CN102087358A - Focal plane linear array passive millimeter wave imaging system - Google Patents
Focal plane linear array passive millimeter wave imaging system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a focal plane linear array passive millimeter wave imaging system which comprises a 16-channel multi-beam focal plane array antenna, four misplaced linear array large-space feed source arrays, a 16-channel signal receiving processor matched with the large-space feed source arrays, a cold calibration source, a hot calibration source, an analog-to-digital converting, sequencing and storing processor, an independent high-speed digital signal processor, a display controller and an array antenna driving system. Ccompared with the prior art, the system has the cost reduced by about 40 percent, high processing speed, and the space resolution improved by 2-3 times, and realizes Nyquist sampling and continuous sampling, and good instantaneity of continuous imaging display and high-resolution image display. Therefore, the system has the characteristics of low production cost, capability of adopting complete sampling, advanced sampling method, effective improvement of imaging resolution and processing speed of data signals, realization of continuous sampling and continuous imaging display, great improvement of imaging instantaneity, perceptual intuition and convenience for operation, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to passive mm-wave imaging technical field, particularly relate to the passive millimeter wave imaging system of a kind of focal plane linear array.
Background technology
At millimeter wave frequency band (in 30～300GHz), thick fog, cloud layer are in transparent relatively state, the loss that electromagnetic wave is propagated therein is less, compare with optical imagery with infrared imaging, the passive imaging of millimeter wave has following characteristics: 1) can penetrate cloud and mist, the smoke of gunpowder etc., have round-the-clock, all weather operations ability; 2) objects such as metal object, buildings, cement pavement, runway mainly reflect cold empty radiation, and its radiation characteristic and natural forms radiation characteristic differ greatly, so the image contrast height helps Target Recognition and detection; 3) nonmetallic materials there is to a certain degree through characteristic, therefore has certain counter camouflage ability; Therefore passive mm-wave imaging technology is in fields such as safety inspection, anti-terrorism detection also extensive application prospect, can find to be hidden in metal object (as pistol, dagger) and non-metallic objectsit is not a metal object (as ceramic weapon, plastic explosive) under the clothing, also can see through the building wall that some material (as plank) is made, find metal object within doors; All there is good prospects for application in the passive mm-wave imaging technology fields such as the navigation of landing, inland navigation craft is crashproof, harbour, airport scene monitoring of getting off the plane at severe weather conditions.And compare with the monostatic radar imaging, having following characteristics again based on the passive mm-wave imaging technology of radiometer: one. passive received signal is difficult for being found that by the enemy battlefield survival strengthens greatly; They are two years old. the object thermal radiation signal bandwidth of reception, become the image profile accurately, levels are rich, be beneficial to Target Recognition; They are three years old. and utilize the radiation of object self, body form and antiradar coating are very little to the imaging effect influence, are beneficial to anti-stealthy.
Because passive millimeter wave detection imaging technique has These characteristics, thereby having become the optical imagery that continues, the outer a kind of emerging passive detection imaging technique of infrared imaging, is the new direction of following passive detection imaging technique development.
Traditional passive millimeter wave imaging system, " the passive millimeter wave imaging system of 8mm frequency range " as Ukraine " Iceberg " national research centre development, this system comprises 16 * 2 the 32 passage linear array scannings of adopting that dislocation arranges, and antenna aperture is 900mm, and feed is of a size of 14 * 13mm
2Multiple-beam array antenna, be located at the array antenna left and right sides and be used to carry out the cold and hot reference source that channel correcting (calibration) is handled, be provided with the signal receiving processor of 32 passages, mould/number conversion, ordering and storage of processor (module), with the computing machine of doing acquired signal is carried out late-enhancement processing and image demonstration, and the array antenna driving and the control system that drive array antenna scanning operation.This imaging system is operated in 35GHz (8mm) frequency range, and antenna beam three dB bandwidth is 0.6 °.During this imaging system work: front end at first utilizes reference source acquisition channel correction data, 32 passage multiple-beam array antennas are by the radiation brightness of the outside detection of a target of feed array received then, through the receiving processor that is provided with 32 passages the radiation brightness signal is converted into voltage signal, and finish and amplify and Filtering Processing, pass through mould/number conversion again, ordering and storage of processor are converted into the digital signal row of channels of going forward side by side with simulating signal (voltage signal) and proofread and correct, again after ordering and stores processor, pass to computing machine signal is carried out late-enhancement processing and image demonstration, and scanning control system
Then control the operation of 32 channel array antennas.
