CN110133726B - Method for arranging exploration survey lines of railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method - Google Patents
Method for arranging exploration survey lines of railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The arrangement method of the exploration survey line of the railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method is used for effectively exploring the geological condition of the underground section of the line in the railway line, ensuring the reliability of geophysical prospecting data and realizing the economy, rationality and high efficiency of exploration engineering to the greatest extent. The survey line includes: a central line arranged at the line center; the left side line group and the right side line group are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of a line center line along the line direction, each line in the left side line group and the right side line group is symmetrically arranged relative to a central line, the line spacing of the same side line is the minimum line spacing from the nearest line spacing to the central line, and the line spacing gradually changes to the maximum line spacing from the farthest line to the central line; the distance between the most edge line of the left side line group and the most edge line of the right side line group is 2 times of the exploration depth of the tunnel; the length of each line in the central line, the left line group and the right line group is the sum of the tunnel length and the length of the extension section extending outwards from the two ends of the tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of applied geophysics, in particular to a method for arranging exploration survey lines by a railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method.
Background
The length of the positive line from Atan to Linzhi is about 1000 km, wherein the total length of the tunnel is about 800 km, and the tunnel line ratio is up to 80%. The line passes through the transverse mountain, passes through Jinsha river, lan cangjiang river and anger river, is the most difficult railway of the world topography geological conditions, and is extremely outstanding in the problems of steep topography, high cold hypoxia and the like along the line, and a great part of tunnel section personnel cannot reach the line position to carry out ground geophysical prospecting work, so that 60% of the sections are expected to have data blank.
The aviation geophysical prospecting method is divided into four main types of methods of aviation gravity, aviation magnetic method, aviation radioactivity and aviation electromagnetic method, wherein the first three main types of aviation geophysical prospecting methods cannot determine the depth of a detected target body. The depth of the detected target body can be determined by the aviation electromagnetic method, but at present, the detection depth of aviation electromagnetic method instruments produced by most instrument manufacturers at home and abroad is generally not more than 200 meters, but the buried depth of a Sichuan-hidden railway tunnel is mostly about 800 meters, and some local buried depths of tunnels are even more than 1000 meters, so that the detection depth of the aviation electromagnetic method is seriously shallow and cannot meet the requirement of the exploration depth of the railway tunnel, and therefore, the aviation electromagnetic method is not used for railway geophysical prospecting until 2018.
In recent 10 years, with the progress and development of technology, canada GEOTECH company (GEOTECH GROUP OF COMPANIES) develops two systems of an aviation transient electromagnetic method and an aviation natural field electromagnetic method, the company improves the diameter, the transmitting power, the transmitting waveform, the instrument materials, the components and the like of a transmitting coil of an electromagnetic instrument greatly, the detection depth is improved greatly, and a great breakthrough is made in the aviation electromagnetic technology. The company cooperates with a China nuclear industry aviation remote center, and in mineral resource aviation electromagnetic method exploration work in alpine mountain areas such as Qinghai geldano, the detection depth of the aviation transient electromagnetic method can reach 400-600 meters, and the resolution ratio of method data is higher; the detection depth of the aviation natural field electromagnetic method can reach 2000 meters, and the resolution of method data is macroscopic.
Therefore, in 2018, 12 months the applicant adopts aviation transient electromagnetic method and aviation natural field electromagnetic method exploration technology developed by GEOTECH company in Canada to explore tunnels from Qinghai to Changdu section of Sichuan-Tibetan railway, which is the first time in geological exploration of railway tunnels at home and abroad.
The purpose of the exploration by adopting the aviation electromagnetic method is to explore main lithology boundary lines and geological structures, in particular to explore fault occurrence (visual dip angle), broken zone width and burial depth and scale of broken weak or water-rich rock mass, and the important interpretation of data in the height range of a tunnel hole is needed to provide basic data for tunnel design.
The aviation electromagnetic method is mainly used in mineral resource exploration, an exploration area is generally rectangular on a plane, and the geological condition of the underground of the rectangular area is required to be obtained through exploration, so that the mineral resource exploration belongs to area exploration, and the survey line arrangement is generally a rectangular grid with equal line spacing formed by several to hundreds of survey lines. Generally, the distance between the measuring lines is small, the exploration precision is high, but the cost is also high; on the contrary, if the line spacing of the measuring lines is large, the exploration precision is low and the cost is low. The tunnel geological exploration or the line scheme comparison selection is carried out on the Sichuan-Tibetan railway by using an aviation electromagnetic method, the geological exploration in the engineering field of China or the world railway engineering exploration still belongs to the first time, and the line arrangement of the railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method exploration is not a precedent for reference.
