CN102540254B - Method for determining effective excitation region based on lighting analysis - Google Patents
Method for determining effective excitation region based on lighting analysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102540254B CN102540254B CN201010610724.XA CN201010610724A CN102540254B CN 102540254 B CN102540254 B CN 102540254B CN 201010610724 A CN201010610724 A CN 201010610724A CN 102540254 B CN102540254 B CN 102540254B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining an effective excitation region in seismic exploration acquisition. The method comprises the following steps of: determining a lighting shadow region of a target body by using a wave equation lighting algorithm; placing a plane wave excitation source on a target horizon; obtaining a lighting intensity amplitude value for upward lighting at the shadow region on ground; normalizing and smoothing the lighting intensity amplitude value; determining the optimal ground surface excitation point distribution section; and increasing the number of the excitation points on the original basis according to an integral interval of a spacing to newly determine the effective excitation region. According to the method, the problem of way of rationally distributing the excitation points on a target stratum is solved by using seismic wave lighting analysis, rational distribution of the positions of the excitation points for seismic acquisition is facilitated, and the quality for original data of the seismic exploitation can be improved. The method is particularly suitable for complex target exploitation regions of salt dome structures, over-thrust nappe structures, igneous rocks and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration technology, is a kind of method of determining effective excitation area in seismic acquisition.
Background technology
In seismic acquisition design, utilize given recording geometry simulation field acquisition observation, due to the impact of the factors such as the speed on stratum, inclination angle, structural feature, can cause spatially skewness of seismic event illumination intensity, illumination intensity is starkly lower than its region of intensity around, or is called illumination shadow region.
Obtain better stimulation effect in order to optimize shot point, improve the image quality of seismic data, for illumination shadow region or the bad region of fixed imaging, and the weak objective interval of reflective information, need to, to given geological structure model, according to a certain observed pattern, calculate and analyze the situation of a certain regional earthquake ripple illumination profile, carry out illumination analysis, according to illumination intensity distribution situation, rational recording geometry is determined in optimization.
Can only rely on collection in worksite technician's experience in the past, think that the location (generally all directly location above zone of interest) that can improve zone of interest imaging carried out shot point encryption or increase the method that receives spread length improving stimulation effect.This method cannot reach for zone of interest or objective body and effectively excite scope to lay, and is difficult to reach arrive improve zone of interest illumination result.
The analytical approach of the degree of covering of analysis purpose layer or the uniformity coefficient of geophone offset: the existing two kinds of modes of degree of covering of analysis purpose layer: one is that hypothesis underground medium is in flat bedded situation, and trying to achieve is the degree of covering of common mid point bin (CMP); Another kind of situation is the impact of horizontal change on raypath of having considered subsurface interface, speed, therefore utilizes ray tracing mode to ask for the degree of covering of common reflection point bin (CRP); Because the distribution situation of geophone offset can affect the analysis precision of speed, energy and the phase characteristic of stack amplitude, the Uniformity Analysis that therefore geophone offset distributes also just becomes a kind of method of routine observation systematic analysis.
These methods are all just recording geometry itself to be analyzed, and do not have amplitude or the energy that really can observe for zone of interest to analyze.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of exploration target area or large-scale barrier for becoming aberration, the shot point position of Reasonable Arrangement earthquake-capturing, and that optimizes that shot point lays scope determines the method for effective excitation area based on illumination analysis.
The present invention realizes by following concrete topic step:
1) utilize wave equation illumination algorithm, more than one recording geometry is carried out seismic event illumination analysis and obtained preparing to the illumination profile of construction area, determine the illumination shadow region of objective body;
Step 1) described in really set the goal body illumination shadow region or adopt known seismic section determine.
2) according to the scope in the illumination shadow region of zone of interest, plane wave excitaton source is placed on this zone of interest position, upwards carry out seismic event illumination, obtain the illumination intensity amplitude of shadow region up ligthing on ground;
3) according to the following formula the illumination intensity amplitude of ground surface is normalized:
B
i＝(A
i-A
min)/(A
max-A
min) (1)
In formula, A
ifor the illumination amplitude that the i before normalization is ordered, B
ifor the illumination amplitude that the i after normalization is ordered, A
minfor minimum illumination amplitude, A
maxfor maximum illumination amplitude;
4) according to the following formula data are carried out to smoothing processing:
In formula,
the level and smooth back lighting amplitude of point; Level and smooth the counting of using of n-; A
jthe level and smooth front lit amplitude of-j point;
5) draw out level and smooth back lighting amplitude curve, determine best earth's surface shot point and lay section;
Step 5) the described level and smooth back lighting amplitude curve of drawing out is that discrete normalized illumination intensity amplitude is carried out to matching and smoothly sketches out curve, 10 times of normalization illumination amplitude decay in curve, for effectively exciting the separatrix of scope, landscape position on separatrix, for best earth's surface shot point is laid section.