In traditional millimeter wave imaging system, adopt 32 channel array scanner uni 8mm frequency range imaging systems, the one, cost is too high, the 2nd, and image resolution ratio is lower; Millimeter wave imaging system is similar to low pass lens, because the spectral band limit, the part radio-frequency component that causes image is that image detail is lost, image resolution ratio reduces; This system utilizes computing machine to carry out the signal enhancement process, recovering its radio-frequency component obtains image resolution ratio with raising and image is shown, though have the characteristics of highly versatile, data processing speed is slow, instantaneity is poor but exist, and scanning control system is an autonomous device, is not easy to operation again.In addition, the antenna aperture of this system is that 900mm, frequency are 35GHz, the space interval≤4.76mm of its required sampling, and feed is of a size of 14 * 13mm
2, dislocation is arranged in addition, the interval of interchannel sampling is greater than 6.5mm, so this system can not carry out Nyquist (Nyquist) sampling to the detection of a target, only can adopt the Rayleigh sample mode that contains quantity of information few (owing the high frequency composition), this exists the integrality of sampling poor again.Thereby the above-mentioned background technology exists system cost height, sample mode to fall behind, and data processing speed is slow, the instantaneity of imaging is poor, and become defectives such as the resolution of image is lower.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is defective at the background technology existence, the passive millimeter wave imaging system of a kind of focal plane of research and design linear array, to reach the reduction system cost, can utilize Nyquist sampling (sampling fully) and 3mm frequency range imaging system and independently signal processor, effectively improve processing speed of data, realize the demonstration of continuous sampling continuous imaging, the purposes such as resolution of the instantaneity of imaging and one-tenth's image.
Solution of the present invention is on the basis of traditional millimeter wave imaging system, and 32 channel array scanner uni 8mm frequency range imaging systems with 16 * 2 change the scanning of 16 passage multi-beam focal plane arrays (FPA)s (antenna) into, to reduce system cost and to realize the Nyquist sampling; Cancel the computing machine that signal is carried out enhancement process and image demonstration simultaneously, and the high speed digital signal processor of employing 3mm frequency range imaging system and special use is to obtaining the resolution that the millimeter-wave image signal carries out enhancement process, obtained image to increase substantially, cooperate with display controller simultaneously, the picture signal after digital signal processor processes is shown, the operation and the signals collecting of 16 passage multiple-beam array antenna systems are controlled, realize that the continuous sampling continuous imaging shows, increased substantially the instantaneity of imaging.Therefore, the focal plane of the present invention passive millimeter wave imaging system of linear array comprises multi-beam focal plane array array antenna, cold, hot reference source, signal receiving processor, mould/number conversion, ordering and storage of processor, signal enhancement process and image display system, array antenna drives and control system, key is that multiple-beam array antenna and supporting with it signal recipient processor are respectively 16 passage multi-beam focal plane array array antennas and 16 channel signal receiving processors, signal enhancement process and image display system are then for containing digital signal processor, the split type signal enhancement process and the image display control system of display controller, the control module in array antenna driving and the control system then is located in the display controller, the array antenna drive system then comprises servo-driver and driving motor; 16 passage multi-beam focal plane array array antennas and cold, hot reference source all is fixed on the turntable, 16 channel signal receiving processors connect through each passage feed interface corresponding with multi-beam focal plane array array antenna respectively, and by data line and mould/number conversion, the input port of ordering and storage of processor connects, the input end of digital signal processor is by data line and mould/number conversion, the output terminal of ordering and storage of processor connects, output terminal then is connected with image display port in the display controller by data line, and the control signal output ends in the display controller then is connected with servo-driver input end in the array antenna drive system by signal wire.
Feed arrayed mode in the above-mentioned 16 passage multi-beam focal plane array array antennas is the big spacing linear array of the pattern that is staggered of 4 row * 4 row, to realize the Nyquist sampling.The big spacing linear array of the pattern that is staggered of described 4 row * 4 row, each adjacent feed level interval is that 11.25mm, vertical interval are 9mm.Described signal receiving processor be radio frequency full gain 45dB, bandwidth be 10GHz, wave detector tangent sensitivity Tss＜-16 channel signal receiving processors of the highly sensitive channel array of small sized wide-band in the total power radiometer type of 35dBm, wave detector dynamic range＞20dB.It is the dsp processor (production of ADI company) of TS201,600MHz crystal oscillator that described digital signal processor adopts model.It is the ARM9 chip of S3C2440a that control chip in the described display controller adopts model, and display then is TFT LCD touch-screen (Samsung's production); To realize that terminal image demonstration and the servo-driver in the array antenna drive system transmit control signal, control its operation.
