CN102528182A - Self-induced electric discharge machining method of metal-ceramic functionally graded material - Google Patents
Self-induced electric discharge machining method of metal-ceramic functionally graded material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102528182A CN102528182A CN2012100651126A CN201210065112A CN102528182A CN 102528182 A CN102528182 A CN 102528182A CN 2012100651126 A CN2012100651126 A CN 2012100651126A CN 201210065112 A CN201210065112 A CN 201210065112A CN 102528182 A CN102528182 A CN 102528182A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 43
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-induced electric discharge machining method of a metal-ceramic functionally graded material, relates to a machining method of a metal-ceramic functionally graded material and solves the problems that: the traditional mechanical machining method depending on the strength and the hardness of a tool is difficult to realize the re-machining of the metal-ceramic functionally graded material. The machining method comprises the following steps that: firstly, the metal-ceramic functionally graded material and a tool electrode are respectively connected with positive and negative electrodes of a pulse power supply, and then a workpiece is immersed in a kerosene working liquid; and secondly, a feed mechanism is used for driving the tool electrode to approach the workpiece, and the pulse power supply is connected so as to gradually complete the discharge machining of a meal layer, a gradient layer and a ceramic layer. According to the self-induced electric discharge machining method of the metal-ceramic functionally graded material, without the aid of an auxiliary electrode, a metal matrix of the material itself is used as a self-induced source of ceramic machining, so that the stability and the continuity of the self-induced discharge process are ensured, the connotation of the electric discharge machining technology is enriched, and simultaneously, the application of novel materials is promoted. The self-induced electric discharge machining method provided by the invention is used for machining the metal-ceramic functionally graded material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method to the metal-ceramic FGM.
Background technology
FGM can be eliminated the material parameter that exists in the conventional composite materials effectively in mismatch problems at the interface because its material parameter changes in the space in gradient continuously; Therefore can improve the interface zone material property; Give full play to the advantage of composite than two materials; Make it to be able in the huge using value of aerospace field performance, and expand numerous areas such as mechanical engineering, nuclear power source, biomedical engineering and building gradually to, application prospect is very wide.
Difference according to the application scenario; FGM can be designed to various ways such as metal-metal, metal-ceramic, nonmetal-nonmetal, nonmetal-pottery, ceramic to ceramic; Wherein the most extensively with urgent, its difficulty of processing is also very big for the research of metal-ceramic FGM and demand.
Continuous gradient must take place and changes FGM in single or composite performance along its physics of a certain direction, chemistry, mechanics etc.; Therefore also will cause the change of its processing characteristics, make the traditional diamond-making technique that depends on cutter intensity, hardness etc. unable to do what one wishes a bit it.
The metal-ceramic FGM mainly concentrates on the design and the preparation aspect of material to the research of metal-ceramic FGM at present, and the research of its processing method is also rarely had report owing to its novelty and performance diversity.But any new material is from occurring finally becoming practicability function parts, the processing in the middle of all can't going beyond, manufacturing link.The design of metal-ceramic FGM, preparation and characterizing etc. moves to maturity just gradually, and application target is clear and definite day by day.Present stage, the research and development of carrying out this new material processing method targetedly just in time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the existing traditional mechanical processing method that depends on cutter intensity, hardness etc. and be difficult to realize problem that the metal-ceramic FGM is reprocessed, and a kind of self-induction electric discharge machining method to the metal-ceramic FGM is provided.
The present invention carries out the self-induction electric discharge machining method of metal-ceramic FGM according to the following steps:
One, metal-ceramic FGM and pulse power positive pole are linked to each other; Tool-electrode links to each other with pulse power negative pole; Then the metal-ceramic FGM is immersed in the kerosene working solution, wherein the metal-ceramic FGM is made up of metal level, gradient layer and ceramic layer;
Two, approaching to workpiece by feed mechanism driven tool electrode, the make pulse power supply is progressively accomplished the edm of metal level, gradient layer and ceramic layer.
