Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The embodiment of the invention is take microcosmic automobile energy consumption model as the basis, and Analysis deterrmination affects pavement behavior key factor (friction factor, the gradient etc.) and the action rule thereof of automobile energy consumption, discharging, obtains more accurately calculating the method for automobile energy consumption.By the driving mode analysis, the automobile Calculation Method of Energy Consumption is combined with real-time traffic flow data, road driving condition data, form the new road energy consumption calculation model take road as main body.Calculate again the energy consumption weights in highway section by the road energy consumption model, use the dynamic route planning algorithm and can realize the selection in the minimum path of energy consumption.
What the embodiment of the invention provided realizes that based on dynamic route planning system that automobile energy-saving reduces discharging as shown in Figure 1, comprising:
Car transfer center 11 is used for obtaining the positional information that vehicle-mounted GPS equipment sends, and data are carried out pretreatment operation, filters out errors present information, and sends to dynamic traffic information collecting and distribution platform.
Dynamic traffic information collecting and distribution platform 12 are used for the collection vehicle positional information, carry out data check and storage, and are issued.
Road energy consumption model system 13 is used for utilizing described positional information to set up the road energy consumption model, and obtains the road energy consumption weights in each highway section.
Dynamic route planning system 14 is used for obtaining dynamic road condition information, and obtains the road energy consumption weights of road conditions by the road energy consumption model, calculates by weights, generates the new traffic information that possesses the road energy consumption model, and issues to terminal.
Terminal 15 is used for obtaining traffic information (containing road energy consumption weights), blocks up based on road conditions by driver's demand and carries out dynamic route planning with road energy consumption two aspect factors, and rational route programming result is offered the driver.
Based on above system, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method that reduces discharging based on dynamic route planning realization automobile energy-saving, as shown in Figure 2, comprising:
Step 201, set up the road energy consumption model.The structure of road energy consumption model is comprised of foundation, automobile energy consumption model localization transformation, the traffic flow data analyzing and processing of road driving condition database, specifically finishes by following 5 steps, as shown in Figure 3, specifically comprises:
Step 2011, adopt curve, constitutes analysis method to determine the relation of the factor such as road grade, friction factor, environment temperature, coefficient of air resistance and automobile energy consumption, discharging, contrast different factors to the influence degree of automobile energy consumption, determine key factor, and then determine that with this road gathers content.To the data that gather to obtain through after the data cleansing, the road driving condition database of Erecting and improving.
A large amount of actual measurement running datas in step 2012, the existing road driving condition database of foundation, the usage data method for digging is to the running car pattern--and be that velocity and acceleration distributes, carry out cluster analysis, obtain the running car classification.Then the driving mode classification is combined with road attribute, traffic information data, set up road attribute, traffic behavior to the derivation rule of driving mode, i.e. road driving pattern classifier.Thereby utilize the attributes such as category of roads, road conditions accurately to differentiate the classification of running car pattern, obtain the driving mode of automobile under different road conditions, different road conditions.
Step 2013, for the correlation analysis of traffic behavior to the road network energy consumption.Present embodiment at first determines that according to traffic historical data, automobile energy consumption data traffic behavior is to the key factor of road network energy consumption.According to geographic information data, magnanimity traffic historical data, the periods such as morning peak, Ping Feng, evening peak, night will be divided between round-the-clock, simultaneously the city is divided into the zones such as manufacturing district, shopping centre, residential block, in conjunction with the complicate statistics method, obtain different periods, the distribution of zones of different vehicle and traffic flow information, and utilize existing stationary monitoring equipment that it is revised.
Step 2014, carry out choosing of automobile energy consumption model, and use Beijing's automobile energy consumption data, model parameter is revised, finish the localization of model.
Because of the vehicle of automobile fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and automobile, use the many factors such as fuel mass, automobile accumulative total distance travelled, Motor Maintenance situation, temperature, relative humidity, height above sea level, road grade, travel speed, the acceleration that travels relevant, and also can there be interaction relationship between different factors, therefore need between computational accuracy and computation complexity, make balance, under the prerequisite that guarantees accuracy, simplify oil consumption, exhaust emissions computing method.In the present embodiment, the different pieces such as running car institute energy requirement is divided into the frictional resistance consumed power, overcomes the gravity power demand, the power demand that gathers way, every part power demand is revised according to factors such as different temperature, relative humidity, car categories.For specific vehicle, external environment, the speed of travelling, acceleration become the deciding factor that affects automobile fuel consumption, exhaust emissions.But only has nonlinear relationship between automobile fuel consumption amount, exhaust emissions amount and speed, acceleration, and it is larger that this relation is affected by other factors vary, and the modifying factor accuracy rate of therefore directly using travel speed, accekeration to calculate automobile fuel consumption, exhaust emissions is difficult to guarantee.Automobile specific power, unit weight are whenever travelled through the unit length power demand, have been proved with automobile fuel consumption, exhaust emissions value to have best linear relationship, and its computing formula is as follows:
vsp=v[1.1a+9.81(atan(sin(grade)))+0.132]+0.000302V
3
Wherein, v represents speed, the m/s of unit; A represents acceleration, the m of unit
2/ s; Grade represents road grade.Combining environmental factor, automobile correlative factor, present embodiment adopt following formula to calculate the instantaneous energy consumption of automobile:
Q
t=B
t×K
Base×K
Tmp×K
Hmd×K
IM×K
Fuel×K
VSP
Wherein, B
tRepresent basic emission index, K
BaseRepresent basic emission index modifying factor, K
TmpThe expression temperature correction factor, K
HmdExpression relative humidity modifying factor, K
IMExpression maintenance situation modifying factor, K
FuelThe fuel modifying factor, K
VSPThe expression running car factor correction factor.
