CN102524698A - Method for preparing pumpkin dietary fiber - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing pumpkin dietary fiber. Pumpkin powder and water are mixed according to mass ratio of 1:20-60 and then extracted at the temperature of 40 DEG C for 90-180 minutes, and an ultra-filtration membrane of 10 kD is utilized to perform membrane filtration to supernatant to collect concentrated solution which is not filtered by the membrane. Filter residues are autoclaved for 10-40 minutes at the temperature of 40 DEG C and at 15-25 atmospheric pressure to obtain autoclaved filter residues, high pressure homogenization treatment is further performed to the autoclaved filter residues for 5-15 times at the high pressure of 6-12 MPa and at room temperature, each time requires 3-5 minutes, obtained homogeneous substance is mixed with the concentrated solution, and mixture is dried to obtain the pumpkin dietary fiber. A pumpkin dietary fiber product manufactured by the method contains more than 80% of total dietary fiber and more than15% of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and has excellent water-holding capacity, expansibility, sodium nitrite adsorption performance and the like.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber.
(2) background technology
Pumpkin, formal name used at school Cucurbita moschata Duch, another name pumpkin, food melon etc. are the annual climing property herbaceous plant that blade has hickie, carpopodium five prismatics in Curcurbitaceae, the Cucurbita.Often be divided into three major types according to different its cultivation kinds of proterties kind: musky gourd (C.moschata Duch), giant pumpkin (C.maxima Duch) and american pumpkin (C.pepo L.).Pumpkin all has plantation all over the world at present, and its cultivated area is maximum with the Asia, secondly is Europe and South America (Harry S.1989).China is self-evident just to introduce, and plantation is all arranged from south to north, distributes the widest with areas such as North China, northeast, northwest, Central China, southwest, Taiwan especially.
The pumpkin well developed root system, power of regeneration is strong, has than the strong drought resistant ability, cultivate rough, growth rapidly, disease and pest is few, soil is required not tight, suits very much to plant in the mountain area.Simultaneously pumpkin is again a kind of nutritious, vegetables that the food medicine has both.And unique, Ancient Times in China just has pair record of pumpkin food therapy health effect to the nutritional labeling of pumpkin comprehensively.Record in the traditional Chinese medical science history records " the southern regions of the Yunnan Province book on Chinese herbal medicine ": " pumpkin is warm in nature, flavor is sweet nontoxic, goes into spleen, stomach two warps, can moistening lung qi-benefitting, the apocenosis of reducing phlegm, expelling parasite detoxifcation, control diseases such as cough, asthma, lung carbuncle, constipation ", and think that pumpkin can " walk crosswise channels and collaterals, diuresis ".In Compendium of Material Medica, Li Mingzhen puts pumpkin and glossy ganoderma together, says that it has the effect of " bowl spares, tonifying liver gas, the beneficial motive, beneficial lung qi, beneficial vital essence ".All prolonged illness deficiency of vital energys, weakness of the spleen and the stomach, disease see that shortness of breath and lassitude, the few abdominal distension of food, oedema oliguria person should use.Result of study in recent years also shows; The nutritional labeling of pumpkin is comprehensive and unique; With the musky gourd is example; Its nutritional labeling is moisture 90.24%, protein 0.65%, fat 0.13%, carbohydrate 8.23% (wherein crude fibre 2.15%), ash content 0.73%, also contains abundant carrotene, V simultaneously
B, V
C, V
E, mineral matter such as arginine, asparatate, adenine, pectin, sweet mellow wine, phylloerythrin, lutein and calcium, potassium, zinc, chromium.Total carbohydrates accounts for more than 82% of fructification dry weight in the pumpkin, and wherein pectin content accounts for the 7%-17% of dried pumpkin material, is a kind of dietary fiber source of high-quality.
Dietary fiber be meant in the human small intestine, can not digest and assimilate and in large intestine the general name of the vegetalitas edible part of fermentation or similar carbohydrate wholly or in part; Dietary fiber comprises polysaccharide, oligosaccharides, lignin and corresponding plants composition; Dietary fiber is to defaecation, (or) reducing blood lipid, (or) hypoglycemicly have a useful physiological function.Dietary fiber can be divided into water insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) two parts.The dietary fiber 99% that nature exists is IDF, SDF different with the effect of IDF in diet (following tables 1).IDF mainly acts on enteron aisle and produces the mechanical creeping effect, and SDF then more brings into play metabolic function, as influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.The proportion of composing of dietary fiber has very big influence to its function, scholars such as U.S. Leitz suggestion, and SDF content reached and is only high-quality dietary fiber more than 10% during dietary fiber was formed, otherwise can only be known as inserts type dietary fiber.The physiologically active of dietary fiber and functional character are by the structures shape of dietary fiber after all, with distinct methods dietary fiber are carried out modification, change its network structure, can make it have better physiological action.
