CN102517166B - 含有聚合材料的织物柔软组合物 - Google Patents
含有聚合材料的织物柔软组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/001—Softening compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3726—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3749—Polyolefins; Halogenated polyolefins; Natural or synthetic rubber; Polyarylolefins or halogenated polyarylolefins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/50—Perfumes
- C11D3/502—Protected perfumes
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
公开了含有能够保持挥发性香料组分的聚合材料的织物柔软组合物,以及柔软织物的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2008年5月27日,申请号为200880017939.1,发明名称为“含有聚合材料的织物柔软组合物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
背景技术
香料是现代织物柔软剂的一个重要的组分,尤其是那些通过洗衣机的漂洗环节释放的和那些以干燥的薄片和其它形式存在的。据估计香料的费用可能占典型的漂洗环节用织物柔软剂的整个配方的花费的大约50%。但是,在洗衣工艺中经常有大量的废弃的香料;仪器测量已显示商用液体织物柔软剂的大约50-70%的香料组分保留在洗涤液中,因而从未沉积在被处理的织物上。
因此,期望提高香料在织物上的沉积效率,因为这可以明显的减少浪费和降低商用织物柔软产品的成本。此外,通过提高香料中挥发性组分的沉积效率,新的香味可以引入织物柔软组合物中并且更有效的沉积在处理的织物上。
在洗涤产品例如织物柔软剂中,香料的存在是用于使得该组合物在美学观点上更能愉悦消费者。除了购买感觉,香料添加剂会赋予用其处理的织物令人愉快和更持久的香味。然后,如上所述,对于在洗涤过程中加入的液体织物柔软组合物,大部分的香料通常损失在洗涤过程中的洗涤溶液中,并因此而被浪费。
该领域的人们已经试图增加香料在织物上的沉积率和沉积。例如,已经讨论了交联的阳离子乙烯聚合物的使用,并研究了其与织物调理配方和个人护理组合物一道作为增稠剂,例如在国际专利公开号WO 90/12862和美国专利4,806,345中。已经开发了用于实现可控的主动释放的各种方法。最简单的这样的实施方案之一公开在Young的加拿大专利1,111,616和Shefer等的美国专利6,042,792中,其中公开了把香料组合在蜡中。美国专利4,464,271公开了用于把柔软剂组合物和香精捕获在固体颗粒中的封装技术。这种微囊工艺的一个实施例就是香料胶囊,当胶囊破裂时其在摩擦下破损来提供香料的立刻“爆发”。
这种类型的胶囊会表现不同取决于与其一起使用的组合物。特别是,其是不利的由于其在含有高含量表面活性剂和少量酒精的含水组合物中常会泄露。因此期望提供在液体组合物中是稳定的加香的颗粒,但是仍然能在使用时释放香味,已经使用了不同的方法;例如,在颗粒周围构造涂层如在U.S5,137,646公开的,或把香料物质和高C log P溶剂一起封装使香料保持在胶囊中从而延长时间而不会从胶囊中泄露出来,如EP1533364A3所述。然而,现在需要提高织物上香料的沉积率和沉积量并为了织物沉积捕获香料更多的挥发性组分。
本发明在特定的实施方案中针对被设计为保持挥发性香料组分的香料“海绵”的交联的聚合材料。在特定的实施方案中,本发明针对能够提高织物例如棉上香料沉积率的聚合物,当与漂洗环节使用的织物柔软组合物结合使用时。
发明概述
一种织物柔软组合物,其包含:
(a)大约0.01%-大约50%的阳离子或非离子柔软化合物;
(b)香料;和
(c)能够保持挥发性香料组分的聚合材料,包括:
i.至少大约0.001重量%的含有至少一个乙烯基单体的交联聚合物;和
ii.大约5,000-大约100,000ppm的二乙烯基交联剂。
一种含有能够保留挥发性香料组分的聚合材料的织物柔软组合物,该聚合材料含有:
(a)至少大约0.001重量%的来源于大约4重量%-80重量%的阳离子乙烯基加成单体的聚合反应的水可分散性交联阳离子聚合物;
(b)大约50重量%-大约95重量%的丙烯酰胺;和
(c)大约5,000-大约100,000ppm的双官能乙烯基加成单体交联剂。
