CN102528886B - 具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102528886B CN102528886B CN201110415297.4A CN201110415297A CN102528886B CN 102528886 B CN102528886 B CN 102528886B CN 201110415297 A CN201110415297 A CN 201110415297A CN 102528886 B CN102528886 B CN 102528886B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound 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O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000002615 Epidermis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开一种具电磁波吸收功能复合刨花板及其制备方法，该刨花板由上、下表层及芯层组成，上下表层是由木屑、吸波剂和粘结剂组成，芯层由木屑和秸秆颗粒中的一种与吸波剂和粘结剂组成，吸波剂采用纳米炭黑或石墨中的一种或两种粉体与预处理过的空心微珠、硅藻土、云母和蛭石中的一种或多种混合制成。本发明复合木基复合刨花板，吸波频段宽，在300MHz～18GHz均有高吸收，且有造价低廉、易于加工，可作为防电磁波辐射的建材。
Description
具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板及其制备方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种电磁波吸收体，具体涉及一种由木屑或秸杆与粘结剂、吸波剂复合而成的刨花板，属木基复合材料领域。
背景技术
[0002] 信息社会的飞速发展使电子产品日趋普及，随之而来的电磁波辐射也越来越严重，生产生活中电子产品越来越密集导致各种电子设备所辐射的电磁波相互干扰而引起仪器误动，对精密仪器，航空航天系统、广电系统、导航设备、医疗保健等重要系统存在潜在危害。军事方面、国家机关、银行、证券以及大型跨国公司的通讯系统和数据处理系统的保密数据及信息也会以电磁波的方式辐射出去造成信息泄密，尤其是人居电磁波环境的恶化会对人体的多方面诸如中枢神经系统、心血管系统、生殖系统及视觉系统造成伤害，引起头疼、头晕、记忆力减退、血压升高、不育、畸胎、白内障等症状或病变。另外，随着城市化的发展，大中型的广播电视、无线电通信发射台、更多的移动通信发射基站、城市中的变电站及地铁等电力运输系统使得城市的人居电磁环境越来越复杂，对人体健康的影响开始凸显。
[0003] 基于上述，对电磁波的防护已成为一个迫切需要解决的问题，国外起步较早(上世纪80年代)，国内也对此越来越重视，电磁波防护已被列入国家“十一五”课题，对于人居环境来说，国内刨花板的产量(05年统计世界第一)及在家居及城建中用量很大，若使其具有吸波功能将对人居电磁环境有很大改善，目前已有人对其做了一些研究。
[0004] 电磁波的防护可以通过两种方法来进行，一种是电磁波的屏蔽，通过屏蔽物减少波源与被保护体之间的电磁波辐射量，使电磁波反射回去，起到保护的作用；另外一种就是电磁波的吸收，是通过吸收物把电磁波能量转化成其它形式的能量，耗散掉电磁波的能量，对被保护体起到保护作用。
[0005] 公开号为CN 2574860的专利文献介绍了一种含纳米石墨颗粒的木材板，它是由两块木板经屏蔽粘接层粘接然后压机压制2-6h，微波烘干40min而成，屏蔽层厚度100-200 μ m，在300KHz-2GHz内屏蔽效能可达30dB。对电磁波进行屏蔽会造成电磁波的二次反射或多次反射问题，造成二次污染，无法减弱电磁波的能量。而电磁波吸收材料不仅可以屏蔽电磁波，同时可以吸收电磁波的能量将其消耗掉，防止二次污染的发生，达到更好的电磁波防治效果。
[0006] 专利申请200410011359.5介绍了 一种电磁波吸收性建筑密度板材，主要吸波剂为炭黑，含量为5% -10%，另外还掺杂1% -4%的TiO2和1% -4%的镍锌铁氧体，在140-1600C、10MPa/cm2的条件下压制8〜12分钟成型，在2_5GHz频段范围内吸收效果可达4-7dB。
