CN102508303A - Advanced detection method for focusing chromatography induced polarization of underground engineering - Google Patents
Advanced detection method for focusing chromatography induced polarization of underground engineering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an advanced detection method for focusing chromatography induced polarization of underground engineering. The advanced detection method comprises the following steps of: arranging a circle of shield electrodes A1 on a contour line of an operating surface of the underground engineering by utilizing a focusing operating manner and arranging a plurality of parallel measuring lines on parts with different heights from a base plate to a top plate firstly, wherein the measuring lines are provided with power supply electrodes and receiving electrodes, and the base plate is also provided with power supply electrodes and receiving electrodes; acquiring data layer by layer by utilizing a chromatography method; carrying out inversion on measuring line potential difference data obtained through measurement to obtain a three-dimensional resistivity image of a geologic body in the front of the operating surface; drawing a relation coordinate graph of difference data and horizontal distances of half time by using the half time obtained through measurement, calculating an envelope area St of half time difference and abscissa axis, and drawing a two-dimensional profile map of the envelope area St to realize estimation of the quantity of water in the front of the operating surface. The advanced detection method for the focusing chromatography induced polarization of the underground engineering, disclosed by the invention, has excellent advanced detection directivity, realizes three-dimensional location of an aquifer and solves problem of incapability of location in a traditional focusing electric method during single-point measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to unfavorable geology geology forward probe method in the underground engineering construction processes such as a kind of tunnel or tunnel.
Background technology
At present, China has become in the world underground works such as tunnel and has built largestly, builds the highest country of difficulty.The geologic hazard that the underground engineering construction phase takes place frequently becomes the huge challenge that underground engineering construction faces, and gushing water, prominent mud disaster are all occuping the prostatitis aspect frequency and the death toll.It is significant in the underground engineering construction advanced prediction to be implemented in gushing water water burst disaster source.For moisture architectonic forward probe, main task is divided into two: 1. need verify the characteristics such as position, scale or even form of water-bearing structure, promptly need realize the three-dimensional imaging of water-bearing structure; 2. need predict the water yield in the water-bearing structure, this is to formulate prominent water burst prophylactico-therapeutic measures and the key factor of estimating tunnel safety the constructing tunnel phase.
Induced polarization method is to survey the resistivity prospecting method of geological condition according to the effect of induced polarization of rock, and present induced polarization method forecasting procedure can be divided into three electrode method non-focusing type and single-point focus type.Wherein, Near the side that three electrode method non-focusing type forward probe method can't shield the survey line disturbs (like low-resistance water content, hardware etc.) unusually; Than the useful information that is difficult to go out development end the place ahead under the complex environment from the background interference extracting data; Cause forecast precision to reduce easily even wrong report, this problem not can solve always, has seriously restricted the development of three electrode method non-focusing type electrical method class forecasting technique.Ruan Baiyao etc. have proposed a kind of tunnel focus dc resistivity method forward probe method, and BEAM (the Bore-Tunneling Electrical Ahead Monitoring) technology of Germany's research and development is unique a kind of focusing class induced polarization methods that the moisture situation in the place ahead, tunnel is surveyed that are used for.
Patent CN1904644A discloses a kind of tunnel real-time continuous advanced prediction method and device of networking; Step is following: (1) according to the site operation concrete condition, adopts that the tunnel is outer, the metalwork at tunnel inwall or workplace scene arranges infinite distance potential electrode B, guarded electrode A respectively
1With central electrode A
0, and link to each other with on-the-spot main frame with cable; (2) on-the-spot main frame is through guarded electrode A
1With central electrode A
0The loop that forms with infinite distance potential electrode B receives the electric signal of central electrode simultaneously with the pulse current of time domain or the different voltage same polarities of frequency field mode of operation synchronized transmissions, treatedly converts digital signal into A/D, is input to host cpu; (3) on-the-spot host cpu is calculated the apparent resistivity of detection of a target body and is looked the induced polarization rate; (4) according to the apparent resistivity that calculates in the step (3) with look the induced polarization rate and compare with the numerical range of looking the induced polarization rate with the apparent resistivity of the plurality of target body that presets, with apparent resistivity with look the scope area that the induced polarization rate falls into jointly and come recognition objective body object and visualization display and warning.
