CN102508036A - On-line remote monitoring method and device for pollution state of disk insulator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an on-line remote monitoring method and an on-line remote monitoring device for the pollution state of a disk insulator. Pollution degree is quantitatively, conveniently and clearly displayed on line by a relative conductance method for the pollution state, so the mid-range forecast of the insulator pollution is realized, and the method and the method can also be applied to monitoring of pollution states of all external insulation of electric transmission and transformation equipment; the defect that solar energy is used as energy is avoided by taking distributed capacitance current and polluted leakage current of a transmission line as energy; the capacitance current and the polluted leakage current or the sum of the capacitance current and the polluted leakage current of a low potential end can be measured respectively; and whether the insulator is connected in series with a zero-resistance insulator or a line is electrified or grounded is judged according to the change of the capacitance current. An outdoor monitoring device is connected in series with the low potential end of the insulator by using a hanger, so measurement points of temperature and relative humidity are arranged in air current which is connected in series with the insulator, and the measurement points of temperature and relative humidity are protected by a sun shade, so the good correlation of the polluted leakage current with measure data of the temperature and relative humidity can be kept, and the implementation of the relative conductance method for the pollution state can be guaranteed on hardware.

Description

Filthy online remote monitoring method of state of disk insulator and device

Technical field

The present invention relates to the Remote Monitoring Technology field, relate in particular to the online remote monitoring method and the device of the filthy state of a kind of transmission line of electricity disk insulator, running status.

Background technology

The high-tension electricity transmission system often will be passed through mountain area or field, and the power supply that on-Line Monitor Device or communication device need be used often is difficult to obtain, and generally all adopts solar cell to be equipped with the accumulation of energy accumulator again as the energy.Its shortcoming is: use sun-generated electric power will consider that can not provide sun power evening; The sun power that the continuous cloudy day provides significantly reduces; Situation such as solar cell receives that the pollution efficient of environment is faded.So, the installation area of solar panel, the installed capacity of accumulator, the capacity that require much larger than the average power of metering circuit and information transmission.Cause installation weight heavy; Volume is big, also will on the iron tower of power transmission line, add platform in addition monitoring device is installed, and the collector ring of using through sheathed cable and the filthy leakage current of the collection on solar panels, each insulator chain is connected; Cable is not only long but also heavy; And aspect electric, also disturbed easily, trouble is installed, difficult in maintenance.

It is not the energy with sun power that the small amount of leakage current monitoring device is at present also arranged, as:

1. monitoring device is to be placed on the insulator hot end, through iron-core coil, directly from the high pressure current carrying conductor of hundred peace ~ kilo-ampere levels, draws energy, like the patent (patent No. CN2625909) of applications such as Xian City, Shanxi Province Yin's benevolence.But because of the too close big current lead of measurement mechanism, and be in noble potential, certainly will will handle troublesome problem such as a series of highfields, magnetic interference.

2. with the filthy monitoring device of leakage current as the energy of photoelectricity stroboscopic.Like disclosed " a kind of insulator leakage current photoelectricity stroboscope " (patent No. CN201017018) such as Wenling, Zhejiang city woods Chinese ilexes; But it still needs personnel's line walking, is not telemetering device; And its reflection is filthy leakage current, because outside the Pass filthy leakage current has with the filthy order of severity, also relevant with temperature, relative humidity.So photoelectricity stroboscopic speed can not directly reflect the filthy state of insulator, can not be as the criterion of filth.

3. the Yang Jin of Jinhua Power Industry Bureau flies to propose; The leakage current that utilizes inferior insulator is than the big many principles of normal leakage current; Leakage current with inferior insulator is a drive source, will move in signal through electromagnetism and mechanical effect when leakage current surpasses limit value in the regular hour.But they still need personnel's line walking, do not belong to telemetering device, and it is the inferior insulator monitoring device, are not normal insulator contamination state monitoring apparatus.It has only when the insulation of insulator and could work far below normal value is later.

Filthy leakage current size is gone back and temperature, the relative humidity of filthy environment of living in are closely related, if judge filthy state with filthy leakage current, also needs account temperature, relative humidity factor simultaneously.But present monitoring device; Temperature, relative humidity measurement parts generally all independently are installed on the iron tower; Or be attached in the outdoor main frame and be installed on the iron tower; But actual temperature, the relative humidity of the temperature of measuring on the iron tower, relative humidity and the convection current on insulator chain surface may not be identical, differ greatly sometimes, cause filthy leakage current and temperature, relative humidity data to lose correlativity.

The electrical outdoor device of air receives the influence of weather very big, and under the situation of sunlight direct projection, even the inner not heating of device, its surperficial temperature also possibly reach six or seven ten degrees centigrade or higher.Not only can influence the life-span of element; Also can influence the accuracy of the measurement of device; Especially to temperature, relative humidity sensor and those elements, parts in the main frame out of doors; Influence greatlyyer, if adopt the fan for cooling measure will increase energy consumption again, increase is to the volume of solar cell power requirement and cabinet, solar panels.

