CN104091435A - Photovoltaic device and master station data communicating method and photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Photovoltaic device and master station data communicating method and photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a photovoltaic device and master station data communicating method and a photovoltaic power generation system. The photovoltaic power generation system includes photovoltaic devices and a master station. Each photovoltaic device includes a power generation module and a data acquisition unit, wherein the data acquisition unit includes a micro-meteorological data acquisition unit for acquiring micro-meteorological information. The photovoltaic device and master station data communicating method comprises that the master station is enabled to receive micro-meteorological data coming from the photovoltaic devices through the meteorological data acquisition units, and the power generating ability of the photovoltaic devices is estimated according to the micro-meteorological data of the photovoltaic devices. The micro-meteorological data of the photovoltaic devices is acquired and provided for the master station, and the master station is enabled to prejudge the power generating ability of the photovoltaic devices through the micro-meteorological data, estimates the generated energy of a future period, provides a reliable reference basis for power flow control of a main net, and improves the operation efficiency and economy of power stations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to data transmission system and this intrasystem data transmission method, particularly relate to the data transmission system in photovoltaic generating system, and this intrasystem data communications method.
Background technology
Present stage China's photovoltaic generation industry development is swift and violent, and installed capacity amplification is rapid.In the control of photovoltaic generating system actual motion, the integrality of photovoltaic apparatus operation information collection has determined the benefit of photovoltaic generating system operation to a great extent.Photovoltaic generating system is carried out scheduling controlling by main website Information Monitoring and according to the information gathering to each photovoltaic apparatus.The communications protocol of prior art information acquisition is generally based on inverter, and the information gathering, as standard machinery electricity generation system, only gathers the electric parameter of photovoltaic generating system, as voltage, electric current, active power, reactive power etc.
For photovoltaic generating system, the electric parameter of above-mentioned collection only can be monitored the real time execution situation of the photovoltaic apparatus of system generating.But can not carry out anticipation to the generating capacity of photovoltaic apparatus.Different from traditional mechanical electricity generation system is, the output power of photovoltaic generating system has the feature of random fluctuation, photovoltaic apparatus can change because of the generating capacity that causes of meteorological changing factor, and under some meteorological conditions, for example change in weather, meteorologic factor can cause the generating capacity generation larger fluctuation of photovoltaic apparatus.The main electrical network that this fluctuation is incorporated to for photovoltaic generating system is unacceptable, brings problems will to main operation of power networks stability, increases the scheduling difficulty of main electrical network; It is unfavorable that the simultaneously fluctuation of this generating capacity of photovoltaic apparatus is also sent out the safe operation of system to photovoltaic, and the most obvious rough sledding is that unsettled photovoltaic generating system access will bring very big difficulty to the trend control of main electrical network.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art part and propose a kind of can the photovoltaic apparatus of budget photovoltaic generating system generating capacity and the method for main website data communication, and realize the method photovoltaic generating system.
The present invention solve the technical problem can be by realizing by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of photovoltaic apparatus and main website data communication is proposed, based on photovoltaic generating system.Described method is that each photovoltaic apparatus is configured for the microclimate data acquisition unit that gathers microclimate information; Make main website can receive the microclimate data from each photovoltaic apparatus, and according to the generating capacity of this photovoltaic apparatus of microclimate data budget of photovoltaic apparatus.The data communication of described main website and each photovoltaic apparatus comprises following steps,
A. main website sends read requests data to each photovoltaic apparatus respectively by the period of setting;
B. photovoltaic apparatus is receiving after read requests data, and the feedback data that will ask according to read requests data, passes main website request msg back to main website.
Further, in the data communication process of main website and each photovoltaic apparatus, the not mutual transmission data in the permission idle period of setting when main website and photovoltaic apparatus, the data communication of main website and photovoltaic apparatus comprises following steps,
C. main website sends inquiry heartbeat data packets to photovoltaic apparatus;
D. when receiving the feedback heartbeat data packets of passing back of photovoltaic apparatus in the heartbeat period that main website is setting, confirm that main website communicates by letter with photovoltaic apparatus normally; Otherwise confirm main website and photovoltaic apparatus communication disruption.