[0007] 专利申请200410011359.5只利用了吸波剂炭黑、铁氧体本身对电磁波的吸收作用，吸波频带宽度的拓展，以及吸波性能的提高都受到吸波剂自身特点的影响。
[0008] 专利申请200810092491.1介绍了一种电磁波吸收性粉煤灰板材，是将粉煤灰和石膏按约1:1的比例然后按两者总重量的1%-2%参杂碳粉和ZnO装模压制成板材，随之在两侧分别压上电阻模和导电膜而成，在2-5GHZ的频段内吸收高于5dB，峰值可达27dB。该申请200810092491.1同样存在吸波剂单一，吸收频带窄等问题。
发明内容
[0009] 本发明旨在针对现有技术不足而提供的一种宽频段(300MHz〜18GHz)、高吸收的具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板。该复合刨花板具有频带宽、造价低廉、易于加工等特点。
[0010] 本发明的具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板，板材组成:由上表层、下表层及芯层组成，上、下表层是由木屑、吸波剂和粘结剂组成，芯层由木屑和秸杆颗粒中的一种与吸波剂和粘结剂组成。
[0011] 其中，所述吸波剂采用纳米炭黑或纳米石墨中的一种或两种粉体与预处理过的空心微珠、娃藻土、云母和蛭石中的一种或多种混合制成。
[0012] 所述预处理为用烧碱、硫酸或盐酸的水溶液对空心微珠、硅藻土、云母和蛭石进行浸泡腐蚀。
[0013] 吸波剂中，纳米炭黑或石墨中的一种或两种粉体占吸波剂重量的17%〜95%，空心微珠、娃藻土、云母和蛭石中的一种或多种占吸波剂重量的5%〜85%。
[0014] 吸波剂总量在复合板材总重量中占7.6%〜23.6%。上表层中吸波剂占该层总重量的O〜24%，下表层中吸波剂占该层总重量的3〜30%，芯层中吸波剂占该层总种量的10 〜30%。
[0015] 以上所述的具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板中，所述粘接剂为脲醛树脂、水溶性酚醛树脂或水性异氰酸酯，粘结剂占各层总重量的10%〜30%。
[0016] 刨花板各层中，木屑或秸杆颗粒占此层总重量的55%〜85% ;所述木屑长度
l-3mm，松装密度约为180kg/m3 ;在芯层中，秸杆长度几毫米到几厘米不等，松装密度约为220kg/m3。
[0017] 本发明另一目的为提供一种具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板的制备方法。
[0018] 该方法其制作工艺为:第一步，按前述组配制备多组分复合吸波剂；第二步，按各层组配将吸波剂与木屑或秸杆颗粒进行混合搅拌；第三步，将搅拌后的混合物利用铺装机、热压机进行铺装、热压；第四步，将压制成型的板材自然干燥成型。
[0019] 采用以上方案，本发明复合使用多种吸波材料制成吸波剂，引入了蛭石、云母、硅藻土和玻璃微珠等，且经过适当改性处理，与纳米石墨或炭黑更好复合，增大吸波剂对电磁波的吸收效果，使形成的复合木基复合刨花板拓宽了吸波频带，在300MHz〜18GHz宽吸波频段内均有高吸收，且有造价低廉、易于加工等特点，可作为防电磁波辐射的建材。
附图说明
[0020] 图1为刨花板结构图；
[0021] 图2为刨花板制作工艺流程图；
[0022] 图3为本发明实施例低频段与高频段反射率测试图；
[0023] 图4为本发明另一实施例低频段与高频段反射率测试图。
具体实施方式[0024] 本发明要提供一种宽频段(300MHz〜18GHz)、高吸收的复合木基复合刨花板。
[0025] 板材组成:此种电磁波吸收性复合刨花板材为上表层1、下表层3及芯层3三层结构(见附图1)，上、下表层由木屑、吸波剂和粘结剂混合组成；芯层由木屑和秸杆颗粒中的一种与吸波剂和粘结剂混合组成。
[0026] 木屑与秸杆颗粒:在各层中，木屑由普通木材粉碎，长度l_3mm，松装密度约为180kg/m3;在芯层中，秸杆为粉碎后的秸杆，形状不一，多为楔状、条状或棒状，长度几毫米到几厘米不等，松装密度约为220kg/m3。在上、下表层或芯层中，木屑或秸杆颗粒占该层总重量的55%〜85%。
