CN102543446A - 一种染料敏化太阳能电池用电解质 - Google Patents

一种染料敏化太阳能电池用电解质 Download PDF

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CN102543446A
CN102543446A CN2012100119914A CN201210011991A CN102543446A CN 102543446 A CN102543446 A CN 102543446A CN 2012100119914 A CN2012100119914 A CN 2012100119914A CN 201210011991 A CN201210011991 A CN 201210011991A CN 102543446 A CN102543446 A CN 102543446A
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赵兴中
台启东
白思航
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Wuhan University WHU
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种染料敏化太阳能电池用电解质。电解质的成分包括：有机碘化物，碘单质，添加剂，溶剂。本发明涉及的有机碘化物是通过1-烷基取代的咪唑和二碘代烷烃反应制备。其物理、化学性质稳定且价格低廉，可以用来取代价格昂贵且稳定性差的碘化锂。使用本发明的电解质可以提高染料敏化太阳能电池的稳定性并降低其成本，有助于该种电池的商业化应用。

Description

一种染料敏化太阳能电池用电解质
技术领域
本发明涉及一种染料敏化太阳能电池用电解质，属于新能源技术领域。
技术背景
当前人类所需能量的主要来源是化石燃料。然而，化石燃料不可再生且储量有限，一旦开采殆尽，人类将面临严重的能源危机。另一方面，化石燃料的燃烧所带来的环境问题也日益引起人们的关注。因此寻求和发展清洁、可再生能源已成为人们的共识。
太阳能是一种重要的，无穷尽的清洁能源，每年太阳投射到地球上的能量高达1.38*1024焦耳，这一数值是当前人类需求量的10000倍。设想，如果将地球表面0.1％的面积覆盖上效率为10％的太阳能电池便能满足当前的能量需求。
染料敏化太阳能电池至1991年被首次报道以来，以其高效、廉价、低门槛等优点引起了人们的广泛关注。该种电池一个至关重要的组成部分是含有I和I3 -氧化还原电对的电解质。一般I-的来源是LiI，尽管使用LiI会带来可观的光电流，但它的缺陷也是不容忽视的。首先，LiI不稳定，容易吸潮和被空气氧化。其次，锂离子会降低电池的开路电压。再次，高纯度的LiI的价格昂贵。这些都会影响到染料敏化太阳能电池的稳定性和商业化应用。
因此，开发廉价，稳定，高效的LiI的替代品具有重要的实用意义。
发明内容
鉴于LiI的上述缺点，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种廉价、稳定的染料敏化太阳能电池用电解质。
本发明使用一种新型的有机碘化物取代LiI作为电解质中的I源。该有机碘化物是以1-烷基取代咪唑和二碘代烷烃为原料通过一步反应制得的，其物理、化学性质稳定，制备简单，成本低廉。用其配置的电解质能克服LiI体系电解质的上述缺点，提高电池的稳定性，降低电池的成本，因而具有良好的应用前景。
本发明所提供的染料敏化太阳能电池用电解质包含以下成分：
(1)有机碘化物
(2)碘单质
(3)添加剂
(4)溶剂
其中有机碘化物为具有如下结构的单一物质或任意比例的混合物：
Figure BDA0000131174780000021
其中R为C1-C4的烷基，n为1-4的整数；
碘单质在电解质中的浓度控制在0.03M-0.06M之间，且有机碘化物和碘单质的摩尔比控制在5-20之间；
添加剂可以是浓度为0.1M-0.5M的4-叔丁基吡啶、(异)硫氰酸胍、四丁基四氟硼酸铵中的一种或几种。
溶剂为二甲亚砜或二甲亚砜与乙腈、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、碳酸丙烯酯中的一种或多种的混合物。
另外本发明中的电解质还可以往其中填加溶剂质量3％-15％的高分子凝胶剂用来制备准固态电解质，高分子凝胶剂可以是各种分子量的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚偏氟乙烯、其他可溶高分子或者它们任意比例的混合物。
本发明的较之传统的碘化锂基的电解质有如下优点：
(1)制备简单且成本低廉，
(2)稳定性高，
(3)使用了低挥发性溶剂，进一步提高器件的稳定性。
附图说明
图1是本发明中所用到的有机碘化物(MMIDI)和碘化锂在空气中的稳定性对比。
图2是使用了实施例1-4的电解质的染料敏化太阳能电池的光伏特性曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1，作为对比。
有机碘化物：二碘化-1，1’-亚甲基-二(3-甲基咪唑)，0.25M
碘单质：0.05M
溶剂：二甲亚砜
将上述各成分混合均匀即可。
实施例2
有机碘化物：二碘化-1，1’-亚甲基-二(3-甲基咪唑)，0.3M
碘单质：0.03M
添加剂：四叔丁基吡啶，0.5M
溶剂：二甲亚砜
将上述各成分混合均匀即可。
实施例3
有机碘化物：二碘化-1，1’-亚甲基-二(3-甲基咪唑)，0.3M
碘单质：0.05M
添加剂：(异)硫氰酸胍，0.1M，四叔丁基吡啶，0.5M
溶剂：二甲亚砜/乙腈，vol/vol＝3/2
将上述各成分混合均匀即可。
实施例4
有机碘化物：二碘化-1，1’-丁基-二(3-甲基咪唑)，0.3M
碘单质：0.06M
添加剂：(异)硫氰酸胍，0.1M
溶剂：二甲亚砜/碳酸丙烯酯，vol/vol＝3/2
将上述各成分混合均匀即可。
实施例5
有机碘化物：二碘化-1，1’-亚甲基-二(3-丙基咪唑)，0.45M
碘单质：0.06M
添加剂：四叔丁基吡啶，0.5M
溶剂：二甲亚砜/碳酸丙烯酯，vol/vol＝4
将上述各成分混合均匀即可。
实施例6
制备准固态电解质，制备过程包含以下两步：
(1)、配备液态电解质，各组分浓度如下：
有机碘化物：二碘化-1，1’-亚甲基-二(3-甲基咪唑)，0.45M
碘单质：0.03M
添加剂：四叔丁基吡啶，0.5M；四丁基四氟硼酸铵，0.1M
溶剂：二甲亚砜/N-甲基吡咯烷酮，vol/vol＝4
将上述各成分混合均匀即可。
(2)、往(1)中液态电解质加入一定量的高分子使其凝胶化
聚合物：聚偏氟乙烯(Mw＝100,000)，溶剂质量的6wt％。
将上述实例1、2、3、4、5、6中的电解质用于染料敏化太阳能电池测试结果如图1所示。
所述的染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极为约8um厚的多孔TiO2薄膜，染料为N3，测试条件是AM1.5G模拟光源，强度为80mW/cm2，电池有效面积是0.25cm2。
实施例7
制备准固态电解质，制备过程同实施例6，电解质组分如下
有机碘化物：二碘化-1，1’-亚甲基-二(3-甲基咪唑)，0.45M
碘单质：0.03M
添加剂：四叔丁基吡啶，0.5M；四丁基四氟硼酸铵，0.1M
溶剂：二甲亚砜/N-甲基吡咯烷酮，vol/vol＝4
聚合物：聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(Mw＝24000)，溶剂的15wt％。
实施例8
制备准固态电解质，制备过程同实施例6，电解质组分如下
有机碘化物：二碘化-1，1’-亚甲基-二(3-甲基咪唑)，0.45M
碘单质：0.03M
添加剂：四叔丁基吡啶，0.5M；四丁基四氟硼酸铵，0.1M
溶剂：二甲亚砜/N-甲基吡咯烷酮，vol/vol＝4
聚合物：聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(Mw＝1300000)，溶剂的3wt％。