More specifically, in the data communication process of main website and each photovoltaic apparatus, main website by set school time the time periodically send broadcast data when school to each photovoltaic apparatus.
For data transmission, in the data communication of main website and each photovoltaic apparatus, data are all packaged into data transmission frames, and this data transmission frames comprises frame head, control code frame, length frame, Frame, verification frame and postamble.
Described frame head comprises four groups of byte groups, and every group of byte group comprises the first continuous byte and the second byte, and described the second byte is the radix-minus-one complement of the first byte.
The present invention solve the technical problem can be by realizing by the following technical solutions:
Design, manufacture a kind of photovoltaic generating system, comprise at least one photovoltaic apparatus, and be electrically connected the main website of each photovoltaic apparatus; Described photovoltaic apparatus comprises that for completing light energy conversion be electric energy the electricity generation module of exporting electric energy, and at least one data acquisition unit, is electrically connected the data acquisition module of this data acquisition unit, and is electrically connected the communication module of described data acquisition module; Each photovoltaic apparatus is electrically connected described main website by communication module; Described data acquisition unit is by being converted to the information of collection the sensor of electric signal or the transducer collection data for electricity generation module; This data acquisition unit comprises the electric data acquisition unit for gathering electric parameter, and for gathering the microclimate data acquisition unit of microclimate information.
Particularly, described microclimate data acquisition unit comprises the intensity of illumination data acquisition unit for detecting intensity of illumination, for the lighting angle data acquisition unit of detected light irradiation angle, for detecting the air speed data collecting unit of real-time wind speed, for detecting the wind direction data acquisition unit of real-time wind direction, for detecting the temperature record collecting unit of temperature, for detecting the humidity data collecting unit of relative humidity, for gathering the quantity of precipitation data acquisition unit of quantity of precipitation, for gathering the dewpoint temperature data acquisition unit of dewpoint temperature, for gathering the Geothermal data collecting unit of ground temperature, for gathering the barometric information collecting unit of pressure information, and for gathering the radiation data collecting unit of radiation information.
Particularly, described electricity generation module comprises at least one photovoltaic cells that is electric energy by light energy conversion, for the accumulator of storage of electrical energy, and for completing the power governor of electric energy conversion; Described power governor is electrically connected described photovoltaic cells and accumulator.
In addition, described electricity generation module also comprises the alternating current-direct current electric loading that is electrically connected described power governor.
Normal conditions, described electric data acquisition unit comprises the voltage data collecting unit for gathering AC voltage parameter, for gathering the current data collecting unit of alternating current parameter, for gathering the meritorious data acquisition unit of active power, for gathering the idle data acquisition unit of reactive power, for gathering the power factor data acquisition unit of power factor, and for gathering the frequency data collecting unit of ac frequency.
Compared with the existing technology, the present invention's " method of photovoltaic apparatus and main website data communication and photovoltaic generating system " technique effect is:
1. the present invention is by the microclimate data acquisition of photovoltaic apparatus and offer main website, make main website carry out anticipation to the generating capacity of photovoltaic apparatus by these microclimate data, estimate out the generated energy of following period, for the trend control of major network provides reliable reference frame, improve power station operational efficiency and economy;
2. the present invention is in the communication process of main website and photovoltaic apparatus, by heartbeat packet data interaction, feeds back in time each photovoltaic apparatus and signal intelligence main website, guarantees communication stability;
3. the frame head of the present invention in data transmission frames, has increased data communication reliability by the frame structure of radix-minus-one complement verification.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the system of the photovoltaic generating system of " method of photovoltaic apparatus and main website data communication and photovoltaic generating system " preferred embodiment forms schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of preferred embodiment of the present invention photovoltaic apparatus 2 and main website 1 data communication;
Fig. 3 is the frame structure schematic diagram of preferred embodiment of the present invention data transmission frames Z;
Fig. 4 is that preferred embodiment of the present invention read requests data D1 is just using the frame structure schematic diagram of the data transmission frames Z as claim frame;
The request msg D2 of Tu5Shi preferred embodiment of the present invention main website is just using the frame structure schematic diagram of the data transmission frames Z as claim frame.