The physiological function of table 1 IDF and SDF
| Physiological function | Soluble dietary fiber | Insoluble diedairy fiber |
| Chew the time | Shorten | Prolong |
| Gastric transit time | Prolong | Slightly prolong |
| Variation to pH value in the intestines | Reduce | Do not have |
| With combining of bile acid | Do not combine | In conjunction with |
| Fermentability | Higher | Extremely |
| Emplastic in the intestines | Increase | Slightly increase |
| The stool amount | Relation is little | Increase |
| Serum cholesterol | Descend | Constant |
| Food back cholesterol | Suppress to rise | Constant |
| Colorectal cancer | Not obvious | Prevention effect is arranged |
Contain many hydrophilic radicals in the chemical constitution of dietary fiber, have good retentiveness, make it have absorbent function and the effect of prevention intestines problem, reduced the holdup time of harmful components in enteron aisle.Dietary fiber can close organic compound (organic molecules such as courage such as juice acid, cholesterol, mutagen) by huge legendary turtle, makes it have adsorb organic compound function and angiocardiopathy preventing effect.Comprise the hydroxyl and the hydroxyl side-chain radical of some uronic acids in the dietary fiber structure, can carry out reversible exchange with cation, this physicochemical characteristic makes it have ion exchanging function and hypotensive activity.A large amount of experiment confirms, dietary fiber can with Ca, Zn, Cu, cations such as Pb exchange.But this type of is exchanged for reversible, and preferentially exchanges harmful ion such as Pb, and adsorbed harmful ion on dietary fiber can be discharged with ight soil, thereby produces detoxication.
Dietary fiber has drainage and the detoxication that improves the intestinal flora function and quicken noxious material.After the dietary fiber that SNSP is formed in the dietary fiber arrives small intestine through esophagus,, 100～200 kinds of total amounts are arranged about 100 * 10 in the large intestine breeding because it is not directly got into large intestine by human consumption enzyme decomposition and absorption
6Individual bacterium.Wherein quite a few is a beneficial bacterium, and these bacteriums can be that metabolism is carried out in nutrition with the part dietary fiber, and not being merely flora provides and breed required energy, and produces a large amount of SCFAs, is bringing into play important physiological action.In addition, after can not also can being absorbed water, expand, increase weight by the dietary fiber of flora fermentation, excrete, make that ight soil is moistening, soft, amount is many, smooth surface time of staying shortening in large intestine in company with the residue of fermentable fibres form with ight soil.
The intake of the total dietary fiber that U.S. FDA is recommended is adult 20-35g/d, and it is 22-24g/d that the intake of everyone dietary fiber is recommended by Canada.Chinese Soclety of Nutrition proposed in 2000, the suitable 30.2g/d that takes in of adult's dietary fiber.In American-European market; The food that is rich in water-soluble dietary fiber is very welcome, and dietary fiber based food in 2002 is sold the America and Europe and surpassed 35,000,000,000 dollars, and Japan is with American-European the same; Dietary fiber food also very in vogue, the year of dietary fiber based food is sold nearly 10,000,000,000 dollars.In China, show that according to residents ' health investigation in 2002 daily intaking amount of adult's dietary fiber is merely 18.7g; 30.2g well below Chinese Soclety of Nutrition's suggestion; Investigation in 2004 shows again, and China's overweight rate of being grown up has reached 22.8% (about 200,000,000 people), and the dyslipidemia illness rate reaches 18.6% (about 1.6 hundred million people); Overweight and dyslipidemia crowd are in rapid rising, and the deficiency that dietary fiber is taken in is one of major reason that causes modern disease.
