CN102552417B - 一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，它由以下重量份数的原料制成：冰片2~4、蟾衣1~2、麻黄6~10、甘草25~30、金银花15~20、连翘15~20、益母草25~30、穿心莲10~20、桔梗10~15。本发明的目的就在于臣净支呼预防治疗由支原体、衣原体、真菌性病原、寄生虫性病原、病毒性病原、细菌性病原以及一氧化碳、氨气等环境因素引起的禽呼吸道疾病综合症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药。
背景技术
禽呼吸道疾病在养禽生产中危害较大，临床表现流泪、流鼻涕、打喷嚏、喘气、啰音和呼吸困难；解剖发现绝大数病死禽有两种或两种以上的病变，以喉头和气管病变为主，常见气囊增厚、气囊炎、支气管肺炎、化脓性肺炎、多发性浆膜炎等禽呼吸道疾病综合症。引发禽呼吸道综合症的病原有：支原体、衣原体、真菌性病原、寄生虫性病原；病毒性病原（传染性喉气管炎、传染性支气管炎、禽流感、鸭瘟、小鹅瘟、新城疫等）；细菌性病原（传染性鼻炎、大肠杆菌病、巴氏杆菌病等）以及一氧化碳、氨气等环境因素引起。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药。
本发明的技术方案是：一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，它由以下重量份数的原料制成：冰片2~4、蟾衣1~2、麻黄6~10、甘草25~30、金银花15~20、连翘15~20、益母草25~30、穿心莲10~20、桔梗10~15。
用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，优选由以下重量份数的原料制成：冰片2~4、蟾衣1~2、麻黄8~10、甘草26~28、金银花16~18、连翘16~18、益母草26~28、穿心莲12~16、桔梗12~14。
用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，最优由以下重量份数的原料制成：冰片3、蟾衣1、麻黄9、甘草27、金银花17、连翘17、益母草27、穿心莲15、桔梗13。
用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，它还包括以下重量份数的辅料：杏仁15~20、黄芩10~15、石膏20~25、生姜10~15、射干20~25、鱼腥草25~30。
上述中药可以传统熬制，也可以按如下方法制备，它的步骤如下：
a、将各成分按重量称取，分别采用超微粉碎和细胞壁破壁技术，进行初步处理，超微粉是粉碎粒度95%达到粒径在5~10UM，所用机械冲击式粉碎机、气流式粉碎机、球磨式粉碎机；
b、将a步处理好的各成分分别进行水提取，首先浸泡1-2小时，用水量以浸没原材料为准，再用热回流提取5-8小时，之后进行过滤，取滤液浓缩至原浸出液的1/100，变成流浸膏状；
c、再次分别对水提取过的药渣再进行2次低温醇沉提取，首先在药渣里加入3-5倍体积比的80%乙醇进行低温醇沉12-24小时，然后再加入3-5倍体积比的95%乙醇进行低温醇沉12-24小时，过滤去残渣，滤液进行减压回收乙醇；
d、合并步骤b、c所制备出的两种提取液，用纯水稀释至处方量的1g/ml，加入防腐剂和抗氧化剂混匀后灭菌，4℃保存备用。
药物的用法及用量：
每100克兑水600kg自由饮用；或每100克拌料300kg连用3-5天。也可根据病情酌情增减或遵医嘱。
冰片辛苦，凉。入心、肺经。功用主治：通诸窍，散郁火，去翳明目，消肿止痛。蟾衣中所含蟾毒内酯、蟾毒素：其成分是可抑制和消灭癌肿细胞，能够阻止癌肿细胞复发，蟾毒内酯是蟾衣中独有的物质，是抑制病毒扩散的重要物质。麻黄辛、微苦，温。归肺、膀胱经。发汗散寒，宣肺平喘，利水消肿。甘草气微，味甜而特殊。功能主治清热解毒，祛痰止咳、脘腹。金银花自古被誉为清热解毒的良药。它性甘寒气芳香，甘寒清热而不伤胃，芳香透达又可祛邪。金银花既能宣散风热，还善清解血毒，用于各种热性病，如身热、发疹、发斑、热毒疮痈、咽喉肿痛等证，均效果显著。连翘是清热解毒的中药，主治热病初起，风热感冒，发热，心烦，咽喉肿痛，急性肾炎等。