一种织物柔软组合物,其含有:
(a)大约2-大约10%的脂肪酯季铵化合物;
(b)大约0.01-大约5%的脂肪醇;
(c)大约0.01-大约2%的乳酸;
(d)大约0.01-大约5%的交联聚合物;和
(e)大约0.01-大约5%的选自丁子香酚、苯基己醇和水杨酸己酯的香料。
一种含有交联聚合物的织物柔软组合物,其含有:
(a)大约40-大约60%丙烯酰胺;
(b)大约40-大约50%的季铵化的甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙基酯;和
(c)大约3-大约8%的亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联剂。
一种含有能够保持挥发性香料组分的聚合材料的织物柔软组合物,其含有:
(a)大约1-大约99%苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯单体;和
(b)大约5,000-大约100,000ppm的二乙烯基苯交联剂。
一种织物柔软组合物,其含有:
(a)大约1-大约99%的聚醚和聚氨酯-聚脲的共聚物;
(b)大约2-大约10%的脂肪酯季铵化合物;和
(c)大约0.01-大约5%的选自丁子香酚、苯基己醇和水杨酸己酯的香料。
在各实施方案中,本发明涉及柔软织物的方法,其包括把织物与本发明的有效量的织物柔软剂组合物接触。
发明详述
如本文所用,范围是用于描述该范围内的各个数值包括端点的缩写。本发明所引用的所有参考文献全部并入本文作为参考。在本发明定义和所引用的参考文件的定义之间有冲突的,以本发明为准。
在特定的实施方案中,本发明涉及一种织物柔软组合物,其含有能够保持挥发性香料组分的聚合材料。通过“保持”。
在特定的实施方案中,本发明涉及一种提供增强香料沉积效率能力的聚合材料。正如本文所用,术语“香料沉积效率”是指经过给物质加香之后保持在表面和/或吸入的香料的比例,也可表示为例如log P。在各实施方案中,本发明的组合物能够在织物上赋予log P在大约3.5之下的香料至少50%的沉积效率,与常规柔软组合物相比,这里的这样的香料组分的沉积百分比明显的较低。正如本文所用,术语“香料”是指能够赋予织物令人愉悦的香气的有香味的物质,并会包括常用于洗涤剂、织物柔软组合物和其它家用护理用途的常规物质。为了进一步论述香料,参见例如史密斯等的US6,864,223。
除了源自改进的香料沉积效率的经济优点之外,具有各种log P的组分的改进的香料沉积允许各种新香料的配方和设计用于漂洗织物。正如本文所用,“logP”(也称作“溶解参数”)是指一种化合物的分配系数的log值,其中分配系数是液相中化合物的浓度与不相混的溶剂中的浓度的比值-化合物的亲油亲水指数。为了进一步讨论log P,参见例如Sina D.Escher和Esther Oliveros的AQuantitative Study of Factors that Influence the Substantivity of Fragrance Chemicalson Laundered and Dried Fabrics:Journal of American Oil Chemist′s Society,第71卷,第1期,第31-40页(1994)。
在各实施方案中,该聚合材料包含在织物柔软组合物中。在各实施方案中,该织物柔软组合物还含有至少一种织物或皮肤有益组分,例如包含在具有含有尿素甲醛或蜜胺-甲醛聚合物的胶囊壳的微胶囊中的香料。该微胶囊可由易碎的坚硬的聚合物制成,并且一旦温和的摩擦就会破裂。这样,织物或皮肤有益组分的强烈释放能够,例如,在常规的织物处理过程中用本发明的柔软剂组合物经过漂洗过的织物上找到。然后当使用者穿着该衣物会释放香味。用本发明的织物柔软剂清洗过的干毛巾具有令人愉悦的香味,并且当使用时显现特别强烈的“香味释放”。
在特定的实施方案中,本发明的组合物含有至少大约0.001重量%的含有至少一个乙烯基单体的交联聚合物。在各实施方案中,该乙烯基单体是阳离子乙烯基单体。在织物例如棉布上的沉积在具有乙烯基单体的情况下得到增强,适用的乙烯基单体的实例包括,例如二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵或甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙基酯的季铵化形式。
在特定的实施方案中,该聚合材料还含有极性单体,例如丙烯酰胺。在各实施方案中,丙烯酰胺的含量为该聚合材料的大约20-大约95%,大约25-大约80%,大约30-大约75%或大约35-大约70%。