Step 2015, the road driving condition according to each bar road, running car model, car category three aspect factor situation use revised automobile energy consumption model to calculate energy consumption and tail gas discharge capacity that running car causes through different roads.
1, carrying out typical driving mode extracts.The extraction of typical case's driving mode is divided into three phases and finishes: running data pre-service, running data grouping, running data cluster.
At first, running data is carried out pre-service, finish the cleaning of data exception value, map match, be each record that travels (GPS point, speed) mark place road ID, classification, length, charge situation attribute.Exceptional value mainly comprises data recording speed value unusual (travel speed of record is excessive), longitude and latitude unusual (the adjacent record of longitude and latitude distance is at a distance of excessively far away).Map match, mainly according to travel direction and data with the road distance, with the road of Data Matching to actual travel, get rid of GPS drift impact.
Secondly, the road according to data are mated divides into groups data.According to road tie point type, when tie point is non-master node, be combined adjacent two, guarantee all records that travel between corresponding two intersections of one group of data.VSP is divided into 60 intervals, calculates each interval distribution of VSP for every group of record.
At last, normalization is carried out in the VSP distribution of running data grouping, then used X means clustering algorithm, the VSP distributed data collection after the normalization is carried out cluster, thereby obtain typical driving mode.
2, carry out the driving mode classification.The purpose of driving mode classification is by setting up the driving mode sorter, accurately judging the driving mode of automobile under different road conditions, varying environment, thereby obtain the automobile energy consumption according to the running car mode computation.The driving mode classification mainly comprises two aspects: the road attribute data decimation, the driving mode sorter is set up.
Although driver's driving habits is had nothing in common with each other, the driver in specific road conditions, specific road environment, specific region should have common driving characteristics.Therefore need to acquire affects the main roads of running car attribute, thereby according to these attributes driving mode is classified.For this type of demand, have four road attributes and chosen and be classified device and use: one, road type comprises category of roads and road attribute, such as rotary island, ring road, main road etc.; Two, road chain length, reacted automobile this road the longest distance that can travel continuously and do not affected by traffic lights; Three, road toll type has reflected the road maintenance level; Four, road chain hourage, the road conditions of reflection, traffic jam level.
According to four attributes and the running data cluster result of road, present embodiment uses the mode of decision tree and decision table to make up sorter.At first select branch's attribute take the information gain ratio as criterion, set up decision tree; Then by information entropy decision tree branches is chosen, in the end by coverage leaf node is chosen in one deck branch node, obtain optimum subtree; Then the optimum subtree that obtains is converted to rule, adds decision table; At last with the deletion of this rule coverage sample, re-start that decision tree generates, subtree is chosen, the transformation rule three link, until all samples all are capped.When using decision table to classify, begin to test sample to be sorted from first rule of decision table and whether satisfy, as satisfying then this sample classification regular corresponding classification for this reason, no longer test redundancy rule.
3, road attribute data inputs is travelled pattern classifier obtains automobile and distributes at the VSP that travels of each road, and VSP distribution, car category, fuel type and Current Temperatures, relative humidity substitution automobile energy consumption calculation formula are obtained automobile in oil consumption, the exhaust emissions amount of each bar road driving.Oil consumption and exhaust emissions amount according to each highway section are given corresponding road energy consumption weights for this highway section.
Step 202, vehicle-mounted GPS equipment per minute send a current GPS positional information to affiliated car transfer center, comprise the position data of gps time, longitude and latitude, height above sea level, the speed of a motor vehicle and direction.
After step 203, car transfer center are obtained described positional information, data are carried out pretreatment operation, filter out the errors present information that produces because of position excursion.
Step 204, car transfer center send to dynamic traffic information collecting and distribution platform with pretreated positional information, undertaken that data gather and corresponding data check and storage by dynamic traffic information collecting and distribution platform, and generate road conditions congestion status information by steps such as map match and average velocity calculating.Such as Fig. 4, specifically comprise:
Step 2041, data check and storage.
Data check comprises verification and the misarrangement of data: raw data packets is carried out the syntax and semantics inspection, judge whether data layout is legal, and whether data exceed setting range, whether comprises repeating data, and carry out corresponding misarrangement and process;
The storage of raw data: correct raw data is stored, for further data mining, analysis and processing provide the data basis.