In the tunnel geological exploration of a Sichuan railway, the exploration depth is required to be in the range from the ground to 50 meters below the tunnel base, namely, the exploration depth is about 0-1500 meters, and the geological conditions in the height range of the tunnel hole should be mainly explored. The tunnels which need to be explored by the aeroelectromagnetic method in the Sichuan-Tibetan railway are generally long and deep buried tunnels which are steep in topography, high and cold in anoxia and can not reach the ground level for ground geophysical prospecting, most of the buried depths of the tunnels are about 800m, and meanwhile, the topography of the tunnels is large in fluctuation, so that the tunnels are characterized by large exploration depth and large exploration depth change in a small range. In order to meet the geological exploration purpose requirement of the Sichuan-Tibetan railway tunnel, two methods of an aviation transient electromagnetic method and an aviation natural field electromagnetic method are adopted for exploration, and three-dimensional joint inversion of the two methods is carried out in data processing. If the measuring lines are arranged at equal intervals in the mineral resource exploration mode, when the condition of the underground section exploration precision in the tunnel center line is met, the small line spacing and the large number of the measuring lines are required, but the exploration cost is high. If the distance between the measuring lines is large, the number of the measuring lines is small, the detection cost is low, but the exploration precision of the underground section of the central line cannot be met.
Comprehensively considering the situations, in order to achieve the aim of railway tunnel exploration, a survey line arrangement method suitable for railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method exploration is provided, and the overall thought is as follows: in order to ensure the exploration precision, the exploration depth and the basic requirements for three-dimensional inversion of the underground section of the line in the railway line strip engineering, the line is taken as the center, the measuring lines are arranged along the line direction, namely, the line spacing of the measuring lines close to the line is smaller, so that the exploration precision of the underground section of the line can be ensured, the line spacing of the measuring lines far from the line is larger, and the workload of arranging the measuring lines can be saved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for arranging exploration survey lines by a railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method, so as to effectively explore the geological condition of a line underground section in a railway line, ensure the reliability of geophysical prospecting data and realize the economy, rationality and high efficiency of exploration engineering to the greatest extent.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for arranging exploration survey lines by a railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method, which is characterized in that the exploration survey lines comprise: a central line arranged at the line center; the left side line group and the right side line group are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of a line center line along the line direction, each line in the left side line group and the right side line group is symmetrically arranged relative to a central line, the line spacing of the same side line is the minimum line spacing from the nearest line spacing to the central line, and the line spacing gradually changes to the maximum line spacing from the farthest line to the central line; the distance between the most edge line of the left side line group and the most edge line of the right side line group is 2 times of the exploration depth of the tunnel; the length of each line in the central line, the left line group and the right line group is the sum of the tunnel length and the length of the extension section extending outwards from the two ends of the tunnel.
The left side line group consists of 5 lines, and a first line, a second line, a third line, a fourth line and a fifth line are sequentially arranged from far to near from the central line; the right side line group is composed of 5 lines, and a seventh line, an eighth line, a ninth line, a tenth line and an eleventh line are sequentially arranged from the middle line from the near to the far.
The distance between the fifth line, the seventh line and the central line is 50m; the distance between the fourth line and the fifth line and the distance between the seventh line and the eighth line are 100m; the distance between the third line and the fourth line and the distance between the eighth line and the ninth line are 200m; the distance between the second measuring line and the third measuring line and the distance between the ninth measuring line and the tenth measuring line are 300m; the distance between the first line and the second line and the distance between the eleventh line and the tenth line are 400m; the distance between the first line and the eleventh line is 2100m.
The length of the extension section is 3000m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the invention is mainly characterized in the following aspects
1. The exploration lines are arranged at unequal intervals along the line direction, the line spacing of the lines close to the central line is gradually changed into the line spacing of the lines far from the central line, the arrangement quantity of the lines is greatly reduced, and the geological condition of the underground section of the central line of the exploration line can be effectively explored by adopting the lines with less arrangement. If a 50m equidistant arrangement survey line method is adopted according to mineral resource exploration, 43 survey lines are required to be arranged, so that the workload is high and the cost is high; if a 200m equidistant measuring line arrangement method is adopted according to mineral resource exploration, 12 measuring lines are arranged, but the three-dimensional inversion data of the underground section of the central line has low precision due to the large distance between the measuring lines near the central line, and the purpose of effectively exploring the geological condition of the underground section of the central line cannot be achieved. The method for arranging the 11 measuring lines at unequal intervals not only saves the workload of 32 measuring lines, but also ensures the quality and the precision of the geophysical prospecting data of the line underground section, thereby achieving the purpose of exploring the geological condition of the line underground section of the railway line.