Metal-ceramic FGM self-induction electric discharge machining method of the present invention organically combines the performance and the electric discharge machining method of material itself, utilizes the auxiliary electrode self-induction source of the Metal Substrate of material as pottery processing itself.The present invention is immersed in the metal-ceramic FGM in the kerosene working solution; Under the effect of electric spark working pulse power source not by means of the external auxiliary electrode; Utilize the spark discharge of functionally gradient material (FGM) metal level to make carbon that the kerosene working solution produces through thermal decomposition attached to work surface and form one deck conducting film, make the insulating ceramics laminar surface have electric conductivity and realize spark discharge processing insulating ceramics; Under the positive polarity processing conditions, when the insulating ceramics material was constantly removed, the surface constantly formed new conducting film, thereby the insulating ceramics material is constantly removed by erosion, until the processing of accomplishing the size that requires.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention gives full play to that metal level in the metal-ceramic FGM combines with ceramic layer closely and the material metal base can be used as the characteristic that ceramic material processing induces material such as source itself to be had; Overcome because the single or composite performance generation continuous gradient variation of metal-ceramic FGM along its physics of a certain direction, chemistry, mechanics etc.; Cause the change of its processing characteristics, and make the traditional diamond-making technique that depends on cutter intensity, hardness etc. the difficult shortcoming of its processing.Owing to realized that in the material preparation process material metal base combines with the densification of ceramic base, make metal-ceramic FGM edm process stabilization and continuity be protected, working (machining) efficiency is improved; Adopt the self-induction auxiliary electrode to accomplish the edm of insulating ceramic materials, machining energy is suitable, therefore can guarantee the crudy and the machining accuracy of surface of the work.
The present invention utilizes the self-induction source of the Metal Substrate of metal-ceramic FGM as ceramic material processing itself; Realized the spark machined of metal-ceramic FGM; Enrich the intension of spark erosion technique on the one hand, promoted the application of new material on the other hand.
The present invention is used for the processing to the metal-ceramic FGM.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a processing unit (plant) sketch map of the present invention, and wherein 1 is rotary main shaft, and 2 is tool-electrode, and 3 is kerosene, and 4 is workpiece, and 5 is work tank, and 6 is pulse power system, and 7 is workbench;
Fig. 2 is embodiment one a metal-ceramic FGM metal level edm sketch map, and wherein 8 is electric spark, and 9 is metal level, and 10 is gradient layer, and 11 is ceramic layer;
Fig. 3 is embodiment one a metal-ceramic FGM gradient layer edm sketch map, and wherein 12 is conducting film, and 13 is electric spark;
Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 working region partial enlarged drawing, and wherein 9 is metal level, and 10 is gradient layer, and 11 is ceramic layer, and 12 is conducting film, and 13 is electric spark;
Fig. 5 is embodiment one a metal-ceramic FGM ceramic layer discharge processing sketch map, and wherein 14 is conducting film, and 15 is electric spark;
Fig. 6 is Fig. 5 working region partial enlarged drawing, and wherein 9 is metal level, and 10 is gradient layer, and 11 is ceramic layer, and 14 is conducting film, and 15 is electric spark.
The specific embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to the following cited specific embodiment, also comprises the combination in any between each specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment one: this embodiment carries out the self-induction electric discharge machining method of metal-ceramic FGM according to the following steps:
One, metal-ceramic FGM and pulse power positive pole are linked to each other; Tool-electrode links to each other with pulse power negative pole; Then the metal-ceramic FGM is immersed in the kerosene working solution, wherein the metal-ceramic FGM is made up of metal level, gradient layer and ceramic layer;
Two, approaching to workpiece by feed mechanism driven tool electrode, the make pulse power supply is progressively accomplished the edm of metal level, gradient layer and ceramic layer.
This embodiment gives full play to that metal level in the metal-ceramic FGM combines with ceramic layer closely and the material metal base can be used as the characteristic that ceramic material processing induces material such as source itself to be had; Overcome because the single or composite performance generation continuous gradient variation of metal-ceramic FGM along its physics of a certain direction, chemistry, mechanics etc.; Cause the change of its processing characteristics, and make the traditional diamond-making technique that depends on cutter intensity, hardness etc. the difficult shortcoming of its processing.Owing to realized that in the material preparation process material metal base combines with the densification of ceramic base, make metal-ceramic FGM edm process stabilization and continuity be protected, working (machining) efficiency is improved; Adopt the self-induction auxiliary electrode to accomplish the edm of insulating ceramic materials, machining energy is suitable, therefore can guarantee the crudy and the machining accuracy of surface of the work.
This embodiment utilizes the self-induction source of the Metal Substrate of metal-ceramic FGM as ceramic material processing itself; Realized the spark machined of metal-ceramic FGM; Enrich the intension of spark erosion technique on the one hand, promoted the application of new material on the other hand.
The specific embodiment two: what this embodiment and the specific embodiment one were different is: the pulse power described in the step 1 is the controlled RC pulse power of transistor.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
Electric spark working pulse power source is the controlled RC pulse power of transistor in this embodiment, and this power supply can realize that small energy processing guarantees crudy through reducing discharge voltage on the one hand; Can in the processing loop, realize the adjustable of pulse power energy by the current-limiting resistance and the charge and discharge capacitance of the some different resistances of parallel connection on the other hand, guarantee machining accuracy.
