CN102545707B - Take generator unit as the generated power forecasting method and system of fundamental forecasting unit - Google Patents

Take generator unit as the generated power forecasting method and system of fundamental forecasting unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102545707B
CN102545707B CN201210007609.2A CN201210007609A CN102545707B CN 102545707 B CN102545707 B CN 102545707B CN 201210007609 A CN201210007609 A CN 201210007609A CN 102545707 B CN102545707 B CN 102545707B
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generator unit
power
forecasting
module
generated power
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CN102545707A (en
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苏适
米增强
王飞
刘友宽
李萍
梅华威
刘兴杰
翟伟翔
杜景琦
冯勇
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North China Electric Power University
Yunnan Electric Power Experimental Research Institute Group Co Ltd of Electric Power Research Institute
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North China Electric Power University
Yunnan Electric Power Experimental Research Institute Group Co Ltd of Electric Power Research Institute
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications

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Abstract

Take generator unit as the generated power forecasting method and system of fundamental forecasting unit, utilize sensor data acquisition equipment, gather the parameter at each generator unit place, using these parameters as input state variable; Read the output power value of each generator unit simultaneously, and it can be used as output state variable, set up corresponding linked database respectively for each generator unit; Linked database is utilized to obtain the generated power forecasting value of its correspondence; Again the power prediction value of normal work generator unit is added up, and then obtain the generated power forecasting value of whole photovoltaic plant.Beneficial effect of the present invention is, the generated power forecasting system provided, with generator unit corresponding to each inverter for fundamental forecasting unit, be applicable to by different installation and operation mode, comprise fixed installation, uniaxiality tracking, double-axis tracking, focus type etc., the generated power forecasting of the photovoltaic plant that generator unit mixing forms or is made up of single installation and operation mode generator unit.

Description

Take generator unit as the generated power forecasting method and system of fundamental forecasting unit
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of photovoltaic power generation, thering is provided a kind of take generator unit as the photovoltaic power station power generation power prediction system of fundamental forecasting unit, is applicable to the generated power forecasting being mixed the photovoltaic plant forming or be made up of single kind of mounting means generator unit by different installation generator unit.
Background technology
Parallel networking type photovoltaic power station has become the important application form of photovoltaic generation.Because large-scale grid connection type photovoltaic plant is not generally equipped with energy storage device, but start according to day-night cycle and close operation, when factors vary such as illumination, temperature, time, seasons, its power output can show violent fluctuation and intermittence.Along with increasing parallel networking type photovoltaic power station access electrical network, bring challenges to the power-balance of electric power system and safe and stable operation, increase the weight of the burden of dispatching of power netwoks.Because photovoltaic generation has fluctuation and intermittent feature, existing electrical network still can not meet the requirement of receiving large-scale photovoltaic generating, becomes the extensive fast-developing Main Bottleneck of restriction photovoltaic generation.Predicting power of photovoltaic plant technology is one of key technology solving this difficult problem.
The generated output of photovoltaic array is not only relevant with intensity of solar radiation, and it is relevant with the incident angle of sunlight, when light is perpendicular to photovoltaic array plane, the solar radiation quantity that photovoltaic array receives is maximum, therefore, the installation and operation mode of photovoltaic array is to photoelectric conversion efficiency important.The installation and operation mode of photovoltaic array is generally divided into fixed installation, uniaxiality tracking and double-axis tracking three major types altogether.Fixed installation refers to that photovoltaic array is fixed on supporting structure, and not mobile with the change of position of sun, this mounting means is the simplest, but photoelectric conversion efficiency is relatively low.In order to improve conversion efficiency, the installation and operation mode from motion tracking can be adopted, making it keep vertical with sunlight to the full extent by the angle of automatic tracking system adjustment photovoltaic array plane.Common at present have two large class totally 3 kinds from motion tracking installation and operation mode: uniaxiality tracking (horizontal uniaxiality tracking, the oblique uniaxiality tracking of the angle of latitude that inclines) and double-axis tracking.Horizontal uniaxiality tracking and inclined single-shaft are followed the tracks of only has a rotary freedom, and double-axis tracking has two rotary freedoms.