Embodiment
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment.
The present invention proposes a kind of photovoltaic generating system, as shown in Figure 1, comprises at least one photovoltaic apparatus 2, and is electrically connected the main website 1 of each photovoltaic apparatus 2.The present invention is electrically connected main website 1 as example taking a set of photovoltaic apparatus 2, and in actual motion, obviously can have many cover photovoltaic apparatus 2 to be electrically connected main website 1.Described photovoltaic apparatus 2 comprises that for completing light energy conversion be electric energy the electricity generation module 24 of exporting electric energy, at least one data acquisition unit 21, be electrically connected the data acquisition module 22 of this data acquisition unit 21, and be electrically connected the communication module 23 of described data acquisition module 22.Each photovoltaic apparatus 2 is electrically connected described main website 1 by communication module 23.Described data acquisition unit 21 is by being converted to the information of collection the sensor of electric signal or the transducer collection data for electricity generation module 24.Described data acquisition unit 21 comprises the electric data acquisition unit 211 for gathering electric parameter, and for gathering the microclimate data acquisition unit 212 of microclimate information.When described photovoltaic generating system and while becoming owner of operation of power networks, described main website 1 will or control node to the opertaing device of main electrical network Monitoring Data is provided, these Monitoring Data not only provide photovoltaic generating system to implement the electric data of output, the Monitoring Data that plays outstanding role in the present invention is exactly the generating capacity budget data of photovoltaic generating system, thereby by anticipation photovoltaic generating system generating capacity being implemented to control by dispatching of power netwoks, for the trend control of major network provides reliable reference frame, improve power station operational efficiency and economy.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, described microclimate data acquisition unit 212 comprises the intensity of illumination data acquisition unit 2121 for detecting intensity of illumination, for the lighting angle data acquisition unit 2122 of detected light irradiation angle, for detecting the air speed data collecting unit 2123 of real-time wind speed, for detecting the wind direction data acquisition unit 2124 of real-time wind direction, for detecting the temperature record collecting unit 2125 of temperature, for detecting the humidity data collecting unit 2126 of relative humidity, for gathering the quantity of precipitation data acquisition unit 2127 of quantity of precipitation, for gathering the dewpoint temperature data acquisition unit 2128 of dewpoint temperature, for gathering the Geothermal data collecting unit 2129 of ground temperature, for gathering the barometric information collecting unit 2130 of pressure information, and for gathering the radiation data collecting unit 2131 of radiation information.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, described electric data acquisition unit 211 comprises the voltage data collecting unit 2111 for gathering AC voltage parameter, for gathering the current data collecting unit 2112 of alternating current parameter, for gathering the meritorious data acquisition unit 2113 of active power, for gathering the idle data acquisition unit 2114 of reactive power, for gathering the power factor data acquisition unit 2115 of power factor, and for gathering the frequency data collecting unit 2116 of ac frequency.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, described electricity generation module 24 comprises at least one photovoltaic cells 241 that is electric energy by light energy conversion, for the accumulator 242 of storage of electrical energy, and for completing the power governor 243 of electric energy conversion.Described power governor 243 is electrically connected described photovoltaic cells 241 and accumulator 242.Further, described electricity generation module 24 also comprises the electric loading 244 for AC/DC that is electrically connected described power governor 243.Described photovoltaic cells 241 comprises a photovoltaic subelement that adopts above the array structure of tiling to lay.Described power governor 243 collects and exports main electrical network to for the electric energy that each photovoltaic cells 241 is exported, and wherein should comprise inversion unit, thereby power governor 243 both can export direct current, again can output AC electricity.