2. The distance between the two extreme edge survey lines on two sides of the line is 2 times of the exploration depth, and the exploration depth of the aviation electromagnetic method in the line center line-tunnel position can reach the range from the ground to 50 meters below the tunnel base through three-dimensional inversion of data, so that the basic requirement of the exploration depth of the tunnel of the Sichuan-Tibetan railway is met;
3. the adverse effect of the edge effect of the data at the two ends of the test line is overcome by adopting an arrangement method that the two ends of the test line respectively extend for 3000m;
4. the number of the arranged survey lines is only 1/4 of that of the method of arranging the survey lines at equal intervals by adopting 50m in mineral resource exploration, namely, about 4 times of workload is saved, the survey lines are arranged according to the method of the invention in whole Sichuan-Tibetan railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method exploration, and the exploration cost of the Sichuan-Tibetan railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method is estimated to be about 1.5 hundred million yuan, so that the invention saves about 4.5 hundred million yuan of aviation geophysical prospecting cost.
The invention provides scientific basis for the survey line arrangement of the railway tunnel electromagnetic method exploration, ensures the reliability of the geophysical prospecting data of the central line underground section, and realizes economy, rationality and high efficiency to the greatest extent.
Drawings
The specification includes the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic (elevation) view of a method of arranging survey lines of the present invention for railway tunnel aero-electromagnetic method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic (plan) view of a method of arranging survey lines of the present invention for railway tunnel aero-electromagnetic method;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of inversion resistivity cross section-line spacing of the extreme edge lines on the left and right sides of the line center versus depth of investigation;
4-12 are three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity sectional views of the central lines of different line arrangements and combination lines in a multi-fold tunnel aviation electromagnetic method exploration test;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the experimental results of the electromagnetic method of the aviation of the tunnel of the example 1-Kazakhstan;
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the results of the electromagnetic method of the tea tunnel of example 2;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the results of the airborne electromagnetic method of the tunnel of Cula mountain, example 3.
The labels and corresponding names are shown in the figure: line center line A, line length L, tunnel length L 0 Length of extension L 1 First line 1, second line 2, third line 3, fourth line 4, fifth line 5, center line 6, seventh line 7, eighth line 8, ninth line 9, tenth line 10, and eleventh line 11.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and 3 examples.
In the exploration of a Sichuan-Tibetan railway tunnel, the exploration depth is required to be 1000m. Referring to fig. 3, when the line spacing between the two extreme edge lines on the left and right sides is greater than 2000m, the space between the two extreme edge lines on the left and right sides is greater than 2000m, namely 2100m, because the space between the two extreme edge lines on the left and right sides is about 1000m, which is about 2 times the depth of the tunnel exploration. According to the line arrangement principle of the line spacing of the equal line of the existing mineral resource exploration, the line arrangement of the railway tunnel exploration is carried out, when a method of arranging the line at the line spacing of 50m small equal line is adopted, 43 lines are required to be arranged, and the arrangement of the line spacing of the line can meet the exploration precision of the underground section of the line, but the workload is high and the cost is high. When a 200m large equal line spacing arrangement method is adopted, 12 lines are required to be arranged, but the three-dimensional inversion data of the underground section of the midline is low in precision due to the large line spacing of the lines near the midline, so that the purpose of exploring the geological condition of the underground section of the midline cannot be achieved.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the method for arranging exploration survey lines of a railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method is characterized in that the exploration survey lines comprise: a central line 6 arranged at the line center line A; the left side line group and the right side line group are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the line center line A along the line direction, each line in the left side line group and the right side line group is symmetrically arranged relative to the central line 6, and the line spacing of the same side line is the nearest to the central line 6The line spacing of the measuring lines is minimum, the line spacing of the measuring lines gradually changing to the farthest distance from the central measuring line 6 is maximum, the arrangement quantity of the measuring lines is greatly saved, the geological condition of the underground section of the central line of the railway line can be effectively explored, the reliability of geophysical prospecting data is ensured, and the economical efficiency, rationality and high efficiency of exploration engineering are realized to the greatest extent. The distance between the most edge line of the left side line group and the most edge line of the right side line group is 2 times of the exploration depth of the tunnel, and the exploration depth of the tunnel position can reach the range from the ground to 50 meters below the tunnel base, so that the basic requirement of the exploration depth of the tunnel of the Sichuan-Tibetan railway is met. The length L of each line in the central line 6, the left line group and the right line group is the tunnel length L 0 And an extension length L extending outwards from two ends of the tunnel 1 And the sum of the two data edges is used for overcoming the adverse effect of the data edge effect at the two ends of the test line.