Western developed country is just set about the research and development to dietary fiber as far back as the seventies, and American and Britain, moral, method have formed certain industry size, and occupies a tiny space at food products market.The U.S. has set up dietary fiber association (USDA).Make things convenient in the cereal foods selling 6,000,000,000 dollars year, about 20% is to be rich in the dietary fiber functional food.The scientists of the U.S. is used Modern High-Tech's means, is that raw material has been succeeded in developing " golden paddy fiber king " with the golden car Qiangu of the whole America palm fibre of the highest excellence.The fiber that it contains up to 80% is 5 to 8 times of the known oat that contains high fiber of people.This fiber diet developed regions such as fast fashionable America and Europe very after the U.S. comes out.It is reported that the America and Europe, the year of edible cellulose sells and reached 10,000,000,000 dollars.
China is the major country of planting pumpkin in the world, and constantly releases the improved seeds of per mu yield up to ten thousand kilograms of 1.5-2.But pumpkin planting pumpkin major part only has the pumpkin fruit less than 30% to be used for food processing with edible in order to obtain pumpkin at present, and nearly 70% pulp have to be let alone to rot because of transporting outward to sell with processing, causes the significant wastage of food resource, and is very unfortunate.Therefore, utilize the pumpkin resource of China's abundant, carry out modification and handle, the nutritive value and the medical value of further excavation pumpkin dietary fiber had practical significance containing a large amount of dietary fibers in the pulp that produces in fresh pumpkin and the pumpkin production process.
At present, the method for dietary fiber modification has a variety of, and dietary fiber modification commonly used is handled has biological technique method (enzyme process, fermentation method), chemical treatment (mainly containing acid system, alkaline process) and physics method (mechanical degradation facture).Various method of modifying respectively have characteristics to the separate sources dietary fiber; The present invention adopts two high pressure (autoclaving combines high-pressure homogeneous) to combine the vacuum microwave method to handle insoluble diedairy fiber simultaneously; And with the water-soluble dietary fiber merging of adopting the ultra technology of filter to obtain; To obtain high level and high-quality pumpkin dietary fiber, realize the new utilization of processing after pumpkin is adopted.
(3) summary of the invention
It is raw material with the pumpkin that the object of the invention provides a kind of; Utilize ultrafiltration, autoclaving to combine high-pressure homogeneous and vacuum microwave treatment process; The pumpkin dietary fiber is carried out physical modification; Increasing its soluble dietary fibre content, and further improve the method for physicochemical properties such as its hydratability, adsorptivity.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
A kind of preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber, said method is: the dry pumpkin fruit of skin is removed through mechanical disintegration in (1), crosses 100 mesh sieves, gets the pumpkin powder; (2) the pumpkin powder is mixed according to mass ratio 1: 20～60 with water, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 90～180min, that leaching liquor is centrifugal; The filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant and the lixiviate, the filter residue after the lixiviate is lixiviate 1 time again under similarity condition, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant and the secondary lixiviate; Merge supernatant twice; Supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the milipore filter of 10kD, collect the concentrate of filtration membrane not (when being meant ultrafiltration not the macromolecular substances through milipore filter), subsequent use; (3) filter residue after the secondary lixiviate that step (2) is obtained is at 115～135 ℃; Autoclaving 10～40min under 15～25 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving, then with the filter residue after the autoclaving further under pressure 6～12MPa condition; High-pressure homogeneous processing is 5～15 times under the room temperature (20 ± 2 ℃); Each 3～5min that handles obtains the equal pledge after the homogenization processing, and the concentrate of equal pledge with the not filtration membrane of step (2) collection mixed; Mixture is dry, obtain said pumpkin food fibre powder.
Further, the said pumpkin powder of preferred steps (2) mixes according to mass ratio 1: 40～50 with water.
The said extraction time of said step (2) is preferably 150min.
Preferably, the filter residue after the said secondary lixiviate of step (3) is at 120～125 ℃, autoclaving 20～30min under 20 atmospheric pressure.
Further, under pressure 8～10MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 6～8 times under the room temperature, handles 3～5min at every turn with the filter residue after the autoclaving for step (3), the equal pledge after the acquisition homogenization processing.
The said microwave vacuum of step (3) is handled and is meant at microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 1kW, and vacuum is under 35～45mmHg, dry 5～10 minutes, obtains said pumpkin food fibre powder.