Described illumination amplitude decays to 20dB.
6) according to step 1) recording geometry used, according to step 5) select earth's surface shot point lay section in, on original basis, increase shot point quantity according to the integral multiple interval of track pitch, according to step 1) to step 5) reanalyse the variation of the illumination intensity of zone of interest, redefine effective excitation area.
Step 6) described redefine effective excitation area, according to illumination recording geometry used, and the cautious sheet relation of arranging of big gun, obtain seismic data with seismic event forward simulation, seismic data before and after encrypting is carried out to pre-stack time migration processing, the imaging of encrypting front and back objective interval as shot point does not improve, and the position that shot point is encrypted is unreasonable, need to determine effective excitation area.
The present invention utilizes seismic event illumination analysis to solve for the how problem of Reasonable Arrangement shot point of zone of interest, is conducive to the shot point position of Reasonable Arrangement earthquake-capturing, can improve the quality of seismic prospecting source book.The present invention is particularly suitable for salt dome structure, the contrary complex target such as nappe structure, the pyrogenic rock exploration area of covering.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the velocity field model of exploration target area;
Fig. 2 is ground sheet lighting result;
Fig. 3 is target antidromic illumination result;
Fig. 4 is the normalization average amplitude distribution plan of antidromic illumination of the present invention on earth's surface.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Become aberration maybe cannot observe the problem of underground a certain zone of interest for zone of interest, the present invention, from weak illumination layer position, utilizes oppositely seismic wave means of illumination, obtains the illumination intensity of objective interval on earth's surface.The situation of change of base area sheet lighting smooth curve again, determines the scope that effectively excites.
The present invention realizes by following concrete steps:
1) set up the more accurate two-dimentional geology rate pattern in target area; Fig. 1 is the velocity field model of exploration target area, and solid black lines is the zone of interest that this area will study.First should set up the more accurate velocity profile in this target area in order to carry out illumination analysis.
2) utilize wave equation illumination algorithm, carry out seismic event illumination analysis for preferred several recording geometrys (can be a certain recording geometry), obtain preparing the illumination profile situation of construction area, determine the illumination shadow region of objective body; Or according to the seismic section in early stage, determine and need improved region.
Step 2) described in really set the goal body illumination shadow region or adopt known seismic section to determine shadow region.
Fig. 2 normally lays after shot point according to a certain recording geometry, in the illumination intensity reflection of different zone of interest, can determine like this weak illumination region of this recording geometry, as Fig. 2 be exactly the weak illumination region of this zone of interest position, district by the region in circle in sheet lighting result.
3) according to the scope in the illumination shadow region of zone of interest, plane wave excitaton source is placed on this zone of interest position, upwards carry out seismic event illumination, obtain the illumination intensity amplitude of shadow region up ligthing on ground; Extract the illumination value of ground surface by certain mesh spacing.
Fig. 3 is illumination shadow region definite from Fig. 2, utilizes plane wave excitaton source antidromic illumination method, upwards carries out illumination analysis, the illumination intensity obtaining.
4) according to the following formula the illumination intensity amplitude of ground surface is normalized, obtains earth's surface normalization illumination amplitude.
B
i＝(A
i-A
min)/(A
max-A
min) (1)
In formula, A
ifor the illumination amplitude that the i before normalization is ordered, B
ifor the illumination amplitude that the i after normalization is ordered, A
minfor minimum illumination amplitude, A
maxfor maximum illumination amplitude;
5) to step 4) in earth's surface normalization illumination amplitude data, according to the following formula data are carried out to smoothing processing, carry out after smoothing processing, obtain the earth's surface normalization amplitude that on average throws light on.