Referring to fig. 2, as a preferable solution, the left side line group is composed of 5 lines, and from far to near to the central line 6, there are a first line 1, a second line 2, a third line 3, a fourth line 4 and a fifth line 5 in sequence; the right side line group is composed of 5 lines, and a seventh line 7, an eighth line 8, a ninth line 9, a tenth line 10 and an eleventh line 11 are sequentially arranged from the middle line 6 from the near to the far. Compared with the traditional measuring line arrangement method, the method for arranging 11 measuring lines at unequal intervals saves the workload of 32 measuring lines, ensures the quality and the precision of the geophysical prospecting data of the central line underground section, and achieves the purpose of exploring the geological condition of the central line underground section of a railway line. In the exploration of tunnel aviation electromagnetic methods of Sichuan-Tibetan railways, the adoption of the survey line arrangement method can save the cost by 4.5 hundred million yuan, and has remarkable economic benefit.
Referring to fig. 2, as a further preferable aspect, a distance between the fifth line 5, the seventh line 7 and the central line 6 is 50m; the distance between the fourth measuring line 4 and the fifth measuring line 5 and the distance between the seventh measuring line 7 and the eighth measuring line 8 are 100m; the distance between the third measuring line 3 and the fourth measuring line 4 and the distance between the eighth measuring line 8 and the ninth measuring line 9 are 200m; the distance between the second measuring line 2 and the third measuring line 3 and the distance between the ninth measuring line 9 and the tenth measuring line 10 are 300m; the distance between the first measuring line 1 and the second measuring line 2 and the distance between the eleventh measuring line 11 and the tenth measuring line 10 are 400m; the distance between the first measuring line 1 and the eleventh measuring line 11 is 2100m, and the requirement of the exploration depth of 1000m can be met.
Referring to FIG. 1, the extension length L 1 3000m is sufficient to overcome the adverse effects of the data edge effect at both ends of the line.
Example 1-exploration test of Sichuan-Tibetan railway folding multi-mountain tunnel by aviation electromagnetic method
(1) Purpose of test
Aeroelectromagnetic method exploration tests are carried out on sections AK 289+000-AK 270+000 of the Sichuan-Tibetan railway multi-mountain tunnel from 22 days of 12 months in 2018 to 28 days of 1 month in 2019. The region traffic of the multi-fold tunnel is convenient, and before the test work, the ground audio magnetotelluric prospecting work is carried out on most of the sections of the test section. The purpose of carrying out the aeroelectromagnetic method exploration test is as follows:
1. the main lithology boundary line and geological structure are explored, especially the fault occurrence (visual dip angle) and the burial depth and scale of broken weak or water-rich rock mass are detected, the data in the height range of the tunnel hole should be interpreted with emphasis, and basic data is provided for tunnel design.
2. The method compares the information of the aviation electromagnetic method with the information of the ground audio magnetotelluric method and the geological information of the corresponding section, evaluates the test effect and the exploration capacity of the aviation electromagnetic method exploration, and provides basis and decision for the subsequent development of tunnel aviation geophysical prospecting work of the whole Sichuan-Tibetan railway.
3. The method for arranging the survey lines of the railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method is verified, namely the effect of the method is achieved, and the survey line arrangement of the aviation electromagnetic method is optimized according to the test result.
(2) Geological profile
The Zhuanduo mountain tunnel is located in Kangding county, sichuan province and is a mountain area in high school. The tunnel left line length is about 38380m and the right line length is about 38450m.
The exposed stratum of the test section of the zebra tunnel is mainly as follows: and (5) covering the fourth-line coarse gravel soil, pebble soil and block stone soil. The lower bedrock is a triad system upper system two river mouth group (T) 3 ln) shallow metamorphic siltstone, argillaceous siltstone slate, sericite slateEtc., dwarf bonobu group (T) 3 zw) quartz sandstone and slate are layered, miscellaneous grain brain group (T) 3 z) metamorphic quartz sandstone, metamorphic calcic quartz sandstone interlayer rock; the new granite series is broom corn millet prismatic rock (myl), fine-coarse biotite and two-long granite (eta gamma N) 1 ) Etc.
Tunnel test section is located in the vicinity of the junction of the panne-Ganmai fold system and the Yangzi standard platform of the ancient-Zhongsheng-Chang Pond-Sanjiang construction area (North Teposi construction domain) of the ancient-Zhenhua Su-Hiragana construction area of the east edge of the globally well-known Teposi-Himalayan construction domain in terms of earth structure, and is broken and developed relatively and the magma activity is frequent.
