to S _{re_arc}(t, θ), along distance to carrying out inverse Fourier transform, obtains the signal S after Range compress _{iFT_re_arc}(r, θ):

S _{IFT_re_arc}(r,θ)＝IFT _t{S _{re_arc}(t,θ)}(11)

Wherein, IFT _trepresent and carry out inverse Fourier transform along distance to time variable t, r is observation scene distance variable corresponding to echo-signal initial sum end time.

Afterwards, in step S705, to the signal S after described Range compress _{iFT_re_arc}(r, θ) carries out tiltedly and Residual video phase compensates.Following penalty function H (r) can be adopted S _{iFT_re_arc}(r, θ) carries out tiltedly, Residual video phase compensates:

Wherein, K _rfor signal frequency modulation rate, C is propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave.

Tiltedly and after Residual video phase compensation signal S was obtained through the past _{iFT_RVP}(r, θ):

S _{IFT_RVP}(r,θ)＝S _{IFT_re_arc}(r,θ)×H(r)(13)

Next, in step S804, the signal S obtained after and Residual video phase oblique through the past are compensated _{iFT_RVP}(r, θ) carries out distance to Fourier transform, that is, to S _{iFT_RVP}(r, θ), along distance to carrying out Fourier transform, can obtain distance wave-number domain signal S _{fT_RVP}(K _ω, θ):

$\begin{array}{c}{S}_{\mathrm{FT}\_\mathrm{RVP}}(K_{\mathrm{\&omega;}},\mathrm{\&theta;})=\mathrm{FT}\left\{S_{\mathrm{IFT}\_\mathrm{RVP}}(r,\mathrm{\&theta;})\right\}\\ =\left[\begin{array}{c}{S}_{\mathrm{re}\_\mathrm{fre}}(K_{\mathrm{\&omega;}},\mathrm{\&theta;}=0)\\ S_{\mathrm{re}\_\mathrm{fre}}(K_{\mathrm{\&omega;}},\mathrm{\&theta;}={\mathrm{\&theta;}}_s)\\ M\\ S_{\mathrm{re}\_\mathrm{fre}}(K_{\mathrm{\&omega;}},\mathrm{\&theta;}=2(N-1){\mathrm{\&theta;}}_s)\end{array}\right]\end{array}---\left(14\right)$

Wherein, FT represents Fourier transform, S _{re_fre}(K _ω, θ) be

$\begin{array}{c}{S}_{\mathrm{re}\_\mathrm{fre}}(K_{\mathrm{\&omega;}},\mathrm{\&theta;})=\underset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{\mathrm{\&delta;}}_n(x_n,y_n,z_n)\exp \left\{j2\right[\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;}(f_c+K_{r}t)}{C}\left]r_n\right\}\\ =\underset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{\mathrm{\&delta;}}_n(x_n,y_n,z_n)\exp \left\{j2K_{\mathrm{\&omega;}}{r}_n\right\}\end{array}---\left(15\right)$

Wherein, K _ω=2 π (f _c+ K _rt)/C represents that distance is to wave-number domain frequency, f _cfor system operating frequency, r _nfor target P _nto equivalent sampling point P _apcdistance.

Next, in step S806, filtering and coherent superposition imaging are carried out to described distance wave-number domain signal, obtains image pixel value.The detailed process of this step is as follows:

Step S8061: be created as picture coordinate space, carries out discretization to the image space of observation scene 21 correspondence.Particularly, as shown in Figure 9, (θ=θ _m, R _arc, h ₀), m=1 ..., (2N-1) is arcuate array antenna MIMO forword-looking imaging equivalent sampling point P _apcposition coordinates, θ is arcuate array aerial angle direction, θ=θ _mrepresent m equivalent sampling point P _apcthe angle coordinate of position coordinates, P _nfor the coordinate (θ of target in observation scene 21 _n, rr _n, φ _n), θ _nfor target P _nazimuth, φ _nfor target P _nthe angle of pitch, rr _nfor target P _nto the distance in the arcuate array antenna center of circle, rr _nearfor low coverage observed by arcuate array antenna 1, rr _farfor long distance observed by arcuate array antenna 1, θ _minand θ _maxthe minimum angles corresponding for observation scene 21 region and maximum angle, and θ ₀=θ _max-θ _min, θ ₀represent the angular aperture size of arcuate array antenna; Two-dimensional discrete is carried out to the image of observation scene 21 correspondence, particularly:

With Δ rr _iwith Δ θ _ipixel separation respectively along oblique distance to arcuate array direction to observation scene 21 region carry out two-dimensional discrete, obtain two-dimentional slant-range image space I (n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i), wherein, n _rr=1,2, L, N _rr, n _θ=1,2 ..., N _θ, N _rrand N _θbe respectively along oblique distance to arcuate array discrete--direction after pixel number, wherein,

Wherein, C is propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave, λ _cfor arcuate array MIMO-SAR imaging system and the operation wavelength of arcuate array antenna that comprises thereof, signal bandwidth is B _r=K _rt _r, signal duration is T _r, signal frequency modulation rate is K _r, β _rrand β _θfor weight coefficient, R ₀for the arc radius of arc line array antenna 1, θ _afor the beamwidth of arc emission array antenna 101 and arc receiving array antenna 102 stand-alone antenna array element, N _{θ SynAper}represent the equivalent sampling point P that effective synthetic aperture comprises _apc(θ, R _arc, h ₀) quantity, Δ rr _iwith Δ θ _ibe respectively along oblique distance to arcuate array direction to observation scene 21 region pixel separation.

Afterwards, in step S8062: by the distance wave-number domain signal S obtained step S805 _{fT_RVP}(K _ω, θ) and carry out filtering and coherent superposition, circulation solves each pixel value of image.

Consider and two-dimensional imaging is carried out to observation area, then select to carry out two-dimensional imaging process in incidence angle plane, also namely do not consider the φ of target in observation field scene area _nchange, φ _nfor target P _nthe angle of pitch, but target projection is carried out two-dimensional imaging to fixing oblique distance curved surface, it is φ that corresponding oblique distance curved surface is selected with Z axis negative direction angle _inccurved surface on;

${\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{\mathrm{inc}}=\frac{1}{2}[\arcsin \left(\frac{h_0}{{\mathrm{rr}}_{\mathrm{near}}}\right)+\arcsin \left(\frac{h_0}{{\mathrm{rr}}_{\mathrm{far}}}\right)]---\left(17\right)$

Wherein, h ₀for arcuate array antenna height, rr _nearfor low coverage observed by arcuate array antenna 1, rr _farfor long distance observed by arcuate array antenna 1, φ _incalso representing arcuate array antenna incidence angle, is a predetermined constant.

Particularly: first, in step S80621: make n _rr=1, n _θ=1, wherein n _rrand n _θrepresent pixel counts sequence number.Afterwards, step S80622: computed image I (n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i) in (n _rr, n _θ) coordinate position (n corresponding to pixel _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i) to the equivalent sampling point P of arcuate array antenna 1 _apc(θ, R _arc, h ₀) distance, and generate adaptation function H according to this distance _m(θ, R _arc, h ₀; n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i):

$H_M(\mathrm{\&theta;},R_{\mathrm{arc}},h_0;n_{\mathrm{rr}}{\mathrm{\&Delta;rr}}_I,n_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}{\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_I)=\exp \{-j2K_{\mathrm{\&omega;}}\sqrt{[X_n^2+Y_n^2+Z_n^2]}\}---\left(18\right)$

Wherein,

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{X}_n=R_{\mathrm{arc}}\cos \mathrm{\&theta;}-\left\{\right[{\mathrm{rr}}_{\mathrm{near}}+(n_{\mathrm{rr}}-1){\mathrm{\&Delta;rr}}_I]\\ \&times;\cos [{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\min }+(n_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}-1){\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_I]\}\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{\mathrm{inc}}\\ Y_n=R_{\mathrm{arc}}\sin \mathrm{\&theta;}-\left\{\right[{\mathrm{rr}}_{\mathrm{near}}+(n_{\mathrm{rr}}-1){\mathrm{\&Delta;rr}}_I]\\ \&times;\sin [{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\min }+(n_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}-1)\&times;{\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_I]\}\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{\mathrm{inc}}\\ Z_n=h_0-[{\mathrm{rr}}_{\mathrm{near}}+(n_{\mathrm{rr}}-1){\mathrm{\&Delta;rr}}_I]\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_{\mathrm{inc}}\end{array}\right.---\left(19\right)$

Wherein, X _n, Y _nand Z _npresentation video I (n respectively _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i) in (n _rr, n _θ) coordinate position (n corresponding to pixel _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i) target corresponding to place be to the equivalent sampling point P of arcuate array antenna 1 _apc(θ, R _arc, h ₀) the distance along X, Y and Z axis.

