CN104280735B - MIMO-SAR formation method based on arcuate array antenna and device - Google Patents
MIMO-SAR formation method based on arcuate array antenna and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104280735B CN104280735B CN201410561477.7A CN201410561477A CN104280735B CN 104280735 B CN104280735 B CN 104280735B CN 201410561477 A CN201410561477 A CN 201410561477A CN 104280735 B CN104280735 B CN 104280735B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/904—SAR modes
- G01S13/9082—Rotating SAR [ROSAR]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of MIMO SAR formation method based on arcuate array antenna and device.The method includes: sample the echo-signal received via arcuate array antenna, and wherein, this echo-signal is that the microwave signal launched by arcuate array antenna reflects to form through observation scene;According to sampling angle interval, received echo-signal is arranged, obtain arcuate array imaging data;Arcuate array imaging data is carried out distance to inverse Fourier transform, obtain signal after Range compress;Signal after compressing of adjusting the distance carries out tiltedly and Residual video phase compensates;To through go tiltedly and Residual video phase compensate after the signal that obtains carry out distance to Fourier transformation, obtain distance wave-number domain signal;Wave-number domain signal of adjusting the distance is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing, obtains image pixel value;And generate image based on image pixel value.Thereby, it is possible to expand microwave imaging regional extent and arcuate array aerial signal can be carried out effective imaging processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microwave imaging field, in particular it relates to a kind of based on arcuate array antenna
MIMO-SAR (multiple-input and multiple-output-synthetic aperture radar) formation method and device.
Background technology
Traditional visual, optics or the measure such as infrared by landform, weather and round the clock etc. factor affected relatively
Greatly, do not possesses round-the-clock and round-the-clock ability to work.Airborne array antenna forword-looking imaging system can not only
Enough penetrate cigarette, mist, cloud layer and floating dust etc., and not by weather and climatic effect, and can be to aircraft
Region, front lower place carries out Real-time High Resolution rate imaging, moreover it is possible to for aircraft landing, scout, search and rescue and take off
Real terrestrial information is provided, strengthens navigation and the transport rescue ability of aircraft.
Existing airborne array antenna forword-looking imaging system is based on airborne linear array antenna forword-looking imaging machine
System, utilizes microwave switch switching to realize linear array synthesis, carries out region, aircraft flight route front lower place
High-resolution imaging.But owing to using linear array antenna and time sharing mode so that it is there is more problem
Need to improve further.On the one hand, its areas imaging is primarily limited to the beam area of individual antenna, i.e.
The observation of big field range can not be realized.Thus, if aircraft wants to observe region about, it needs to move
Move to this areas adjacent, and use airborne linear array antenna to carry out microwave imaging perception.If aircraft exists
The environment that mountain area etc. are complex such as fly, by restriction of obstacle, it may not be possible to frequently move, and
And move dangerous property.In that way it is possible to just desired zone cannot be carried out microwave imaging perception.Another
Aspect, in linear array antenna, array increases along with beam area to resolution and reduces, Ye Jifen
Resolution changes with Target space position.Therefore, the high-resolution imaging observation being unfavorable for around airborne platform.
Additionally, due to the pore size versions of arcuate array MIMO-SAR is arc, conventional with ground level work
For the BPA (Back Projection Algorithm, back-projection algorithm are called for short BPA) with reference to platform
Processing accuracy be restricted, it is impossible to directly its echo-signal is carried out imaging processing.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one and can expand microwave imaging regional extent can be to arc battle array
Row MIMO-SAR echo-signal carries out MIMO-SAR formation method and the device of effective imaging processing.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of MIMO-SAR based on arcuate array antenna
Formation method, the method includes: adopt the echo-signal received via described arcuate array antenna
Sample, wherein, this echo-signal is that the microwave signal launched by described arcuate array antenna is through observation scene
Reflect to form;According to sampling angle interval, received echo-signal is arranged, obtain arc
Array image-forming data;Described arcuate array imaging data is carried out distance to inverse Fourier transform, obtain away from
Signal after tripping contracting;Signal after described Range compress is gone tiltedly and Residual video phase compensates;To warp
Described go tiltedly and Residual video phase compensate after the signal that obtains carry out distance to Fourier transformation, obtain
Distance wave-number domain signal;Described distance wave-number domain signal is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing,
To image pixel value;And generate image based on described image pixel value.
Preferably, described distance wave-number domain signal is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing, obtains figure
As the step of pixel value includes: be created as coordinate space, empty to the image corresponding with described observation scene
Between carry out discretization;Determine that coordinate position that in the image space of discretization, each pixel is corresponding is to described arc
The distance of the equivalent sampling point of shape array antenna, and generate adaptation function according to this distance;And based on institute
State distance wave-number domain signal and described adaptation function to determine described image pixel value.
Preferably, described adaptation function is determined in the following manner:
Wherein,
Wherein, HM(θ,Rarc,h0;nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI) represent described adaptation function;h0For arcuate array sky
The height of line;RarcFor equivalent sampling point radius;KωRepresent that distance is to wave-number domain frequency;θ is arc battle array
Array antenna angle direction;rrnearLow coverage is observed for arcuate array antenna;θminCorresponding for observation field scene area
Minimum angles;ΔrrIFor along oblique distance to the pixel separation to observation field scene area;ΔθIFor arcuately battle array
The column direction pixel separation to observation field scene area;nrrAnd nθRepresent pixel counts sequence number;Xn、YnAnd Zn
Represent image I (n respectivelyrrΔrrI,nθΔθI(n in)rr,nθ) coordinate position corresponding to pixel
(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI) target corresponding to place be to the equivalent sampling point P of arcuate array antennaapc(θ,Rarc,h0)
Along X, Y and the distance of Z axis;And φincFor the angle with Z axis negative direction.
Preferably, described φ is determined in the following mannerinc:
Wherein, rrfarLong distance is observed for arcuate array antenna.
Preferably, the method also includes: show generated figure according to default interval angles, subregion
Picture.
The present invention also provides for a kind of MIMO-SAR imaging device based on arcuate array antenna, this device
Including: for the module that the echo-signal received via described arcuate array antenna is sampled, its
In, this echo-signal is that the microwave signal launched by described arcuate array antenna is through observation scene reflection
Become;For received echo-signal being arranged according to sampling angle interval, obtain arc battle array
The module of row imaging data;Become to inverse Fourier for described arcuate array imaging data is carried out distance
Change, obtain the module of signal after Range compress;For signal after described Range compress is gone oblique and surplus
The module that remaining video phase compensates;For to go described in warp tiltedly and Residual video phase compensate after obtain
Signal carries out distance to Fourier transformation, obtains the module of distance wave-number domain signal;For to described distance
Wave-number domain signal is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing, obtains the module of image pixel value;And use
In the module generating image based on described image pixel value.
Preferably, for described distance wave-number domain signal is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing,
Module to image pixel value includes: be used for being created as coordinate space, to corresponding with described observation scene
Image space carry out the module of discretization;In the image space determine discretization, each pixel is corresponding
Coordinate position to the distance of the equivalent sampling point of described arcuate array antenna, and generate according to this distance
Join the module of function;And for determining institute based on described distance wave-number domain signal and described adaptation function
State the module of image pixel value.