Further, the preparation method of said pumpkin dietary fiber recommends to carry out according to the following steps: the dry pumpkin fruit of skin is removed through mechanical disintegration in (1), crosses 100 mesh sieves, gets the pumpkin powder; (2) the pumpkin powder is mixed according to mass ratio with water at 1: 50, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 150min, that leaching liquor is centrifugal; The filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant and the lixiviate; Filter residue after the lixiviate is lixiviate 1 time again under similarity condition, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant twice; Supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; (3) filter residue after the secondary lixiviate that step (2) is obtained is at 125 ℃, and autoclaving 20min under 20 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving; Then with the filter residue after the autoclaving further under pressure 8MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 10 times under the room temperature, handles 4min at every turn; Obtain the equal pledge after the homogenization processing; The concentrate of the not filtration membrane that equal pledge and step (2) are collected mixes, with mixture at microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 1kW; Vacuum is to carry out micro-wave vacuum under 35～45mmHg condition to handle 5～10min, obtains said pumpkin food fibre powder.
Remove the dry pumpkin fruit of skin in the inventive method through mechanical disintegration, cross 60～100 mesh sieves all can, the pumpkin powder that preferred mistake 100 mesh sieves obtain.
Poly (ether sulfone) film with 10kD of the present invention carries out membrane filtration; The preferred tangential flow filtration technology that adopts; Be liquid flow direction and filtering direction filtered version in vertical direction, filtering with respect to the vertical current of routine has the rate of filtration that can keep stable, can circulate continuously and filter and do not form on the film surface characteristics of gel layer.
The present invention is a raw material with the pumpkin, utilizes ultrafiltration, autoclaving to combine high-pressure homogeneous and vacuum microwave treatment process, and the pumpkin dietary fiber is carried out physical modification.But the technical essential of invention is the hyperfiltration treatment maximum possible and obtains pumpkin water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF); Autoclaving combines high-pressure homogeneous and the vacuum microwave treatment process is handled pumpkin water insoluble dietary fiber (IDF); Increase SDF content; And pumpkin IDF active group is fully exposed, effectively improve characteristics such as its hydratability and adsorptivity.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in:
(1) products made thereby is a high dietary-fiber, low fat, (removing the small molecular sugar class) low in calories, and wherein total dietary fiber content can be up to more than 80%, and SDF content reaches more than 15%, excellent performances such as retention ability, expansive force, absorption natrium nitrosum;
(2) to pumpkin IDF characteristics; At first make pumpkin IDF tissue looseness through the autoclaving technology, physicochemical properties such as retention ability, expansive force and dissolubility have certain change, and then through cavitation, turbulent flow, collision effect and the shear action of high pressure homogenization technique moment generation the granularity of pumpkin IDF particle are changed; Thereby make its physicochemical property generation basic change; Part IDF is converted into SDF, and the SDF/IDF value increases, and has improved the functional characteristic of pumpkin IDF; The present invention adopts autoclaving to combine high-pressure homogeneous modification technology; And the modification material is passed through vacuum microwave again handle; Further improve SDF content; Whole technical process is that simple physical method changes molecular composition ratio and the physics and chemistry structure thereof of pumpkin IDF and then influences its functional characteristic, the pumpkin dietary fiber nutrient of acquisition, safe, pollution-free fully;
(3) adopt hyperfiltration treatment to obtain pumpkin SDF, adopt autoclaving to combine high-pressure homogeneous and the vacuum microwave treatment process carries out physics to pumpkin IDF and changes life, make final products free from extraneous odour, sensory properties good; SDF content is high, and the SDF/IDF value can increase by 5.12 times; Retention ability through physical modification pumpkin dietary fiber reaches 8.86g/g; Expansive force 10.91mL/g, natrium nitrosum adhesion 172.34 μ g/g; The dietary fiber that obtains than traditional direct employing hot water treatment has improved 3.11 times, 2.20 times, 1.07 times respectively; These process conditions are gentle, and environmental protection meets the health care food production requirement.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 nitrite ion calibration curve and linear equation
(5) specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this:
Embodiment 1
1 material and reagent
Pumpkin (providing) by the Zhejiang Province next gloomy pollution-free industry of richness group company.Before the use, remove the peel, remove flesh, dry naturally after the chopping, mechanical disintegration, screening order number is 100 purpose samples, and is subsequent use.
Total dietary fiber is measured kit (TDF 100A-1KT is available from Sigma-Aldrich), and it is pure that natrium nitrosum, benzinum, NaOH, sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phenolphthalein, citric acid etc. are analysis.