The present invention is owing to adopt big spacing feed array and the corresponding 16 channel signal receiving processors and the 3mm frequency range imaging system of four alignment battle arrays of 16 passage multi-beam focal plane array array antennas, dislocation arrangement, to reduce system cost, to realize the Nyquist sampling, and increase substantially become the resolution of image, system cost can reduce about 40% than background technology; High speed digital signal processor carries out enhancement process to obtaining the millimeter-wave image signal and adopt independently, not only effectively improve processing speed and spatial resolution and also can improve 2～3 times, cooperate simultaneously, the picture signal after digital signal processor processes is shown and the operation and the signals collecting of 16 passage multiple-beam array antenna systems are controlled with display controller, realized that the continuous sampling continuous imaging shows, thereby increase substantially the instantaneity of obtaining full resolution pricture, by screen displaying and carry out control operation, intuitive and convenient more.Thereby it is low to have system's production cost, can adopt sampling, sampling means advanced person fully, effectively improved become the resolution of image and the processing speed of data-signal, realized that the continuous sampling continuous imaging shows, increased substantially characteristics such as the instantaneity of imaging and operation intuitive and convenient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the passive millimeter wave imaging system structured flowchart of Ukraine's 8mm wave band;
Fig. 2 is the passive millimeter wave imaging system structured flowchart of focal plane of the present invention linear array;
Fig. 3 is an embodiment of the present invention feed arrayed mode synoptic diagram; The figure orbicular spot is the center of feed array.
Embodiment
Antenna aperture 500mm in the present embodiment 16 passage multi-beam focal plane array array antennas, system centre frequency 89GHz, system bandwidth 10GHz, integral time 23.75ms; The field angle that system scan covers is 60 ° of (horizontal direction) * 7.2 ° (vertical direction), system does the last field that obtains image behind the one-dimensional scanning in the horizontal direction from left to right during work, antenna is bowed downwards 3.6 ° and is scanned the following field that obtains image more from right to left, get back to horizontal direction then and carry out next scan round, each feed is of a size of 10mm * 5mm, feed is spaced apart horizontal interval 11.25mm, perpendicular separation 9mm; Signal receiving processor adopt the radio frequency full gain be 45dB, bandwidth be 10GHz, wave detector tangent sensitivity Tss＜-16 channel signal receiving processors of the highly sensitive channel array of small sized wide-band in the total power radiometer type of 35dBm, wave detector dynamic range＞20dB; Mould/number conversion, ordering and storage of processor are identical with background technology, i.e. mould/number conversion, ordering and the storage of processor of being made up of modulus conversion chip and field programmable gate array (FPGA); The model that digital signal processor adopts ADI company to produce is TS201,600MHz crystal oscillator dsp processor, and original image signal after treatment, its spatial resolution can improve 2～3 times; It is the ARM9 chip of S3C2440a that control chip in the display controller adopts model, and display then adopts TFT LCD touch-screen (Samsung's production); To realize that terminal image demonstration and the servo-driver in the array antenna drive system transmit control signal, control its operation; Present embodiment servo-driver and corresponding driving motor employing level respectively and the relatively independent device of (facing upward) scanning operation two covers of bowing, the servo-driver model is respectively MADDT1205 and MADDT1207, and corresponding driving motor model is respectively that MSMD012P1 and MSMD022P1, power are respectively 100W and 200W, voltage is 220V.
During work: at first for the array antenna drive system scan mode is set through the SCI of display controller serial ports by touch-screen, and transmission enabled instruction, front end utilizes reference source acquisition channel correction data then, 16 passage multi-beam focal plane array array antennas are by the radiation brightness of the outside detection of a target of feed array received, mode is converted into voltage signal through the signal receiving processor that is provided with 16 passages with the radiation brightness signal by directly being of coupled connections, and finish and amplify and Filtering Processing, pass to mould/number conversion by SMA multiple twin shielding line again, ordering and storage of processor are converted into the digital signal row of channels of going forward side by side with simulating signal (voltage signal) and proofread and correct, again after ordering and stores processor, pass to digital signal processor by the HPI parallel port and carry out the signal enhancement process, pass display controller by the SPI oral instructions at last and compare the image demonstration, the array antenna drive system is then utilized the operation of GPIO signal controlling 16 channel array antennas.
Present embodiment utilize 3mm (89GHz) frequency range imaging system realized under different weather, to the real time imagery of typical target, system's Specifeca tion speeification is:
Bright temperature resolving power: 2K, bright temperature investigative range: 50K～400K, angular resolution: δ
θ=0.4 °, field range: 60 ° of (H) * 7.2 ° (V), imaging speed: frame/5 second.
Claims (6)
1. passive millimeter wave imaging system of focal plane linear array, comprise multi-beam focal plane array array antenna, cold, hot reference source, signal receiving processor, mould/number conversion, ordering and storage of processor, signal enhancement process and image display system, array antenna drives and control system, it is characterized in that multiple-beam array antenna and supporting with it signal recipient processor are respectively 16 passage multi-beam focal plane array array antennas and 16 channel signal receiving processors, signal enhancement process and image display system are then for containing digital signal processor, the split type signal enhancement process and the image display control system of display controller, the control module in array antenna driving and the control system then is located in the display controller, the array antenna drive system then comprises servo-driver and driving motor; 16 passage multi-beam focal plane array array antennas and cold, hot reference source all is fixed on the turntable, 16 channel signal receiving processors connect through each passage feed interface corresponding with multi-beam focal plane array array antenna respectively, and by data line and mould/number conversion, the input port of ordering and storage of processor connects, the input end of digital signal processor is by data line and mould/number conversion, the output terminal of ordering and storage of processor connects, output terminal then is connected with image display port in the display controller by data line, and the control signal output ends in the display controller then is connected with servo-driver input end in the array antenna drive system by signal wire.