But still there is following problem in present focusing class electrical method: the 1. present existing thinking that type electrical survey (-ing) method has all been used for reference oil well logging that focuses on; Belong to the single-point focus type; Single potential electrode just only is set on test surface, does not adopt chromatography to survey, can't obtain the three-dimensional information of geologic body; 2. utilize the curve of each measurement result and tunnel mileage to infer the moisture situation in development end the place ahead, detection range is less, focuses on a type electrical survey (-ing) technology at present and does not get into the practical stage as yet.3. present electrical method class forecasting procedure all can not realize the estimation to the water content water yield, has become technical barrier of domestic and international Tunnel Engineering circle based on the estimation of the water yield of geophysical exploration technology.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art; A kind of underground works chromatographic focusing induced polarization forward probe method is provided, and this method is estimated gushing water, prominent mud disaster source water yield to the three-dimensional imaging of workplace front geological condition chromatography; And do not need continuity to survey, efficient is high.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
Underground works chromatographic focusing induced polarization forward probe method: at first adopt the working method that focuses on, on underground works workplace outline line, arrange a circle guarded electrode A
1,, establish electrodes of A on the survey line arranging many parallel surveys line to the differing heights at top apart from base plate
0With receiving electrode M
1, M
2, also be provided with transmitting electrode B and receiving electrode N on the base plate; The method that adopts chromatography then is image data successively, with electrodes of A
0With guarded electrode A
1Infeed electric current in the same way, test survey line receiving electrode M respectively
1With the electric potential difference of base plate receiving electrode N with when partly declining, and change the survey line receiving electrode M that size of current test different electric flows down
1With the electric potential difference of base plate receiving electrode N with when partly declining; Survey line electric potential difference data with recording are carried out inverting, obtain the 3 D resistivity image of workplace front geological body, realize the three-dimensional localization of water content; With record partly decline the time draw difference data and horizontal range when partly declining concern coordinate diagram, the difference when calculating partly declines and the envelope area S of abscissa axis
t, draw out envelope area S
tTwo-dimensional cross section, realize the estimation of workplace the place ahead water yield.
Described underground works chromatographic focusing induced polarization forward probe method preferably includes following steps:
(1) adopts the working method that focuses on, at first on (tunnel etc.) underground works workplace outline line, arrange a circle equally spaced (preferred 4-8) guarded electrode A
1, apart from base plate 1/3H, two parallel survey line L of 2/3H height placement
1, L
2, every survey line is arranged electrode number N
1=N
2=15, adjacent two distance between electrodes are d, and wherein H is the height of vault apart from base plate; Electrodes of A
0With receiving electrode M
1, M
2Place survey line L
1, L
2(receiving electrode M
1, M
2Adjustable positions and with survey line on the electrode position arranged corresponding, be in order to guarantee M
1M
2Between electric potential difference etc. zero, guarantee focusing effect, measure the electric potential difference between M1 and the N simultaneously), another transmitting electrode B utmost point places on the base plate of workplace rear apart from workplace 100-150m, receiving electrode N places on the base plate;
(2) method that adopts chromatography is image data successively,
1. survey line L
1Electrodes of A
0Infeed positive current I
0, transmitting electrode B infeeds negative current-I
0, guarded electrode A
1Infeed and electrodes of A
0Positive current in the same way keeps electrodes of A
0With potential electrode M
1, M
2Spacing A
0M
1=M
1M
2=nd, wherein d is adjacent two distance between electrodes, n is natural number and 1≤n≤7, moves M
1, M
2The other end from survey line one end to survey line; M
1, M
2Whenever satisfy A
0M
1=M
1M
2=nd moves once, electrode A
0, M
1And M
2Every measurement 1 time is regulated supply current and is made M
1M
2Between electric potential difference U
M1M2=0, and note M
1Electric potential difference U1 between the N
M1NT when partly declining;
2. survey line L
2Repeat sequence L
1Measuring process 1.;
3. electrode A
0Infeed positive current 2I
0, electrode B infeeds negative current-I
0, repeating step 1., 2.;
(3) the 3-d inversion imaging of carrying out water-bearing structure is located, and adopts the processing such as least square inverting iteration based on smooth constraint, with the survey line L that records in the step (2)
1, L
2Electric potential difference data U1
M1NCarry out inverting, obtain the 3 D resistivity image of workplace front geological body, realize the three-dimensional localization of water content; Concrete steps are following:
3 D resistivity inversion equation with smooth constraint.
(A
TA+λC
TC)Δm＝A
TΔd (1)
m
(k+1)＝m
(k)+Δm (2)
In the formula, Δ d is the difference of observation data, and A is a partial derivative matrix, and Δ m is the model parameter correction of grid, and C is the smoothness matrix, and λ is Lagrangian constant, has determined the weight of smooth constraint, m
(k)Be the k time model parameter vector in the iteration, m
(k+1)Be the model parameter vector in the inverting iteration next time.