The main breaks traversed by the test section of the zedoxhan tunnel are F13 jade Long Xi break, F14 Lejeep break, F17 Duol Jin Cuo-Dragon ancient break, F21 span break and the like.
(3) Line arrangement
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in order to overcome adverse effects of data edge effects and meet basic requirements of three-dimensional inversion on detection depth in data processing, according to research on an aeroelectromagnetic method and practical working experience summary, longitudinal lengths of test lines are extended 3000m at two ends respectively on the basis of required test line lengths; the two edge-most line spacing should be about 2 times the desired probe depth. In the geophysical prospecting of a Sichuan-Tibetan railway tunnel, the exploration depth is generally required to be 1000m. For this purpose, 1 line is first arranged in the line center line positions AK292+000 to AK267+000, then 9 lines are symmetrically arranged in the line center line, respectively, in parallel lines are arranged at the left and right sides of the line positions AK292+000 to AK267+000, and the line intervals are respectively 50m, 100m and 200m, that is, the line interval closest to the center line is gradually changed from 50m to 400m.
(4) Test results
(1) Line layout optimization
One of the purposes of the exploration test of the folding multi-mountain tunnel aviation electromagnetic method is to verify the arrangement method of the exploration survey lines of the railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method, which is the effect of the invention, and optimize the arrangement of the survey lines.
And (5) selecting a survey line: in the test, 19 measuring lines are arranged along the line direction and symmetrical to the left side and the right side of the line, in order to compare the detection effect of the aeroelectromagnetic method arranged by different numbers of measuring lines and optimize the arrangement of the measuring lines, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 measuring lines are respectively extracted from the 19 measuring lines, 9 combinations are carried out, namely three-dimensional joint inversion imaging is carried out by the combined data of the 9 extracted measuring lines around the line central line underground section, finally, the three-dimensional joint inversion imaging result of the 9 central line underground sections is compared with ground audio magnetotelluric method data and geological data to evaluate the detection effect of the aeroelectromagnetic method, and the three-dimensional joint resistivity inversion imaging result is carried out around the line central line underground section by the extracted combination of the 9 measuring line data, and is shown in fig. 4 to 12.
In order to meet the basic requirements of three-dimensional joint inversion on exploration depth and data integrity in data processing, the principle of selecting the survey lines is as follows:
1. the line spacing of the edge-most lines on the left and right sides of the line should be 2 times the required probing depth. The test requires a detection depth of about 1000m, so that the line spacing between two extreme edge lines is 2100m;
2. firstly, 1 line is selected at the line center position, then the line center is symmetrical along the line direction, the line is selected at the left side and the right side, and the line distance is gradually changed from the line close to the center to the line far from the center.
And (3) comparing and evaluating: on the one hand, as can be seen from fig. 4 to 12, the electrical characteristics of the 9 three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity profiles have approximate correspondence in a macroscopic sense, wherein 3, 5, 7 and 9 lines are arranged, namely, the three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity profiles of 4 line combinations are similar in characteristics, but not high in similarity, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 lines are arranged, namely, the three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity profiles of 5 line combinations are similar in characteristics and high in similarity, the three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity profile data of the latter 5 line combinations are more reliable, and the analysis reason is that the line spacing of the latter 5 line combinations is smaller than that of the former 4 line combinations, so that the inversion data precision is high, and the inversion result is more reliable; on the other hand, the comparison result with the ground audio magnetotelluric data and the geological data shows that: the three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity sectional view of the arrangement of 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 measuring lines is better in reflection on main stratum boundary lines and fault fracture zones and higher in consistency compared with the three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity sectional view of the arrangement of 3, 5, 7 and 9 measuring lines.
Line arrangement optimization results: comprehensively considering factors such as data quality, construction period, cost and the like, and under the condition of simultaneously meeting the minimum tunnel exploration precision and the minimum arrangement quantity of the measuring lines, the test result shows that: in the aviation electromagnetic method exploration of the Sichuan-Tibetan railway tunnel, the principle of 11 line arrangement is preferably adopted, namely firstly 1 line is arranged at the line central line position, then 5 lines are respectively arranged at the symmetrical line central line and the left and right positions, the line spacing is respectively 50m, 100m, 200m, 300m and 400m, namely the line spacing gradually changes from the nearest line spacing to the farthest line spacing to the central line to 400m, the distance between two extreme edge line spacing is 2100m, and the specific arrangement of the line is shown in fig. 1 and 2 in detail.