[0027] 吸波剂:吸波剂采用纳米炭黑或纳米石墨中的一种或两种(A组分)与预处理过的空心微珠、硅藻土、云母和蛭石中的一种或多种(B组分)混合制成。A组分占吸波剂重量的15%〜95%，B组分占吸波剂重量的5%〜85% ;其中，对B组分的预处理方式为:用一定浓度的烧碱或硫酸或盐酸(浓度不限)浸泡B组分，用于扩大硅藻土等的孔道、腐蚀空心微珠表面形成不光滑表面，以利于B组分对A组分的吸附。
[0028] 吸波剂在各层中的填加量:在板材的制作过程中，吸波剂要在板材上层、芯层、下层三层中形成不同量的填加，但吸波剂总量在复合板材总重量中占7.6%〜23.6%。其中，上表层中吸波剂占该层总重量的O〜24%，下表层中吸波剂占该层总重量的3〜30%，芯层中吸波剂占该层总重量的10〜30%。
[0029] 粘结剂:粘结剂为脲醛树脂、水溶性酚醛树脂或水性异氰酸酯溶液，占此层总重量的 10%〜20%。
[0030] 本发明所用原料均可商购获得。
[0031] 本发明复合刨花板的吸收效能按照国家军用标准GJB 2038-94《雷达波吸波材料反射率测试方法》中所要求，采用弓形法对吸波板材进行测试。
[0032] 以下以具体实施例说明本发明。实施例中所用原料按前述要求准备。表列数值为各组成在各层材料中的重量百分比，具体计量可按需求量以克、千克或其倍数计算。
[0033] 实施例一
[0034] 按下述原料配比制备复合刨花板:
[0036] 制备流程参见图2所示。
[0037] 首先，按配比准备各层的吸波剂；随后，针对不同层，按比例取木屑或秸杆颗粒，然后分别喷入粘结剂，搅拌至均匀，加入各自层的吸波剂二次搅拌形成混合料；各层混合料经过铺装机后分成上、下表层和芯层三层，然后在IOMPaAi3J^ 150-180°C的温度下热压约五分钟(厚度不同热压时间也不同，越厚热压时间越长)。本实施例制备的复合板材总厚度12_。复合板材通常上、下表层厚度相等，控制在2-4_，芯层厚度按总厚度减去两表层厚度计算。
[0038] 采用标准GJB 2038-94进行测试，结果:在室温(25°C )下，板材厚度为12mm，密度0.83g/cm3,以下表层面对辐射源测试，在频段150MHz~2GHz (不含)范围内，平均反射率为_7dB以下，最小反射率为-14dB，而现有其它类似板材，在此频段最小反射率不会小于_5dB，通常不具有防辐射效果；在频段2-18GHZ范围内，平均反射率在_9dB以下，最小反射率为-27dB。(如图3所示，A幅表示低频段，B幅表示高频段。)，而现有其它类似板材达不到此数值，一般平均反射率在_5dB左右。
[0039] 实施例二
[0040] 参照实施例1的方法按下述原料配比制备复合刨花板:
[0042] 测试结果:在室温(25°C )下，板材厚度为14mm，密度0.79g/cm3,以上表层面或下表层面对辐射源测试，在频段150MHz~2GHz范围内，平均反射率为_5dB，最小反射率为-9dB ;在频段2-18GHz范围内，平均反射率均在_12dB以下，最小反射率为_22dB。(如图4所示，A幅表示低频段，B幅表示高频段。)
[0043] 实施例三
[0044] 参照实施例1的方法按下述原料配比制备复合刨花板:
[0047] 测试结果:在室温(25°C )下，板材厚度为13mm,密度0.80g/cm3,以下表层面对福射源测试在频段150MHz~2GHz范围内，平均反射率为_6dB，最小反射率为_7dB ;在频段2-18GHz范围内，平均反射率均在_9dB以下，最小反射率为_20dB。
[0048] 实施例四
[0049] 参照实施例1的方法按下述原料配比制备复合刨花板:
[0051] 测试结果:在室温(25°C )下，板材厚度为13mm,密度0.81g/cm3,以上表层面或下表层面对辐射源测试，在频段150MHz~2GHz范围内，平均反射率为_5dB，最小反射率为-1OdB ;在频段2-18GHZ范围内，平均反射率均在-1OdB以下，最小反射率为_18dB。
[0052] 实施例五
[0053] 参照实施例1的方法按下述原料配比制备复合刨花板:
[0055] 测试结果:在室温(25°C )下，板材厚度为13mm,密度0.81g/cm3,以上表层面或下表层面对辐射源测试，在频段150MHz~2GHz范围内，平均反射率为_5dB，最小反射率为-7dB ;在频段2-18GHZ范围内，平均反射率均在-1OdB以下，最小反射率为_19dB。
