Embodiment
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, the present invention is made further detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The embodiment of the invention is the basis with microcosmic automobile energy consumption model, analyzes pavement behavior key factor (friction factor, the gradient etc.) and the action rule thereof of confirming to influence automobile energy consumption, discharging, obtains more accurately calculating the method for automobile energy consumption.Through the driving mode analysis, automobile energy consumption calculation method is combined with real-time traffic flow data, road driving condition data, forming with the road is the new road energy consumption calculation model of main body.Calculate the energy consumption weights in highway section again through the road energy consumption model, the application of dynamic path planning algorithm can be realized the selection in the minimum path of energy consumption.
The planning based on dynamic route that the embodiment of the invention provides realizes that the system of automobile energy-saving reduction of discharging is as shown in Figure 1, comprising:
Car transfer center 11 is used to obtain the positional information that vehicle GPS equipment sends, and data are carried out pretreatment operation, filters out errors present information, and sends to dynamic traffic information collecting and distribution platform.
Dynamic traffic information collecting and distribution platform 12 are used for the collection vehicle positional information, carry out data check and storage, and issue.
Road energy consumption model system 13 is used to utilize said positional information to set up the road energy consumption model, and obtains the road energy consumption weights in each highway section.
Dynamic route planning system 14 is used to obtain dynamic road condition information, and obtains the road energy consumption weights of road conditions through the road energy consumption model, calculates through weights, generates the new traffic information that possesses the road energy consumption model, and issues to the terminal.
Terminal 15 is used to obtain traffic information (containing road energy consumption weights), blocks up based on road conditions and road energy consumption two aspect factors are carried out dynamic route planning by driver's demand, and rational route programming result is offered the driver.
Based on above system, it is a kind of based on dynamic route planning realization automobile energy-saving emission reduction method, as shown in Figure 2 that the embodiment of the invention provides, and comprising:
Step 201, set up the road energy consumption model.The structure of road energy consumption model is made up of foundation, automobile energy consumption model localization transformation, the traffic flow data analyzing and processing of road driving condition database, specifically accomplishes through following 5 steps, and is as shown in Figure 3, specifically comprises:
Step 2011, adopt curve fitting, constitutes analysis method to confirm the relation of factor such as road grade, friction factor, environment temperature, coefficient of air resistance and automobile energy consumption, discharging; Contrast the influence degree of different factors to the automobile energy consumption; Confirm key factor, and then confirm road collection content with this.The data that gather to obtain through after the data cleansing, are set up perfect road driving condition database.
A large amount of actual measurement running datas in step 2012, the existing road driving condition database of foundation, use data digging method to the running car pattern--be speed and acceleration profile, carry out cluster analysis, obtain the running car classification.Then the driving mode classification is combined with road attribute, traffic information data, set up road attribute, traffic behavior derivation rule, i.e. the road driving pattern classifier to driving mode.Thereby utilize attributes such as category of roads, road conditions accurately to differentiate the classification of running car pattern, obtain the driving mode of automobile under different road conditions, different road conditions.
Step 2013, to the correlation analysis of traffic behavior to road network energy consumption influence.Present embodiment is at first confirmed the key factor of traffic behavior to the influence of road network energy consumption according to traffic historical data, automobile energy consumption data.According to geographic information data, magnanimity traffic historical data; With being divided into the periods such as morning peak, Ping Feng, evening peak, night between round-the-clock; Simultaneously the city is divided into zones such as manufacturing district, shopping centre, residential block; In conjunction with the complicate statistics method, obtain different periods, the distribution of zones of different vehicle and traffic flow information, and utilize the existing fixed monitoring equipment that it is revised.
Step 2014, carry out choosing of automobile energy consumption model, and use Beijing's automobile energy consumption data, model parameter is revised, accomplish the localization of model.
Because of the vehicle of automobile fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and automobile, use numerous factors such as fuel mass, automobile accumulative total distance travelled, Motor Maintenance situation, temperature, relative humidity, height above sea level, road grade, travel speed, the acceleration that goes relevant; And also can there be interaction relationship between different factors; Therefore need between computational accuracy and computation complexity, make balance, under the prerequisite that guarantees accuracy, simplify oil consumption, exhaust emissions computing method.In the present embodiment; Different pieces such as running car institute energy requirement is divided into the frictional resistance consumed power, overcomes the gravity power demand, the power demand that gathers way, every part power demand is revised according to factors such as different temperature, relative humidity, car categories.To specific vehicle, external environment, the speed of going, acceleration become the deciding factor that influences automobile fuel consumption, exhaust emissions.But only has nonlinear relationship between automotive oil consumption, exhaust emissions amount and speed, acceleration; And it is bigger that this relation is influenced by other factors vary, and the modifying factor accuracy rate of therefore directly using travel speed, accekeration to calculate automobile fuel consumption, exhaust emissions is difficult to guarantee.Automobile specific power, unit weight are whenever gone through the unit length power demand, have been proved with automobile fuel consumption, exhaust emissions value to have best linear relationship, and its computing formula is following:
Wherein, v representes speed, the m/s of unit; A representes acceleration, the m of unit
2/ s; Grade representes road grade.Combining environmental factor, automobile correlative factor, present embodiment adopt following formula to calculate the instantaneous energy consumption of automobile:
Wherein, B
tRepresent basic emission index, K
BaseRepresent basic emission index modifying factor, K
TmpThe expression temperature correction factor, K
HmdExpression relative humidity modifying factor, K
IMExpression maintenance situation modifying factor, K
FuelThe fuel modifying factor, K
VSPThe expression running car factor correction factor.
