CN104515989A - Three-dimensional holographic imaging method and system for close-range millimeter waves - Google Patents
Three-dimensional holographic imaging method and system for close-range millimeter waves Download PDFInfo
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional holographic imaging method and system for close-range millimeter waves. The three-dimensional holographic imaging method comprises the following steps: sending continuous millimeter wave signals; measuring echo signals in a three-dimensional domain formed by using time, an angle of circumference and a Z-axis direction; carrying out Fourier transform on the maximized echo signal, and then utilizing a phase fixation method to realize conversion of the echo signals from a time domain to a frequency domain; carrying out motion compensation on the echo signals in the frequency domain by utilizing cylindrical Fourier transform and bilinear interpolation operation to obtain target scattering strength signals reconstructed under a rectangular coordinate system, and carrying out three-dimensional holographic imaging according to the reconstructed target scattering strength signals. According to the three-dimensional holographic imaging method and the three-dimensional holographic imaging system for the close-range millimeter waves disclosed by the invention, the echo signals are measured in the three-dimensional domain formed by the time, the angle of circumference and the Z-axis direction, the three-dimensional holographic imaging is carried out according to the reconstructed target scattering strength signals, and the motion compensation is not carried out in the continuous wave signal imaging process, so that better three-dimensional holographic imaging is realized for target objects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an imaging method and system, in particular to a close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method and system.
Background
The integration of frequency modulated continuous wave signals and different wavelength signal imaging technologies promotes the formation of a broadband, effective, low-consumption and high-quality imaging system, and particularly in the application of a safety detection system, the uninterrupted motion influence of the antenna array continuously transmitting and receiving the frequency modulated continuous wave signals can not be ignored any more, so that the conventional discontinuous method in the synthetic aperture imaging algorithm needs to be optimized and improved in the frequency modulated continuous wave imaging processing, and the conventional algorithms, such as a wave number domain algorithm, a frequency scaling algorithm, a range Doppler algorithm and the like, are all focused on the optimization of frequency modulated continuous wave aperture imaging data. The existing image imaging processing method focuses on the optimization of imaging data, and does not consider the influence of movement in the signal transmission process, so that the imaging effect of electromagnetic wave signal detection is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: a close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method and a close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system are constructed, and the technical problems that the influence of motion is not considered in the continuous wave signal imaging process and the imaging effect is poor in the prior art are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for three-dimensional holographic imaging by using the millimeter waves in the short distance comprises the following steps:
and (3) transmitting millimeter wave signals: transmitting continuous millimeter wave signals along the surface of an object to be imaged, wherein the continuous millimeter wave signals comprise continuous wave millimeter wave detection signals and continuous wave millimeter wave reference signals;
acquiring a sampling signal: measuring echo signals in a three-dimensional domain formed by time, a circumferential angle and a Z-axis direction;
signal conversion: maximizing the received echo signals by using the reference signals, performing Fourier transform on the maximized echo signals, and converting the time domain of the echo signals into the frequency domain by using a phase fixing method;
reconstructing an echo signal: and performing motion compensation on the frequency domain echo signal by utilizing cylindrical Fourier transform and bilinear interpolation operation to obtain a reconstructed target scattering intensity signal under a rectangular coordinate system, and performing three-dimensional holographic imaging according to the reconstructed target scattering intensity signal.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: and transmitting continuous millimeter wave signals around the surface of the object to be imaged.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: and transmitting continuous millimeter wave signals around opposite sides respectively.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the bilinear interpolation operation comprises the interpolation operation of non-uniform sampling and uniform sampling of echo signals in a three-dimensional space wave number domain.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: for non-uniform sampling in the spatial wavenumber domain, performing a difference operation in the spatial wavenumber domain that is excessive toward uniform sampling.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of constructing a short-distance millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system, wherein the short-distance millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system comprises a millimeter wave signal emission source, a signal sampling module for acquiring sampling signals, a signal conversion module for performing signal conversion, a reconstruction module for reconstructing echo signals and an imaging module, wherein the millimeter wave signal emission source emits continuous millimeter wave signals which comprise continuous wave millimeter wave detection signals and continuous wave millimeter wave reference signals, and the signal sampling module measures the echo signals in a three-dimensional domain formed by time, a circumferential angle and a Z-axis direction; the signal conversion module maximizes the received echo signal by using a reference signal, performs Fourier transform on the maximized echo signal, and realizes the conversion from the time domain to the frequency domain of the echo signal by using a phase fixing method; the reconstruction module performs motion compensation on the frequency domain echo signals by utilizing cylindrical Fourier transform and bilinear interpolation operation to obtain reconstructed target scattering intensity signals under a rectangular coordinate system, and the imaging module performs three-dimensional holographic imaging according to the reconstructed target scattering intensity signals.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the electromagnetic wave emission source is a plurality of, and a plurality of electromagnetic wave emission sources are arranged into an array.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: and the electromagnetic wave emission source transmits continuous wave radar signals around the surface of the object to be imaged.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the number of the electromagnetic wave emission sources is at least two, and the electromagnetic wave emission sources respectively transmit continuous wave radar signals in a surrounding mode in opposite directions.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the reconstruction module carries out interpolation operation of non-uniform sampling and uniform sampling on the echo signals in the three-dimensional space wave number domain.