When carrying out inversion imaging (prior art), at first setting model parameter initial value is just being drilled calculating, and the observation data of the theory of computation compares judgement with data measured, if variance less than setting value, output model parameter then; Otherwise, calculate partial derivative matrix A, the smoothness Matrix C is utilized equation (2) can obtain the model parameter increment in each inverting iteration, thereby is tried to achieve the model parameter m in the next iteration
(k+1), until the variance of the theoretical observation data of just drilling and measurement data less than setting value (precision according to inverting that the user requires is different, and setting value is different, and inversion accuracy is high, and then setting value is less, otherwise setting value is bigger), output model parameter.Thereby inverting obtains the 3 D resistivity image of workplace front geological body, realizes the three-dimensional localization of water content;
Data were carried out the water yield estimation of workplace the place ahead when (4) employing partly declined; With record in the step (2) partly decline the time T data; When decline in two and half of size two primary currents when power supply identical point position data do poor; And draw the coordinate diagram that concerns of difference data and horizontal range when partly declining respectively, calculate difference and the envelope area S of abscissa axis when partly declining
t, and envelope area S
tWith the linear positive correlation of big or small V of the water yield, be the response of the water yield on the occasion of part, by the size on the occasion of the area estimation water yield of part, nearly again one to go on foot horizontal direction with workplace be that the vertical direction of X axle, workplace is the Y axle, draws out envelope area S
tTwo-dimensional cross section, realize the estimation of workplace the place ahead water yield.
The present invention focuses on induced polarization method, adopts the guarded electrode A that is arranged in the workplace outline line
1, make survey line L
1, L
2Last electrodes of A
0Electric current receive electric field extruding and flow into to workplace the place ahead, strengthened the directive property of electric current and improved investigation depth, solved the problem of classic method directive property difference; The chromatography induced polarization method; Adopt a plurality of parallel surveys line to obtain lot of data; Many survey line data are carried out inverting; Realized the three-dimensionalreconstruction of workplace front geological body electrical structure, realized three-dimensional localization, solved the spot measurement of traditional focus class methods and a difficult problem that can't three-dimensional localization underground engineering gushing water, prominent mud disaster source; Gushing water, the water yield estimation of prominent mud disaster source, the difference and the positive correlation of coordinate axis envelope area and the water-bearing structure water yield when partly declining, thus realization is to the estimation of underground engineering gushing water, the mud disaster source water yield of dashing forward.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention proposes the advanced prediction method in a kind of underground works gushing water, prominent mud disaster source based on the focused resistivity imaging; Through at workplace outline line arranging shielding electrode; In shielding area, arrange two parallel surveys line, adopt least square inversion method, realized the three-dimensionalreconstruction of workplace front geological body electrical structure based on smooth constraint; Especially realize the water yield estimation of water-bearing structure, had following characteristic:
1. adopt the focusing-detection pattern, had good forward probe directive property, solved the difficult problem of previous methods side serious interference;
2. the method that chromatographic focusing is surveyed has been proposed; Can obtain the mass data of tunnel front geological information, and distribute, realize the three-dimensional localization of water content through the 3 D resistivity that Inversion Calculation obtains workplace the place ahead; Solved and focused on a type electrical method spot measurement, the difficult problem that can't locate in the past;
3. the difference data in the time of can obtaining induced polarization and partly decline has been drawn difference and the two dimensional cross-section of coordinate axis envelope area when partly declining, has realized the water yield estimation of water-bearing structure, has solved the crucial difficult problem of water content water yield prediction in the underground engineering construction;
4. need not follow the excavation continuous probe of workplace, improve efficient, practice thrift the advanced prediction cost, improve operating efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a detection method process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 a is the planimetric map of measurement mechanism of the present invention,
Fig. 2 b is the elevation drawing of measurement mechanism of the present invention,
Fig. 2 c is an observed pattern synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an inversion method flow process of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a focused resistivity 3-d inversion image of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the difference data figure of the present invention when partly declining.
Fig. 6 is difference and the two-dimensional cross section of coordinate axis envelope area of the present invention when partly declining.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Among detection method of the present invention such as Fig. 1; Flow process comprises: focus on working method and lay, chromatography image data, flow processs such as 3-d inversion location and water yield estimation; Has good forward probe directive property; Realize the poorly three-dimensional localization of plastid and the estimation of the water yield such as water-bearing structure at last, solved and focused on a type electrical method spot measurement, the difficult problem that can't locate in the past.
Embodiment 1:
With certain tunnel is example, and tunnel cross-section is an arch, and the high 10m of span 12m water burst occurs near the mileage YK123+672, and possibly there is water-bearing structure in the place ahead.In order to verify the geological condition in the place ahead,, adopt the chromatographic focusing induced polarization method to carry out forward probe for construction provides foundation and guidance.