The specific embodiment three: what this embodiment was different with the specific embodiment one or two is: the edm of metal level, gradient layer and ceramic layer is carried out according to the following steps in the step 2: a, metal level edm; Edm process discharges heat, forms high temperature spark discharge zone, realizes that the quick erosion of metal layer material removes; B, gradient layer edm; A large amount of heat that the metal level edm produces is decomposed the kerosene working solution; Under the positive polarity processing conditions, form one deck carbonaceous conductive film at work surface, produced simultaneously high-temperature activation the gradient layer material; The gradient layer surface temperature is risen rapidly, and material melts rapidly even gasifies; C, ceramic layer discharge processing; Along with processing is carried out; From the kerosene working solution, decompose the carbon granule deposition of coming out and be adsorbed on the ceramic layer work surface; Constantly form new conducting film; After gradient layer was penetrated by discharge, the processing of ceramic layer relied on the conducting film of continuous generation to guarantee that edm continues to carry out fully, until the processing of accomplishing the size that requires.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one or two.
Self-induction in this embodiment is not by means of the external auxiliary electrode, utilizes the induce source of the metal level of metal-ceramic FGM as gradient layer and ceramic layer discharge processing itself, under the effect of the pulse power, automatically generates conducting film.
Metal-ceramic FGM in this embodiment is made up of metal level, gradient layer and ceramic layer three parts; And the ground floor material is necessary for conductive metal layer; Gradient layer is the composite that has faint electric conductivity to one deck of ceramic layer transition by metal level, because gradient layer has faint electric conductivity can realize the gradient layer material simultaneously by means of the conducting film that generates edm.
The processing of positive polarity in this embodiment is that the anode with the pulse power is connected with the metal-ceramic FGM, and conducting film is effectively combined with work surface.
The specific embodiment four, what this embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to three is: the tool-electrode in the step 2 is rotating cylindrical electrode or rotary forming electrode not.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
Can rotate also can be static for tool-electrode in this embodiment process, therefore not only can realize deep hole machining but also can accomplish the forming electric spark worker.Tool-electrode is driven by high-speed main spindle can realize that rotating speed is adjustable in 0～4000r/min scope, can form the processing method that comprises boring, milling, processing and forming form.
The specific embodiment five: what this embodiment was different with one of specific embodiment one to four is: in the step 2, utilize kerosene to wash away that machining area is realized immersion liquid and towards the compound working solution supply mode of liquid.Other is identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.
This embodiment utilizes the highly pressurised liquid working media to wash away machining area when adopting immersion liquid processing in the whole machining process process, quickens the discharge of galvanic corrosion product, improves working (machining) efficiency.
Adopt following examples to verify beneficial effect of the present invention:
Embodiment one:
Present embodiment metal-ceramic FGM self-induction electric discharge machining method carries out according to the following steps:
With reference to accompanying drawing 1-6, Fig. 1 is a processing unit (plant) sketch map of the present invention; Fig. 2 is embodiment one a metal-ceramic FGM metal level edm sketch map; Fig. 3 is embodiment one a metal-ceramic FGM gradient layer edm sketch map; Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 working region partial enlarged drawing; Fig. 5 is embodiment one a metal-ceramic FGM ceramic layer discharge processing sketch map; Fig. 6 is Fig. 5 working region partial enlarged drawing.
At first the metal-ceramic FGM is linked to each other with the positive and negative the two poles of the earth of the controlled RC pulse power of transistor respectively with tool-electrode; Then the metal-ceramic FGM is immersed in the kerosene working solution, tool-electrode carries out the processing of positive polarity spark discharge near surface of the work under the drive of feed system.
At first carry out metal-ceramic FGM metal level edm, the flashing discharge forms high temperature spark discharge zone rapidly between tool-electrode under the effect of the pulse power and material metal layer, accomplishes the electric spark of realizing the functionally gradient material (FGM) metal level and removes; Secondly kerosene decomposes a large amount of free carbon particle of generation rapidly under the effect of a large amount of heat that the metal level edm is produced; Being adsorbed on work surface in the effect deposit of the pulse power, to form one deck be the conducting film of main component with the carbon, by means of this layer conducting film and combine the faint electric conductivity of gradient layer self successfully to realize the edm of gradient layer material; At last after gradient layer is penetrated fully, carry out from the kerosene working solution, decomposing the carbon granule that comes out and constantly deposit and be adsorbed on the ceramic layer surface and form new conducting film along with processing, realize edm to insulating ceramic materials.So just, realized not by auxiliary electrode, and utilized the self-induction source of the Metal Substrate of metal-ceramic FGM itself, accomplished the spark machined of metal-ceramic FGM as pottery processing.