Claims (3)

1.一种染料敏化太阳能电池用电解质，其特征在于，包含以下成分：
(1)有机碘化物
(2)碘单质
(3)添加剂
(4)溶剂
其中有机碘化物为具有如下结构的单一物质或任意比例的混合物：
Figure FDA0000131174770000011
其中R为C1-C4的烷基，n为1-4的整数；
碘单质在电解质中的浓度控制在0.03M-0.06M之间，且有机碘化物和碘单质的摩尔比控制在5-20之间；
添加剂是浓度为0.1M-0.5M的4-叔丁基吡啶、(异)硫氰酸胍、四丁基四氟硼酸铵中的一种或几种；
溶剂为二甲亚砜或二甲亚砜与乙腈、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、碳酸丙烯酯中的一种或多种的混合物。
2.一种准固态电解质，其特征在于，包换权利要求1所述的电解质，还包括权利要求1中溶剂质量3％-15％的高分子凝胶剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的准固态电解质，其特征在于，所述的高分子凝胶剂是聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮或聚偏氟乙烯。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103489644A (zh) * 2013-09-13 2014-01-01 北京航空航天大学 碘基聚合物凝胶电解质及其制备方法
CN103560013A (zh) * 2013-11-07 2014-02-05 武汉大学 一种硫化物对电极的染料敏化太阳能电池及其制备方法

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CN101258571A (zh) * 2005-09-08 2008-09-03 可乐丽股份有限公司 可极化电极
CN101719427A (zh) * 2009-12-02 2010-06-02 武汉大学 用于染料敏化太阳能电池的全固态有机合金电解质

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EP1892217A1 (en) * 2005-06-14 2008-02-27 Cataler Corporation Carbon material for electric dual-layer capacitor, electric dual-layer capacitor, and carbon material manufacturing method
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103489644A (zh) * 2013-09-13 2014-01-01 北京航空航天大学 碘基聚合物凝胶电解质及其制备方法
CN103489644B (zh) * 2013-09-13 2017-02-01 北京航空航天大学 碘基聚合物凝胶电解质及其制备方法
CN103560013A (zh) * 2013-11-07 2014-02-05 武汉大学 一种硫化物对电极的染料敏化太阳能电池及其制备方法

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