CN100519031C - Non-conducting material electric spark milling method - Google Patents
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种非导电材料电火花铣削方法，属于机械加工领域。加工时，正、负工具电极分别与脉冲电源的正、负极相连，正、负工具电极为管状结构，被同轴安装在一起，两极间被一绝缘介质层隔开；导电液从内工具电极的中心孔流向沿非导电材料的表面，它在流经正、负工具电极的端部时，引起火花放电，由放电时产生的瞬时高温、高压作用来蚀除加工非导电材料；主轴头可以带动正、负工具电极做旋转和Z方向的运动，被加工的非导电材料工件安装在X、Y移动工作台上，由主轴头和工作台之间的联动，来实现对复杂形状非导电材料工件的电火花铣削加工。本发明的非导电材料电火花铣削方法具有加工效率高、表面质量好、对环境无污染等优点。
The invention relates to an electric spark milling method for non-conductive materials, which belongs to the field of mechanical processing. During processing, the positive and negative tool electrodes are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the pulse power supply. The positive and negative tool electrodes are tubular structures and are coaxially installed together. The two poles are separated by an insulating medium layer; the conductive liquid flows from the inner tool electrode The central hole flows along the surface of the non-conductive material. When it flows through the ends of the positive and negative tool electrodes, spark discharge is caused, and the non-conductive material is etched by the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated during the discharge; the spindle head can Drive the positive and negative tool electrodes to rotate and move in the Z direction. The processed non-conductive material workpiece is installed on the X, Y movable worktable, and the linkage between the spindle head and the worktable is used to realize the complex shape of the non-conductive material. EDM machining of workpieces. The electric spark milling method of the non-conductive material of the invention has the advantages of high processing efficiency, good surface quality, no pollution to the environment and the like.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于机械加工领域，涉及一种非导电材料电火花铣削方法。The invention belongs to the field of mechanical processing and relates to an electric spark milling method for non-conductive materials.
背景技术 Background technique
目前，国内外学者研究较多的非导电材料电加工方法主要有：电解电火花复合加工、辅助电极加工、高压电火花加工等方法。At present, the electrical machining methods of non-conductive materials studied by scholars at home and abroad mainly include: electrolytic EDM composite machining, auxiliary electrode machining, high-voltage EDM and other methods.
非导电难加工材料电火花加工技术的研究与开发是当今电加工技术领域的一个研究热点。目前，国内外学者多集中于研究非导电难加工材料电解电火花复合加工技术，该种加工技术是利用电解液中的火花放电作用进行加工的，加工时工具电极接脉冲电源的负极，辅助电极接脉冲电源的正极，当两极间加上脉冲电压时，由电化学作用，在工具电极表面产生气泡，通过此气泡使工具电极表面与电解液间形成高的电位梯度，引起火花放电，由放电时的瞬时高温及冲击波等作用来达到蚀除非导电材料的目的。该种加工方法存在效率低、能耗大、加工精度低、表面质量差，同时加工过程中还排出有害电解气体，加工环境较差等问题。针对通常的非导电难加工材料电解电火花复合加工技术存在效率低、能耗大等问题，刘永红提出了充气电解电火花复合加工技术，该加工技术的生产率虽有较大的提高，但应用于实际生产仍显较低，其加工精度和表面质量都较差，同时加工过程中还排出有害电解气体，加工环境较差。The research and development of EDM technology for non-conductive and difficult-to-machine materials is a research hotspot in the field of EDM technology. At present, scholars at home and abroad are mostly focusing on the electrolytic EDM composite machining technology for non-conductive and difficult-to-machine materials. This kind of machining technology uses the spark discharge in the electrolyte for machining. The positive pole connected to the pulse power supply, when the pulse voltage is applied between the two poles, bubbles will be generated on the surface of the tool electrode by electrochemical action, and a high potential gradient will be formed between the surface of the tool electrode and the electrolyte through the bubbles, causing spark discharge. Instantaneous high temperature and shock waves are used to achieve the purpose of eroding non-conductive materials. This kind of processing method has problems such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, low processing precision, poor surface quality, harmful electrolytic gas is discharged during processing, and the processing environment is poor. Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and high energy consumption in the usual electrolytic EDM composite machining technology for non-conductive and difficult-to-machine materials, Liu Yonghong proposed the gas-filled electrolytic EDM composite machining technology. Although the productivity of this processing technology has been greatly improved, it is applied to The actual production is still relatively low, and its processing accuracy and surface quality are poor. At the same time, harmful electrolytic gas is discharged during the processing process, and the processing environment is poor.