2 laboratory apparatus
The double-deck constant temperature shaking table of pulverizer, AL04 type electronic balance, DELTA-320 type pH meter, HH-2 type water-bath, ZHENGFCHEN, DHG-9240A type air dry oven, DL-5M centrifuge (join and change rotary head), 85-Z magnetic stirring apparatus, T6 new century spectrophotometer, muffle furnace, clear up stove, dietary fiber is measured system's (comprising CSF6, MULTISTIRRER6 and GDE enzymic digestion assembly, available from Italian VELP SCIENTIFICACo.).
3 experimental techniques
3.1 the pumpkin dietary fiber prepares route
(1) get fresh pumpkin and remove the peel, remove flesh, dry naturally after the chopping, mechanical disintegration is crossed 100 mesh sieves, obtains the pumpkin powder; (2) get step (1) pumpkin powder 40g, add 2000mL water and mix, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 150min; Centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 720mL and the lixiviate, the filter residue after the lixiviate extracts under similarity condition 1 time again; The filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 690mL and the secondary lixiviate; Merge supernatant twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane (mainly being the macromolecular substances that did not have film); Obtain the 170mL concentrate, subsequent use; (3) filter residue after the secondary lixiviate that obtains of step (2) is at 125 ℃, and autoclaving 20min under 20 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving; Then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put in the high pressure homogenizer (NS1001L, Italy), under pressure 8MPa condition; 4min is handled in down high-pressure homogeneous processing 10 times of room temperature (20 ℃) at every turn, obtains the equal pledge after the homogenization processing; The concentrate of the not filtration membrane that equal pledge and step (2) are collected mixes, and mixture is carried out microwave vacuum handle, promptly at microwave frequency 2450MHz; Microwave power 1kW, vacuum is 45mmHg, dry 8min; Make pumpkin dietary fiber 28.36g, the main component of pumpkin dietary fiber sees the following form shown in 2.
3.2 constituent analysis
Moisture: with reference to GB/T5009.3-2010; Dietary fiber content: with reference to AOAC Official Method 985.29/991.42, SDF (%)=TDF (%)-IDF (%) wherein.
3.3 performance evaluation
Expansive force: get 1.000g (M
0) sample (the pumpkin dietary fiber of above-mentioned preparation) puts into the 10ml graduated cylinder, surveys dry powder volume V
0Get M again
1(about 0.1g) sample adds water to the 10ml place in graduated cylinder, with glass bar it is stirred, and it is fully contacted with water, and 37 ℃ leave standstill 24h (natural subsidence), the volume V after reading it and expanding
1, expansive force is: (M
0V
1-M
1V
0)/M
0M
1Unit: ml/g, the result sees shown in the table 5.
Retention ability: get 1.000g (M
1) sample places the 100ml beaker, adding distil water 50ml leaves standstill 2h under 37 ℃, mesh 0.75mm nylon net filter to anhydrous dripping, with residue move to claim on the balance sample weight in wet base M
2, retention ability is (M
2-M
1)/M
1, unit: g/g, the result sees shown in the table 5.
In conjunction with nitrite ion (NO
2 -) ability: get the 0.50g sample in the 100ml beaker, add 25ml 100 μ mol/L NaNO
2Solution, adjust pH to 2.0 places the shaking table of 200r/min, 37 ℃ of jolting 2h, the centrifugal 20min of 4000r/min gets supernatant 2ml, presses GB/T5009.33-2010 and measures NO in the solution
2 -Content, calibration curve is seen Fig. 1.According to NO before and after the reaction
2 -Concentration difference (state's calibration method, known in this field) calculate adsorbance, under similarity condition, do blank assay (sample replenishes with deionized water) simultaneously not add sample, the result sees shown in the table 3.
Comparative example 1
Get the 40g pumpkin powder (crossing 100 mesh sieves) of the foregoing description 1 method preparation, add 2000g water and mix, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 150min, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min; Obtain the filter residue after the lixiviate, the filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted 1 time more centrifugal 30min under the 3000r/min under similarity condition; Obtain the filter residue after the secondary lixiviate, with the filter residue after the secondary lixiviate at 125 ℃, autoclaving 20min under 20 atmospheric pressure; Filter residue after the acquisition autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer with the filter residue after the autoclaving, then under pressure 8MPa condition; 4min is handled in down high-pressure homogeneous processing 10 times of room temperature (20 ℃) at every turn, obtains the equal pledge after the homogenization processing; Equal pledge is carried out microwave vacuum handle, promptly at microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 1kW; Vacuum is 45mmHg, and dry 5min makes pumpkin dietary fiber 21.17g; Follow-up product composition and performance evaluation testing procedure and operation are all with embodiment 1, and the main component of pumpkin dietary fiber sees the following form shown in 2, and the performance indications of pumpkin dietary fiber see the following form shown in 3.