Preferably, described adaptation function is determined in the following manner:
Wherein,
Wherein, HM(θ,Rarc,h0;nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI) represent described adaptation function;h0For arcuate array sky
The height of line;RarcFor equivalent sampling point radius;KωRepresent that distance is to wave-number domain frequency;θ is arc battle array
Array antenna angle direction;rrnearLow coverage is observed for arcuate array antenna;θminCorresponding for observation field scene area
Minimum angles;ΔrrIFor along oblique distance to the pixel separation to observation field scene area;ΔθIFor arcuately battle array
The column direction pixel separation to observation field scene area;nrrAnd nθRepresent pixel counts sequence number;Xn、YnAnd Zn
Represent image I (n respectivelyrrΔrrI,nθΔθI(n in)rr,nθ) coordinate position corresponding to pixel
(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI) target corresponding to place be to the equivalent sampling point P of arcuate array antennaapc(θ,Rarc,h0)
Along X, Y and the distance of Z axis;And φincFor the angle with Z axis negative direction.
Preferably, described φ is determined in the following mannerinc:
Wherein, rrfarLong distance is observed for arcuate array antenna.
Preferably, this device also includes: for being generated according to default interval angles, subregion display
The module of image.
The MIMO-SAR formation method provided by the present invention and device, can effectively solve arc
The imaging processing problem of array antenna signals, be a kind of novel, be effectively used for arcuate array antenna
Formation method.Further, the precision of obtained image information is higher, and verity is strong.Additionally, due to adopt
Carry out signal transmitting and receiving with arcuate array antenna, effectively prevent conventional linear array image-forming observation scope by single
The problem of the beam angle constraint of individual antenna, it is possible to realize big field range imaging observation, and improve sight
Survey precision.When observation platform geo-stationary, carry out microwave signal transmitting-receiving based on arcuate array antenna, still
So can realize platform surrounding is carried out microwave imaging perception, even 360 ° comprehensive scenes.
Additionally, use arcuate array antenna configuration, its array does not increases with beam area to resolution and reduces,
Can keep relative stability, the high-resolution imaging observation being thus advantageous to around observation platform.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in detailed description of the invention part subsequently.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of description, with
Detailed description below is used for explaining the present invention together, but is not intended that limitation of the present invention.?
In accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 be the present invention provide the arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging, for
The microwave signal receive-transmit system of MIMO-SAR imaging and MIMO-SAR imaging system are applied
One example platforms;
Fig. 2 a is three-dimensional layout's design sketch of arcuate array antenna;
Fig. 2 b is the layout design sketch that arc line array antenna tangentially launches;
Fig. 2 c is the downward projection design sketch of arc line array antenna;
Fig. 3 shows the microwave signal for MIMO-SAR imaging according to the embodiment of the present invention
The structural representation of receive-transmit system;
Fig. 4 shows the structural representation of microwave switch network;
Fig. 5 shows the structural representation of MIMO transceiver module;
Fig. 6 shows the transmitting-receiving of MIMO microwave signal receive-transmit system according to the embodiment of the present invention
Sequencing contro schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 shows MIMO-SAR imaging based on arcuate array according to the embodiment of the present invention
The structural representation of system;
Fig. 8 shows MIMO-SAR based on arcuate array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of formation method;And
Fig. 9 shows arcuate array antenna MIMO-SAR imaging coordinate system.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail.It should be appreciated that
Detailed description of the invention described herein is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not limited to this
Bright.
Fig. 1 show the arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging that the present invention provides, for
The example platforms that the microwave signal receive-transmit system of MIMO-SAR imaging is applied.As it is shown in figure 1,
Described arcuate array antenna 1 and described microwave signal receive-transmit system etc. all can be loaded in aircraft platform
On 22, and move with this aircraft platform 22.Microwave signal receive-transmit system can pass through arcuate array antenna
1 carries out microwave signal radiation, and this microwave signal reflects to form echo-signal, then warp via observation scene 21
Described echo-signal is received by arcuate array antenna 1.Afterwards, through MIMO-SAR provided by the present invention
Formation method carries out imaging display process to echo-signal, to demonstrate the image of observation scene 21.As
Shown in Fig. 1, owing to carrying out microwave signal transmitting-receiving based on arcuate array antenna, thus compared to linear array
Antenna, it is possible to achieve wider array of observation scope.
The embodiment party of the arcuate array antenna 1 that the present invention provides is described in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c
Formula.
Fig. 2 a is three-dimensional layout's design sketch of arcuate array antenna 1, and Fig. 2 b is arc line array antenna 1 edge
The tangential layout design sketch launched, and the downward projection design sketch that Fig. 2 c is arc line array antenna 1.
In view of receive-transmit isolation and dynamic range, arcuate array antenna 1 uses bistatic structure, i.e. launches
Antenna and reception antenna are separately.Such as, as shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c, arcuate array antenna 1 can include
Arc emission array antenna 101 (that is, " AC ") and arc receiving array antenna 102 (that is, " BD ").
Described arc emission array antenna 101 is used for radiating microwave signal, in this arc emission array antenna 101
Each independent transmission bay (such as, T1、T2、T3、Tn、......、TN, wherein, 1≤n
≤ N) can arcuately bearing of trend arrangement.Described arc receiving array antenna 102 is used for receiving echo
(this echo-signal is that the microwave signal radiated through arc emission array antenna 101 is passed through such as to observe to signal
The microwave signal that scene 21 is reflected back), and this arc receiving array antenna 102 can be with described arc
Emission array antenna 101 is neighbouring, each individual reception sky in this arc receiving array antenna 102
Linear array unit (such as, R1、R2、R3、Rn、......、RN) can arcuately arrange by bearing of trend, and
And described each individual reception bay interlocks successively with described each independent transmission bay.Example
As, independent transmission bay T1With individual reception bay R1And R2Interleaved adjacent, independent transmission
Bay T2With individual reception bay R2And R3Interleaved adjacent, by that analogy.
The radiation of each stand-alone antenna array element (including each reception antenna array element and each launching antenna array unit)
Actinal surface is towards outside arc, thus realizes the most round-the-clock, the round-the-clock microwave to platform peripheral region
Imaging observation.
Alternatively, described arc receiving array antenna 102 can also be with described arc emission array antenna
Inside and outside 101 adjacent, i.e. described arcuate array antenna 1 is by inside and outside mutually sheathed arc receiving array sky
Line 102 and arc emission array antenna 101 are formed.Further, each individual reception bay is with each
Independent transmission bay interlocks successively.In this embodiment, each stand-alone antenna array element (includes every
Individual reception antenna array element and each launching antenna array unit) radiation actinal surface can also be towards outside arc, only
But with arc receiving array antenna 102 and arc emission array antenna 101 phase of neighbouring layout
Ratio, its radiation actinal surface needs have an angle with horizontal direction so that signal can pass through arc emission array
Antenna 101 and arc receiving array antenna 102 are launched with an incident angle and receive, formation etc.