本发明的特定的实施方案会额外的含有交联剂。在特定的实施方案中,交联剂可为双官能团乙烯基加成单体交联剂。在各实施方案中,该双官能团乙烯基加成单体交联剂为亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、二亚乙基化的不饱和化合物例如乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙烯酰胺或氰基甲基丙烯酸酯。
丙烯酰胺和阳离子单体的共聚物会显现增稠/构造特性。这并不总是期望超过特定的程度;但是,对于香料的亲合力会导致该共聚物流体动力学体积的增加。为了防止丙烯酰胺和阳离子单体的共聚物的不受控的增稠和膨胀,交联剂的量会调至比所需较高的量使用,例如,在各实施方案中,大约5,000-大约100,000ppm,大约10,000-大约80,000ppm,大约20,000-大约70,000ppm,大约30,000-大约60,000ppm或大约45,000-大约55,000ppm。在特定的实施方案中,交联剂的含量为大约50,000ppm(也就是5%)。在特定的实施方案中,交联剂为亚甲基二丙烯酰胺。在其它实施方案中,交联剂为二乙烯苯基交联剂。
在特定的实施方案中,该聚合材料含有一种含有大约47.5重量%的丙烯酰胺,大约47.5重量%的甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙基酯的季铵化形式和作为交联剂的大约5重量%的亚甲基二丙烯酰胺的交联聚合物。
在各实施方案中,水可分散的交联阳离子聚合物的含量为聚合材料的至少大约0.001重量%,大约2重量%-50重量%,或大约5重量%-大约35重量%。
在特定的实施方案中,该聚合材料含有聚醚和聚氨酯-聚脲的共聚物。这样的共聚物会以商品名市售。在特定的实施方案中,本发明涉及一种织物柔软组合物,其含有:
(a)大约1-大约99%的聚醚和聚氨酯-聚脲的共聚物;
(b)大约2-大约10%的脂肪酯季铵化合物;和
(c)大约0.01-大约5%的选自丁子香酚、苯基己醇和水杨酸己酯的香料。
在其它实施方案中,本发明的聚合材料除了负载香料之外还要负载其它组分例如皮肤有益组分或泡沫控制剂例如2-丁基己醇。
本发明的具体化能通过下列非限制性实施例进一步说明:
实施例1
一种制备聚合材料的方法是在250mL的溶剂例如苯、甲苯或四氢呋喃(THF)中以适宜的比例混合50g的两种共聚单体和交联剂。大约2%自由基引发剂例如偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)被加到该溶液中。在其沸点温度这个溶液逐滴加到装有200mL的相同溶剂的1L的球形长颈瓶中。该球形长颈瓶装有冷却装置来防止由于蒸发引起的溶剂的损失。当含有共聚单体、交联剂和自由基引发剂碰到回流介质时发生聚合反应。
加料完成后,回流多保持15分钟,然后接着冷却。在减压的条件下除去溶剂,在不超过60℃的温度下。当大部分的溶剂除去时,聚合物块在真空条件下的干燥箱(dessicator)中保存一夜来除去剩余的溶剂。
通过加入5%的交联剂(50,000ppm)得到一种不粘的白色粉末。只有1%得到粘稠、弹性块。
香料-聚合物预混物的制备:
该方法类似于一种常规的漂洗环节织物柔软剂,除了香料被香料-聚合物预混物取代之外,其可通过下列两工艺获得:
■无水情况下聚合物和香精的混合
■聚合物、香精和水的混合
假设水中的交联共聚物为25%,50克的聚合物凝胶(12.5g聚合物)与6.25g的香料至少混合2小时。聚合物与香料的比例可以调至50∶1-1∶50,优选的10∶1-1∶10。香料-聚合物预混物的比例也可调至0.01-20%。
香料聚合物预混物可以在不同的阶段加入配方中例如:
■在酯基季铵(esterquat)-脂肪醇预混阶段
■就在酯基季铵(esterquat)预混阶段之后
■在后续-加成阶段;或
■在酯基季铵(esterquat)预混阶段前的热水中
实施例2
制备一种聚合材料如下:蜜胺-甲醛和脲醛树脂的混合物与马来酸酐和甲基乙烯基醚的共聚物(商业上也称为Gantrez)交联。用上述材料制备胶囊,并且根据其log P(丁子香酚、苯基己醇和水杨酸己酯)选择三种香料组分。该胶囊配制到织物柔软剂中,并评价其沉积在棉布上的能力。
表1表明在该织物柔软剂配制之后的一天来自含有该胶囊的织物柔软剂继续沉积在棉布的香料的分子的量,与同样的织物柔软剂其中的香料分子不用该聚合材料封装相比。对于封装与没有封装聚合物相比发现沉积的量的差别对于丁子香酚和苯基己醇(其具有从低到中等的log P值)较大,对于水杨酸己酯较小(其具有较高的log P值)。这样可以假定封装对于较高log P值的香料例如水杨酸己酯沉积比对于从低到中等的log P值的香料例如丁子香酚或苯基己醇的潜在影响力较大。
表1
μg/g棉布(使用胶囊) | μg/g棉布(未封装) | |
丁子香酚(logP=2.3) | 53 | 未检测到 |