[0056] 实施例六
[0057] 参照实施例1的方法按下述原料配比制备复合刨花板:
[0060] 测试结果:在室温(25°C )下，板材厚度为IOmm,密度0.83g/cm3,以上表层面或下表层面对辐射源测试，在频段150MHz~2GHz范围内，平均反射率为_6dB，最小反射率为-1OdB ;在频段2-18GHz范围内，平均反射率均在-1OdB以下，最小反射率为_30dB。
[0061] 实施例七
[0062] 参照实施例1的方法按下述原料配比制备复合刨花板:
[0064] 测试结果:在室温(25°C )下，板材厚度为IOmm,密度0.83g/cm3,以下表层面对福射源测试，在频段150MHz~2GHz范围内，平均反射率为_5dB，最小反射率为-1ldB ;在频段
2-18GHz范围内，平均反射率均在-1OdB以下，最小反射率为_32dB。
[0065] 实施例八
[0066] 参照实施例1的方法按下述原料配比制备复合刨花板:
[0068] 测试结果,在室温(25°C )下，板材厚度为IOmm,密度0.83g/cm3,以下表层面对福射源测试，在频段150MHz~2GHz范围内，平均反射率为_5dB，最小反射率为_12dB ;在频段2-18GHz范围内，平均反射率均在-1OdB以下，最小反射率为_30dB。
[0069] 以上所有实施例，在频段150MHz~2GHz的低频范围内，平均反射率均能达到_5dB或以下，最小反射率均小于或远小于_5dB，表明本发明复合板材在此频段范围内具有防电磁波辐射效果；而在频段2-18GHz的高频范围内，平均反射率均小于或远小于_5dB，最小反射率可低至_27dB，表明本发明复合板材在高频范围内的防电磁波辐射效果明显。
Claims (6)
1.一种具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板，其特征在于:由上表层、下表层及芯层组成，上、下表层是由木屑、吸波剂和粘结剂组成，芯层由木屑和秸杆颗粒中的一种与吸波剂和粘结剂组成； 所述吸波剂采用纳米炭黑或纳米石墨中的一种或两种粉体与预处理过的空心微珠、硅藻土、云母和蛭石中的一种或多种混合制成,其中纳米炭黑或纳米石墨中的一种或两种粉体占吸波剂重量的17%〜95%，空心微珠、硅藻土、云母和蛭石中的一种或多种占吸波剂重量的5%〜85% ； 所述预处理为用烧碱、硫酸或盐酸的水溶液对空心微珠、硅藻土、云母和蛭石进行浸泡腐蚀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板，其特征在于:吸波剂总量在复合板材总重量中占7.6%〜23.6%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板，其特征在于:上表层中吸波剂占该层总重量的O〜24%，下表层中吸波剂占该层总重量的3〜30%，芯层中吸波剂占该层总种量的10〜30%。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板，其特征在于:所述粘结剂为脲醛树脂、水溶性酚醛树脂或水性异氰酸酯，粘结剂占各层总重量的10%〜30%。
5.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板，其特征在于:刨花板各层中，木屑或秸杆颗粒占此层总重量的55%〜85% ;所述木屑长度l_3mm，松装密度约为180kg/m3 ;在芯层中，秸杆长度几毫米到几厘米，松装密度约为220kg/m3。
6.权利要求1至5任一所述具电磁波吸收功能的复合刨花板的制备方法，其特征在于，其制作工艺为:第一步，将吸波剂各组分进行混合；第二步，按各层组配将吸波剂与木屑或秸杆颗粒进行混合搅拌；第三步，将搅拌后的混合物利用铺装机、热压机进行铺装、热压；第四步，将压制成型的板材自然干燥成型。
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| CN105565390B (zh) * | 2015-12-12 | 2017-05-10 | 北京工业大学 | 一种硅藻土基/镍锌铁氧体吸波剂及其制备方法 |
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