辅助电极电火花加工法把一个金属片或金属网预先放置在非导电材料的表面上作为辅助电极，当工具电极放电打穿辅助电极后，在非导电材料表面上形成一层碳化导电层，使工件表面具有导电性，工具电极与新形成的导电层之间产生放电，在蚀除旧导电层的同时，产生新的导电层，从而实现对非导电材料的电火花加工；此后，人们又采用在非导电材料的表面上镀敷金属、涂敷导电涂料等来形成导电层的方法，实现了非导电材料的电火花加工，但其加工效率和精度均较低。The auxiliary electrode EDM method pre-places a metal sheet or metal mesh on the surface of the non-conductive material as an auxiliary electrode. When the tool electrode discharges through the auxiliary electrode, a layer of carbonized conductive layer is formed on the surface of the non-conductive material. The surface of the workpiece is conductive, and a discharge is generated between the tool electrode and the newly formed conductive layer. When the old conductive layer is etched away, a new conductive layer is generated, thereby realizing the EDM of non-conductive materials; The method of forming a conductive layer by plating metal on the surface of a non-conductive material, coating a conductive paint, etc., realizes the electric discharge machining of a non-conductive material, but its processing efficiency and accuracy are low.
高压电火花加工是在尖电极与平板电极间放入绝缘的工件，两极间加以直流或工频交流高电压，使尖电极附近的空气被击穿，发生辉光放电蚀除。由于两极间存在寄生电容，把电源变为高频或脉冲性，可以流过较大的辉光电流。它所使用的高压高频电源的电压为5000～6000伏，最高电压为12000伏，频率为数十千Hz到数十兆Hz。该种加工方法仅可用于浅孔的加工，且所加工孔的表面较粗糙。High-voltage EDM is to put an insulating workpiece between the pointed electrode and the flat electrode, and apply a DC or power frequency AC high voltage between the two electrodes, so that the air near the pointed electrode is broken down, and glow discharge erosion occurs. Due to the parasitic capacitance between the two poles, the power supply becomes high-frequency or pulsed, and a large glow current can flow. The voltage of the high-voltage and high-frequency power supply it uses is 5000-6000 volts, the highest voltage is 12000 volts, and the frequency is tens of kilohertz to tens of megahertz. This kind of processing method can only be used for the processing of shallow holes, and the surface of the processed holes is relatively rough.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种非导电料电火花铣削方法，开发高效、实用的非导电材料电火花铣削加工技术，解决非导电难加工材料的加工效率低、成本高等问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a non-conductive material electric spark milling method, develop efficient and practical non-conductive material electric spark milling processing technology, and solve the problems of low processing efficiency and high cost of non-conductive difficult-to-machine materials.
本发明的原理是：正、负工具电极分别与脉冲电源的正、负极相连；正、负工具电极为管状结构，被同轴安装在一起，两极间被一绝缘介质层隔开；导电液从内工具电极的中心孔流向非导电材料的表面，在导电液沿流经正、负工具电极的端部时，引起火花放电，由放电时产生的瞬时高温、高压作用来蚀除加工非导电材料；由正、负工具电极组成的工具电极头被安装在主轴头上，主轴头可以带动工具电极头做旋转运动和Z方向的移动，被加工的非导电材料工件安装在X、Y移动工作台上，由主轴头和工作台之间的联动，来实现对复杂形状非导电材料工件的电火花铣削加工。The principle of the present invention is: the positive and negative tool electrodes are respectively connected with the positive and negative poles of the pulse power supply; The central hole of the inner tool electrode flows to the surface of the non-conductive material. When the conductive liquid flows along the ends of the positive and negative tool electrodes, spark discharge is caused, and the non-conductive material is etched away by the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated during the discharge. ; The tool electrode head composed of positive and negative tool electrodes is installed on the spindle head, and the spindle head can drive the tool electrode head to rotate and move in the Z direction. The processed non-conductive material workpiece is installed on the X, Y moving table On the other hand, the EDM machining of workpieces with complex shapes and non-conductive materials is realized by the linkage between the spindle head and the worktable.