益母草味辛苦、凉。活血、祛淤、调经、消水。穿心莲有清热解毒、消炎、消肿止痛作用。主治细菌性痢疾、尿路感染、急性扁桃体炎、肠炎、咽喉炎、肺炎和流行性感冒等，外用可治疗疮疖肿毒、外伤感染等。桔梗功效:宣肺、祛痰、利咽、排脓、利五脏、补气血、补五劳、养气。主治:咳嗽痰多、咽喉肿痛、肺痈吐脓、胸满胁痛、痢疾腹痛、口舌生疮、目赤肿痛、小便癃闭。杏仁归经：肺；脾；大肠经。具有抗炎、镇痛作用。黄芩有清热燥湿，凉血安胎，解毒功效。主治温热病、上呼吸道感染、肺热咳嗽、湿热黄胆、肺炎、痢疾、咳血、目赤、胎动不安、高血压、痈肿疖疮等症。石膏有解热作用。生姜辛、微温，归肺脾胃经，发汗解表，温中止呕，温肺止咳，解鱼蟹毒，解药毒。射干为清热解毒中药，主治：治喉痹咽痛，咳逆上气，痰涎壅盛，瘰疬结核，疟母，妇女经闭，痈肿疮毒。鱼腥草性味：性微寒，味苦。归肺经、膀胱、大肠经。清热解毒；排脓消痈；利尿通淋。主治：肺痈吐脓；痰热喘咳；喉哦；热痢；痈肿疮毒；热淋。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的目的就在于臣净支呼预防治疗由支原体、衣原体、真菌性病原、寄生虫性病原、病毒性病原、细菌性病原以及一氧化碳、氨气等环境因素引起的禽呼吸道疾病综合症。采用控释和靶向技术，使药物能直接到达病灶部位，并延长有效时间，增强中草药的疗效。采用超微粉碎和细胞壁破壁技术，使药物的有效成分快速发挥，同时采用二氧化碳超低温临界单体萃取技术，使药物有效成分不被破坏且提取完全，保证有效成分充足，药效增加。保障产品的核心技术，保证产品的质量和疗效。采用先进的指纹图谱鉴定技术，保证所选中药材的质地为优等级。
保证本发明优点具体如下：
1、药效发挥迅速，副作用小，治疗时间短，使用方便。
本中草药经超微粉碎和细胞壁破壁技术、水提、醇沉后，所获得的流浸膏，直接饮水而不堵塞饮水器，据临床试验证明，自投药后24小时观察，鸡群采食量和精神有明显好转，48小时后死亡率有所下降，72小时后采食量和精神基本恢复正常，且解剖后内脏器官的病变发生率比对照组低75-90%。如下表：
| 观察项目 | 鸡只数 | 24小时采食量 | 48小时采食量 | 症状 |
| 实验组 | 2400 | 385斤 | 480斤 | 118只 |
| 对照组 | 2400 | 302斤 | 255斤 | 943只 |
症状表现为呼吸道综合征的内脏器官病变
2、发挥作用持续时间长，血药浓度高，药效持久。
经比较：正常中草药在消化系统停留2-6小时，而经该技术处理后，在禽类消化系统的有效时间为8-12小时，大大延长了肠道内的停留时间，吸收利用率显著增加，经比较，普通中药（40-60目）在肠道内随粪便排出后能检测到大量的中药原型，而本实验品在经粪便排出后，几乎检不出。同时MIC也明显不一，本实验品比普通中药高90%。
3、针对性强，治愈率高，保护率高。
投服本实验品和投服普通中药的肉鸡，经饲喂4天后，明显出现差异，如下表：
| 观察项目 | 鸡只数 | 精神和采食量 | 有呼吸道症状比率 | 继发感染大肠杆菌数 | 每天死亡数 | 淘汰只数 |
| 实验组 | 2400 | 正常 | 15-25% | 18只 | 5-8 | 108 |
| 对照组 | 2400 | 下降 | 80-95% | 93只 | 18-29 | 456 |
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，配方：冰片4kg、蟾衣2 kg、麻黄10 kg、甘草30 kg、金银花20 kg、连翘20 kg、益母草30kg、穿心莲20 kg、桔梗15 kg。
实施例2
一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，配方：冰片2kg、蟾衣1 kg、麻黄6 kg、甘草25 kg、金银花15 kg、连翘15 kg、益母草25kg、穿心莲10 kg、桔梗10 kg。
实施例3
一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，配方：冰片4 kg、蟾衣2 kg、麻黄10 kg、甘草28 kg、金银花18 kg、连翘18 kg、益母草28 kg、穿心莲16 kg、桔梗14 kg。