Photovoltaic plant is generally made up of the generator unit that a series of inverter is corresponding, and the generated output in whole power station is converged by the power stage of each generator unit to form.Photovoltaic plant can be made up of multiple generator units of mounting means not of the same race or single kind of mounting means, and the power producing characteristics of different installation generator unit is different.In order to realize the Accurate Prediction of photovoltaic power station power generation power, the invention provides a kind of take generator unit as photovoltaic power station power generation power forecasting method and the system of fundamental forecasting unit.
Summary of the invention
It take generator unit as photovoltaic power station power generation power forecasting method and the system of fundamental forecasting unit that main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of; be applicable to the generated power forecasting being mixed the photovoltaic plant forming or be made up of single installation and operation mode generator unit by different installation and operation mode generator unit; meet the demand of dispatching management of electric power system department and photovoltaic generation enterprise, for large-scale photovoltaic generating access electrical network provides technical support.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to implement.
Take generator unit as the generated power forecasting method of fundamental forecasting unit, the feature of the method is, the unit using the generator unit of the basic composition unit of photovoltaic plant-single as fundamental forecasting, first the power output of each generator unit is predicted, then the predicted value of all normal work generator unit power outputs is added up, and then obtain the generated power forecasting value of whole photovoltaic plant; Gather and comprise from the data that photovoltaic power station monitoring system reads solar irradiance, ambient temperature, assembly temperature, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, the humidity of each generator unit.
Take generator unit as the generated power forecasting system of fundamental forecasting unit, the feature of this system is, the hardware platform of prognoses system is connected to linked database-generated power forecasting server by generator unit data acquisition equipment by transfer of data, linked database-generated power forecasting server again respectively with generator unit linked database, photovoltaic power station monitoring system database server and data statistic analysis model calling, generator unit linked database again with the generator unit power output prediction module that normally works, each generator unit power output predicted value accumulator module, photovoltaic power station power generation power prediction object module, EMS data interface module, network safety prevention equipment, information in power dispatching center communication network, dispatching of power netwoks EMS sequentially connects, data statistic analysis module respectively with statistical indicator module, error calculating module, graphics table module, sifting sort model calling, statistical indicator module, error calculating module, graphics table module, sifting sort module jointly connect client computer/Web/ and show printing, normal work generator unit power output prediction module is also sequentially connected with numerical weather forecast and receives and processing module, network safety prevention fire compartment wall, information in power dispatching center communication network or the Internet, numerical weather forecast, meanwhile, normal work generator unit power output prediction module is also connected with linked database input state variable prediction information module.
Basic functional principle of the present invention utilizes to gather at the field erected transducer of photovoltaic plant the meteorologic parameter that each generator unit comprises solar irradiance, ambient temperature, assembly temperature, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, humidity etc., to read in photovoltaic power station monitoring system data server the electric parameters such as each generator unit power output, utilize " method for predicting generation power of interconnected photovoltaic power station " (patent of invention publication number: CN101728984A), set up the associated data library model of each generator unit input state variable-power output.Utilize ever-increasing actual operating data, carry out supplementing correction in real time and upgrading to the linked database of each generator unit by automatic measure on line, thus enable associated data library model remember various different running status and follow the change of generator unit characteristic.This linked database is the Mathematical Modeling of relationship map between each generator unit input state variable and power output, reflect the rule of generator unit power output with input state variable change, model just can be determined the size of its power output by the numerical value of generator unit input state variable accordingly.The power producing characteristics of different installation and operation mode generator unit is different, the associated data library model set up for each generator unit respectively reflects the power producing characteristics of different installation and operation mode generator unit, and can take into account the impact of the many factors such as sand and dust covering, anomalous weather, characteristic of photovoltaic array decay.After obtaining the information of forecasting (the professional numerical weather forecast information provided by Meteorological Services mechanism is provided) of input state variable, utilize data mining technology can map the power output predicted value obtaining each generator unit in linked database, and then the power output predicted value of all normal work generator units is added up, the generated power forecasting value of whole photovoltaic plant can be obtained.