The invention has the technical effects that: a method and a system for constructing a close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method comprise the following steps: transmitting continuous millimeter wave signals along the surface of an object to be imaged, wherein the continuous millimeter wave signals comprise continuous wave millimeter wave detection signals and continuous wave millimeter wave reference signals; measuring echo signals in a three-dimensional domain formed by time, a circumferential angle and a Z-axis direction; maximizing the received echo signals by using the reference signals, performing Fourier transform on the maximized echo signals, and converting the time domain of the echo signals into the frequency domain by using a phase fixing method; and performing motion compensation on the frequency domain echo signal by utilizing cylindrical Fourier transform and bilinear interpolation operation to obtain a reconstructed target scattering intensity signal under a rectangular coordinate system, and performing three-dimensional holographic imaging according to the reconstructed target scattering intensity signal. The invention relates to a close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method and a close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a model of an imaging system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the imaging system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention is: the method for three-dimensional holographic imaging by using the millimeter waves in the short distance comprises the following steps: defining the imaged object region as (X)0,Y0,Z0)＝(R0cosθ,R0sin θ, Z) cylinder, in which R0To require the radius of the imaged area, θ is the angle in the cylindrical coordinate system, θ ∈ [0,2 π ∈]The length of the antenna array, i.e. the synthetic aperture length along the Z-axis, is LZThe aperture center position Z ═ ZCOf the plane of (a). During imaging, the antenna array rotates around the imaged object or part of the imaged object to form a synthetic aperture in the circumferential theta direction. The sampling position is (R, theta, Z), and the arbitrary imaging position P of the objectnHas the coordinates of (x)n,yn,zn) Corresponding to a scattering intensity of σ (x)n,yn,zn)。
The millimeter wave signal emission source 1 emits continuous millimeter wave signals along the surface of an object to be imaged, and the continuous millimeter wave signals comprise continuous wave millimeter wave detection signals and continuous wave millimeter wave reference signals. In a specific embodiment, the object to be imaged is regarded as a column, and when the continuous millimeter wave signal is transmitted along the surface of the object to be imaged, the millimeter wave signal transmitting head can rotate around the object to be imaged for a circle, and the continuous millimeter wave signal is transmitted simultaneously in the surrounding process. The millimeter wave signal transmitting head can rotate around a certain radian as long as the millimeter wave signal transmitted by the millimeter wave signal transmitting head covers an object to be imaged.
The specific implementation process is as follows: transmitting a millimeter wave signal as p (t),wherein f is0Is the fundamental frequency, t is the time variable within a single signal emission period, K is the rate at which the frequency of the emitted signal is swept, let us assume that the emission time of the millimeter wave signal is τ and the reception time is τ + τdIn which τ isdIs a two-way delay time, the instantaneous distance between the antenna element and the target object ranges from R (τ) to R (τ + τ)d) In the meantime. The two-way delay time may be expressed as
Where, c is the speed of light,
wherein,
τ＝nTθ+mTzv+t＝τn+τm+t， (3)
n is the number of array elements, m is the number of samples along the elevation view direction, TθIs the signal transmission period in the azimuth domain along the arcuate array elements.