2. by the passive millimeter wave imaging system of the described focal plane of claim 1 linear array, it is characterized in that the feed arrayed mode in the described 16 passage multi-beam focal plane array array antennas is the big spacing linear array of the pattern that is staggered of 4 row * 4 row.
3. by the passive millimeter wave imaging system of the described focal plane of claim 2 linear array, it is characterized in that each adjacent feed level interval is that 11.25mm, vertical interval are 9mm in described 4 capable * 4 big spacing linear arrays of the pattern that is staggered that are listed as.
4. by the passive millimeter wave imaging system of the described focal plane of claim 1 linear array, it is characterized in that described signal receiving processor be radio frequency full gain 45dB, bandwidth be 10GHz, wave detector tangent sensitivity Tss＜-16 channel signal receiving processors of the highly sensitive channel array of small sized wide-band in the total power radiometer type of 35dBm, wave detector dynamic range＞20dB.
5. by the passive millimeter wave imaging system of the described focal plane of claim 1 linear array, it is characterized in that it is the dsp processor of TS201,600MHz crystal oscillator that described digital signal processor adopts model.
6. by the passive millimeter wave imaging system of the described focal plane of claim 1 linear array, it is characterized in that the control chip employing model in the described display controller is the ARM9 chip of S3C2440a, display then is a TFT LCD touch-screen.
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| CN102540185A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Imaging method for millimeter waves imaging system with arc-scanning antenna array |
| CN102540186A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | System for imaging millimeter wave arc-scanned by array antenna |
| CN102565793A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-11 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Millimeter-wave imaging system for omni-directional scanning of single antenna array |
| CN103033522A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-04-10 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Method and system for detecting millimeter wave samples |
| CN103558773A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-05 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | Novel target location control system |
| CN104320568A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-01-28 | 武汉理工大学 | Microwave camera |
| CN104375419A (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2015-02-25 | 中国人民解放军63892部队 | Electronic countermeasures radio frequency artificial antenna array equipment and feed control method |
| US9869583B1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-01-16 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Image scanning on a sparsely populated focal plane array to achieve nyquist sampling |
| CN110109096A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-09 | 山东省科学院自动化研究所 | The dual station mm-wave imaging device and method of loss balancing |
| JP2019164114A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Radar device |
| CN110609330A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-24 | 北京理工大学 | Sparse array real-beam electric scanning rapid imaging system |
| CN114675268A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-28 | 江苏大学 | Millimeter wave terahertz near-field imaging device and imaging method |
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| CN102565793B (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-03 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Millimeter-wave imaging system for omni-directional scanning of single antenna array |
| CN102540186A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | System for imaging millimeter wave arc-scanned by array antenna |
| CN102565793A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-11 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Millimeter-wave imaging system for omni-directional scanning of single antenna array |
| CN102540185A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Imaging method for millimeter waves imaging system with arc-scanning antenna array |
| CN103033522B (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2015-09-16 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Millimeter wave sample detection methods and system |
| CN103033522A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2013-04-10 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Method and system for detecting millimeter wave samples |
| CN103558773A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-05 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | Novel target location control system |
| CN103558773B (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2016-06-08 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | A kind of target location control system |
| CN104375419A (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2015-02-25 | 中国人民解放军63892部队 | Electronic countermeasures radio frequency artificial antenna array equipment and feed control method |
| CN104320568A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-01-28 | 武汉理工大学 | Microwave camera |
| CN104320568B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-11-17 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of microwave camera |
| US9869583B1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2018-01-16 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Image scanning on a sparsely populated focal plane array to achieve nyquist sampling |
| JP2019164114A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Radar device |
| JP7266234B2 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2023-04-28 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | radar equipment |
| CN110109096A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-09 | 山东省科学院自动化研究所 | The dual station mm-wave imaging device and method of loss balancing |
| CN110109096B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2024-05-31 | 山东省科学院自动化研究所 | Loss-compensated dual-station millimeter wave imaging device and method |
| CN110609330A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-24 | 北京理工大学 | Sparse array real-beam electric scanning rapid imaging system |
| CN114675268A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-28 | 江苏大学 | Millimeter wave terahertz near-field imaging device and imaging method |
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Application publication date: 20110608 |