Effect sampled point is distributed along circular arc.
In the present invention, for the ease of describing, only with the most adjacently positioned arc emission array antenna 101
Illustrate with as a example by arc receiving array antenna 102.It can be appreciated that, implementation below
It is equally applicable to inside and outside adjacently positioned arc emission array antenna 101 and arc receiving array antenna
102。
As shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c, in described arc emission array antenna 101, arbitrary neighborhood two is only
Vertical launching antenna array unit (such as, T1With T2、T2With T3Deng) can have level between aperture centre
Angular interval Δ θInterval, and
Wherein, R0Represent the arc radius of described arc emission array antenna 101;Lh_trRepresent that described arc is sent out
The independent transmission bay level in array antenna 101 of penetrating is to size;lh_trRepresent that described arc is launched
Horizontal range between adjacent two independent transmission bay geometric centers in array antenna 101;Δltr
For based on Lh_trThe parameter determined, and, Δ ltr∈(0,Lh_tr)。
Preferably, Δ ltr=λc/ 16, wherein, λcFor arcuate array MIMO-SAR imaging system and
The operation wavelength of the arcuate array antenna comprised, and Lh_trFor λcα times, i.e.
Lh_tr=α λc (2)
Wherein, α is a parameter preset, and α ∈ [0.25,2.00].Accordingly, there exist following proportionate relationship:
Δltr=Lh_tr/16α (3)
Although it will be understood however, that give Δ l hereintrWith Lh_trBetween example proportionate relationship,
But the invention is not restricted to this, remaining proportionate relationship is also applied for the present invention.
Additionally, as shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c, in described arc receiving array antenna 102, adjacent two
Individual reception bay (such as, R1With R2、R2With R3Deng) can have water between aperture centre
Straight angle degree separation delta θ 'Interval, and
Wherein, R'0Represent the arc radius of described arc receiving array antenna 102;Lh_reRepresent described arc
Individual reception bay level in receiving array antenna 102 is to size;lh_reRepresent that described arc connects
Receive the horizontal range between adjacent two independent transmission bay geometric centers in array antenna 102;
ΔlreFor based on Lh_reThe parameter determined, and, Δ lre∈(0,Lh_re)。
Similar with described above, it is preferable that Δ lre=λc/ 16, and Lh_reFor λcα times, i.e.
Lh_tr=α λc (5)
Accordingly, there exist following proportionate relationship:
Δlre=Lh_re/16α (6)
Although it will be understood however, that give Δ l hereinreWith Lh_reBetween example proportionate relationship,
But the invention is not restricted to this, remaining proportionate relationship is also applied for the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment, the independent transmission sky in described arc emission array antenna 101
Linear array unit level is to size Lh_trWith the individual reception bay in described arc receiving array antenna 102
Level is to size Lh_reCan be equal.Additionally, in described arc emission array antenna 101 adjacent two solely
Horizontal range l between vertical launching antenna array unit geometric centerh_trWith described arc receiving array antenna 102
In horizontal range l between adjacent two individual reception bay geometric centersh_reCan be equal.The most just
It is to say, in this case, Δ ltr=Δ lre。
Additionally, in the neighbouring feelings of arc emission array antenna 101 and arc receiving array antenna 102
Under condition, the arc radius R of described arc emission array antenna 1010With described arc receiving array antenna
The arc radius R' of 1020Can be equal.Further, battle array can be launched by arc due to arcuate array antenna 1
Array antenna 101 and the neighbouring stacking of arc receiving array antenna 102 are constituted, therefore, and arcuate array sky
The arc radius of line 1 also with the arc radius R of arc emission array antenna 1010With arc receiving array sky
The arc radius R' of line 1020Equal.In a preferred embodiment, the choosing of described arc radius
The scope of selecting can for example, 0.05m~10.00m.
In this case, the horizontal angle between described adjacent two independent transmission bay aperture centres
Degree separation delta θIntervalWith the level angle between described adjacent two individual reception bay aperture centres
Separation delta θ 'IntervalCan be equal.
As it has been described above, described each individual reception bay depends on described each independent transmission bay
Secondary staggered, therefore, an independent transmission bay (example in described arc emission array antenna 101
As, T1) staggered individual reception adjacent thereto in aperture centre and described arc receiving array antenna 102
Bay (such as, R1And R2) can have level angle pitch difference Δ θ between aperture centreMidInter,
And:
Arc emission array antenna 101 and arc receiving array antenna 102 is arranged according to upper type.Institute
The sum of the independent transmission bay arranged and the sum of individual reception bay can be equal, and
Below equation (8) can be passed through and determine this sum N:
Wherein, θ0Represent the angular aperture of described arcuate array antenna 1.In a preferred embodiment, arc
Angular aperture θ of shape array antenna 10The size range of choice be 3 °~360 °.It is to say, the present invention
The arcuate array antenna 1 provided can form a perimeter array antenna, thus, it is possible to realize view field
360 ° of full-shape observations of scape 21.For linear array antenna, substantially increase observation scope.
In one embodiment of the invention, described independent transmission bay and described individual reception sky
Linear array unit type can be following at least one: slot antenna, microstrip antenna, end-on-fire antenna,
Radiating guide, diectric antenna or dipole antenna.It is to say, arc emission array antenna 101 is permissible
It is made up of the independent transmission bay of one or more types, and arc receiving array antenna 102 also may be used
To be made up of the individual reception bay of one or more types.
Additionally, the polarization side of each independent transmission bay in described arc emission array antenna 101
Formula is consistent, and can be following in one: horizontal polarization, vertical polarization or circular polarisation;And, institute
The polarization mode stating each individual reception bay in arc receiving array antenna 102 is consistent, and can
Think following in one: horizontal polarization, vertical polarization or circular polarisation.Arc emission array antenna 101
Polarization mode can be consistent with the polarization mode of arc receiving array antenna 102, it is also possible to inconsistent,
To this, the present invention is not defined.
The foregoing describe the knot of the arcuate array antenna 1 for MIMO-SAR imaging that the present invention provides
Structure.Be described below the present invention provide based on arcuate array antenna 1 carry out microwave signal transmitting-receiving with
System and method in MIMO-SAR imaging.
Fig. 3 shows the microwave signal for MIMO-SAR imaging according to the embodiment of the present invention
The structural representation of receive-transmit system.As it is shown on figure 3, this microwave signal receive-transmit system may include that MIMO
Transceiver module 2, is used for producing and sending microwave signal;Arcuate array antenna 1, including micro-for radiating
The arc emission array antenna 101 of ripple signal and for receiving the arc receiving array antenna of echo-signal
102;Microwave switch network 3, for receiving described microwave signal from described MIMO transceiver module 2,
From described arc emission array antenna 101, select to radiate the independent transmission antenna array of described microwave signal
Unit, and this microwave signal is sent to selected independent transmission bay, with by this independent transmission sky
Linear array unit radiates described microwave signal;Described microwave switch network 3 is additionally operable to from described arc receiving array
Antenna 102 selects the individual reception bay of echo-signal to be received, and receives from selected
The echo-signal of individual reception bay, and this echo-signal is sent to described MIMO transmitting-receiving
Module 2;And described MIMO transceiver module 2 is additionally operable to receive described echo-signal, and to this echo
Signal processes, to form digital echo signal.