Acquiring a sampling signal: the signal sampling module 2 measures echo signals in a three-dimensional domain formed by time, a circumferential angle and a Z-axis direction. If the distance between the antenna array and the target is very short, (1) can be approximated as:
the radiation pattern of the millimeter waves is constant over the focused target area, and a single-point target object P is measured in the (t, theta, z) domainnThe echo signal of a point is
SR(t，θ，z)＝σ(xn,yn,zn)·p(t-τd) (5)
The signal conversion module 3 maximizes the received echo signal by using the reference signal, performs fourier transform on the maximized echo signal, and realizes the conversion from the time domain to the frequency domain of the echo signal by using a phase fixing method.
The specific implementation process is as follows: in a synthetic aperture system for dechirped reception, in order to reduce the sampling requirement and the data transmission rate, the received signal can be maximized by using a reference signal, which is assumed to have a delay time τiThe echo signal may then be represented as:
SF(t,θ,z)＝σ(xn,yn,zn)·exp[-j2πf0(τd-τi)]exp[-j2πK(τd-τi)(t-τi)] (6)
f＝K(t-τi) Substituting it into the formula (6) to obtain
SF(f,θ,z)＝σ(xn,yn,zn)exp[-j2πK(f+f0)(τd-τc)] (7)
Substituting the formula (3) into the formula (7) to obtain
Wherein <math>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
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<mi>cτ</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msub>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</math>
With spatial variable zm(zm＝vτm＝vmTy) Performing one-dimensional Fourier transform on the formula (8) to obtain
Estimating the formula (9) by a fixed phase method, taking an extreme value after partial derivation, and simultaneously combining the formula (8) and taking
When the detected object is large in volume, t ═ f/K +2R is definedi/c，
The signal model can be expressed as
Wherein, <math>
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<mi>J</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
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the reconstruction module 4 performs motion compensation on the frequency domain echo signal by utilizing cylindrical Fourier transform and bilinear interpolation operation to obtain a reconstructed target scattering intensity signal under a rectangular coordinate system, and the imaging module 5 performs three-dimensional holographic imaging according to the reconstructed target scattering intensity signal.
The method is derived based on Parseval theorem and by utilizing Fourier property derivation of a circular symmetric function:
can be derived
Wherein
For formula (14), kzz0Representing the original position of the array, kzvτnIndicating the phase change corresponding to the elevation range shift due to the motion of the nth antenna element,representing the spatially invariant values due to the motion of the array during one scan time,and 2krRiConstant change variables representing azimuth and distance.
For the non-uniform sampling in the space wave number domain, the difference operation of uniform sampling transition is required to be carried out in the space wave number domain, and the number of cylindrical samples isConverted into J (k) by an interpolation algorithmx,ky,kz) Wherein k isx＝kxy cosθ，ky＝kxysin θ, σ (x, y, z) and J (k)x,ky,kz) A Fourier transform pair is formed, and three-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is carried out to finally obtain the target scattering intensity of reconstruction in a rectangular coordinate system
σ(x，y，z)＝v∫∫∫J(kx，ky，kz)exp[j(kxx-kyy+kzz)]dkxdkydkz (15)
And obtaining a target scattering intensity signal reconstructed under a rectangular coordinate system, and performing three-dimensional holographic imaging by the imaging module 5 according to the reconstructed target scattering intensity signal.
The specific implementation mode of the invention is as follows: the method comprises the steps of constructing a short-distance millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system, wherein the short-distance millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system comprises a millimeter wave signal emission source 1, a signal sampling module 2 for acquiring sampling signals, a signal conversion module 3 for performing signal conversion, a reconstruction module 4 for reconstructing echo signals and an imaging module 5, the millimeter wave signal emission source 1 emits continuous millimeter wave signals, the continuous millimeter wave signals comprise continuous wave millimeter wave detection signals and continuous wave millimeter wave reference signals, and the signal sampling module 2 measures echo signals in a three-dimensional domain formed by time, a circumferential angle and a Z-axis direction; the signal conversion module 3 maximizes the received echo signal by using the reference signal, performs fourier transform on the maximized echo signal, and realizes the conversion from the time domain to the frequency domain of the echo signal by using a phase fixing method; the reconstruction module 4 performs motion compensation on the frequency domain echo signal by using cylindrical Fourier transform and bilinear interpolation operation to obtain a reconstructed target scattering intensity signal under a rectangular coordinate system, and the imaging module 5 performs three-dimensional holographic imaging according to the reconstructed target scattering intensity signal.