Step 2015, the road driving condition according to each bar road, running car model, car category three aspect factor situation use revised automobile energy consumption model to calculate running car process energy consumption and tail gas discharge capacity that different road caused.
1, carrying out typical driving mode extracts.Typical case's driving mode extracts and is divided into the three phases completion: the running data pre-service, running data divides into groups, the running data cluster.
At first, running data is carried out pre-service, accomplish the cleaning of data exception value, map match, be each record that goes (GPS point, speed) mark place road ID, classification, length, charge situation attribute.Exceptional value mainly comprises data recording speed value unusual (travel speed of record is excessive), longitude and latitude unusual (the adjacent record of longitude and latitude distance is at a distance of far away excessively).Map match, mainly according to travel direction and data with the road distance, with the road of Data Matching, get rid of GPS drift influence to actual travel.
Secondly, the road according to data are mated divides into groups data.According to road tie point type, when tie point is non-master node, with two adjacent combinations also, guarantee all records that go between corresponding two intersections of one group of data.VSP is divided into 60 intervals, calculates each interval distribution of VSP to every group record.
At last, normalization is carried out in the VSP distribution that running data divides into groups, used X means clustering algorithm then, the VSP distributed data collection after the normalization is carried out cluster, thereby obtain typical driving mode.
2, carry out the driving mode classification.The purpose of driving mode classification is through setting up the driving mode sorter, accurately judging the driving mode of automobile under different road conditions, varying environment, thereby obtain the automobile energy consumption according to the running car mode computation.The driving mode classification mainly comprises two aspect contents: the road attribute data decimation, the driving mode sorter is set up.
Though driver's driving habits is had nothing in common with each other, should have common driving characteristic specific road conditions, specific road environment, the driver of specific region.Therefore need acquire influences the main roads of running car attribute, thereby according to these attributes driving mode is classified.To this type of demand, have four road attributes and chosen by sorter and use: one, road type comprises category of roads and road attribute, like rotary island, ring road, main road etc.; Two, road chain length, reacted automobile this road can go continuously not by the longest distance of traffic lights influence; Three, road toll type has reflected the road maintenance level; Four, road chain hourage, the road conditions of reflection, traffic jam level.
According to four attributes and the running data cluster result of road, present embodiment uses the mode of decision tree and decision table to make up sorter.Be that criterion is selected branch's attribute at first, set up decision tree with the information gain ratio; By information entropy decision tree branches is chosen then, in the end by coverage leaf node is chosen in one deck branch node, obtain optimum subtree; Then the optimum subtree that obtains is converted into rule, add decision table; At last this rule is covered sample deletion, carry out again that decision tree generates, subtree is chosen, three links of transformation rule, all be capped up to all samples.Using decision table to carry out the branch time-like, beginning test from first rule of decision table and treat whether classification samples satisfies, as satisfying, not at the test redundancy rule then with the regular for this reason corresponding classification of this sample classification.
3, the road attribute data inputs pattern classifier that goes is obtained automobile and distributes at the VSP that goes of each road, VSP distribution, car category, fuel type and Current Temperatures, relative humidity substitution automobile energy consumption calculation formula are obtained oil consumption, the exhaust emissions amount of automobile at each bar road driving.Oil consumption and exhaust emissions amount according to each highway section are given corresponding road energy consumption weights for this highway section.
Step 202, vehicle GPS equipment per minute send a current GPS positional information to affiliated car transfer center, comprise the position data of gps time, longitude and latitude, height above sea level, the speed of a motor vehicle and direction.
After step 203, car transfer center are obtained said positional information, data are carried out pretreatment operation, filter out the errors present information that produces because of position excursion.
Step 204, car transfer center send to dynamic traffic information collecting and distribution platform with pretreated positional information; Undertaken that data gather and corresponding data check and storage by dynamic traffic information collecting and distribution platform, and generate road conditions congestion status information through steps such as map match and average speed calculation.Like Fig. 4, specifically comprise:
Step 2041, data check and storage.
Data check comprises the verification and the misarrangement of data: raw data packets is carried out the syntax and semantics inspection, and whether the judgment data form is legal, and whether data exceed setting range, whether comprise repeating data, and carries out corresponding misarrangement and handle;
The storage of raw data: correct raw data is stored, for further data mining, analysis and processing provide the data basis.