Present embodiment gives full play to that metal level in the metal-ceramic FGM combines with ceramic layer closely and the material metal base can be used as the characteristic that ceramic material processing induces material such as source itself to be had; Overcome because the single or composite performance generation continuous gradient variation of metal-ceramic FGM along its physics of a certain direction, chemistry, mechanics etc.; Cause the change of its processing characteristics, and make the traditional diamond-making technique that depends on cutter intensity, hardness etc. the difficult shortcoming of its processing.Owing to realized that in the material preparation process material metal base combines with the densification of ceramic base, make metal-ceramic FGM edm process stabilization and continuity be protected, working (machining) efficiency is improved; Adopt the self-induction auxiliary electrode to accomplish the edm of insulating ceramic materials, machining energy is suitable, therefore can guarantee the crudy and the machining accuracy of surface of the work.
Present embodiment utilizes the self-induction source of the Metal Substrate of metal-ceramic FGM as ceramic material processing itself; Realized the spark machined of metal-ceramic FGM; Enrich the intension of spark erosion technique on the one hand, promoted the application of new material on the other hand.
Claims (5)
1. self-induction electric discharge machining method to the metal-ceramic FGM is characterized in that the self-induction electric discharge machining method of metal-ceramic FGM is carried out according to the following steps:
One, metal-ceramic FGM and pulse power positive pole are linked to each other; Tool-electrode links to each other with pulse power negative pole; Then the metal-ceramic FGM is immersed in the kerosene working solution, wherein the metal-ceramic FGM is made up of metal level, gradient layer and ceramic layer;
Two, approaching to workpiece by feed mechanism driven tool electrode, the make pulse power supply is progressively accomplished the edm of metal level, gradient layer and ceramic layer.
2. a kind of self-induction electric discharge machining method to the metal-ceramic FGM according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pulse power described in the step 1 is the controlled RC pulse power of transistor.
3. a kind of self-induction electric discharge machining method to the metal-ceramic FGM according to claim 1 is characterized in that the edm of metal level in the step 2, gradient layer and ceramic layer is carried out according to the following steps: a, metal level edm; Edm process discharges heat, forms high temperature spark discharge zone, realizes that the quick erosion of metal layer material removes; B, gradient layer edm; A large amount of heat that the metal level edm produces is decomposed the kerosene working solution; Under the positive polarity processing conditions, form one deck carbonaceous conductive film at work surface, produced simultaneously high-temperature activation the gradient layer material; The gradient layer surface temperature is risen rapidly, and material melts rapidly even gasifies; C, ceramic layer discharge processing; Along with processing is carried out; From the kerosene working solution, decompose the carbon granule deposition of coming out and be adsorbed on the ceramic layer work surface; Constantly form new conducting film; After gradient layer was penetrated by discharge, the processing of ceramic layer relied on the conducting film of continuous generation to guarantee that edm continues to carry out fully, until the processing of accomplishing the size that requires.
4. according to claim 1 or 3 described a kind of self-induction electric discharge machining methods, it is characterized in that tool-electrode in the step 2 is rotating cylindrical electrode or rotary forming electrode not to the metal-ceramic FGM.
5. a kind of self-induction electric discharge machining method to the metal-ceramic FGM according to claim 4 is characterized in that in the step 2, utilizes kerosene to wash away that machining area is realized immersion liquid and towards the compound working solution supply mode of liquid.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103342913A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Conductive coating material for insulating-ceramic electrosparking technology and method for preparing auxiliary electrode by the conductive coating material |
| CN103433576A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Self-inductive-internal flushing liquid electric spark processing method for metal with insulating ceramic coating |
| CN104028861A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Electrical discharge machining level-by-level self-adaptive fuzzy control method of metal-ceramic functionally graded material |
| CN105195840A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-30 | 佛山市铬维科技有限公司 | Control method of electrical discharge machining power supply capable of realizing automatic boosting |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103342913A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-09 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Conductive coating material for insulating-ceramic electrosparking technology and method for preparing auxiliary electrode by the conductive coating material |
| CN103342913B (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2015-07-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Conductive coating material for insulating-ceramic electrosparking technology and method for preparing auxiliary electrode by the conductive coating material |
| CN103433576A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Self-inductive-internal flushing liquid electric spark processing method for metal with insulating ceramic coating |
| CN103433576B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-10-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of self-induction-Nei of insulative ceramic coatings metal rushes liquid electric discharge machining method |
| CN104028861A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-09-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Electrical discharge machining level-by-level self-adaptive fuzzy control method of metal-ceramic functionally graded material |
| CN104028861B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-08-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of metal-ceramic FGM spark machined adaptive fuzzy control method step by step |
| CN105195840A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-30 | 佛山市铬维科技有限公司 | Control method of electrical discharge machining power supply capable of realizing automatic boosting |
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