Workflow of the present invention comprises Data acquisition and transmit, linked database foundation, numerical weather forecast reception, generated power forecasting, the issue of data statistic analysis and information of forecasting and transmission.
First, the image data of each generator unit sends into linked database-generated power forecasting server after data processing module process, sets up the linked database that each generator unit is corresponding respectively.The corresponding linked database of each generator unit in photovoltaic plant, this linked database is the mapping model of relation between corresponding generator unit input state variable and power output.Linked database constantly upgrades along with the increase of real-time running data, supplement, concrete grammar refers to " method for predicting generation power of interconnected photovoltaic power station " (patent of invention publication number: CN101728984A).
Second, generated power forecasting module is according to the weather forecast information (comprising the professional numerical weather forecast information provided by Meteorological Services mechanism) of the information of forecasting of generator unit input state variable or reception, adopt data mining technology, the linked database that access is corresponding, obtain the power output predicted value of this generator unit, then the cumulative generated power forecasting value obtaining whole photovoltaic plant is carried out to all normal work generator unit power output predicted values.
Numerical weather forecast refers to according to air actual conditions, under certain initial value and boundary value condition, make numerical computations by mainframe computer, solve the fluid mechanics and thermodynamic (al) equation group of describing weather modification process, the following certain air motion state of period of prediction and the method for weather phenomenon.Numerical weather forecast is provided by specialized meteorological services mechanism, mainly provide the weather information such as solar radiation irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, cloud amount, weather pattern of photovoltaic plant site, its forecast data is issued transmission means and is included but not limited to: information in power dispatching center communication network or the Internet etc.
3rd, the reception process of the memory access service of all generator unit linked databases of linked database-generated power forecasting network in charge, the prediction of input state variable, Weather Forecast Information and generated power forecasting, client computer can accessing database, and can the variation tendency of relevant parameters and rule in the form display intuitively such as form, figure, curve database.
Hardware platform composition of the present invention comprises data acquisition equipment, linked database-generated power forecasting server, switch, workstation computer, network etc., network is adopted to be connected with exchange manner between each part, realize the transfer of data of internal system, mutually intercommunication and information sharing, between prognoses system and dispatching of power netwoks EMS, be equiped with such as the network safety prevention equipment that the oppositely scheduling institution such as safety insulating device, IP authenticated encryption device requires.
Software program of the present invention comprises following functions module:
(1) associated data library module
The foundation of each generator unit linked database of primary responsibility, renewal, correction, and the service such as the storage of database, access.
(2) generated power forecasting module
The prediction of primary responsibility linked database input state variable, the prediction of each generator unit and photovoltaic plant power output.
The time scale of generated power forecasting comprises ultra-short term (0-4 hour) and short-term (24-hour).
The computing time of generator unit and photovoltaic power station power generation power prediction is less than 5 minutes, within every 15 minutes, provide once the ultra-short term generated power forecasting curve of following 0-4 hour, every 12 hours or 24 hours (or requiring according to scheduling institution) provides the short-term power generation power prediction curve of once following 24 hours.
(3) numerical weather forecast processing module
Be responsible for reception and the process of weather forecast information (the professional numerical weather forecast information provided by Meteorological Services mechanism is provided).Numerical weather forecast of the present invention is provided by specialized meteorological services mechanism, numerical weather forecast processing module is realized by numerical weather forecast process computer and corresponding software program, this module receives by modes such as the Internet or information in power dispatching center communication networks the numerical weather forecast data that specialized meteorological services mechanism provides, and carry out the preliminary treatment of data and record the functions such as storage, the numerical weather forecast data after process are connected to generated power forecasting module as the optional input of forecast model.
(4) data statistic analysis module
Be responsible for the statistical analysis of reading data in image data and photovoltaic power station monitoring system data server:
1., when data source meets the demands, the time range participating in statistics can set arbitrarily;
2. the index such as maximum, mean value, aggregate-value, variance, standard deviation, maximum rate of change of all parameters of statistical computation;
3. the statistics of photovoltaic plant service data comprises effective generating dutation, maximum power numerical value and corresponding time, capacity utilization, utilizes hourage, and the statistics of generator unit image data comprises solar irradiance distribution, wind speed and direction distribution, Temperature Distribution;
4. figure and the form such as curve, form, tendency chart, histogram, pie chart, distribution map of specified format is automatically generated.