The present invention also proposes photovoltaic apparatus based on above-mentioned photovoltaic generating system and the method for main website data communication.The method is that each photovoltaic apparatus is configured for the microclimate data acquisition unit 212 that gathers microclimate information, make main website 1 can receive the microclimate data from each photovoltaic apparatus 2, and according to the generating capacity of this photovoltaic apparatus 2 of microclimate data budget of photovoltaic apparatus 2.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention, the communication interface of photovoltaic apparatus 2 and main website 1, namely the communication module 23 of photovoltaic apparatus 2 and the communication interface of main website 1 adopt universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter UART.Universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter UART is a kind of general serial data bus, for asynchronous communication.This bus two-way communication, can realize complete (partly) duplex transmission and reception.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention, photovoltaic apparatus 2 with the messaging parameter setting of main website 1 is, and communication speed is 9600bps, and bps transmits number of bits p.s..Initiation of communication position adopts sends a logical zero signal, represents to start transmission.Communication data position adopts expansion binary-coded decimal.Communication check bit adopts the bit that data bit is carried out to verification.Communication position of rest adopts position of rest logical one to represent that character data finishes.Communication mode adopts half duplex communication mode, and communication can realize two-way, but can not carry out simultaneously, must be that one after the other is carried out, and can only have one end to other end communication in synchronization.The communication response time comprises largest interval time T b between the response time Td that receives orders after frame and byte.Wherein, the scope of the response time Td after frame that receives orders is, 20 ms≤Td≤500ms; Between byte, the scope of largest interval time T b is, Tb≤500ms.Address field in data communication is photovoltaic apparatus 2 sequence numbers, is the final receiver address of communication.Address field is 8 bytes, while using 8 bytes of address code curtailment, supplies 8 bytes with sexadecimal AA in the time of communication.
Main website 1 of the present invention comprises following steps with the data communication of each photovoltaic apparatus 2, as shown in Figure 2,
A. main website 1 sends read requests data D1 to each photovoltaic apparatus 2 respectively by the period of setting; Main website 1 should arrange respectively access-hours for each photovoltaic apparatus 2, for a set of photovoltaic apparatus 2, starts the process finishing to flow process 304, the data communication completing exactly in the access-hours that this photovoltaic apparatus 2 is arranged as shown in Figure 2 from flow process 301 timings; In flow process 302 shown in Fig. 2, in the read requests data D1 that main website 1 sends, should comprise the definition of the feedback data of the photovoltaic apparatus 2 that main website need to obtain, therefore read requests data D1 should be order data;
B. flow process 303 as shown in Figure 2, photovoltaic apparatus 2 is receiving after read requests data D1, and the feedback data that will ask according to read requests data D1, passes the request msg D2 of main website back to main website 1.The described request msg D2 of main website should comprise the actual feedback data of the corresponding read requests data D1 internal feedback data definition of telling, actual feedback data should comprise the data that reflection electric parameter gathers from electric data acquisition unit 211 in the present invention, and the data that gather from microclimate data acquisition unit 212 of reflection microclimate parameter.
In the data communication of main website 1 of the present invention and each photovoltaic apparatus 2, data are all packaged into data transmission frames Z, and as shown in Figure 3, this data transmission frames Z comprises frame head Z1, control code frame Z2, length frame Z3, Frame Z4, verification frame Z5 and postamble Z6.
Described frame head Z1 comprises four groups of byte groups, and every group of byte group comprises the first continuous byte and the second byte, and described the second byte is the radix-minus-one complement of the first byte.For example, frame head Z1 is host sequence A0 to A3, and the first byte of first byte group is A0 so, and the second byte is exactly the radix-minus-one complement of A0; By that analogy, whole frame head Z1 is exactly: A0, A0 radix-minus-one complement, A1, A1 radix-minus-one complement, A2, A2 radix-minus-one complement, A3, A4 radix-minus-one complement.Above-mentioned frame head Z1 structure has increased data communication reliability by the frame structure of radix-minus-one complement verification.