Afterwards, step S80623: based on described distance wave-number domain signal and described adaptation function, determine (the n of image _rr, n _θ) numerical value corresponding to individual pixel.Particularly:

$\begin{array}{c}I(n_{\mathrm{rr}}{\mathrm{\&Delta;rr}}_I,n_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}{\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_I)\\ ={\&Integral;}_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{int}\_\min }}^{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{int}\_\max }}[{\&Integral;S}_{\mathrm{FT}\_\mathrm{RVP}}(K_{\mathrm{\&omega;}},\mathrm{\&theta;})\&times;H_M(\mathrm{\&theta;},R_{\mathrm{arc}},h_0;n_{\mathrm{rr}}{\mathrm{\&Delta;rr}}_I,n_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}{\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_I){\mathrm{dK}}_{\mathrm{\&omega;}}]\mathrm{d\&theta;}\end{array}---\left(20\right)$

Wherein, θ _{int_min}and θ _{int_max}represent the integrating range of θ, θ _{int_min}and θ _{int_max}represent lower limit of integral and upper limit of integral respectively, respectively the corresponding arc synthetic aperture minimum sampling angle value relative to target and maximum sampling angle value, and:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{int}\_\min }=\min [{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\min }+(n_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}-1-\frac{N_{\mathrm{\&theta;SynAper}}}{2}),{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\min }]\\ {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{int}\_\max }=\min [{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\min }+(n_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}-1+\frac{N_{\mathrm{\&theta;SynAper}}}{2}),{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\max }]\end{array}\right.---\left(21\right)$

Afterwards, step S80624: make n _rradd 1, if n _rr≤ N _rr, and be back to step S80622; If n _rr> N _rr, continue to perform step S80625;

Step S80625: make n _θadd 1, if n _θ≤ N _θ, make n _rr=1, and be back to step S80622; If n _θ> N _θ, continue to perform step S707.

Finally, in step S807: based on described image pixel value synthetic image.Particularly, I can be made _amp(n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i)=| I (n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i) |, wherein, | * | represent the range value getting " * ", thus generate two-dimensional image I _amp(n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i).

Above-mentioned imaging process can be completed by imaging processor 4, and this imaging processor 4 can be computer or dsp processor.Image display 5 pairs of two-dimensional image I can be passed through _amp(n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i) complete the display of high-resolution microwave image, check for user.

Due to I _amp(n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i) contain observation area polarizers of big angle scope scene information, therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, angle, subregional mode at equal intervals can be adopted to show.Such as, if θ _min=0rad.=0 °, θ _max=2 π rad.=360 °, wherein " rad. " represents radian, θ _minand θ _maxthe minimum angles corresponding for observation field scene area and maximum angle, then can by angle delta θ at equal intervals _dis=10 °, subregion Δ θ _segthe two-dimensional image I of=60 ° of display observation scenes _amp(n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i), namely 0 ° ~ 60 °, 10 ° ~ 70 ° ..., 350 ° ~ 50 °.As another example, if θ _min=0rad.=0 °, θ _max=π rad.=180 °, then press angle delta θ at equal intervals _dis=10 °, subregion Δ θ _segthe two-dimensional image I of=60 ° of display observation scenes _amp(n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i), namely 0 ° ~ 60 °, 10 ° ~ 70 ° ..., 120 ° ~ 180 °, 0 ° ~ 60 °.Should be understood that, above-mentioned angle value at equal intervals and subregion thresholding are all exemplary, only for illustration of the present invention, and are not used in restriction the present invention.Angle value and subregion thresholding are also applicable to the present invention at equal intervals for other.