5. to the statistics of generated output actual value and predicted value error, comprising: root-mean-square error, mean absolute error, average deviation error, coefficient correlation etc., the time interval of error statistics can independently be arranged.
(5) EMS data interface module
The communication interface of primary responsibility prognoses system and dispatching of power netwoks EMS and exchanges data.EMS data interface module is made up of network safety prevention equipment and interface software program, by network safety prevention equipment, generated power forecasting system is connected with power system dispatching communication data net, thus realizes the connection with EMS data platform.According to the requirement that electric power secondary system security protection specifies, be provided with special safety insulating device in systems in which, the safe and reliable transmission of data between different place of safety can be ensured.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, the generated power forecasting system provided, with generator unit corresponding to each inverter for fundamental forecasting unit, be applicable to the generated power forecasting being mixed the photovoltaic plant forming or be made up of single installation and operation mode generator unit by different installation and operation mode (comprising fixed installation, uniaxiality tracking, double-axis tracking, focus type etc.) generator unit.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is workflow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Take generator unit as the generated power forecasting method of fundamental forecasting unit, the feature of the method is, the unit using the generator unit of the basic composition unit of photovoltaic plant-single as fundamental forecasting, first the power output of each generator unit is predicted, then the predicted value of all normal work generator unit power outputs is added up, and then obtain the generated power forecasting value of whole photovoltaic plant; Gather and comprise from the data that photovoltaic power station monitoring system reads solar irradiance, ambient temperature, assembly temperature, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, the humidity of each generator unit.
Take generator unit as the generated power forecasting system of fundamental forecasting unit, the feature of this system is, the hardware platform of prognoses system is connected to linked database-generated power forecasting server by generator unit data acquisition equipment by transfer of data, linked database-generated power forecasting server again respectively with generator unit linked database, photovoltaic power station monitoring system database server and data statistic analysis model calling, generator unit linked database again with the generator unit power output prediction module that normally works, each generator unit power output predicted value accumulator module, photovoltaic power station power generation power prediction object module, EMS data interface module, network safety prevention equipment, information in power dispatching center communication network, dispatching of power netwoks EMS sequentially connects, data statistic analysis module respectively with statistical indicator module, error calculating module, graphics table module, sifting sort model calling, statistical indicator module, error calculating module, graphics table module, sifting sort module jointly connect client computer/Web/ and show printing, normal work generator unit power output prediction module is also sequentially connected with numerical weather forecast and receives and processing module, network safety prevention fire compartment wall, information in power dispatching center communication network or the Internet, numerical weather forecast, meanwhile, normal work generator unit power output prediction module is also connected with linked database input state variable prediction information module.
Technology Ways of the present invention is divided into four basic links:
(1) collection of generator unit service data and transmission
The data (comprising the parameters such as solar irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed) that in photovoltaic plant, the various transducer in all generator unit places gathers transfer to photovoltaic plant Control Room, linked database-generated power forecasting server is sent into, for setting up the linked database of each generator unit together with the power output data of each generator unit read from photovoltaic power station monitoring system database server.
(2) foundation of generator unit linked database
For generator units all in photovoltaic plant, actual operating data is utilized to set up input state variable-power output linked database corresponding to each generator unit respectively, linked database has automatic measure on line function, can reflect the power producing characteristics of different installation and operation mode generator unit in real time.The method for building up of linked database refers to " method for predicting generation power of interconnected photovoltaic power station " (patent of invention publication number: CN101728984A).
(3) photovoltaic power station power generation power prediction
Generated power forecasting module, according to each information of forecasting of generator unit linked database input state variable or the weather forecast information of reception, utilizes data mining technology, the linked database that access is corresponding, obtains the generated power forecasting value of corresponding generator unit.Utilize said method to obtain the generated power forecasting value of all normal work generator units of photovoltaic plant, these predicted values add up according to (1) formula can obtain the generated power forecasting value of whole photovoltaic plant.
