CN109324309A - A kind of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment and its measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment and its measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109324309A CN109324309A CN201811052747.6A CN201811052747A CN109324309A CN 109324309 A CN109324309 A CN 109324309A CN 201811052747 A CN201811052747 A CN 201811052747A CN 109324309 A CN109324309 A CN 109324309A
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- angle
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- single antenna
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/58—Rotating or oscillating beam systems using continuous analysis of received signal for determining direction in the plane of rotation or oscillation or for determining deviation from a predetermined direction in such a plane
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment and its measurement methods, including the amplification of rotatable single antenna, radio frequency and conversion module, digital collection and processing module, angle estimation module and display and control module；Wherein radio frequency amplification and conversion module, digital collection and processing module, angle estimation module and display are sequentially connected with control module, rotatable single antenna, which is rotated to different angle, detects receipts echo signal, and transmit a signal to the amplification and frequency conversion of radio frequency amplification and conversion module completion signal, the analog signal of radio frequency amplification and conversion module output completes the sampling of signal by digital collection and processing module, detection, range parameter measurement, signal sorting and conjunction batch, data storage, angle estimation module completes angle estimation according to measuring amplitude, display issues control instruction and records processing result with control module.Method of the invention has the advantages that be easily achieved, only needs individual antenna, has important reference value to radio.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to direction finding fields, and in particular to a kind of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment and its measurement method.
Background technique
Angle estimation is the important content in the fields such as radar, scouting, navigation, according to the difference of observed quantity, common angle
Estimation method can substantially be divided into measuring angle by comparing amplitude, than phase angle measurement, time difference angle measurement, Estimation of Spatial Spectrum angle measurement etc..Wherein, it is surveyed than width
Angle is easy to accomplish since principle is simple, obtains more research and development.Measuring angle by comparing amplitude method utilizes mutiple antennas or wave beam
Receipts echo signal is detectd, obtains target angle estimation by comparing the relative size of signal amplitude.Such methods generally require antenna
Or the main lobe of wave beam is substantially aligned with target direction, is otherwise difficult to carry out angle measurement, thus only used the main lobe letter of directional diagram
Breath, and usually assume that antenna or beam main lobe can be approximated to be Gaussian function, this introduces model errors, therefore survey than width
Angle method is generally difficult to realize high precision angle-measuring.
Document (Xin Ming, in foreign improve direction finding precision a kind of method [J] electronic information countermeasure techniques, 2008,23
(2): 10-12. a kind of referred to as angle nABD (n amplitude-comparison bearing discriminator)) is proposed
Method constructs angle measurement formula by the weighting of multi-antenna signal amplitude, and (such as Xie Zhibin, Tan Guannan, Tian Yubo are a kind of for document
For improved nABD Direction Finding Algorithm [J] the aerospace journal of frequency reconfigurable ultra-wideband antenna, 2013,34 (2): 286-
292.) this multichannel measuring angle by comparing amplitude method is further studied, but does not provide detailed principle explanation and applicable item
Part.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment and its measurement methods, survey for single channel
Angle problem, it is only necessary to amplitude measurement is carried out using single rotable antenna, therefore system is simple, equipment amount is small, and algorithm is simple,
It is easily achieved, angle measurement accuracy is better than traditional measuring angle by comparing amplitude method, has certain theory and engineering application value.
The technical solution for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a kind of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment, including rotatable Dan Tian
Line, radio frequency amplification and conversion module, digital collection and processing module, angle estimation module and display and control module；Wherein penetrate
Frequency amplification and conversion module, digital collection and processing module, angle estimation module and display are sequentially connected with control module, can
Rotation single antenna, which is rotated to different angle, detects receipts echo signal, and transmits a signal to radio frequency amplification and conversion module completion letter
Number amplification and frequency conversion, the analog signal of radio frequency amplification and conversion module output completes to believe by digital collection and processing module
Number sampling, detection, range parameter measurement, signal sorting and close batch, data store, angle estimation module is according to measuring amplitude
Angle estimation is completed, display issues control instruction and record processing result with control module.
A kind of measurement method based on rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment, method and step are as follows:
Step 1 enables observation angle serial number n be 0, and receipts echo signal is detectd at arbitrary initial angle；
Step 2 will detect the echo signal feeding radio frequency amplification received and conversion module, digital collection and place in step 1
Reason module is handled, and detection, estimation amplitude, the sorting of echo signal are completed, and the amplitude of estimation is denoted as rn；
If step 3, n=N-1, N is selected total view angle degree, and N is not less than 20, is then estimated according to angle-measuring method
Angle；Otherwise n is enabled to add 1, rotation to another angleIt is transferred to step 2.
In step 3, angle-measuring method the following steps are included:
Step 3-1: the r that measurement is obtainednAccording toIt is weighted summation and obtains weighted value g1,L is model parameter, and j is imaginary symbols；
Step 3-2: estimation target angle For cmPhase angle, m is mode coefficient,cmFor directional diagram mode component coefficient, Im (), Re (), which are respectively indicated, to be taken real part and takes imaginary part,
tan-1() is arctan function.