Described read requests data D1 is just using the data transmission frames Z transmission as claim frame, and as shown in Figure 4, control code frame Z2 adopts 01H FEH, and length frame Z3 adopts 04H FBH, and Frame Z4 adopts identifier, and verification frame Z5 represents with CRC, postamble Z6 employing E5H 1AH.Described identifier is exactly the data type that reflection main website 1 requires photovoltaic apparatus 2 to feed back.The preferred embodiment of the present invention, the identifier that intensity of illumination is obtained in requirement is D0 00; The identifier that lighting angle is obtained in requirement is D0 01; The identifier that real-time wind speed is obtained in requirement is D0 02; Requirement obtain real-time wind direction identifier be D0 03; The identifier that temperature is obtained in requirement is D0 04; The identifier that relative humidity is obtained in requirement is D0 05; The identifier that quantity of precipitation is obtained in requirement is D0 06; The identifier that dewpoint temperature is obtained in requirement is D0 07; The identifier that ground temperature is obtained in requirement is D0 08; The identifier that air pressure is obtained in requirement is D0 09; The identifier that radiation information is obtained in requirement is D0 0A.
The described request msg D2 of main website is just using the data transmission frames Z transmission as response frame, and as shown in Figure 5, control code frame Z2 adopts 81H 7EH, length frame Z3 adopts 30H CFH, Frame Z4 adopts the data of corresponding identifier, and verification frame Z5 represents with CRC, postamble Z6 employing E5H 1AH.For the Frame Z4 of response frame, for example, the identifier adopting as Frame Z4 in the read requests data D1 of claim frame that main website 1 sends is D00 05, and to return to the Frame Z4 of the request msg D2 of main website as response frame of main website 1 be exactly the data of corresponding relative humidity to photovoltaic apparatus 2 so.
Certainly when there are abnormal conditions in communicating by letter between main website 1 and photovoltaic apparatus 2, photovoltaic apparatus 2 can return to exception response frame to main website 1, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control code frame Z2 of this exception response frame adopts C4H 3BH, and length frame Z3 adopts 04H FBH, and verification frame Z5 represents with CRC, postamble Z6 adopts E5H 1AH, and Frame Z4 adopts 8 binary codes of Bit7 to Bit0, wherein Bit0 position represents invalid data, Bit1 position representative data identifier mistake.
In the data communication process of main website 1 and each photovoltaic apparatus 2, be in the process of above-mentioned steps A to B, namely shown in Fig. 2 in flowchart process, when main website 1 does not transmit mutually data in the permission idle period of setting with photovoltaic apparatus 2, main website 1 comprises following steps with the data communication of photovoltaic apparatus 2
C. main website 1 sends inquiry heartbeat data packets to photovoltaic apparatus 2; This heartbeat data packets is also the form transmission with data transmission frames Z;
D. when receiving the feedback heartbeat data packets of passing back of photovoltaic apparatus 2 in the heartbeat period that main website 1 is setting, confirm that main website communicates by letter with photovoltaic apparatus normally; Otherwise confirm main website and photovoltaic apparatus communication disruption.Feedback heartbeat data packets is the form transmission with data transmission frames Z equally.
In the communication process of main website 1 and photovoltaic apparatus 2, by heartbeat packet data interaction, feed back in time each photovoltaic apparatus 2 and signal intelligence main website 1, can effectively guarantee communication stability.
In the data communication process of main website 1 and each photovoltaic apparatus 2, be in the process of above-mentioned steps A to B, namely shown in Fig. 2 in flowchart process, main website 1 by set school time time data while periodically sending broadcast school to each photovoltaic apparatus, to guarantee the timeliness accuracy of real time data.Data or the form transmission with data transmission frames Z when in described broadcast the school.
Claims (10)
1. a method for photovoltaic apparatus and main website data communication, based on photovoltaic generating system; It is characterized in that:
For each photovoltaic apparatus is configured for the microclimate data acquisition unit that gathers microclimate information; Make main website can receive the microclimate data from each photovoltaic apparatus, and according to the generating capacity of this photovoltaic apparatus of microclimate data budget of photovoltaic apparatus;
The data communication of described main website and each photovoltaic apparatus comprises following steps,
A. main website sends read requests data to each photovoltaic apparatus respectively by the period of setting;
B. photovoltaic apparatus is receiving after read requests data, and the feedback data that will ask according to read requests data, passes main website request msg back to main website.