By above it can be seen that in described microwave signal receive-transmit system, first received and dispatched mould by MIMO
Block 2 produces a microwave signal, and sends this microwave signal to microwave switch network 3.This microwave switch
Network 3 (or in a predetermined sequence) can be sent out from described arc under the control of peripheral control unit
Penetrate the independent transmission bay selecting to radiate described microwave signal in array antenna 101.Afterwards, micro-
Ripple switching network 3 can control to turn between selected independent transmission bay, and by described micro-
Ripple signal sends to this independent transmission bay, to be radiated by it.
Afterwards, microwave signal forms echo-signal after such as observing scene 21 reflection.Similarly, micro-
Ripple switching network 3 (or in a predetermined sequence) can come from described under the control of peripheral control unit
Arc receiving array antenna 102 selects the individual reception bay of echo-signal to be received.Afterwards,
Microwave switch network 3 can control to turn between selected individual reception bay, and receives
Echo-signal from selected individual reception bay.Afterwards, then by this echo-signal it is sent to institute
State MIMO transceiver module 2, to be carried out signal processing by this MIMO transceiver module 2.
Preferably, microwave switch network 3 can select to radiate the independent transmission sky of described microwave signal
While linear array unit, also select the individual reception bay of echo-signal to be received.Further, controlling
And between selected independent transmission bay while conducting, also control and selected individual reception
Turn between bay.As such, it is possible to make transmitting signal echo-signal after observation scene reflectivity
Enter reception antenna array element, MIMO transceiver module.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, selected reception antenna array element is with selected
The reception antenna array element of launching antenna array unit interleaved adjacent.Such as, with the arc battle array shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c
As a example by array antenna, it is assumed that microwave switch network 3 selects launching antenna array unit T1Carry out microwave signal transmitting,
The reception antenna array element being then used for receiving echo-signal is and this launching antenna array unit T1Connecing of interleaved adjacent
Receive bay R1And R2.If selecting launching antenna array unit T2Carry out microwave signal transmitting, be then used for
The reception antenna array element receiving echo-signal is and this launching antenna array unit T2The reception antenna of interleaved adjacent
Array element R2And R3, by that analogy.
Microwave switch network 3 controls the detailed process of the switching of launching antenna array unit and reception antenna array element such as
Lower described.
As shown in Figure 4, microwave switch network 3 can include emission array switching network 301, receive battle array
Row switching network 302, driver 303 and microwave switch Centralized Controller 304.Emission array switch net
Network 301 transmits, by different switching network switchings, the microwave letter that MIMO transceiver module 2 produces one by one
Number to arc emission array antenna 101, receiving array switching network 302 is by arc receiving array antenna 102
Receive the echo-signal feeding MIMO transceiver module 2 that observation scene 21 reflects.
It is illustrated as a example by the radial antenna array 1 shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c below.Microwave switch is concentrated
Controller 304 controls emission array switching network 301 by driver 303 and selects microwave switch break-make sequence
Number, so that the microwave signal that MIMO transceiver module 2 produces passes sequentially through emission array switching network 301
Interface 3011 (mono signal passage) and interface 3012, from independent transmission bay T1Give off.
Receiving array switching network 302 selects individual reception bay R1And R2Receive echo-signal.Afterwards,
Described echo-signal passes sequentially through interface 3022 (dual signal passage) and interface 3021 enters MIMO and receives
Send out module 2.
The microwave signal that MIMO transceiver module 2 produces passes sequentially through connecing of emission array switching network 301
Mouthfuls 3011 and interface 3012, from stand-alone antenna array element T2Give off.Receiving array switching network 302 selects
Select individual reception bay R2And R3Receive echo-signal.Afterwards, described echo-signal passes sequentially through
Interface 3022 and interface 3021 enter MIMO transceiver module 2.
The microwave signal that MIMO transceiver module 2 produces passes sequentially through connecing of emission array switching network 301
Mouthfuls 3011 and interface 3012, from independent transmission bay T3Give off.Receiving array switching network
302 select individual reception bay R3And R4Receive echo-signal.Afterwards, described echo-signal depends on
Secondary enter MIMO transceiver module 2 by interface 3022 and interface 3021.
By that analogy, until the microwave signal that MIMO transceiver module 2 produces passes sequentially through emission array
The interface 3011 of switching network 301 and interface 3012, from independent transmission bay TNGive off.Connect
Receive array switch network 302 and select individual reception bay RN(because shown in Fig. 2 a-Fig. 2 c
In arcuate array antenna 1, with independent transmission bay TNThe reception antenna array element of interleaved adjacent only has
Reception antenna array element RN) receive echo-signal.Afterwards, described echo-signal passes sequentially through interface 3022
MIMO transceiver module 2 is entered with interface 3021.
Receive and dispatch process through above microwave signal, as shown in Figure 2 c, 2N-1 equivalent sampling can be formed
Point: Papc(θ=θm, Rarc, h0), m=1 ..., (2N-1), wherein, θ is arcuate array aerial angle direction,
θ=θmRepresent m-th equivalent sampling point PapcThe angle coordinate of position coordinates, h0For arcuate array sky
The height of line 1, and RarcFor equivalent sampling point radius.Below equation (9) can be passed through determine
Effect sampled point radius Rarc:
Rarc=R0tan(ΔθInterval/2) (9)
Interlaced arrangement mode due to arcuate array antenna 1 so that have between adjacent two equivalent sampling points
Equivalent sampling angle is had to be spaced θs, and θs=Δ θInterval/2.This equivalence sampling angle interval θsWith above
The level angle pitch difference Δ θ describedMidInterEqual.
Emission array switching network 301 and emission array switching network 302 can be opened by multiple single-pole single-throw(SPSTs
Pass or single-pole double throw or hilted broadsword eight are thrown PIN switch and are constituted, it is also possible to by multiple single-pole single-throw switch (SPST)s or hilted broadsword
Double-throw or hilted broadsword eight are thrown ferrite switch and are constituted.Logically can throw emission array by equivalence formation hilted broadsword N
Switch and 2 groups of hilted broadsword N/2 throw switches, thus realize that simultaneously riches all the way and penetrate two-way receiving.Each switch
Comprise one to have for the driver 303 controlling microwave switch passage break-make, whole microwave switch network 3
Have a microwave switch Centralized Controller 304, be connected with each driver 303, and by LAN or
RS232 is connected with peripheral control unit (not shown), controls each road flexibly by this peripheral control unit and opens
Close break-make.
Fig. 5 shows the structural representation of MIMO transceiver module 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Describe MIMO transceiver module 2 is how to carry out microwave signal transmitting, connect in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 5
The method received and process.