The selection method of model parameter l, m are as follows: solve the equation comprising unknown parameter m, p, l, m=pN+1 makes in its solution
Only one meets cm≠0。
Method for solving are as follows: select the different directions any K and detect the collection of letters number, signal amplitude is denoted as F (θk) (k=
1 ..., K),
Then have
Wherein,A is direction chart-pattern
Component design factor matrix, cm=Re (cm)+jIm(cm)。
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage is:
(1) single receiving antenna and treatment channel are only needed, system is simple, and equipment amount is small；
(2) it only needs to carry out amplitude measurement, angle measurement can be parsed, algorithm is simple, it is easy to accomplish；
(3) angle measurement accuracy is better than traditional measuring angle by comparing amplitude method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present invention rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment structure chart.
Fig. 2 is present invention rotation single antenna angle measurement schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the present invention without fuzzy measurable angle range figure.
Fig. 4 is the relational graph of angle measurement accuracy of the present invention and SNR.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
1, single antenna angle-measuring equipment and angle measurement model are rotated
In conjunction with Fig. 1, a kind of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment, including rotatable single antenna, radio frequency amplification and conversion module,
Digital collection and processing module, angle estimation module and display and control module；Wherein radio frequency amplification and conversion module, number
Acquisition is sequentially connected with processing module, angle estimation module and display with control module.It is rotated using single rotatable single antenna
Detect receipts echo signal to different angle, and transmit a signal to radio frequency amplification and conversion module complete signal as shown in Fig. 2,
Receiving antenna, which is rotated around dot O and detectd with different angle, receives the echo signal from the direction TO, and antenna radiation pattern is denoted as
Wherein,- M≤m≤M, and cM≠ 0, c-M≠0。
N number of uniform observation point on rotation round is selected, then the gain of antenna is at each observation point
It is θ to angle0Target, it is assumed that reach Antenna aperture amplitude be s0(s0> 0), the signal that each observation point receives
For
Single channel angle measurement problem is i.e. according to rn(1≤n≤N) estimates angle, θ0。
2, the selection of weighting coefficient
It utilizes(l is integer, 0≤l≤N-1) is weighted the signal that each antenna receives and sums to obtain
To given l, according toIt can obtain
At this point, if meeting an only corresponding c in the m of m=pN+1mIt is not zero, is denoted asThen have
Can be seen that weighted sum from above-mentioned method for solving realizes cmSelection, if by antenna side shown in formula (1)
Signal waveform is regarded as to figure, then weighted sum can be regarded as to frequency spectrum spectral lineExtraction, i.e. frequency domain filtering.
For correct angle measurement, needs to meet only one in the solution of m=pN+1 and meet cm≠0.It then include two class situations, first is that only
One group of solution；Second is that there is multiple groups solution, but wherein there was only one group and meet cm≠0.It is available by-M≤m≤M
Then the value range of P is up to(expression is not less thanSmallest positive integral).There are two kinds of situations:
1) N is sufficiently big, and the value range of P is smaller at this time.Have as N > 2MThen there was only one group
Value isSo as to be realized by selected l and ranking operation to cmSelection；
2) N is insufficient big, and p may have multiple values at this time, and the disaggregation of m is If at least there are two solutions by N < M, p, it is desirable that corresponding cmOnly one
Non-zero.
3, single channel angle measuring algorithm
To acquire
Wherein,ForPhase angle, i.e.,Im (), Re (), which are respectively indicated, to be taken real part and takes
Imaginary part, tan-1() is arctan function.
4、Estimation
In order to estimate θ0, it is also necessary to know For the parameter of actual antennas, therefore can be obtained by the measuring and calculation of antenna
It arrives, the collection of letters number is detectd in selected K different directions, and signal amplitude is denoted as F (θk) (k=1 ..., K).According to formula (1) can abbreviation obtain
It arrives
Being write as vector form is
Wherein,
Then
Above formula gives cmThe estimation of (1≤m≤M), so as to
In addition it is also possible to combine known angle, θ according to (7)0It is tested, is directly obtained
5, Angle Measurement Performance Analysis
5.1 angle measurement fuzzy problems
According to formula (10) it is recognised that due to tan-1The real part of () function combination g, the positive negativity of imaginary part are available
The angular range of [- π, π], therefore be without fuzzy measurable angle rangeAngle measurement mould to occur more than this range
Paste, ambiguity period areIt can be seen that m0Smaller, without obscuring, measurable angle range is bigger, but angle measurement accuracy is also lower, nothing occurs
The contradiction of fuzzy measurable angle range and angle measurement accuracy.
It in practical applications, can be with lesser m in order to guarantee angle measurement accuracy and without fuzzy measurable angle range0Guarantee larger
Nothing obscure measurable angle range, select m under ideal conditions0=1, and higher angle measurement accuracy is guaranteed with biggish N.
5.2 theoretical evaluated error analyses
It can be obtained according to formula (7)
Wherein
Then
Then have
It considersThen
Similar, it is contemplated thatThen
Similar, it is contemplated thatThen
(18)-(20) are substituted into and are obtained
Abbreviation obtains
6, l-G simulation test
The invention discloses a kind of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment and its measurement methods, specific example are given below, more
Explain the present invention in detail, wherein embodiment one gives the obtaining value method of model parameter；Embodiment two shows to demonstrate we
The validity of method.