2. the method for photovoltaic apparatus according to claim 1 and main website data communication, is characterized in that:
In the data communication process of main website and each photovoltaic apparatus, the not mutual transmission data in the permission idle period of setting when main website and photovoltaic apparatus, the data communication of main website and photovoltaic apparatus comprises following steps,
C. main website sends inquiry heartbeat data packets to photovoltaic apparatus;
D. when receiving the feedback heartbeat data packets of passing back of photovoltaic apparatus in the heartbeat period that main website is setting, confirm that main website communicates by letter with photovoltaic apparatus normally; Otherwise confirm main website and photovoltaic apparatus communication disruption.
3. the method for photovoltaic apparatus according to claim 1 and main website data communication, is characterized in that:
In the data communication process of main website and each photovoltaic apparatus, main website by set school time the time periodically send broadcast data when school to each photovoltaic apparatus.
4. according to arbitrary described photovoltaic apparatus of claims 1 to 3 and the method for main website data communication, it is characterized in that:
In the data communication of main website and each photovoltaic apparatus, data are all packaged into data transmission frames, and this data transmission frames comprises frame head, control code frame, length frame, Frame, verification frame and postamble.
5. the method for photovoltaic apparatus according to claim 4 and main website data communication, is characterized in that:
Described frame head comprises four groups of byte groups, and every group of byte group comprises the first continuous byte and the second byte, and described the second byte is the radix-minus-one complement of the first byte.
6. a photovoltaic generating system, is characterized in that:
Comprise at least one photovoltaic apparatus, and be electrically connected the main website of each photovoltaic apparatus; Described photovoltaic apparatus comprises that for completing light energy conversion be electric energy the electricity generation module of exporting electric energy, and at least one data acquisition unit, is electrically connected the data acquisition module of this data acquisition unit, and is electrically connected the communication module of described data acquisition module; Each photovoltaic apparatus is electrically connected described main website by communication module;
Described data acquisition unit is by being converted to the information of collection the sensor of electric signal or the transducer collection data for electricity generation module; This data acquisition unit comprises the electric data acquisition unit for gathering electric parameter, and for gathering the microclimate data acquisition unit of microclimate information.
7. photovoltaic generating system according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
Described microclimate data acquisition unit comprises the intensity of illumination data acquisition unit for detecting intensity of illumination, for the lighting angle data acquisition unit of detected light irradiation angle, for detecting the air speed data collecting unit of real-time wind speed, for detecting the wind direction data acquisition unit of real-time wind direction, for detecting the temperature record collecting unit of temperature, for detecting the humidity data collecting unit of relative humidity, for gathering the quantity of precipitation data acquisition unit of quantity of precipitation, for gathering the dewpoint temperature data acquisition unit of dewpoint temperature, for gathering the Geothermal data collecting unit of ground temperature, for gathering the barometric information collecting unit of pressure information, and for gathering the radiation data collecting unit of radiation information.
8. photovoltaic generating system according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
Described electricity generation module comprises at least one photovoltaic cells that is electric energy by light energy conversion, for the accumulator of storage of electrical energy, and for completing the power governor of electric energy conversion; Described power governor is electrically connected described photovoltaic cells and accumulator.
9. photovoltaic generating system according to claim 8, is characterized in that:
Described electricity generation module also comprises the alternating current-direct current electric loading that is electrically connected described power governor.
10. photovoltaic generating system according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
Described electric data acquisition unit comprises the voltage data collecting unit for gathering AC voltage parameter, for gathering the current data collecting unit of alternating current parameter, for gathering the meritorious data acquisition unit of active power, for gathering the idle data acquisition unit of reactive power, for gathering the power factor data acquisition unit of power factor, and for gathering the frequency data collecting unit of ac frequency.
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| CN107064625A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-08-18 | 宁波恒力达科技有限公司 | A kind of three-phase four-wire high voltage energy table and measuring method |
| CN110417793A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-05 | 无锡质胜新能源科技有限公司 | For the communication system and its method of inverter |
| CN112988172A (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2021-06-18 | 浙江禾川科技股份有限公司 | Program updating method, device and system of encoder |
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| CN112988172A (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2021-06-18 | 浙江禾川科技股份有限公司 | Program updating method, device and system of encoder |
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