本发明具有如下优点：The present invention has the following advantages:
1.利用流经正、负工具电极端面的导电液在非导电材料表面引起的火花放电作用产生的瞬时高温、高压来蚀除加工非导电材料，可以加工各种非导电的难加工材料。1. Use the conductive liquid flowing through the positive and negative tool electrode end faces to generate instantaneous high temperature and high pressure on the surface of non-conductive materials caused by spark discharge to etch and process non-conductive materials, and can process various non-conductive difficult-to-machine materials.
2.通过调整火花放电参数，可以在同一台机床上实现对非导电材料的粗、中、精加工。2. By adjusting the spark discharge parameters, the rough, medium and finish machining of non-conductive materials can be realized on the same machine tool.
3.在非导电材料电火花铣削过程中，正、负工具电极与工件间的宏观作用力很小，可以方便地实现对复杂低刚度非导电材料零件的加工。3. In the process of EDM milling of non-conductive materials, the macroscopic force between the positive and negative tool electrodes and the workpiece is very small, which can easily realize the processing of complex low-rigidity non-conductive material parts.
4.采用无电解作用的水基导电液作电火花铣削工作液，加工过程不产生电解作用，避免了电解电火花复合加工方法存在的加工环境差、易锈蚀机床的问题。4. The water-based conductive fluid without electrolysis is used as the working fluid for EDM milling, and no electrolysis occurs during the processing, which avoids the problems of poor processing environment and easy corrosion of machine tools in the electrolytic EDM composite processing method.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为依据本发明所设计出的非导电材料电火花铣削方法的系统构成图。Fig. 1 is a system configuration diagram of the electrical discharge milling method for non-conductive materials designed according to the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
参见图1。本发明的非导电材料电火花铣削方法的系统构成图中，1是数字控制系统，主要用于速度、位移和加工参数等的控制；2是正工具电极，与脉冲电源的正极相连，通过绝缘隔套被安装在负工具电极上，可随负工具电极做旋转运动和Z方向的移动；3是负工具电极，与脉冲电源的负极相连，被安装在主轴头上，可随主轴头做旋转运动和Z方向的移动；4是连接数控系统与主轴直流伺服电动机的导线，为直流伺服电机提供检测与控制回路；5是主轴系统，其上装有主轴头、可驱动主轴头做Z方向移动的直流伺服电动机和可驱动主轴做旋转运动的直流电动机，在伺服控制系统的控制下，主轴头带动工具电极头做旋转运动和Z方向的移动；6是导电液，是以石墨为导电介质配制而成的，加工时导电液由负工具电极的内孔注入非导电材料的表面，在导电液流经正、负工具电极端部时引起火花放电，由放电时产生的瞬时高温、高压作用来蚀除加工非导电材料；7是连接脉冲电源的负极与负工具电极的导线，提供电火花铣削加工时的电流通路；8是脉冲电源，提供电火花放电铣削过程中所需要的脉冲电能；9是连接脉冲电源的正极与正工具电极的导线，提供电火花铣削加工时的电流通路；10是绝缘隔套，用于隔离正、负工具电极；11是被加工的非导电材料工件；12是海绵擦头，用于向非导电工件材料表面刷涂导电液，创造工件表面的导电条件；13X、Y方向移动工作台，在数控系统的控制作用下，带动工件做X、Y方向移动；14是连接数控系统与X、Y方向移动工作台的直流伺服电动机的导线，为X、Y直流伺服电机提供检测与控制回路。加工时，内工具电极中心孔中的导电液通过海绵擦头被刷涂在非导电工件材料工件的表面上，导电液沿非导电材料表面流经正、负工具电极的端部时，引起火花放电，由放电时产生的瞬时高温、高压作用来蚀除加工非导电材料。See Figure 1. In the system composition diagram of the electric spark milling method for non-conductive materials of the present invention, 1 is a digital control system, which is mainly used for the control of speed, displacement and processing parameters, etc.; The sleeve is installed on the negative tool electrode, which can rotate and move in the Z direction with the negative tool electrode; 3 is the negative tool electrode, which is connected to the negative pole of the pulse power supply and is installed on the spindle head, which can rotate with the spindle head and the movement in the Z direction; 4 is the wire connecting the CNC system and the spindle DC servo motor, providing a detection and control circuit for the DC servo motor; 5 is the spindle system, which is equipped with a spindle head, which can drive the spindle head to move in the Z direction. The servo motor and the DC motor that can drive the spindle to rotate. Under the control of the servo control system, the spindle head drives the tool electrode head to rotate and move in the Z direction; 6 is the conductive liquid, which is made of graphite as the conductive medium During processing, the conductive liquid is injected into the surface of the non-conductive material from the inner hole of the negative tool