As it is shown in figure 5, described MIMO transceiver module 2 may include that microwave signal generation unit 201,
For producing described microwave signal, and send described micro-to described microwave switch network 3 and power splitter 202
Ripple signal;Described power splitter 202, this power splitter 202 has an input 2021 and multiple outfan
(such as, outfan 2022 and 2023), for receiving described microwave letter via described input 2021
Number, and this microwave signal is divided into many ways microwave signal, and come one by one via the plurality of outfan
The described many ways microwave signal of corresponding transmission;Multiple reception unit (such as, receive unit 203 and 204),
Each reception unit is for receiving the echo-signal from a selected reception antenna array element;And it is many
Individual processing unit (such as, processing unit 205 and 206), each processing unit and described power splitter 202
Each outfan connect one to one, and connect one to one with each reception unit, for from right
The reception unit answered receives described echo-signal, receives described sub-microwave signal from corresponding outfan, with
And based on received sub-microwave signal, received echo-signal is processed, described to be formed
Digital echo signal.
Specifically, as it is shown in figure 5, microwave signal generation unit 201 can include MIMO transmitting-receiving control
Device 2016 processed, frequency source 2011, amplifier 2012, bonder 2013 (or replacing with power splitter),
Amplifier 2014 and amplifier 2015.First, MIMO transceiver controller 2016 by LAN or
RS232 is connected with peripheral control unit (not shown).Under the control of peripheral control unit, pass through MIMO
Transceiver controller 2016 controls frequency source 2011 and produces microwave signal.This microwave signal is through amplifier
Being transferred into bonder 2013 (or replacing with power splitter) after 2012 amplifications, output two-way is identical afterwards
Microwave signal.By from microwave after two way microwave signals amplified device 2014 respectively and amplifier 2015 amplification
Signal generation unit 201 exports, and wherein, this two way microwave signals can be respectively labeled as Str(t) and
Str'(t).One tunnel microwave signal StrT () is transferred to emission array switching network 301, and sent out by arc
Penetrate array antenna 101 to this microwave signal of external radiation.Another road microwave signal Str' (t) be sent to MIMO
Power splitter 202 in transceiver module 2.Wherein, t be distance to time variable, and t ∈ [-Tr/2,Tr/ 2],
TrFor signal duration.
Power splitter 202 can have an input 2021 and multiple outfan.In the present invention, for
It is easy to illustrate clearly purpose, illustrates as a example by two outfans 2022 and 2023.Power splitter
202 can receive described microwave signal S via described input 2021tr' (t), and by this microwave signal
Str' (t) be divided into two way microwave signals Str1' (t) and Str2' (t), and via said two outfan 2022
Carry out one_to_one corresponding with 2023 and send described two way microwave signals Str1' (t) and Str2'(t)。
In the reception side of MIMO transceiver module 2, it can include multiple reception unit.As it has been described above,
Present invention preferably uses that riches all the way and penetrate the transmitting-receiving mode that two-way receives, therefore, a kind of example embodiment party
In formula, MIMO transceiver module 2 can include that two receive unit 203 and 204, each reception unit
For receiving from selected reception antenna array element (such as a, R1Or R2) echo-signal.
MIMO transceiver module 2 can also include multiple processing unit.For the ease of illustrating clearly purpose,
Illustrate as a example by two processing units 205 and 206.As it is shown in figure 5, each processing unit is permissible
Connect one to one (such as, processing unit 205 and output with each outfan of described power splitter 202
End 2022 connection, processing unit 206 is connected with outfan 2022), and with each reception unit one
One corresponding connect (such as, processing unit 205 is connected with reception unit 203, processing unit 206 with connect
Receive unit 204 to connect), for receiving described echo-signal from corresponding reception unit, from corresponding defeated
Go out end and receive described sub-microwave signal, and based on received sub-microwave signal, received is returned
Ripple signal processes, to form described digital echo signal.
Specifically, (such as, processing unit 205 He of each processing unit in the plurality of processing unit
206) may include that frequency mixer (such as, frequency mixer 2051 and 2061), for from corresponding reception
Unit receives described echo-signal, receives described sub-microwave signal from corresponding outfan, and based on being connect
The sub-microwave signal received carries out down-converted to received echo-signal;Wave filter is (such as,
Wave filter 2052 and 2062) and amplifier (such as, amplifier 2053 and 2063), it is right to be respectively used to
The signal obtained after downconverted process is filtered and processing and amplifying;And analog-digital converter is (such as,
Analog-digital converter 2054 and 2064), for the signal obtained after described filtering and processing and amplifying is entered
Row analog digital conversion, to form described digital echo signal.
Such as, control microwave switch network 3 and make the independent transmission antenna in camber line emission array antenna 101
Array element Tn, individual reception bay R in arc receiving array antenna 102nAnd Rn+1Simultaneously turn on,
Launch signal StrT () is through independent transmission bay TnRadiation, reflects, by solely through observation scene 21
Vertical reception antenna array element RnAnd Rn+1Receive simultaneously, transmit to MIMO transmitting-receiving through microwave switch network 3
Module 2.Reception unit 203 and 204 in MIMO transceiver module 2 receives respectively from individual reception
Bay RnAnd Rn+1Echo-signal, the wave filter 2052 in processing unit 205 and 206
After processing with 2062 and amplifier 2053 and 2063, obtain two-way intermediate-freuqncy signal IF1, IF2, represent
For Sre(t, θ=2 (n-1) θs) and Sre(t,(2n-1)×θs).Mould in processing unit 205 and 206
After number converter 2054 and 2064 is changed, obtain and export two-way digital echo signal DA1,
DA2, is expressed as With Wherein, the initial value of n
It is 1.Represent intermediate-freuqncy signal Sre(t, θ=2 (n-1) θs) and Sre(t,(2n-1)×θs) along time t with
Sample frequency fsCarry out after sample quantizationIndividual sampled point.
Make n=n+1, if n < N, then repeat said process.If n=N, control microwave switch network
3 make the independent transmission bay T in camber line emission array antenna 101N, arc receiving array antenna 102
In individual reception bay RNConducting, launches signal StrT () is through independent transmission bay TNSpoke
Penetrate, reflect, by individual reception bay R through observation scene 21NReceive, through microwave switch net
Network 3 transmits to MIMO transceiver module 2.Echo can be received by the one in multiple reception unit
After signal, and the process of frequency mixer, wave filter and the amplifier in corresponding processing unit,
To road intermediate-freuqncy signal IF1, it is expressed as Sre(t, θ=2 (N-1) × θs).Afterwards, through analog-digital converter
After carrying out analog digital conversion, obtain railway digital echo-signal DA1, be expressed as Represent intermediate-freuqncy signal Sre(t, θ=2 (N-1) × θs) along time t to adopt
Sample frequency fsCarry out after sample quantizationIndividual sampled point.Now, just complete 2N-1 equivalence
The echo signal sample of sampled point.The transmitting-receiving sequencing contro of whole MIMO microwave signal receive-transmit system can
With as shown in Figure 6.
Additionally, the present invention also provides for a kind of microwave signal receiving/transmission method for MIMO-SAR imaging.