The main component (accounting for dry weight) of table 2 different disposal technology pumpkin dietary fiber
Can be known that by table 2 treatment process of pumpkin is very big to the influence of pumpkin soluble dietary fiber, two high pressure of combining ultrafiltration and vacuum microwave are handled the pumpkin soluble dietary fiber is increased greatly, and insoluble diedairy fiber changes little.Increase hyperfiltration treatment, soluble dietary fiber can increase by 1.55 times.
The performance indications of table 3 different disposal technology pumpkin dietary fiber
Can know by table 3; The treatment process of pumpkin is bigger to the performance impact of dietary fiber; Two high pressure of combining ultrafiltration and vacuum microwave are handled expansive force, the retention ability that can make the pumpkin dietary fiber and are combined the nitrite ion ability obviously to improve; Increase hyperfiltration treatment, the expansive force of pumpkin dietary fiber, retention ability and combination nitrite ion ability have improved 1.29 times, 1.21 times, 1.05 times respectively.And no matter the treatment process of pumpkin how, its retention ability is far above grain dietary fiber (2～5g/g).
Comparative example 2
Get the 40g pumpkin powder (crossing 100 mesh sieves) of the foregoing description 1 method preparation, add 2000g water and mix, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 150min; Centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min obtains the filter residue after the lixiviate, and the filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again; Filter residue after the lixiviate of acquisition secondary; Filter residue after the secondary lixiviate is adopted heated-air drying, and promptly heating 3.5h makes pumpkin dietary fiber 22.84g under 85 ℃ of conditions, and the composition of pumpkin dietary fiber and performance evaluation testing procedure and operation are with embodiment 1; The main component of pumpkin dietary fiber sees the following form shown in 4, and the performance indications of pumpkin dietary fiber see the following form shown in 5.
The main component (accounting for dry weight) of table 4 different disposal technology pumpkin dietary fiber
Can know by table 4; The treatment process of pumpkin is very big to the influence of pumpkin dietary fiber; Compare with traditional hot water treatment, two high pressure of combining ultrafiltration and vacuum microwave are handled pumpkin total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber are increased greatly, and insoluble diedairy fiber reduces.Wherein soluble dietary fiber can increase by 4.66 times, and the SDF/IDF value can increase by 5.12 times.
The performance indications of table 5 different disposal technology pumpkin dietary fiber
Can know by table 5; The treatment process of pumpkin is bigger to the performance impact of dietary fiber; Two high pressure of combining ultrafiltration and vacuum microwave are handled expansive force, the retention ability that can make the pumpkin dietary fiber and are combined the nitrite ion ability obviously to improve; Compare with traditional hot water treatment, the expansive force of pumpkin dietary fiber, retention ability and combination nitrite ion ability have improved 3.11 times, 2.20 times, 1.07 times respectively.
Comparative example 3
Get the 40g pumpkin powder (crossing 100 mesh sieves) of the foregoing description 1 method preparation, add 2000g water and mix, extract 150min down at 40 ℃; Centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 710mL and the lixiviate, the filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again; The filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 690mL and the secondary lixiviate; Merge supernatant twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane (mainly being the macromolecular substances of not crossing film); Get the 162mL concentrate, subsequent use.Filter residue after the secondary lixiviate is at 125 ℃, and autoclaving 20min under 20 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving; Then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer, under pressure 8MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 10 times under the room temperature; Each 4min that handles obtains the equal pledge after the homogenization processing, and equal pledge is mixed with the concentrate (162mL) of the not filtration membrane of above-mentioned collection; Mixture is carried out heated-air drying; Promptly 95 ℃ of dry 4h make pumpkin dietary fiber 28.06g, and follow-up product composition and performance evaluation testing procedure and operation are all with embodiment 1; The main component of pumpkin dietary fiber sees the following form shown in 6, and the performance indications of pumpkin dietary fiber see the following form shown in 7.
The main component (accounting for dry weight) of table 6 different disposal technology pumpkin dietary fiber
Can know that by table 6 treatment process of pumpkin is bigger to the influence of pumpkin soluble dietary fiber, increase the vacuum microwave processing pumpkin soluble dietary fiber is increased greatly that total dietary fiber changes little.Increase vacuum microwave and handle, soluble dietary fiber can increase by 1.38 times.