electrode, and spark discharge is caused when the conductive liquid flows through the ends of the positive and negative tool electrodes, which are etched away by the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated during the discharge. Processing of non-conductive materials; 7 is the wire connecting the negative pole of the pulse power supply and the negative tool electrode, providing the current path during EDM; 8 is the pulse power supply, providing the pulse electric energy required in the EDM process; 9 is the connection The positive electrode of the pulse power supply and the wire of the positive tool electrode provide a current path during EDM; 10 is an insulating spacer for isolating the positive and negative tool electrodes; 11 is the processed non-conductive material workpiece; 12 is a sponge wiper The head is used to brush the conductive liquid on the surface of the non-conductive workpiece material to create conductive conditions on the surface of the workpiece; 13 is to move the worktable in the X and Y directions, and under the control of the numerical control system, it drives the workpiece to move in the X and Y directions; 14 is the connection The wires of the numerical control system and the DC servo motors that move the worktable in the X and Y directions provide detection and control circuits for the X and Y DC servo motors. During processing, the conductive liquid in the center hole of the inner tool electrode is brushed on the surface of the non-conductive workpiece material through the sponge wipe head, and when the conductive liquid flows along the surface of the non-conductive material through the ends of the positive and negative tool electrodes, sparks are caused Discharge, by the instantaneous high temperature and high pressure generated during discharge to etch and process non-conductive materials.
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| CN102275021B (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2014-05-07 | 北京迪蒙吉意超硬材料技术有限公司 | Device and method for machining high pressure electric spark beam capable of rotating workpiece |
| EP2756904B1 (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2017-03-29 | Agie Charmilles SA | Electrical discharge milling machine |
| CN106180923B (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2018-08-21 | 首都航天机械公司 | A kind of micro three-dimensional structure electric spark milling process method |
| CN105234508B (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2018-09-25 | 四川明日宇航工业有限责任公司 | A kind of high temperature alloy electric router cutting method |
| CN106863623B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2019-01-22 | 广东工业大学 | A device for electric discharge turning of insulating materials |
| CN106863624B (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2019-01-25 | 广东工业大学 | A device for electric discharge milling insulating material |
| EP3421164B1 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2020-04-22 | MTA Számítástechnikai és Automatizálási Kutató Intézet | Method for micro-electro-discharge machining of ceramic workpieces |
| CN107363350B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2023-07-18 | 天津科技大学 | Non-contact EDM system |
| CN112475491B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-02-22 | 大连工业大学 | Bipolar electrode electric spark machining device and method suitable for insulating hard and brittle materials |
| CN114012191A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-08 | 大连工业大学 | A device and method for electric spark grinding of bipolar grinding wheels suitable for insulating hard and brittle materials |
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