The method includes: produce microwave signal;Arc emission array antenna from arcuate array antenna selects
Radiate the independent transmission bay of described microwave signal;By selected independent transmission bay spoke
Penetrate described microwave signal;Arc receiving array antenna from described arcuate array antenna selects to receive
The individual reception bay of echo-signal;Described echo is received by selected individual reception bay
Signal;And received echo-signal is processed, to form digital echo signal.
Additionally, this microwave signal receiving/transmission method can also include: after producing described microwave signal, will
This microwave signal is divided into many ways microwave signal;And based on described sub-microwave signal, received is returned
Ripple signal processes, to form described digital echo signal.Wherein, based on described sub-microwave signal pair
Received echo-signal processes, and includes forming described digital echo signal: based on described son
Microwave signal carries out down-converted to received echo-signal;Obtain after downconverted process
Signal be filtered and processing and amplifying;And the signal obtained after filtered and processing and amplifying is carried out
Analog digital conversion, to form described digital echo signal.
The process of each step in described microwave signal receiving/transmission method and principle microwave the most above in conjunction letter
It is consistent that number receive-transmit system describes, and the most just repeats no more.
After completing the signal sampling to 2N-1 equivalent sampling point, i.e. complete based on arcuate array
After the microwave signal transmitting-receiving process of antenna, enter into follow-up imaging process.
To this, the present invention also provides for a kind of MIMO-SAR imaging system, as it is shown in fig. 7, should
MIMO-SAR imaging system can include the above-mentioned microwave signal receive-transmit system that the present invention provides;And
Imaging processor 4, for generating based on the digital echo signal exported by described MIMO transceiver module 2
Image information.Additionally, this imaging system can also include showing processing module 5, it is used for showing described figure
As information.
Be described more fully below the present invention provide, by imaging processor 4 and display processing module 5 perform
, MIMO-SAR formation method based on arcuate array antenna.
Fig. 8 shows MIMO-SAR based on arcuate array antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of formation method.As shown in Figure 8, the method may include that step S801, to via institute
State the echo-signal that arcuate array antenna (such as, arcuate array antenna 1) receives to sample, its
In, this echo-signal is that the microwave signal launched by described arcuate array antenna is through observation scene reflection
Become;Step S802, arranges received echo-signal according to sampling angle interval,
To arcuate array imaging data;Step S803, carries out distance to inverse to described arcuate array imaging data
Fourier transformation (IFT), obtains signal after Range compress;Step S804, after described Range compress
Signal is carried out tiltedly and Residual video phase compensates;Step S805, to going described in warp tiltedly and remaining video
The signal obtained after phase compensation carries out distance to Fourier transformation (FT), obtains distance wave-number domain and believes
Number;Step S806, is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing described distance wave-number domain signal,
To image pixel value;And step S807, generate image based on described image pixel value.
The concrete methods of realizing of above-mentioned each step is described below in detail.First, in step S801, right
The echo-signal received via described arcuate array antenna is sampled, wherein, this echo-signal be by
The microwave signal that described arcuate array antenna is launched reflects to form through observation scene.
In MIMO microwave signal receive-transmit system described above, MIMO transceiver module 2 is the most defeated
Go out two digital echo signals, respectively DA1 and DA2.As previously described and shown in Fig. 6
Go out, differ a sampling angle owing to this receives between digital echo signal DA1 with DA2 obtained
Interval, receives the digital echo signal DA1 obtained next time and receives the digital echo letter obtained with this
Also differ a sampling angle interval between number DA2, therefore, in step S802, can adopt according to described
All digital signal DA1 and DA2 received are arranged by sample angle interval, thus obtain arc
Array image-forming data Sre_arc(t, θ):
Obtaining described arcuate array imaging data Sre_arcAfter (t, θ), in step S803, to this arc
Array image-forming data Sre_arc(t, θ) carries out distance to inverse Fourier transform, i.e. to Sre_arc(t, θ) is along distance
To carrying out inverse Fourier transform, obtain the signal S after Range compressIFT_re_arc(r, θ):
SIFT_re_arc(r, θ)=IFTt{Sre_arc(t,θ)} (11)
Wherein, IFTtRepresent and carry out inverse Fourier transform along distance to time variable t, r be echo-signal initial and
The observation scene distance variable that end time is corresponding.
Afterwards, in step S705, to the signal S after described Range compressIFT_re_arc(r, θ) is carried out tiltedly
And Residual video phase compensates.Following penalty function H (r) can be used SIFT_re_arc(r, θ) carried out tiltedly,
Residual video phase compensates:
Wherein, KrFor signal frequency modulation rate, C is propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave.
Tiltedly and signal S was obtained after Residual video phase compensation through the pastIFT_RVP(r, θ):
SIFT_RVP(r, θ)=SIFT_re_arc(r,θ)×H(r) (13)
It follows that in step S804, to the signal tiltedly and obtained after Residual video phase compensation through the past
SIFT_RVP(r, θ) carries out distance to Fourier transformation, i.e. to SIFT_RVP(r, θ) along distance to carrying out in Fu
Leaf transformation, it is possible to obtain distance wave-number domain signal SFT_RVP(Kω, θ):
Wherein, FT represents Fourier transformation, Sre_fre(Kω, θ) be
Wherein, Kω=2 π (fc+KrT)/C represents that distance is to wave-number domain frequency, fcFor system operating frequency, rn
For target PnTo equivalent sampling point PapcDistance.
It follows that in step S806, described distance wave-number domain signal is filtered and coherent superposition becomes
As processing, obtain image pixel value.The detailed process of this step is as follows:
Step S8061: be created as, as coordinate space, the image space of observation scene 21 correspondence being carried out
Discretization.Specifically, as it is shown in figure 9, (θ=θm,Rarc,h0), m=1, L, (2N-1) is arcuate array
Antenna MIMO forword-looking imaging equivalent sampling point PapcPosition coordinates, θ is arcuate array aerial angle side
To, θ=θmRepresent m-th equivalent sampling point PapcThe angle coordinate of position coordinates, PnFor observation field
Coordinate (the θ of target in scape 21n,rrn,φn), θnFor target PnAzimuth, φnFor target PnThe angle of pitch,
rrnFor target PnTo the distance in the arcuate array antenna center of circle, rrnearLow coverage is observed for arcuate array antenna 1,
rrfarLong distance, θ is observed for arcuate array antenna 1minAnd θmaxFor the minimum that observation scene 21 region is corresponding
Angle and maximum angle, and θ0=θmax-θmin, θ0Represent the angular aperture size of arcuate array antenna;Right
The image of observation scene 21 correspondence carries out two-dimensional discrete, specifically:
With Δ rrIWith Δ θIPixel separation respectively along oblique distance to arcuate array direction to observation scene 21 district
Territory carries out two-dimensional discrete, obtains two dimension slant-range image space I (nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI), wherein,
nrr=1,2, L, Nrr, nθ=1,2 ..., Nθ, NrrAnd NθBe respectively along oblique distance to arcuate array direction from
Pixel number after dispersion, wherein,
Wherein, C is propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave, λcBy arcuate array MIMO-SAR imaging system and wrapped
The operation wavelength of the arcuate array antenna contained, signal bandwidth is Br=KrTr, signal duration is Tr,
Signal frequency modulation rate is Kr, βrrAnd βθFor weight coefficient, R0For the arc radius of arc line array antenna 1,
θAFor arc emission array antenna 101 and the wave beam width of arc receiving array antenna 102 stand-alone antenna array element
Degree, NθSynAperRepresent and be effectively synthesized the equivalent sampling point P that aperture is comprisedapc(θ,Rarc,h0) quantity,
ΔrrIWith Δ θIBe respectively along oblique distance to arcuate array direction to observation scene 21 region pixel separation.