(2) Data comparison
According to the above-mentioned measurement line arrangement optimization result, the three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity profile data (upper part of fig. 13, hereinafter referred to as aviation electromagnetic method data) of the line center line of 11 measurement line arrangements are compared with the inversion resistivity profile data (upper part of fig. 13, hereinafter referred to as ground geophysical prospecting data) and geological data (middle part of fig. 13), and the main characteristics are summarized as follows:
macroscopic electrical characteristics roughly correspond to: in sections AK 291+310-AK 290+180 and AK 279+810-AK274+550, the aviation electromagnetic method data and the ground geophysical prospecting data are both displayed as low-resistance background areas; in sections AK 284+790-AK 283+110, the aeroelectromagnetic method data are displayed as low-resistance anomalies, but in the section of ground geophysical prospecting data are displayed as high-resistance background areas, and contradiction exists between the two data. And displaying the aviation electromagnetic method data and the ground geophysical prospecting data in the rest sections as medium-high resistance background areas. Therefore, statistics show that the macro electrical characteristics of the paragraphs of the electromagnetic method data and the ground geophysical prospecting data are about 85% identical. The comparison result of the two data shows that the macro electrical characteristics of the aviation electromagnetic method data and the ground geophysical prospecting data are approximately corresponding.
Correspondence of electrical anomaly feature consistency: near the AK290+315, AK283+370, AK282+230, AK279+710 and AK274+690 positions, both the aeroelectromagnetic data and the ground geophysical data show a high-value band of resistivity gradients. Therefore, statistics show that the same electrical abnormal characteristics appear near the same position of the aviation electromagnetic method data and the ground geophysical prospecting data. The comparison of the two data shows that the electric abnormal characteristics of the aviation electromagnetic method data and the ground geophysical prospecting data have consistent correspondence.
Comparison results: in conclusion, the ground audio magnetotelluric method is a main geophysical prospecting method for tunnel geological exploration at present and is also a relatively mature geophysical prospecting method; the aviation electromagnetic method exploration data and the ground audio magnetotelluric method exploration data have better correspondence indication, in particular to correspondence indication of consistency of electrical abnormal characteristics: the two data show good results on the main stratum boundary line, the fault fracture zone and the like, namely the aviation electromagnetic method has good detection effect on the main stratum boundary line and the fault fracture zone, and meets the basic requirements of tunnel geological exploration.
(3) Aviation electromagnetic method exploration result
And (3) displaying exploration data of an aviation electromagnetic method:
1. the position near AK274+600 is the boundary between sedimentary rock and igneous rock;
2. the fracture zones are formed at AK290+315, AK283+370, AK282+230, AK279+710 and AK 274+690;
3. v-type geophysical prospecting anomalies exist in sections of AK 291+070-AK 290+690, AK 284+780-AK 283+460, AK 278+880-AK 277+910 and the like;
4. although the sections AK292+000 to AK274+690 are all basically of the same stratum lithology, the sections AK279+710 to AK274+690 have lower background values of resistivity, so that the geological structure development of the section, the weak fracture of tunnel surrounding rock or water content are presumed.
In conclusion, the following two achievements are obtained through a folding multi-mountain tunnel aviation electromagnetic method exploration test:
1. in the electromagnetic method exploration of the railway tunnel, 11 measuring lines are arranged at unequal intervals along the line direction and symmetrical line central line and on the left side and the right side of the line, namely, the distance between the measuring lines closest to the central line is gradually changed from smaller to larger, and the distance between the two most edge measuring lines is twice the exploration depth of the tunnel.
2. The high coincidence degree of the aviation electromagnetic method exploration data, the ground audio magnetotelluric method exploration data and the geological data shows that the method for arranging the survey lines according to the invention has good exploration effects on main stratum boundary lines and fault fracture zones.
Example 2 and example 3-Sichuan railway Chalo tunnel and Cula mountain tunnel aero electromagnetic prospecting
(1) Purpose of exploration
The method adopts an aviation electromagnetic method to explore the theaters and the cumin mountain tunnels, aims to find out main lithology boundary lines and geological structures, especially to find out fault occurrence (visual dip angle) and burial depth and scale of broken, weak, karst development or water-rich rock mass, and aims to mainly interpret data in the height range of the tunnel holes so as to provide basic data for tunnel design.
(2) Geological profile
(1) Tea-leaf tunnel
The tea-leaf tunnel is positioned between the tea-leaf county of Bapool county and the pine county of Moxivillage of Bapool, the total length is 11870m, the tea-leaf tunnel belongs to a construction degraded mountain area, the ground elevation is 3400-4900 m, and the maximum relative height difference is about 1460m.