P V = Σ i = 1 N P Vi - - - ( 1 )
P vfor the generated power forecasting value of photovoltaic plant;
P viit is the generated power forecasting value of i-th generator unit;
I=1,2 ..., N is the generator unit number of work normal in photovoltaic plant.
Generated power forecasting comprises ultra-short term prediction (0-4 hour) and short-term forecast (in 24 hours) in time scale.
(4) transfer of data of generated power forecasting system
Generated power forecasting system receives by modes such as information in power dispatching center communication network or the Internets the numerical weather forecast information that specialized meteorological services mechanism provides, and photovoltaic power station power generation power prediction result is sent to grid dispatching management mechanism and EMS.
The generator unit quantity that the photovoltaic power station power generation power prediction system that the present invention proposes can be held is no less than 255, and dilatation number is unrestricted.

Claims (1)

1. be the Forecasting Methodology of the generated power forecasting system of fundamental forecasting unit with generator unit, its prognoses system is, the hardware platform of prognoses system is connected to linked database-generated power forecasting server by generator unit data acquisition equipment by transfer of data, linked database-generated power forecasting server again respectively with generator unit linked database, photovoltaic power station monitoring system database server and data statistic analysis model calling, generator unit linked database again with the generator unit power output prediction module that normally works, each generator unit power output predicted value accumulator module, photovoltaic power station power generation power prediction object module, EMS data interface module, network safety prevention equipment, information in power dispatching center communication network, dispatching of power netwoks EMS sequentially connects, data statistic analysis module respectively with statistical indicator module, error calculating module, graphics table module, sifting sort model calling, statistical indicator module, error calculating module, graphics table module, sifting sort module jointly connect client computer/Web/ and show printing, normal work generator unit power output prediction module is also sequentially connected with numerical weather forecast and receives and processing module, network safety prevention fire compartment wall, information in power dispatching center communication network or the Internet, numerical weather forecast, meanwhile, normal work generator unit power output prediction module is also connected with linked database input state variable prediction information module, it is characterized in that,
With the basic composition unit of photovoltaic plant, namely single generator unit is as fundamental forecasting unit, first predict the power output of each generator unit, then the predicted value of all normal work generator unit power outputs is added up, and then obtain the generated power forecasting value of whole photovoltaic plant; Gather and comprise from the data that photovoltaic power station monitoring system reads solar irradiance, ambient temperature, assembly temperature, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, the humidity of each generator unit;
Specifically be divided into four basic links:
(1) collection of generator unit service data and transmission
The data that in photovoltaic plant, the various transducer in all generator unit places gathers, comprise solar irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed, transfer to photovoltaic plant Control Room, linked database-generated power forecasting server is sent into, for setting up the linked database of each generator unit together with the power output data of each generator unit read from photovoltaic power station monitoring system database server;
(2) foundation of generator unit linked database
For generator units all in photovoltaic plant, actual operating data is utilized to set up input state variable-power output linked database corresponding to each generator unit respectively, linked database has automatic measure on line function, can reflect the power producing characteristics of different installation and operation mode generator unit in real time;
(3) photovoltaic power station power generation power prediction
Generated power forecasting module, according to each information of forecasting of generator unit linked database input state variable or the weather forecast information of reception, utilizes data mining technology, the linked database that access is corresponding, obtains the generated power forecasting value of corresponding generator unit; Utilize said method to obtain the generated power forecasting value of all normal work generator units of photovoltaic plant, these predicted values add up according to (1) formula can obtain the generated power forecasting value of whole photovoltaic plant;
Generated power forecasting comprises ultra-short term prediction in time scale: 0-4 hour and short-term forecast: in 24 hours;
(4) transfer of data of generated power forecasting system
The numerical weather forecast information that generated power forecasting system is provided by information in power dispatching center communication network or the Internet reception specialized meteorological services mechanism, and photovoltaic power station power generation power prediction result is sent to grid dispatching management mechanism and EMS.
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