The invention has the technical effects that: a method and a system for constructing a close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method comprise the following steps: transmitting continuous millimeter wave signals, wherein the continuous millimeter wave signals comprise continuous wave millimeter wave detection signals and continuous wave millimeter wave reference signals; measuring echo signals in a three-dimensional domain formed by time, a circumferential angle and a Z-axis direction; maximizing the received echo signals by using the reference signals, performing Fourier transform on the maximized echo signals, and converting the time domain of the echo signals into the frequency domain by using a phase fixing method; and performing motion compensation on the frequency domain echo signal by utilizing cylindrical Fourier transform and bilinear interpolation operation to obtain a reconstructed target scattering intensity signal under a rectangular coordinate system, and performing three-dimensional holographic imaging according to the reconstructed target scattering intensity signal. The invention relates to a close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method and a close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method comprises the following steps:
and (3) transmitting millimeter wave signals: transmitting continuous millimeter wave signals along the surface of an object to be imaged, wherein the continuous millimeter wave signals comprise continuous wave millimeter wave detection signals and continuous wave millimeter wave reference signals;
acquiring a sampling signal: measuring echo signals in a three-dimensional domain formed by time, a circumferential angle and a Z-axis direction;
signal conversion: maximizing the received echo signals by using the reference signals, performing Fourier transform on the maximized echo signals, and converting the time domain of the echo signals into the frequency domain by using a phase fixing method;
reconstructing echo signals and imaging: and performing motion compensation on the frequency domain echo signal by utilizing cylindrical Fourier transform and bilinear interpolation operation to obtain a reconstructed target scattering intensity signal under a rectangular coordinate system, and performing three-dimensional holographic imaging according to the reconstructed target scattering intensity signal.
2. The close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method of claim 1, wherein continuous millimeter wave signals are transmitted around along the surface of the object to be imaged.
3. The close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein continuous millimeter wave signals are respectively transmitted around in opposite directions.
4. The close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the bilinear interpolation operation comprises an interpolation operation of non-uniform sampling and uniform sampling for echo signals in a three-dimensional space wavenumber domain.
5. The close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging method according to claim 4, wherein for the non-uniform sampling in the spatial wavenumber domain, further comprising performing a difference operation to the uniform sampling transition in the spatial wavenumber domain.
6. A close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system is characterized by comprising a millimeter wave signal emission source, a signal sampling module for acquiring sampling signals, a signal conversion module for performing signal conversion, a reconstruction module for reconstructing echo signals and an imaging module, wherein the millimeter wave signal emission source emits continuous millimeter wave signals along the surface of an object to be imaged, the continuous millimeter wave signals comprise continuous wave millimeter wave detection signals and continuous wave millimeter wave reference signals, and the signal sampling module measures echo signals in a three-dimensional domain formed by time, a circumferential angle and a Z-axis direction; the signal conversion module maximizes the received echo signal by using a reference signal, performs Fourier transform on the maximized echo signal, and realizes the conversion from the time domain to the frequency domain of the echo signal by using a phase fixing method; the reconstruction module performs motion compensation on the frequency domain echo signals by utilizing cylindrical Fourier transform and bilinear interpolation operation to obtain reconstructed target scattering intensity signals under a rectangular coordinate system, and the imaging module performs three-dimensional holographic imaging according to the reconstructed target scattering intensity signals.
7. The close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system according to claim 6, wherein the electromagnetic wave emission source is plural, and the plural electromagnetic wave emission sources are arranged in an array.
8. The close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system according to claim 6, wherein the electromagnetic wave emission source transmits a continuous wave radar signal around along the surface of the object to be imaged.
9. The close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system according to claim 6, wherein the number of the electromagnetic wave emission sources is at least two, and the electromagnetic wave emission sources respectively transmit continuous wave radar signals around in opposite directions.
10. The close-range millimeter wave three-dimensional holographic imaging system according to claim 6, further comprising the reconstruction module performing non-uniform sampling and uniform sampling interpolation operations on the echo signals in the three-dimensional space wavenumber domain.
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| CN112130167A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-12-25 | 北京中电科卫星导航系统有限公司 | Mobile millimeter wave human body security inspection system |
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| CN112764026A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-05-07 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Channel type close-range active millimeter wave motion compensation and three-dimensional imaging method and system |
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