Step 2042, dynamic traffic information collecting and delivery system carry out map match.The dynamic route planning system adopts the map matching technology of topological relation Network Based, at first utilizes the spatial network topological relation of path layer to confirm the scope in current locator data highway section to be matched; Utilize the historical movement track that the road information of map data base is carried out real-time mode recognizing then.Geometric locus is as sample to be matched, and the road section scope of confirming with the spatial network topological relation to be matched is as state template, and through the coupling between sample to be matched and template, the highest template of selected shape similarity is as matching result.Here the similarity measurement function that adopts is weighting 2 dimension Euclidean distances.When recognizing a certain highway section, current data are done the highway section vertical projection, calculate deviation and rectification on the direction of vertical highway section.Be to be used for the measuring similarity function formula that similarity is calculated below:
Δik?=?‖sik?-?vik‖
In the formula, (xT is that (x is y) to the subpoint in highway section for s yT) to v; Δ is plane 2 dimension Euclidean distances; Q is a weighting coefficient.Clearly, λ is more little, and the similarity in highway section is high more.
Use above map matching technology to be implemented to the coupling in concrete highway section.
The average overall travel speed in step 2043, calculating highway section.The dynamic route planning system calculates the average overall travel speed in this highway section according to many cars in same highway section in certain period through formula:
Wherein V is average overall travel speed (km/h), and Li is the operating range of i car in this highway section, and Vi is the travel speed (km/h) of this vehicle in this highway section, if the unsteady vehicle process in some highway section in certain period then adopts historical data to fill up.
Step 2044, according to the average overall travel speed in this highway section, carry out correspondingly with congestion in road grade threshold table, confirm the jam situation in this highway section.The grade (containing intercity highway, city expressway, major urban arterial highway road, subsidiary road road, city, other roads), minimum speed, the top speed that have comprised road conditions in the congestion in road grade threshold table; If the speed of these road conditions is lower than the minimum speed of its corresponding grade; Then for blocking up; Then be slowly between minimum speed and top speed, be higher than top speed then for unimpeded.
Step 205, dynamic route planning system obtain road conditions congestion status information from dynamic traffic information collecting and delivery system, and obtain the energy consumption weights through the road energy consumption model, form the traffic information with power consumption values.As shown in Figure 5, specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 2051, dynamic route planning system are according to each highway section congestion status of entire city or specific region; Put out the weights that block up in each highway section in entire city or the specific region in order; The energy consumption weights that combine the road energy consumption model to calculate again; Through the weights Model Calculation, form final road road conditions weight table, i.e. real-time road condition information.
Step 2052, dynamic route planning system be according to real-time road condition information, and combined the traffic information of historical traffic information (last one day, a last week) same road segment, and the road conditions in (defaulting to 30 minutes) this highway section are predicted to the next period, generates road condition predicting information.
Step 2053, dynamic route planning system are gathered current traffic accident information simultaneously, form the traffic event information based on concrete highway section.
Step 206, dynamic route planning system regularly (per 5 minutes or 2.5 minutes) with the traffic information in all highway sections in entire city or the specific region; Comprise real-time road condition information, road condition predicting information, traffic event information and road energy consumption weights, the packing of compression back is handed down to each terminal (comprising car-mounted terminal, PND, mobile phone etc.).The information content comprises: city codes, information type (real-time road, road condition predicting, traffic events etc.), highway section numbering, time, congestion status (block up, slow, unimpeded), average speed, the average hourage in highway section.
After step 207, terminal receive traffic information,, uses different colours to mark the jam situation (blocking up is redness, slowly be yellow, and unimpeded is green) in variant highway section, and traffic events is shown in the electronic chart in the enterprising walking along the street section coupling of electronic chart.The road power consumption values does not show in map, is used for participating in calculating as weights in the path planning process.
Step 208, when the car owner carries out the destination-address path planning through the terminal; The jam situation of relevant road segments and road energy consumption situation in the different routing that terminal system can combine to be planned; Select optimum path planning scheme, thereby realize the function of dynamic route planning.
The road energy consumption model is the basis with the automobile energy consumption model, in conjunction with real-time, historical traffic information, calculates and obtains vehicle ' through the required energy consumption of target road.The road energy consumption model relates to pavement of road situation, traffic flow situation and three factors of microcosmic automobile energy consumption model, crosses over road engineering, intelligent transportation and three fields of automobile engineering.
The status information whether the conventional dynamic traffic information system only can provide traffic to block up; Though can reach the effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction on the certain significance by the shunting of road vehicle; But, obtain better effect so be difficult in the energy-saving and emission-reduction aspect owing to lack research and realization to automobile energy consumption factor.
Present embodiment has been realized combining of microcosmic automobile energy consumption and dynamic information system.Microcosmic automobile energy consumption needs accurate speed, acceleration profile data could calculate acquisition energy consumption emissions data more accurately.And the real-time traffic system provides discrete average velocity, can not satisfy the data precision demand of automobile energy consumption.Present embodiment is according to actual drive test data of Floating Car and traffic historical data, through the cluster method for digging, extract obtain the automobile typical case go pattern class and with the mapping relations of road attribute, traffic behavior.Thereby input automobile energy consumption is accomplished energy consumption calculation after converting the average velocity of Traffic flow systems output into the travel speed acceleration profile, has realized the combination of two big systems.
In a word, the above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.