Tunnel earth surface overlaying fourth System New System flood product (Q) 4 al+pl ) Powdery clay, pebble clay and crushed stone clay; residual slope product (Q) 4 dl+el ) Powdery clay, breccia soil; one section (T) of the underlaying rice urban district tri-stack series clothing 2 ly) grey metamorphic fine-medium grain feldspar quartz mixed sandstone, metamorphic argillite siltstone and dark grey argillite sericite interbedded; three-fold lower system party group (T) 1 d) Gray-gray black sericite, variegated phyllite, metamorphic argillite, pinch-crystallized limestone and white cloud oolitic limestone; over the two-fold period, the Tongda Gaoliban group three-section (P 3 g 3 ) Mainly comprises light gray-gray thin-thick layer crystalline limestone, tremolite marble, quartz-containing marble, dark gray sericite phyllite, sandy slate and variable-base volcanic rock; system tower Li Bo group (D) 3 t) medium-thick lamellar crystalline limestone in medium-thick-massive fine-grained marble clamps; basin system Siberian cocklebur group (D) 2 c) Middle thickness to upperThick layer-like crystalline limestone, dolomitic limestone, and small amount of sandy slate; poor system in clay basin system (D) 2 q) thick-block crystalline limestone, biological limestone, fine-grain dolomite, dolomitic limestone with small amounts of argillaceous limestone and shale.
The tea-Luo tunnel is located in Tibet-Sanjiang mountain system, and passes through F1 (Xueba-Yidun fault), F2 (Changgai-Lema fault), F4 (Jiang-Yi fault), F5 (Dongjiang-Sang Qu fault), F12 (Fangba North-Siraio fault) and F13 (Yidun heat pit North east fault) faults.
(2) Cudrania tunnel
The Cula mountain tunnel is located in tribute county Luo Maixiang and then Baxiang, has the full length of 30015 m, belongs to the field of structure ablation and corrosion of mountain-mountain land features, and has the ground elevation of 3000-5100 m and the maximum relative height difference of 2100m.
Tunnel earth surface covering fourth system new flood lamination (Q) 4 al+pl ) Powdery clay, fine round gravel soil, broken stone soil and pebble soil; slope residual layer (Q) 4 dl+el ) A powdery clay; the underlying bedrock is a male pine group marble group (P t xn b ) Clamping the schist and the quartzite by the marble; androstane group gneiss group (P) t xn a ) Gneiss, flaky rock and broom corn rock; (eta gamma) 5 2b ) Two-long granite (mountain-like period); (eta gamma) 5 1 ) Two-long granite (print period); (γδ) 5 1 ) Granite amphibole (seal period); (γδ) 4 ) Granite amphibole (Hua Li western phase).
The tunnel is positioned in the Jinshajiang suture belt, has a relatively developed structure and passes through 9 faults such as a bamboo-mountain rock fault, a Luo Mai-ani fault, a Porro-wood cooperative fault and the like.
(3) Line arrangement
In the electromagnetic method survey of the CHILO tunnel and the Cula mountain tunnel, the test result of the electromagnetic method survey of the ZUO mountain tunnel, namely the optimal result of the line arrangement, is adopted, namely the line arrangement method (see figure 2 in detail) of the invention is adopted to arrange the line.
(4) Application effects
The three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity sectional view and geological data of the line center lines of the CHARO tunnel and the Cula mountain tunnel are comprehensively analyzed, and the geophysical prospecting data are taken as the main materials and the geological data are taken as the auxiliary materials, so that the explanation principle is as follows:
1. and interpreting the resistivity gradient high-value band in the inversion resistivity section chart as a fault fracture band by combining geological data.
2. Dividing low-resistance anomalies in a three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity section graph of a line center line into geophysical prospecting V anomalies, geophysical prospecting IV anomalies and geophysical prospecting III anomalies and II areas according to the relative sizes of inversion resistivity values from small to large, wherein the low-resistance anomalies correspond to extremely broken, extremely soft and weak, karst intense development or rich water bodies respectively; breaking, softening, karst, etc. developing or water-containing rock mass; weak rock mass and more complete rock mass are developed more broken, weaker or strong karst.