Step 2042, dynamic traffic information collecting and delivery system carry out map match.The dynamic route planning system adopts the map matching technology of topological relation Network Based, at first utilizes the spatial network topological relation of path layer to determine the scope in current locator data highway section to be matched; Then utilize the historical movement track that the road information of map data base is carried out real-time mode recognizing.Geometric locus is as sample to be matched, and the road section scope to be matched of determining with the spatial network topological relation is as state template, and by the coupling between sample to be matched and template, the highest template of selected shape similarity is as matching result.Here the similarity measurement function that adopts is weighting 2 dimension Euclidean distances.When recognizing a certain highway section, current data are done the highway section vertical projection, calculate deviation and rectification on the direction of vertical highway section.The below is the measuring similarity function formula that calculates for similarity:
In the formula, v (xT, yT) is that s (x, y) is to the subpoint in highway section; Δ is plane 2 dimension Euclidean distances; Q is weighting coefficient.Clearly, λ is less, and the similarity in highway section is higher.
Use above map matching technology to be implemented to the coupling in concrete highway section.
The average overall travel speed in step 2043, calculating highway section.The dynamic route planning system calculates the average overall travel speed in this highway section according to many cars in same highway section in certain period by following formula:
Wherein
Be average overall travel speed (km/h), l
iBe that i car is at the operating range in this highway section, v
iBe the travel speed (km/h) of this vehicle in this highway section, if the unsteady vehicle process in some highway section in certain period then adopts historical data to fill up.
Step 2044, according to the average overall travel speed in this highway section, carry out correspondingly with congestion in road grade threshold table, determine the jam situation in this highway section.The grade (containing intercity highway, city expressway, major urban arterial highway road, subsidiary road road, city, other roads), minimum speed, the top speed that have comprised road conditions in the congestion in road grade threshold table, if the speed of these road conditions is lower than the minimum speed of its corresponding grade, then for blocking up, then be slowly between minimum speed and top speed, be higher than top speed then for unimpeded.
Step 205, dynamic route planning system obtain road conditions congestion status information from dynamic traffic information collecting and delivery system, and obtain the energy consumption weights by the road energy consumption model, form the traffic information with power consumption values.As shown in Figure 5, specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 2051, dynamic route planning system are according to each highway section congestion status of whole city or specific region, put out the weights that block up in each highway section in whole city or the specific region in order, the energy consumption weights that calculate in conjunction with the road energy consumption model again, calculate by the weights model, form final road conditions weight table, i.e. real-time road condition information.
Step 2052, dynamic route planning system are according to real-time road condition information, and in conjunction with the traffic information of historical traffic information (upper one day, a upper week) same road segment, the road conditions in (defaulting to 30 minutes) this highway section are predicted to the next period, generate road condition predicting information.
Step 2053, dynamic route planning system gather current traffic accident information simultaneously, form the traffic event information based on concrete highway section.
Step 206, dynamic route planning system regularly (per 5 minutes or 2.5 minutes) with the traffic information in all highway sections in whole city or the specific region, comprise real-time road condition information, road condition predicting information, traffic event information and road energy consumption weights, packing is handed down to each terminal (comprising car-mounted terminal, PND, mobile phone etc.) after the compression.The information content comprises: city codes, information type (real-time road, road condition predicting, traffic events etc.), highway section numbering, time, congestion status (block up, slow, unimpeded), average speed, the average hourage in highway section.
After step 207, terminal receive traffic information, in the enterprising walking along the street section coupling of electronic chart, uses different colours to mark the jam situation (blocking up is redness, slowly be yellow, and unimpeded is green) in variant highway section, and traffic events is shown in the electronic chart.The road power consumption values does not show in map, is used for participating in calculating as weights in the path planning process.
Step 208, when the car owner carries out the destination-address path planning by terminal, terminal system can be in conjunction with jam situation and the road energy consumption of relevant road segments in the different routing of planning, select optimum path planning scheme, thereby realize the function of dynamic route planning.
The road energy consumption model, calculates and obtains Vehicle Driving Cycle by the required energy consumption of target road in conjunction with real-time, historical traffic information take the automobile energy consumption model as the basis.The road energy consumption model relates to pavement of road situation, traffic flow situation and three factors of microcosmic automobile energy consumption model, crosses over road engineering, intelligent transportation and three fields of automobile engineering.
The status information whether traditional dynamic information system only can provide traffic to block up, although can reach by the shunting of road vehicle the effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction on the definite meaning, but because shortage is to research and the realization of automobile Energy Consumption Factors, so be difficult to obtain better effect aspect energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Present embodiment has been realized the combination of microcosmic automobile energy consumption and dynamic information system.Microcosmic automobile energy consumption needs accurate speed, acceleration profile data could calculate more accurately energy consumption emissions data of acquisition.And the real-time traffic system provides discrete average velocity, can not satisfy the data precision demand of automobile energy consumption.Present embodiment is according to the actual drive test data of Floating Car and traffic historical data, by the cluster method for digging, extract obtain the automobile typical case travel pattern class and with the mapping relations of road attribute, traffic behavior.Thereby input automobile energy consumption was finished energy consumption calculation after the average velocity of Traffic flow systems output was converted to the travel speed acceleration profile, had realized the combination of two large systems.
In a word, the above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not for limiting protection scope of the present invention.