实施例4
一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，配方：冰片2 kg、蟾衣1 kg、麻黄8 kg、甘草26 kg、金银花16 kg、连翘16 kg、益母草26 kg、穿心莲12 kg、桔梗12 kg。
实施例5
一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，配方：冰片3 kg、蟾衣1 kg、麻黄9 kg、甘草27 kg、金银花17 kg、连翘17 kg、益母草27 kg、穿心莲15 kg、桔梗13 kg、杏仁20 kg、黄芩15 kg、石膏25 kg、生姜15 kg、射干25 kg、鱼腥草30 kg。
实施例6
一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，配方：冰片3 kg、蟾衣1 kg、麻黄9 kg、甘草27 kg、金银花17 kg、连翘17 kg、益母草27 kg、穿心莲15 kg、桔梗13 kg、杏仁15 kg、黄芩10 kg、石膏20 kg、生姜10 kg、射干20 kg、鱼腥草25 kg。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，其特征在于它由以下重量份数的原料制成：冰片2~4、蟾衣1~2、麻黄6~10、甘草25~30、金银花15~20、连翘15~20、益母草25~30、穿心莲10~20、桔梗10~15，它的制备方法如下：
a、将各成分按重量份称取，分别采用超微粉碎和细胞壁破壁技术，进行初步处理，超微粉是粉碎粒度95%达到粒径在5~10μm，所用设备为机械冲击式粉碎机、气流式粉碎机、球磨式粉碎机；
b、将a步处理好的各成分分别进行水提取，首先浸泡1-2小时，用水量以浸没原材料为准，再用热回流提取5-8小时，之后进行过滤，取滤液浓缩至原浸出液的1/100，变成流浸膏状；
c、再分别对水提取过的药渣再进行2次低温醇沉提取，首先在药渣里加入3-5倍体积比的80%乙醇进行低温醇沉12-24小时，然后再加入3-5倍体积比的95%乙醇进行低温醇沉12-24小时，过滤去残渣，滤液进行减压回收乙醇；
d、合并步骤b、c所制备出的两种提取液，用纯水稀释至处方量的1g/ml，加入防腐剂和抗氧化剂混匀后灭菌，4℃保存备用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，其特征在于它由以下重量份数的原料制成：冰片2~4、蟾衣1~2、麻黄8~10、甘草26~28、金银花16~18、连翘16~18、益母草26~28、穿心莲12~16、桔梗12~14。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，其特征在于它由以下重量份数的原料制成：冰片3、蟾衣1、麻黄9、甘草27、金银花17、连翘17、益母草27、穿心莲15、桔梗13。
4.一种用于禽呼吸道疾病的中药，其特征在于它由以下重量份数的原料制成：冰片3、蟾衣1、麻黄9、甘草27、金银花17、连翘17、益母草27、穿心莲15、桔梗13、杏仁15~20、黄芩10~15、石膏20~25、生姜10~15、射干20~25、鱼腥草25~30，它的制备方法如下：
a、将各成分按重量份称取，分别采用超微粉碎和细胞壁破壁技术，进行初步处理，超微粉是粉碎粒度95%达到粒径在5~10μm，所用设备为机械冲击式粉碎机、气流式粉碎机、球磨式粉碎机；
b、将a步处理好的各成分分别进行水提取，首先浸泡1-2小时，用水量以浸没原材料为准，再用热回流提取5-8小时，之后进行过滤，取滤液浓缩至原浸出液的1/100，变成流浸膏状；
c、再分别对水提取过的药渣再进行2次低温醇沉提取，首先在药渣里加入3-5倍体积比的80%乙醇进行低温醇沉12-24小时，然后再加入3-5倍体积比的95%乙醇进行低温醇沉12-24小时，过滤去残渣，滤液进行减压回收乙醇；
d、合并步骤b、c所制备出的两种提取液，用纯水稀释至处方量的1g/ml，加入防腐剂和抗氧化剂混匀后灭菌，4℃保存备用。
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