The explanation results and the exploration effects of the electromagnetic method exploration data of the tea-leaf tunnel and the Cula mountain tunnel are as follows:
(1) tea-leaf tunnel
Fig. 4 is an aeroelectromagnetic method exploration result data of the tea-leaf tunnel, the upper part of fig. 14 is an aeroelectromagnetic method exploration three-dimensional joint inversion resistivity section chart, the middle part of fig. 14 is a geological longitudinal section chart, and the lower part of fig. 14 is an aeroelectromagnetic method exploration data geological interpretation result section chart. According to the data interpretation principle 1, the resistivity gradient high-value zone shown in the upper data of fig. 14 is interpreted as a fault fracture zone in combination with the geological data in the middle of fig. 14, and the result is shown in the positions of tunnel bodies C1K651+420, C1K653+770, C1K654+610 and C1K655+860 in the lower part of fig. 14; according to the data interpretation principle 2, the low-resistance anomalies displayed in the upper data of fig. 14 are interpreted in a classified manner, and the result is shown in a geological interpretation result section diagram of the exploration data of the aviation electromagnetic method in the lower part of fig. 14.
(2) Cudrania tunnel
FIG. 15 shows the results of the airborne electromagnetic survey of the Cula mountain tunnel, which is similar to the explanation principle and process of the above-mentioned tea tunnel of FIG. 14, and the high value zone of the resistivity gradient shown in the upper part of FIG. 15 is interpreted as a fault zone in combination with the geological data in the middle part of FIG. 15, and the results are shown in the positions of the tunnel cavities C31K701+130, C31K703+050, C31K706+450, C31K708+190, C31K708+830, C31K712+330, C31K713+960, C31K716+340, C31K720+750 and C31K726+420 in the lower part of FIG. 15; according to the data interpretation principle 2, the low-resistance anomalies displayed in the upper data of the figure 5 are interpreted in a classified manner, and the result is shown in a geological interpretation result section diagram of the aviation electromagnetic method exploration data in the lower part of the figure 15.
In conclusion, the airborne electromagnetic method exploration data, the ground survey data and the remote sensing data of the CHA-LUO tunnel and the Cula mountain tunnel are high in coincidence degree, so that the airborne electromagnetic method survey line arrangement achieves the purpose of tunnel geological exploration, and meanwhile, a large amount of workload and geophysical prospecting cost are saved.
The foregoing is illustrative of the principles of the present invention in its survey line arrangement by means of rail tunnel aeroelectromagnetic, and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific constructions and applications shown and described, but rather to cover all possible modifications and equivalents as may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for arranging the exploration survey line of the railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method is characterized in that the exploration survey line comprises the following steps: a central line (6) arranged at the line center line (A); the left side line group and the right side line group are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of a line center line (A) along the line direction, each line in the left side line group and the right side line group is symmetrically arranged relative to a central line (6), and the line spacing of the same side line is gradually changed from the line spacing nearest to the central line (6) to the line spacing farthest from the central line (6) to the maximum; the distance between the most edge line of the left side line group and the most edge line of the right side line group is 2 times of the exploration depth of the tunnel; the length (L) of each line in the central line (6), the left line group and the right line group is the tunnel length (L) 0 ) And the length of the extension section (L) extending outwards from the two ends of the tunnel 1 ) And (3) summing.
2. The method for arranging the exploration survey line of the railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the left side line group consists of 5 lines, and a first line (1), a second line (2), a third line (3), a fourth line (4) and a fifth line (5) are sequentially arranged from far to near from a central line (6); the right side line group is composed of 5 lines, and a seventh line (7), an eighth line (8), a ninth line (9), a tenth line (10) and an eleventh line (11) are sequentially arranged from near to far from the central line (6).
3. The method for arranging the exploration survey line of the railway tunnel aviation electromagnetic method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the distance between the fifth measuring line (5), the seventh measuring line (7) and the central measuring line (6) is 50m; the distance between the fourth measuring line (4) and the fifth measuring line (5) and the distance between the seventh measuring line (7) and the eighth measuring line (8) are 100m; the distance between the third measuring line (3) and the fourth measuring line (4) and the distance between the eighth measuring line (8) and the ninth measuring line (9) are 200m; the distance between the second measuring line (2) and the third measuring line (3) and the distance between the ninth measuring line (9) and the tenth measuring line (10) are 300m; the distance between the first measuring line (1) and the second measuring line (2) and the distance between the eleventh measuring line (11) and the tenth measuring line (10) are 400m; the distance between the first line (1) and the eleventh line (11) is 2100m.
4. A method of arranging survey lines of a railway tunnel aeroelectromagnetic method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the length of the extension section (L 1 ) 3000m.
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| CN111913226B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2023-08-08 | 中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Railway tunnel extremely high ground stress identification method based on aviation geophysical prospecting three-dimensional inversion result |
| CN114509822B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-04-07 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Ground-air electromagnetic array surveying method for railway tunnel and survey line arrangement method thereof |
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