In formula,
the level and smooth back lighting amplitude of point; Level and smooth the counting of using of n-; A
jthe level and smooth front lit amplitude of-j point;
6) draw out level and smooth back lighting amplitude curve, determine best earth's surface shot point and lay section;
Step 5) the described level and smooth back lighting amplitude curve of drawing out is that discrete normalized illumination intensity amplitude is carried out to matching and smoothly sketches out curve, 10 times of normalization illumination amplitude decay in curve, described illumination amplitude decays to 20dB, for effectively exciting the separatrix of scope, landscape position on separatrix, for best earth's surface shot point is laid section.
7) according to step 2) recording geometry used, according to step 6) select earth's surface shot point lay section in, on original basis, increase shot point quantity according to the integral multiple interval of track pitch, according to step 2) to step 6) reanalyse the variation of the illumination intensity of zone of interest, redefine effective excitation area.
Step 7) described redefine effective excitation area, according to illumination recording geometry used, and the cautious sheet relation of arranging of big gun, obtain seismic data with seismic event forward simulation, seismic data before and after encrypting is carried out to pre-stack time migration processing, the imaging of encrypting front and back objective interval as shot point does not improve, and the position that shot point is encrypted is unreasonable, need to determine effective excitation area.
Fig. 4 is by the illumination intensity on earth's surface in Fig. 3, the illumination value distribution curve obtaining through normalization and smoothing processing.By analytic curve determine earth's surface effectively excite scope, in figure, effectively exciting scope is that position is between 22.5-24.14km.The region indicating with light color in Fig. 4, is exactly the weak illumination region for Fig. 2, after the present invention analyzes, and the region that should encrypt of gained.
Claims (3)
1. determine a method for effective excitation area based on illumination analysis, be characterized in realizing by following concrete steps:
1) utilize wave equation illumination algorithm, more than one recording geometry is carried out seismic event illumination analysis and obtained preparing to the illumination profile of construction area, determine the illumination shadow region of objective body;
2) according to the scope in the illumination shadow region of zone of interest, plane wave excitaton source is placed on this zone of interest position, upwards carry out seismic event illumination, obtain the illumination intensity amplitude of shadow region up ligthing on ground;
3) according to the following formula the illumination intensity amplitude of ground surface is normalized:
B
i＝(A
i-A
min)/(A
max-A
min) (1)
In formula, A
ifor the illumination amplitude that the i before normalization is ordered, B
ifor the illumination amplitude that the i after normalization is ordered, A
minfor minimum illumination amplitude, A
maxfor maximum illumination amplitude;
4) according to the following formula data are carried out to smoothing processing:
In formula,
the level and smooth back lighting amplitude of point; Level and smooth the counting of using of n-; A
jthe level and smooth front lit amplitude of-j point;
5) draw out level and smooth back lighting amplitude curve, determine best earth's surface shot point and lay section;
The described level and smooth back lighting amplitude curve of drawing out is that discrete normalized illumination intensity amplitude is carried out to matching and smoothly sketches out curve, 10 times of normalization illumination amplitude decay in curve, for effectively exciting the separatrix of scope, landscape position on separatrix, for best earth's surface shot point is laid section; Described illumination amplitude decays to 20dB;
6) according to step 1) recording geometry used, according to step 5) select earth's surface shot point lay section in, on original basis, increase shot point quantity according to the integral multiple interval of track pitch, according to step 1) to step 5) reanalyse the variation of the illumination intensity of zone of interest, redefine effective excitation area.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 1) described in really the set the goal illumination shadow region of body adopt known seismic section to determine.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is step 6) described redefine effective excitation area, according to illumination recording geometry used, and the cautious sheet relation of arranging of big gun, obtain seismic data with seismic event forward simulation, the seismic data before and after encrypting carried out to pre-stack time migration processing, as shot point encrypt before and after the imaging of objective interval do not improve, the position that shot point is encrypted is unreasonable, need to determine effective excitation area.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103543465B (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2016-06-08 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | The method of effective shot point is determined based on zone of interest illumination energy |
| CN106556860B (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-11-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method and apparatus for laying VSP observation systems |
| CN106019371B (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2018-09-14 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of advanced qualitative forecast method of projecting coal bed tunnel craven fault |
| CN111273339B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2022-12-02 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Shot point encryption method and system based on barrier target area |
| CN113643430B (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2024-04-16 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Intelligent observation method for observation system combining surface and underground double factors |
| CN111562609B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2023-01-10 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Automatic excitation point obstacle avoidance method and system |
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| CN101625417A (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-13 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Method for optimizing design of vertical seismic profile observation system |
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