6.1 embodiments one: the obtaining value method of model parameter
According to the analysis of Section 3, there is different requirements to sufficiently big and insufficient big situation, the selection of model parameter:
1) N is sufficiently big, and the value range of p is smaller at this time.There was only one group of value as N > 2MTo pass through choosing
Determine l and ranking operation is realized to cmSelection；
2) N is insufficient big, and p may have multiple values at this time, if at least there are two solutions by N < M, p, it is desirable that corresponding cm
Only one non-zero.
For example, working asWhen, it is desirable thatOrOrOr
For another example working asWhen, it is desirable thatOrOrOrOrOrOr
6.2 embodiments two: angle-measuring method verifying
Simulation analysis, signal-to-noise ratio are carried out to angle measurement performance belowRange is -5~5dB.The feelings sufficiently big to N respectively
Shape carries out 500 Monte-Carlo emulation, counts angle error.Target angle is 12.3456 °, M=4, the c being randomly generatedm
For [1.417-1.63i, 1.409-0.717i, 1.489+1.207i, -0.124- 0.671i, 0.488, -0.124+0.671i,
1.489-1.207i, 1.409+0.717i, 1.417 1.63i], N 64.L=m at this time selects different l to can be realized to cm
Selection.Nothing when Fig. 3 gives different m obscures measurable angle range, obtains with theory analysisUnanimously.Fig. 4 gives angle measurement
The relationship of error and signal-to-noise ratio, it can be seen that angle error is inversely proportional with signal-to-noise ratio, different cmInfluence angle measurement accuracy.Herein
Under simulated conditions, when signal-to-noise ratio is better than 0dB, angle measurement accuracy is better than 1 °.
Big situation insufficient to N emulates, and target angle is 12.3456 °, M=4, N 6, according to 2.3 section examples
Value requirement, select l=2, it is desirable that c-4、c2In one and only one be zero.To enable c convenient for comparisonmFor [1.417-
1.63i, 1.409-0.717i, 0, -0.124-0.671i, 0.488, -0.124+0.671i, 0,1.409+0.717i, 1.417+
1.63i].Obtained angle error is emulated as shown in figure 4, since N becomes smaller, even if selecting same cm, angle error also greater than
Error in emulation 1 under the conditions of same signal-to-noise ratio.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment, it is characterised in that: including rotatable single antenna, radio frequency amplification and conversion module,
Digital collection and processing module, angle estimation module and display and control module；Wherein radio frequency amplification and conversion module, number are adopted
Collection is sequentially connected with processing module, angle estimation module and display with control module, and rotatable single antenna is rotated to different angle
Detect receipts echo signal, and transmit a signal to radio frequency amplification and conversion module complete signal amplification and frequency conversion, radio frequency amplification and
The analog signal of conversion module output completed by digital collection and processing module signal sampling, detection, range parameter measurement,
Signal sorting and conjunction batch, data store, and angle estimation module completes angle estimation according to measuring amplitude, under display and control module
Hair control instruction simultaneously records processing result.
2. a kind of measurement method based on rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: method and step
It is as follows:
Step 1 enables observation angle serial number n be 0, and receipts echo signal is detectd at arbitrary initial angle；
Step 2 will detect the echo signal feeding radio frequency amplification and conversion module, digital collection and processing module received in step 1
It is handled, completes detection, estimation amplitude, the sorting of echo signal, the amplitude of estimation is denoted as rn；
If step 3, n=N-1, N is selected total view angle degree, and N is not less than 20, then estimates angle according to angle-measuring method；
Otherwise n is enabled to add 1, rotation to another angleIt is transferred to step 2.
3. the measurement method of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in step 3, angle measurement
Method the following steps are included:
Step 3-1: the r that measurement is obtainednAccording toIt is weighted summation and obtains weighted value g1,L is
Model parameter, j are imaginary symbols；
Step 3-2: estimation target angle For cmPhase angle, m is mode coefficient,cmFor directional diagram mode component coefficient, Im (), Re (), which are respectively indicated, to be taken real part and takes imaginary part, tan-1() is arctan function.
4. the measurement method of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: model parameter l, m
Selection method are as follows: solve include unknown parameter m, p, l equation, m=pN+l makes only one in its solution meet cm≠0。
5. the measurement method of rotation single antenna angle-measuring equipment according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:Method for solving
Are as follows: it selectes any K different directions and detects the collection of letters number, signal amplitude is denoted as F (θk) (k=1 ..., K),
Then have
Wherein,A is directional diagram mode component meter
Calculate coefficient matrix, cm=Re (cm)+jIm(cm)。
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| CN111210665A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-29 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | Satellite-borne AIS time slot collision signal separation method based on single antenna |
| CN113050700A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-29 | 广东小天才科技有限公司 | Antenna direction finding method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113791392A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-12-14 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Deception method for omnidirectional amplitude comparison monopulse direction finding system based on frequency control array |
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