The performance indications of table 7 different disposal technology pumpkin dietary fiber
Can know by table 7; The treatment process of pumpkin is bigger to the performance impact of dietary fiber; Increase vacuum microwave and handle expansive force, the retention ability that can make the pumpkin dietary fiber and combine the nitrite ion ability to improve, expansive force, retention ability and combination nitrite ion ability have improved 1.22 times, 1.13 times, 1.03 times respectively.
Get the pumpkin powder 40g of mistake 100 mesh sieves of embodiment 1 method preparation, add 800g water and mix, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 90min; Centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 230mL and the lixiviate, the filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again; The filter residue after secondary supernatant 210mL and the secondary lixiviate; Merge supernatant twice, supernatant 440mL is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; Get the 85mL concentrate, subsequent use.Other operations and condition obtain pumpkin dietary fiber 25.67g, total dietary fiber content 84.26%, soluble dietary fibre content 14.16%, expansive force 8.87mL/g with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Get the pumpkin powder 40g of mistake 100 mesh sieves of embodiment 1 method preparation, add 2400g water and mix, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 180min; Centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 840mL and the lixiviate, the filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again; The filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 780mL and the secondary lixiviate; Merge supernatant 1620mL twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; Get the 180mL concentrate, subsequent use.Other operations and condition obtain pumpkin dietary fiber 27.87g, total dietary fiber content 88.19%, soluble dietary fibre content 16.12%, expansive force 9.78mL/g with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Get the pumpkin powder 40g of mistake 100 mesh sieves of embodiment 1 method preparation, add 2000mL water and mix, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 150min; Centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 730mL and the lixiviate, the filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again; The filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 680mL and the secondary lixiviate; Merge supernatant 1410mL twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; Get the 150mL concentrate, subsequent use.Filter residue after the secondary lixiviate is at 115 ℃, and autoclaving 30min under 25 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving; Then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer; Under pressure 6MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 15 times under the room temperature, handles 4min at every turn.Other operations and condition obtain pumpkin dietary fiber 27.15g, total dietary fiber content 87.05%, soluble dietary fibre content 15.24%, expansive force 9.18mL/g with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Get the pumpkin powder 40g of mistake 100 mesh sieves of embodiment 1 method preparation, add 2000mL water and mix, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 150min; Centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 730mL and the lixiviate, the filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again; The filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 680mL and the secondary lixiviate; Merge supernatant 1410mL twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; Get the 150mL concentrate, subsequent use.Filter residue after the secondary lixiviate is at 135 ℃, and autoclaving 40min under 15 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving; Then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer; Under pressure 10MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 8 times under the room temperature, handles 4min at every turn.Other operations and condition obtain pumpkin dietary fiber 28.07g, total dietary fiber content 87.82%, soluble dietary fibre content 16.75%, expansive force 9.94mL/g with embodiment 1.
Get the pumpkin powder 40g of mistake 100 mesh sieves of embodiment 1 method preparation, add 1600mL water and mix, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 120min; Centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 630mL and the lixiviate, the filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again; The filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 590mL and the secondary lixiviate; Merge supernatant 1220mL twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; Get the 110mL concentrate, subsequent use.Filter residue after the secondary lixiviate is at 130 ℃, and autoclaving 10min under 25 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving; Then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer; Under pressure 12MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 5 times under the room temperature, handles 4min at every turn.Other operations and condition obtain pumpkin dietary fiber 27.07g, total dietary fiber content 87.22%, soluble dietary fibre content 15.85%, expansive force 9.37mL/g with embodiment 1.
Claims (7)
1. the preparation method of a pumpkin dietary fiber is characterized in that said method is: the dry pumpkin fruit of skin is removed through mechanical disintegration in (1), crosses 100 mesh sieves, the pumpkin powder; (2) the pumpkin powder is mixed according to mass ratio 1: 20～60 with water, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 90～180min, that leaching liquor is centrifugal; The filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant and the lixiviate; Filter residue is lixiviate 1 time again under similarity condition, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant twice; Supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the milipore filter of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; (3) filter residue after the secondary lixiviate that step (2) is obtained is at 115～135 ℃, and autoclaving 10～40min under 15～25 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving; Then with the filter residue after the autoclaving under pressure 6～12MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 5～15 times under the room temperature, handles 3～5min at every turn; Obtain the equal pledge after the homogenization processing; The concentrate of the not filtration membrane that equal pledge and step (2) are collected mixes, and mixture is dry, obtains said pumpkin food fibre powder.
2. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that the said pumpkin powder of said step (2) mixes according to mass ratio 1: 40～50 with water.
3. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that the said extraction time of said step (2) is 150min.
4. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that filter residue after the said secondary lixiviate of said step (3) at 120～125 ℃, autoclaving 20～30min under 20 atmospheric pressure.
5. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that said step (3) with the filter residue after the autoclaving under pressure 8～10MPa condition, under the room temperature, high-pressure homogeneous processing 6～8 times; Each 3～5min that handles, the equal pledge after the acquisition homogenization processing.
6. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that the said drying of said step (3) is a micro-wave vacuum, said microwave frequency 2450MHz; Microwave power 1kW; Vacuum is 35～45mmHg, dry 5～10 minutes, obtains said pumpkin food fibre powder.
7. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said method carries out according to the following steps: the dry pumpkin fruit of skin is removed through mechanical disintegration in (1), crosses 100 mesh sieves, the pumpkin powder; (2) the pumpkin meal is mixed according to mass ratio with water at 1: 50, at 40 ℃ of following lixiviate 150min, that leaching liquor is centrifugal; The filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant and the lixiviate; Filter residue after the lixiviate is lixiviate 1 time again under similarity condition, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant twice; Supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; (3) filter residue after the secondary lixiviate that step (2) is obtained is at 125 ℃, and autoclaving 20min under 20 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving; Then with the filter residue after the autoclaving under pressure 8MPa condition, under the room temperature, high-pressure homogeneous processing 10 times; Each 4min that handles obtains the equal pledge after the homogenization processing, and the concentrate of equal pledge with the not filtration membrane of step (2) collection mixed; With mixture at microwave frequency 2450MHz; Microwave power 1kW, vacuum is to carry out micro-wave vacuum under 35～45mmHg condition to handle 5～10min, obtains said pumpkin food fibre powder.
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| CN102875641A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-16 | 东北农业大学 | Method for continuously preparing pumpkin protein, ethanol fuel and dietary fiber |
| CN102960644A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-03-13 | 华南农业大学 | Preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber and pumpkin dietary fiber |
| CN104207180A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-12-17 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Preparation method of low-fat high-dietary-fiber grain sausage |
| CN104757061A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-08 | 武汉轻工大学 | Lotus seedpod dietary fiber cake and preparation method thereof |
| CN104757060A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-08 | 武汉轻工大学 | Lotus seedpod dietary fiber cookies and preparation method thereof |
| CN104872530A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-09-02 | 武汉轻工大学 | Lotus seedpod dietary fiber vermicelli and preparation method thereof |
| CN106562217A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-04-19 | 中国计量大学 | Preparation method of Sargassum horneri nutritional delicate flavour sauce |
| CN106852504A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-16 | 重庆都好生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of inoxidizability dietary fiber |
| CN111001395A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-14 | 山东农业大学 | Adsorbent for cholesterol in beef tallow and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102875641A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-16 | 东北农业大学 | Method for continuously preparing pumpkin protein, ethanol fuel and dietary fiber |
| CN102875641B (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-12-04 | 东北农业大学 | Method for continuously preparing pumpkin protein, ethanol fuel and dietary fiber |
| CN102960644A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-03-13 | 华南农业大学 | Preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber and pumpkin dietary fiber |
| CN102960644B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-02-19 | 华南农业大学 | Preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber and pumpkin dietary fiber |
| CN104207180A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-12-17 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Preparation method of low-fat high-dietary-fiber grain sausage |
| CN104207180B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2017-08-25 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | A kind of preparation method of low fat high dietary-fiber coarse cereals sausage |
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| CN104757061A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-07-08 | 武汉轻工大学 | Lotus seedpod dietary fiber cake and preparation method thereof |
| CN104757060B (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2017-12-19 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of seedpod of the lotus dietary fiber cookies and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106562217A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-04-19 | 中国计量大学 | Preparation method of Sargassum horneri nutritional delicate flavour sauce |
| CN106562217B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2020-04-10 | 中国计量大学 | Preparation method of sargassum horneri nutritional delicious sauce |
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