Afterwards, in step S8062: by the distance wave-number domain signal that step S805 is obtained
SFT_RVP(Kω, θ) it is filtered and coherent superposition, circulation solves each pixel value of image.
In view of observation area is carried out two-dimensional imaging, then select to carry out two-dimensional imaging in angle of incidence plane
Process, namely do not consider the φ of target in observation field scene areanChange, φnFor target PnThe angle of pitch, and
Being that target projection to fixing oblique distance curved surface carries out two-dimensional imaging, corresponding oblique distance curved surface selects to bear with Z axis
Angular separation is φincCurved surface on;
Wherein, h0For arcuate array antenna height, rrnearLow coverage, rr is observed for arcuate array antenna 1far
Long distance, φ is observed for arcuate array antenna 1incAlso illustrate that arcuate array antenna angle of incidence, be one to preset often
Amount.
Specifically: first, in step S80621: make nrr=1, nθ=1, wherein nrrAnd nθRepresent picture
Element counting sequence number.Afterwards, step S80622: calculate image I (nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI(n in)rr,nθ) as
Coordinate position (the n that element is correspondingrrΔrrI,nθΔθI) to the equivalent sampling point of arcuate array antenna 1
Papc(θ,Rarc,h0) distance, and according to this distance generate adaptation function
HM(θ,Rarc,h0;nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI):
Wherein,
Wherein, Xn、YnAnd ZnRepresent image I (n respectivelyrrΔrrI,nθΔθI(n in)rr,nθ) seat corresponding to pixel
Cursor position (nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI) target corresponding to place be to the equivalent sampling point of arcuate array antenna 1
Papc(θ,Rarc,h0) along X, Y and the distance of Z axis.
Afterwards, step S80623: based on described distance wave-number domain signal and described adaptation function, determine
(the n of imagerr,nθ) numerical value corresponding to individual pixel.Specifically:
Wherein, θint_minAnd θint_maxRepresent the integrating range of θ, θint_minAnd θint_maxRepresent integration respectively
Lower limit and upper limit of integral, the respectively corresponding arc synthetic aperture minimum sampling angle value relative to target and
Big sampling angle value, and:
Afterwards, step S80624: make nrrAdd 1, if nrr≤Nrr, and it is back to step S80622;If
nrr> Nrr, continue executing with step S80625;
Step S80625: make nθAdd 1, if nθ≤Nθ, make nrr=1, and it is back to step S80622;
If nθ> Nθ, continue executing with step S707.
Finally, in step S807: generate image based on described image pixel value.Specifically, can make
Iamp(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI)=| I (nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI) |, wherein, | * | represents the range value taking " * ", from
And generate two-dimensional image Iamp(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI)。
Above-mentioned imaging process can be completed by imaging processor 4, and this imaging processor 4 can be
Computer or dsp processor.Can be by image display 5 to two dimensional image
Iamp(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI) complete high-resolution microwave image and show, check for user.
Due to Iamp(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI) contain observation area polarizers of big angle scope scene information, therefore,
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, can carry out to use angle, subregional mode at equal intervals
Display.Such as, if θmin=0rad.=0 °, θmax=2 π rad.=360 °, wherein " rad. " represents arc
Degree, θminAnd θmaxThe minimum angles corresponding for observation field scene area and maximum angle, then can be by grade between
Every angle delta θdis=10 °, subregion Δ θsegThe two dimensional image of=60 ° of display observation scenes
Iamp(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI), i.e. 0 °~60 °, 10 °~70 ° ..., 350 °~50 °.Such as another example,
If θmin=0rad.=0 °, θmax=π rad.=180 °, then by angle delta θ at equal intervalsdis=10 °, subregion
ΔθsegThe two-dimensional image I of=60 ° of display observation scenesamp(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI), i.e. 0 °~60 °,
10 °~70 ° ..., 120 °~180 °, 0 °~60 °.It should be appreciated that above-mentioned angle value at equal intervals and
Subregion thresholding is all exemplary, is merely to illustrate the present invention, rather than limits the present invention.Other etc.
Angular interval angle value and subregion thresholding are also applied for the present invention.
Alternatively, it is also possible to all the image information of scene is observed in display, the most all show two dimension
Image Iamp(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI).Such as, if θmin=0rad.=0 °, θmax=2 π rad.=360 °, then
The two-dimensional image I of 0 °~360 ° observation scene can be directly displayedamp(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI).As another shows
Example, if θmin=0rad.=0 °, θmax=π rad.=180 °, then can directly display observation scene
0 °~180 ° of two-dimensional image Iamp(nrrΔrrI,nθΔθI)。
Thus, complete MIMO-SAR imaging processing based on arcuate array aerial signal and showed
Journey.
The present invention also provides for a kind of MIMO-SAR imaging device based on arcuate array antenna.This device
May include that the mould for the echo-signal received via described arcuate array antenna is sampled
Block, wherein, this echo-signal is that the microwave signal launched by described arcuate array antenna is through observation scene
Reflect to form;For received echo-signal being arranged according to sampling angle interval, obtain
The module of arcuate array imaging data;For described arcuate array imaging data is carried out distance in inverse Fu
Leaf transformation, obtains the module of signal after Range compress;For signal after described Range compress is gone tiltedly
And the module that Residual video phase compensates;For to going described in warp tiltedly and obtaining after Residual video phase compensation
To signal carry out distance to Fourier transformation, obtain the module of distance wave-number domain signal;For to described
Distance wave-number domain signal is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing, obtains the module of image pixel value;With
And for generating the module of image based on described image pixel value.
Additionally, for described distance wave-number domain signal is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing, obtain
The module of image pixel value includes: be used for being created as coordinate space, to corresponding with described observation scene
Image space carries out the module of discretization;In the image space determine discretization, each pixel is corresponding
Coordinate position is to the distance of the equivalent sampling point of described arcuate array antenna, and generates coupling according to this distance
The module of function;And it is described for determining based on described distance wave-number domain signal and described adaptation function
The module of image pixel value.
Additionally, this device includes: for the module of the image that display is generated.
In sum, the present invention provide the arcuate array antenna for MIMO-SAR imaging, be used for
The microwave signal receive-transmit system of MIMO-SAR imaging and method and MIMO-SAR imaging system,
Method and apparatus, can not only ensure that signal penetrates the materials such as cigarette, mist, cloud layer and floating dust, not by weather
And climatic effect, and, compared with conventional imaging system based on linear array antenna, it is also equipped with
Following advantage:
1, effectively prevent the conventional linear array image-forming observation scope beam angle by single array-element antenna
Problem, it is possible to realize big field range imaging observation.Aircraft just can be to more without frequently moving and rotating
The region of wide scope is observed, thus ensures the flight safety of aircraft.