Alternatively, also all can show the image information of observation scene, namely once all show two-dimensional image I _amp(n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i).Such as, if θ _min=0rad.=0 °, θ _max=2 π rad.=360 °, then directly can show the two-dimensional image I of 0 ° ~ 360 ° observation scenes _amp(n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i).As another example, if θ _min=0rad.=0 °, θ _max=π rad.=180 °, then directly can show 0 ° ~ 180 ° two-dimensional image I of observation scene _amp(n _rrΔ rr _i, n _θΔ θ _i).

Thus, the MIMO-SAR imaging based on arcuate array aerial signal and procedure for displaying is completed.

The present invention also provides a kind of MIMO-SAR imaging device based on arcuate array antenna.This device can comprise: for the module of sampling to the echo-signal received via described arcuate array antenna, wherein, and this echo-signal is reflected to form through observation scene by the microwave signal of described arcuate array antenna transmission; For arranging received echo-signal according to sampling angle interval, obtain the module of arcuate array imaging data; For carrying out distance to inverse Fourier transform to described arcuate array imaging data, obtain the module of signal after Range compress; For the module of going signal after described Range compress tiltedly and Residual video phase compensates; For carrying out distance to Fourier transform to the signal gone described in warp tiltedly and obtain after Residual video phase compensation, obtain the module of distance wave-number domain signal; For carrying out filtering and coherent superposition imaging to described distance wave-number domain signal, obtain the module of image pixel value; And for the module based on described image pixel value synthetic image.

In addition, for carrying out filtering and coherent superposition imaging to described distance wave-number domain signal, the module obtaining image pixel value comprises: for being created as picture coordinate space, the image space corresponding with described observation scene is carried out to the module of discretization; For determine discretization image space in coordinate position corresponding to each pixel to the distance of the equivalent sampling point of described arcuate array antenna, and generate the module of adaptation function according to this distance; And for determining the module of described image pixel value based on described distance wave-number domain signal and described adaptation function.

In addition, this device comprises: for showing the module of generated image.

In sum, arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging provided by the invention, the microwave signal receive-transmit system for MIMO-SAR imaging and method and MIMO-SAR imaging system, method and apparatus, can not only ensure that signal penetrates the materials such as cigarette, mist, cloud layer and floating dust, do not affect by weather and climate, and, with routine based on linear array antenna imaging system compared with, it also possesses following advantage:

1, effectively prevent the beamwidth problem of conventional linear array image-forming observation scope by single array-element antenna, Large visual angle scope imaging observation can be realized.Aircraft just can be observed the region of wider scope without the need to frequently moving and rotating, thus ensures the flight safety of aircraft.

2, adopt arcuate array configuration and MIMO configuration, its array does not increase with beam area to resolution and reduces, and can keep relative stability;

3, adopt MIMO configuration, during platform geo-stationary, system still can realize carrying out microwave imaging perception to platform surrounding environment or even 360 ° of comprehensive scenes;

4, the imaging of Real-time High Resolution rate can be carried out to aircraft peripheral region, can also for the landing of aircraft, scouting, search and rescue and take off real terrestrial information is provided, strengthen navigation and the transport rescue ability of aircraft.

In addition, MIMO-SAR formation method based on arcuate array provided by the invention be a set of completely newly, effectively can carry out the method for imaging to arcuate array antenna microwave signal, adopt the method can realize high-precision microwave imaging, more wide, accurate, real observation information can be provided for observation personnel.

Below the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings; but; the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned execution mode; within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention; can carry out multiple simple variant to technical scheme of the present invention, these simple variant all belong to protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that in addition, each the concrete technical characteristic described in above-mentioned embodiment, in reconcilable situation, can be combined by any suitable mode.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention illustrates no longer separately to various possible compound mode.

In addition, also can carry out combination in any between various different execution mode of the present invention, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.