苯基己醇(logP=3.3) | 55 | 22 |
水杨酸己酯(logP=5.26) | 65 | 52 |
当2周之后再次进行同样的测量,结果表明在封装和没有封装的配方的香料含量之间不再有可发觉的不同。
然后用聚醚和聚氨酯-聚脲的共聚物(市售Lycra)聚合纤维材料重新配制胶囊。各种量的(大约1g-大约5g)的聚合材料分散到100g的含有大约3.6%酯基季铵(esterquat)和大约0.38%的香料(不是丁子香酚、苯基己醇就是水杨酸己酯)的常规织物柔软剂组合物。容器震荡16小时使该体系平衡。然后除去聚合材料,测试酯基季铵(esterquat)的香料分子含量(通过HPLC定量)。表2表明从酯基季铵(esterquat)聚合体提取出来到聚合纤维的香料分子的比例,也就是被该聚合材料吸附的香料的比例。
表2
1.0g聚合材料 | 3.1g聚合材料 | 5.0g聚合材料 | |
丁子香酚 | 0.24 | 0.45 | 0.57 |
苯基己醇 | 0.26 | 0.51 | 0.60 |
水杨酸己酯 | 0.34 | 0.63 | 0.69 |
结果表明当含有聚合材料时,香料从酯基季铵(esterquat)移动到聚合材料上。
使用粉末形式(而不是纤维形式)的聚醚和聚氨酯-聚脲的共聚物(市售Lycra)变化配方。结果相似,除了在棉布上轻微的较低效率沉积,可能由于织物干燥时香料的漏失。为了提高沉积并减少干燥时的香料损失,香料负载颗粒用氨基塑料壳(由用马来酸酐和甲基乙烯基醚共聚物交联的蜜胺-甲醛和脲醛树脂混合物构成,商业上也称作Gantrez)包衣。
实施例3
可以改变聚合材料的性质来优化香料的吸附。因此,聚醚可为聚四亚甲基氧(PTHF)、聚亚乙基氧、聚亚丙基氧或其二元或三元聚合物。聚醚片断的分子量可以从大约300-大约10,000变化。聚氨酯-聚脲片断的长度可以相应的变化。聚酰胺片断也可使用。
实施例4
用二乙烯基苯交联的聚苯乙烯作为聚合材料。评价这样用氨基塑料壳(商品名Serdolit III)包衣的聚苯乙烯和酯基季铵(esterquat)之间的香料分子的分配系数。结果表明聚苯乙烯对于香料具有较高的亲合力。当聚苯乙烯小球浸透在加香漂洗环节用织物柔软剂组合物中,应该从季铵囊中释放出香料。进行浸透测试,各种量的小球(0.25%、0.5%和1%)加到含有3.6%EQ和0.38%的三种香料(丁子香酚、苯基己醇和水杨酸己酯)漂洗环节用织物柔软剂组合物中。结果表明含有聚苯乙烯的聚合材料的分配系数(即对于香料的亲合力)大于含有聚醚和聚氨酯的共聚物的分配系数,如表3所示。
表3
实施例5
表4表明了在配制该织物柔软组合物之后来自于含有1和3%交联聚苯乙烯的织物柔软组合物的继续沉积在棉布表面上的香料分子的比例:
表4清楚地表明了在中等到低log P值的香料的传递上交联聚苯乙烯的使用的有益效果。结果特别惊人对于更容易挥发(具有较低沸点)的香料;不能单独的有效的沉积香料例如橙花醇,还有里哪醇,表明在聚苯乙烯存在的条件下沉积的更好。
Claims (20)
1.一种织物柔软组合物,其含有:
(a) 0.01%- 50%的阳离子或非离子柔软化合物;
(b)香料;和
(c)能够保持挥发性香料组分的聚合材料,其包括:
i.至少0.001 %重量的含有至少一个阳离子乙烯基单体的交联聚合物,和20-95%的丙烯酰胺;和
ii. 5,000- 100,000 ppm的二乙烯基交联剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中所述聚合材料中的二乙烯基交联剂的含量为20,000- 70,000 ppm。
3.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中所述聚合材料中的二乙烯基交联剂的含量为30,000- 60,000 ppm。
4.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中所述聚合材料中的二乙烯基交联剂的含量为45,000- 55,000 ppm。
5.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中所述二乙烯基交联剂为选自亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和二乙烯基苯交联剂的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中所述聚合材料的交联密度为5- 10%。
7.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中所述聚合材料的交联聚合物是水可分散的、水溶胀的或水可溶的。