2, use arcuate array configuration and MIMO configuration, its array to resolution not with beam area
Increase and reduce, can keep relative stability;
3, using MIMO configuration, during platform geo-stationary, system still can realize platform week
Collarette border, even 360 ° comprehensive scenes carry out microwave imaging perception;
4, aircraft peripheral region can be carried out Real-time High Resolution rate imaging, moreover it is possible to for aircraft landing,
Scouting, searching and rescuing and taking off provides real terrestrial information, strengthens navigation and the transport rescue ability of aircraft.
Additionally, the present invention provide MIMO-SAR formation method based on arcuate array be a set of completely newly
, the method that effectively arcuate array antenna microwave signal can be carried out imaging processing, use the method
High-precision microwave imaging can be realized, it is possible to provide more wide, accurate, real for observation personnel
Observation information.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above in association with accompanying drawing, but, the present invention does not limit
Detail in above-mentioned embodiment, in the technology concept of the present invention, can be to the present invention
Technical scheme carry out multiple simple variant, these simple variant belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It is further to note that each the concrete technology described in above-mentioned detailed description of the invention is special
Levy, in the case of reconcilable, can be combined by any suitable means.In order to avoid need not
The repetition wanted, various possible compound modes are illustrated by the present invention the most separately.
Additionally, combination in any can also be carried out between the various different embodiment of the present invention, as long as its
Without prejudice to the thought of the present invention, it should be considered as content disclosed in this invention equally.
Claims (10)
1. a MIMO-SAR formation method based on arcuate array antenna, it is characterised in that the party
Method includes:
Sampling the echo-signal received via described arcuate array antenna, wherein, this echo is believed
Number it is that the microwave signal launched by described arcuate array antenna reflects to form through observation scene;
According to sampling angle interval, received echo-signal is arranged, obtain arcuate array imaging
Data;
Described arcuate array imaging data is carried out distance to inverse Fourier transform, believe after obtaining Range compress
Number;
Signal after described Range compress is gone tiltedly and Residual video phase compensates;
The signal gone described in warp tiltedly and obtain after Residual video phase compensation is carried out distance to Fourier
Conversion, obtains distance wave-number domain signal;
Described distance wave-number domain signal is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing, obtains image pixel
Value;And
Image is generated based on described image pixel value.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that to described distance wave-number domain signal
Being filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing, the step obtaining image pixel value includes:
It is created as, as coordinate space, the image space corresponding with described observation scene being carried out discretization;
Determine that coordinate position that in the image space of discretization, each pixel is corresponding is to described arcuate array sky
The distance of the equivalent sampling point of line, and generate adaptation function according to this distance;And
Described image pixel value is determined based on described distance wave-number domain signal and described adaptation function.
Method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that determine described in the following manner
Adaptation function:
Wherein,
Wherein, HM(θ, Rarc, h0;nrrΔrrI, nθΔθI) represent described adaptation function;h0For arcuate array sky
The height of line;RarcFor equivalent sampling point radius;KωRepresent that distance is to wave-number domain frequency;θ is arc battle array
Array antenna angle direction;rrnearLow coverage is observed for arcuate array antenna;θminCorresponding for observation field scene area
Minimum angles;△rrIFor along oblique distance to the pixel separation to observation field scene area;△θIFor arcuately battle array
The column direction pixel separation to observation field scene area;nrrAnd nθRepresent pixel counts sequence number;Xn、YnAnd Zn
Represent image I (n respectivelyrr△rrI,nθ△θI(n in)rr,nθ) coordinate position corresponding to pixel
(nrr△rrI,nθ△θI) target corresponding to place be to the equivalent sampling point P of arcuate array antennaapc(θ,Rarc,h0)
Along X, Y and the distance of Z axis;And φincRepresent arcuate array antenna angle of incidence.
Method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that determine described φ in the following mannerinc:
Wherein, rrfarLong distance is observed for arcuate array antenna.
5. according to the method described in any claim in claim 1-4, it is characterised in that the party
Method also includes: show generated image according to default interval angles, subregion.
6. a MIMO-SAR imaging device based on arcuate array antenna, it is characterised in that this dress
Put and include:
For the module that the echo-signal received via described arcuate array antenna is sampled, its
In, this echo-signal is that the microwave signal launched by described arcuate array antenna is through observation scene reflection
Become;
For received echo-signal being arranged according to sampling angle interval, obtain arcuate array
The module of imaging data;
For described arcuate array imaging data being carried out distance to inverse Fourier transform, obtain Range compress
The module of rear signal;
For module signal after described Range compress gone tiltedly and Residual video phase compensates;
For the signal gone described in warp tiltedly and obtain after Residual video phase compensation is carried out distance to Fu
In leaf transformation, obtain distance wave-number domain signal module;
For described distance wave-number domain signal is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing, obtain image slices
The module of element value;And
For generating the module of image based on described image pixel value.
Device the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that for described distance wave-number domain
Signal is filtered and coherent superposition imaging processing, and the module obtaining image pixel value includes:
For being created as coordinate space, the image space corresponding with described observation scene is carried out discretization
Module;
The coordinate position that each pixel is corresponding in the image space determine discretization is to described arc battle array
The distance of the equivalent sampling point of array antenna, and the module of adaptation function is generated according to this distance;And
For determining described image pixel value based on described distance wave-number domain signal and described adaptation function
Module.
Device the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that determine described in the following manner
Adaptation function:
Wherein,
Wherein, HM(θ, Rarc, h0;nrrΔrrI, nθΔθI) represent described adaptation function;h0For arcuate array sky
The height of line;RarcFor equivalent sampling point radius;KωRepresent that distance is to wave-number domain frequency;θ is arc battle array
Array antenna angle direction;rrnearLow coverage is observed for arcuate array antenna;θminCorresponding for observation field scene area
Minimum angles;△rrIFor along oblique distance to the pixel separation to observation field scene area;△θIFor arcuately battle array
The column direction pixel separation to observation field scene area;nrrAnd nθRepresent pixel counts sequence number;Xn、YnAnd Zn
Represent image I (n respectivelyrr△rrI,nθ△θI(n in)rr,nθ) coordinate position corresponding to pixel
(nrr△rrI,nθ△θI) target corresponding to place be to the equivalent sampling point P of arcuate array antennaapc(θ,Rarc,h0)
Along X, Y and the distance of Z axis;And φincRepresent arcuate array antenna angle of incidence.
Device the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that determine described φ in the following mannerinc:
Wherein, rrfarLong distance is observed for arcuate array antenna.
10. according to the device described in any claim in claim 6-9, it is characterised in that this dress
Put and also include: for showing the module of generated image according to default interval angles, subregion.
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CN110554383B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-04-06 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | MIMO annular array azimuth imaging method and device for microwave frequency band |
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