Claims (9)

1. for an arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging, it is characterized in that, this arcuate array antenna comprises:

For the arc emission array antenna of microwave radiation signal, the arcuately bearing of trend arrangement of each separate transmit antenna array element in this arc emission array antenna, and the radiation port of described each separate transmit antenna array element is facing to outside arc;

For receiving the arc receiving array antenna of echo-signal, neighbouring or inside and outside adjacent with described arc emission array antenna, the arcuately bearing of trend arrangement of each individual reception bay in this arc receiving array antenna, and described each individual reception bay and described each separate transmit antenna array element are interlocked successively, and the radiation port of described each individual reception bay is facing to outside arc;

Wherein, in described arc emission array antenna, between adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element aperture centres, there is level angle separation delta θ _interval, and

${\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_{Interval}=2\&times;\arcsin \left(\frac{l_{h\_tr}}{2R_0}\right)=2\&times;\arcsin \left(\frac{L_{h\_tr}+2{\mathrm{\&Delta;l}}_{tr}}{2R_0}\right)$

Wherein, R ₀represent the arc radius of described arc emission array antenna; L _{h_tr}represent that separate transmit antenna array element level in described arc emission array antenna is to size; l _{h_tr}represent the horizontal range between adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element geometric centers in described arc emission array antenna; Δ l _trfor based on L _{h_tr}the parameter determined, and, Δ l _tr∈ (0, L _{h_tr}); And

In described arc receiving array antenna, between adjacent two individual reception bay aperture centres, there is level angle separation delta θ ' _interval, and

${{\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}^{\&prime;}}_{Interval}=2\&times;\arcsin \left(\frac{l_{h\_re}}{2{R^{\&prime;}}_0}\right)=2\&times;\arcsin \left(\frac{L_{h\_re}+2{\mathrm{\&Delta;l}}_{re}}{2{R^{\&prime;}}_0}\right)$

Wherein, R' ₀represent the arc radius of described arc receiving array antenna; L _{h_re}represent that individual reception bay level in described arc receiving array antenna is to size; l _{h_re}represent the horizontal range between adjacent two individual reception bay geometric centers in described arc receiving array antenna; Δ l _refor based on L _{h_re}the parameter determined, and, Δ l _re∈ (0, L _{h_re}).

2. arcuate array antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carrys out to determine respectively Δ l in the following manner _trwith Δ l _re:

Δl _tr＝L _{h_tr}/16α

Δl _re＝L _{h_re}/16α

Wherein, α is a parameter preset, and α ∈ [0.25,2.00].

3. arcuate array antenna according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the separate transmit antenna array element level in described arc emission array antenna is to size L _{h_tr}with the individual reception bay level in described arc receiving array antenna to size L _{h_re}equal; And the horizontal range l in described arc emission array antenna between adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element geometric centers _{h_tr}and the horizontal range l in described arc receiving array antenna between adjacent two individual reception bay geometric centers _{h_re}equal.

4. arcuate array antenna according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, when described arc receiving array antenna and described arc emission array antenna neighbouring, the arc radius of described arcuate array antenna, the arc radius R of described arc emission array antenna ₀with the arc radius R' of described arc receiving array antenna ₀equal.

5. arcuate array antenna according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the level angle separation delta θ between described adjacent two separate transmit antenna array element aperture centres _intervaland the level angle separation delta θ ' between described adjacent two individual reception bay aperture centres _intervalequal.

6. arcuate array antenna according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in a separate transmit antenna array element aperture centre in described arc emission array antenna and described arc receiving array antenna interleaved adjacent with it individual reception bay aperture centre between there is level angle pitch difference Δ θ _midInter, and

${\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_{MidInter}=\frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_{Interval}}{2}=\frac{{{\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}^{\&prime;}}_{Interval}}{2}.$

7. arcuate array antenna according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the sum of the separate transmit antenna array element in described arc emission array antenna is equal with the sum of the individual reception bay in described arc receiving array antenna, and this total N is:

Wherein, θ ₀represent the angular aperture of described arcuate array antenna.

8. the arcuate array antenna according to claim arbitrary in claim 1-2,4-7, it is characterized in that, the type of described separate transmit antenna array element and described individual reception bay be following at least one: slot antenna, microstrip antenna, end-on-fire antenna, radiating guide, dielectric antenna or dipole antenna.

9. the arcuate array antenna according to claim arbitrary in claim 1-2,4-7, it is characterized in that, the polarization mode of each separate transmit antenna array element in described arc emission array antenna is consistent, and be following in one: horizontal polarization, perpendicular polarization or circular polarization; And the polarization mode of each individual reception bay in described arc receiving array antenna is consistent, and be following in one: horizontal polarization, perpendicular polarization or circular polarization.