8.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中所述聚合材料能够吸收至少其重量的2%的挥发性香料组分。
9.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中所述聚合材料能够吸收至少其重量的5%的挥发性香料组分。
10.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,还含有至少一种包含在微胶囊中的织物或皮肤有益组分,该胶囊壳含有尿素甲醛或蜜胺-甲醛聚合物。
11.如权利要求10所述的织物柔软组合物,其中所述微胶囊是氨基塑料微胶囊。
12.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,含有选自二脂肪二烷基季铵化合物、脂肪酯季铵化合物、烷基咪唑啉鎓化合物和脂肪酰胺季铵化合物的阳离子柔软化合物。
13.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,含有选自脂肪酰氨基胺或脂肪酯胺的非离子柔软化合物。
14.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,还含有至多5 %重量的非限制的香精油。
15.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中该组合物在织物上赋予具有3.5以下log P的香料组分的至少40%的沉积效率。
16.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中该组合物在织物上赋予具有3.5以下log P的香料组分的至少50%的沉积效率。
17.权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其形式为液体、凝胶、粉末或干燥片。
18.如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物,其中阳离子或非离子柔软化合物为以基于述组合物的2-10%重量存在的脂肪酯季铵化合物,聚合化合物的存在量为0.01-5%重量,香料的存在量为0.01-5%重量并选自丁子香酚、苯基己醇和水杨酸己酯,并且还包含:
a) 0.01-5%重量的脂肪醇;和
b) 0.01-2%重量的乳酸。
19.一种柔软织物的方法,其包括用有效量的如权利要求1所述的织物柔软组合物接触所述织物。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述接触通过喷洒、摩擦或漂洗来实现。
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CN201110288395.6A Expired - Fee Related CN102517168B (zh) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-05-27 | 含有聚合材料的织物柔软组合物 |
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US (5) | US8470762B2 (zh) |
EP (3) | EP2150605B2 (zh) |
CN (4) | CN101688159B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2008260207B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0811996B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2687270C (zh) |
DK (3) | DK2532732T3 (zh) |
HK (3) | HK1178559A1 (zh) |
IL (4) | IL202052A (zh) |
MX (4) | MX309100B (zh) |
MY (1) | MY148003A (zh) |
PL (3) | PL2532732T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2437927C2 (zh) |
SG (3) | SG173391A1 (zh) |
VN (3) | VN33516A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008150752A2 (zh) |
ZA (3) | ZA201306151B (zh) |
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