(1) concrete working method is shown in Fig. 2 a, b, c.On the tunnel tunnel face outline line, arrange equally spaced 8 the guarded electrode A of a circle
1, apart from tunnel floor 2m, two parallel survey line L of 6m height placement
1, L
2, every survey line is arranged electrode number N
1=N
2=15; Electrodes of A
0With receiving electrode M
1, M
2Place survey line L
1, L
2, another transmitting electrode B utmost point places on the base plate of 150m, and receiving electrode N places on the base plate of 120m;
The idiographic flow of image data is: survey line L
1Electrodes of A
0Infeed positive current 0.1A, transmitting electrode B is a negative pole, guarded electrode A
1Infeed positive current 0.1A, keep electrodes of A
0With potential electrode M
1, M
2Spacing A
0M
1=M
1M
2=nd, M
1, M
2Successively from survey line L
1One end moves to the other end of survey line, and wherein d is adjacent two distance between electrodes, and n is natural number and 1≤n≤7; Electrode A
0, M
1And M
2Every measurement 1 time is regulated supply current and is made M
1M
2Between electric potential difference U
M1M2=0, and note M
1Electric potential difference U1 between the N
M1NT when partly declining; Measure survey line L according to above method
2, adjust electrode A then
0Infeed positive current 0.2A, repeat above surveying work.
(2) the electric potential difference data of gathering are carried out inversion imaging and explain, as shown in Figure 3, adopt processing such as least square inverting iteration, with survey line L based on smooth constraint
1, L
2The electric potential difference data carry out inverting, the inverting objective function is seen formula 3;
Φ＝(Δd-AΔm)
T(Δd-AΔm)+λ(CΔm)
T(CΔm) (3)
In the formula, Φ is the inverting objective function, and Δ d is the difference of observation data, and A is a partial derivative matrix, and Δ m is the model parameter correction of grid, and C is the smoothness matrix, and λ is Lagrangian constant, has determined the weight of smooth constraint.
Formula (3) is carried out can obtaining equation (2), when carrying out inversion imaging after the variation; Setting model parameter initial value at first, this initial value resistivity all is set to 1000 Ω .m, is just drilling calculating; The observation data of the theory of computation; Compare judgement with data measured, if variance is less than setting value (this instance relative value 3%), then output model parameter; Otherwise, calculate partial derivative matrix A, the susceptibility Matrix C is utilized equation (2) can obtain the model parameter increment in each inverting iteration, thereby is tried to achieve the model parameter m in the next iteration
(k+1), until the variance of theoretical observation data of just drilling and measurement data less than setting value, the output model parameter.Thereby inverting obtains the 3 D resistivity image of workplace front geological body, realizes the three-dimensional localization of water content.The data interpretation three-dimensional imaging result of this detection, as shown in Figure 4, there are many water guide cracks in YK123+672～YK123+652, this section country rock, YK123+652～YK123+642, this section country rock watery is stronger.
(3) carry out the estimation of the water-bearing structure water yield; Data were carried out the water yield estimation of workplace the place ahead when employing partly declined; With record partly decline the time T data, two and half of identical point position data when declining are done poorly when 0.1A, the power supply of 0.2A two primary currents, and draw the coordinate diagram that concerns of difference data and horizontal range when partly declining respectively; As shown in Figure 5, the difference when calculating partly declines and the envelope area S of abscissa axis
t, and envelope area S
tWith the linear positive correlation of big or small V of the water yield, be the response of the water yield on the occasion of part, by the size of estimating the water yield on the occasion of the area of part; A nearly again step is that the vertical direction of X axle, workplace is the Y axle with the horizontal direction of workplace, draws out envelope area S
tTwo-dimensional cross section, realize the estimation of workplace the place ahead water yield, as shown in Figure 6, the water yield and Fig. 4 are comparatively identical.
Claims (5)
1. underground works chromatographic focusing induced polarization forward probe method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: at first adopt the working method that focuses on, on underground works workplace outline line, arrange a circle guarded electrode A
1,, establish electrodes of A on the survey line arranging many parallel surveys line to the differing heights at top apart from base plate
0With receiving electrode M
1, M
2, also be provided with transmitting electrode B and receiving electrode N on the base plate; The method that adopts chromatography then is image data successively, with electrodes of A
0With guarded electrode A
1Infeed electric current in the same way, test survey line receiving electrode M respectively
1With the electric potential difference of base plate receiving electrode N with when partly declining, and change the survey line receiving electrode M that size of current test different electric flows down
1With the electric potential difference of base plate receiving electrode N with when partly declining; Survey line electric potential difference data with recording are carried out inverting, obtain the 3 D resistivity image of workplace front geological body, realize the three-dimensional localization of water content; With record partly decline the time draw difference data and horizontal range when partly declining concern coordinate diagram, the difference when calculating partly declines and the envelope area S of abscissa axis
t, draw out envelope area S
tTwo-dimensional cross section, realize the estimation of workplace the place ahead water yield.
2. underground works chromatographic focusing induced polarization forward probe method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) adopts the working method that focuses on, at first on underground works workplace outline line, arrange the equally spaced guarded electrode A of a circle
1, apart from base plate 1/3H, two parallel survey line L of 2/3H height placement
1, L
2, every survey line arranges that electrode number is respectively N
1, N
2, and N
1=N
2, adjacent two distance between electrodes are d, wherein H is the height of vault apart from base plate; Survey line L
1, L
2On all establish electrodes of A
0With receiving electrode M
1, M
2, receiving electrode M
1, M
2Adjustable positions and with survey line on the electrode position arranged corresponding, also be provided with transmitting electrode B and receiving electrode N on the base plate;
(2) method that adopts chromatography is image data successively
1. survey line L
1Electrodes of A
0Infeed positive current I
0, transmitting electrode B infeeds negative current-I
0, guarded electrode A
1Infeed and electrodes of A
0Positive current in the same way keeps electrodes of A
0With potential electrode M
1, M
2Spacing A
0M
1=M
1M
2=nd, wherein d is adjacent two distance between electrodes, n is natural number and 1≤n≤7, moves M
1, M
2The other end from survey line one end to survey line; M
1, M
2Whenever satisfy A
0M
1=M
1M
2=nd moves once, electrode A
0, M
1And M
2Every measurement 1 time, and the adjusting supply current makes M
1M
2Between electric potential difference U
M1M2=0, and note M
1Electric potential difference U1 between the N
M1NT when partly declining;
2. survey line L
2Repeat sequence L
1Measuring process 1.;
3. electrode A
0Infeed positive current 2I
0, electrode B infeeds negative current-I
0, repeating step 1., 2.;
(3) the 3-d inversion imaging of carrying out water-bearing structure is located, with the survey line L that records in the step (2)
1, L
2Electric potential difference data U1
M1NCarry out inverting, obtain the 3 D resistivity image of workplace front geological body, realize the three-dimensional localization of water content;
Data were carried out the water yield estimation of workplace the place ahead when (4) employing partly declined; With record in the step (2) partly decline the time T data; When decline in two and half of size two primary currents when power supply identical point position data do poor; And draw the coordinate diagram that concerns of difference data and horizontal range when partly declining respectively, calculate difference and the envelope area S of abscissa axis when partly declining
t, and envelope area S
tWith the linear positive correlation of big or small V of the water yield, be the response of the water yield on the occasion of part, by the size on the occasion of the area estimation water yield of part, nearly again one to go on foot horizontal direction with workplace be that the vertical direction of X axle, workplace is the Y axle, draws out envelope area S
tTwo-dimensional cross section, realize the estimation of workplace the place ahead water yield.
3. underground works chromatographic focusing induced polarization forward probe method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, guarded electrode A in the step (1)
1Number be 4～8, N
1=N
2=15.
4. underground works chromatographic focusing induced polarization forward probe method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, I in the step (2)
0Span 0.1A～0.5A.
5. underground works chromatographic focusing induced polarization forward probe method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, step (3) is specially with having the 3 D resistivity inversion equation of smooth constraint:
(A
TA+λC
TC)Δm＝A
TΔd (1)
m
(k+1)＝m
(k)+Δm (2)
In the formula, Δ d is the difference of observation data, and A is a partial derivative matrix, and Δ m is the model parameter correction of grid, and C is the smoothness matrix, and λ is Lagrangian constant, has determined the weight of smooth constraint, m
(k)Be the k time model parameter vector in the iteration, m
(k+1)Be the model parameter vector in the inverting iteration next time;
At first setting model parameter initial value is just being drilled calculating, and the observation data of the theory of computation compares judgement with data measured, if variance less than setting value, output model parameter then; Otherwise, calculate partial derivative matrix A, the smoothness Matrix C is utilized equation (2) to obtain the model parameter increment in each inverting iteration, thereby is tried to achieve the model parameter m in the next iteration
(k+1), less than setting value, the output model parameter obtains the 3 D resistivity image of workplace front geological body with the model parameter inverting that obtains until the variance of theoretical observation data of just drilling and measurement data.
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