The online remote monitoring method of the pollution level of present insulator, can divide two big types haply: one type is indirect measuring method.As utilize and measure the next filth of measuring indirectly on the insulator of the long-pending dirt that is placed on the insulator optical fiber nearby.Because there is surface physical property and structural different in optical fiber with insulator, the result has difference.The another kind of measuring method that is based on the filthy leakage current of insulator; Also can be divided into two types; One type is only to judge with the earial drainage electric current, is according to the filthy leakage current characteristic of insulator when facing pollution flashover, for example utilizes the size of the filthy leakage current when facing pollution flashover; Size, the frequency of filthy leakage current pulse when pollution flashover is faced in utilization are utilized some characteristics of filthy leakage current waveform when facing pollution flashover etc.The shortcoming of these methods is, can't show pollution level at ordinary times, and for example, the insulator dust stratification is quite serious, but because of air drying, filthy leakage current is still little.Under this long-pending dirty situation, in case run into foggy weather, filthy leakage current might increase to immediately and close on pollution flashover or pollution flashover occurs.In fact this is a kind of pollution flashover alarm rather than filthy status monitoring.It can't guarantee the long-pending dirty time of the processing that provides enough, so the practical application effect is restricted.Another kind of then comprehensive filthy leakage current and factors such as temperature, relative humidity judge, as utilize fuzzy theory to take all factors into consideration electric current, temperature, relative humidity factor.But fuzzy theory is good at the processing two-dimensional problems usually, and along with the increase of input dimension, fuzzy rule base and calculated amount will increase incessantly exponentially.

At present based on the measuring method of the leakage current of insulator, its measured leakage current has two kinds of situation.A kind of is only to measure filthy leakage current, and other situation of planting is to measure the synthetic quantity of filthy leakage current and insulator capacitance current.No matter measure which kind of electric current, all can not be used for judging the zero resistance insulator in the insulator chain.Because except that the insulator chain of an insulator does not allow the zero resistance insulator, helping detection case most is two insulators.Be null value if allow one, then the leakage current variation is approximately one times.And the leakage current of normal insulator, usually in the extremely several milliamperes of variations of zero or over one hundred microampere.That is be changed to rare tens of times.Normal in other words leakage current changes, and possibly cover fully because of the caused variation of zero resistance insulator.

When the relative humidity of air was very low, its leakage current just was decided by the electric capacity of insulator basically, at this moment can judge whether to exist zero resistance insulator according to leakage current.But can only be effective, and dry weather does not have everyday, is not effective everyday, and it be big more the possibility of zero resistance insulator to occur at wet weather at dry weather.So can not directly judge zero resistance insulator with the variation of leakage current.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to deficiency to prior art; Filthy online remote monitoring method of state of a kind of disk insulator and device are provided; The present invention utilizes filthy leakage current or the filthy leakage current of insulator and capacitance current to be the energy; Except that can monitoring the insulator contamination degree, it is charged etc. to detect zero resistance insulator, lead ground connection, lead; So that foundation is provided for the maintenance of insulator, safe operation.

The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme, the online remote monitoring method of the filthy state of a kind of disk insulator,

Whether charged this method is judged the degree of external insulation pollution of electric transmission and transformation equipment through the relative conductance method of filthy state, and detect and whether have zero resistance insulator in the insulator chain or detect power transmission line or ground connection not through detecting cold end insulator capacitance current.

Further, said degree through the relative conductance method judgement of filthy state external insulation pollution of electric transmission and transformation equipment specifically may further comprise the steps:

(1),, multiply by normal voltage divided by real time line voltage with the filthy leakage current of the actual measurement of insulator to be detected or insulator chain or comprise the filthy leakage current of insulator capacitance current;

(2) with the calculated value of step (1), divided by the filthy leakage current of standard under identical temperature, identical relative humidity, expression pollution level;

(3) each calculated value of step display (2) or this calculated value are represented pollution level at some days mean value.

Further; Said through detect cold end insulator capacitance current detect whether have zero resistance insulator in the insulator chain or detect power transmission line whether charged or ground connection is not specially: the capacitance current that detects the cold end insulator; When capacitance current during greater than setting; There is zero resistance insulator in judgement in insulator chain, or when insulator capacitance current or filthy leakage current and capacitance current resultant current are zero, judges that power transmission line ground connection or power transmission line are not charged.

A kind of online remote monitoring device of the filthy state of disk insulator that is used for said method; It mainly is made up of indoor set and several outdoor locations that are installed on the insulator chain of monitoring point, and indoor set links to each other with outdoor location respectively through wired or wireless or its array mode; Indoor set is a computing machine; Outdoor location comprises: the solid layer of sky shade member, the airway of sky shade, outdoor location cabinet, hanger, temperature relative humidity sensor, capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile parts and collector ring parts; Wherein, hanger is made up of the first hanger electric conductor, hanger insulator and the second hanger electric conductor.The second hanger electric conductor is connected with iron tower, and the first hanger electric conductor compiles parts with capacitance current with filthy leakage current and is connected; The outdoor location cabinet places on the hanger; The solid layer of sky shade member outside cabinet or above, the temperature relative humidity sensor places the below of hanger insulator, the airway of sky shade is distributed between solid layer, outdoor location cabinet and the hanger insulator of sky shade member.

Further; Power supply unit current transformation and accumulator parts, insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, processor, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit and data unit are housed in the said outdoor location cabinet; Wherein, the power supply unit current transformation links to each other with processor respectively with data unit with accumulator, insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit; Insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit, data unit, processor link to each other with accumulator with the power supply unit current transformation respectively; Data unit is got in touch through communication and host computer; The power supply unit current transformation links to each other with the temperature relative humidity sensor respectively with processor with the accumulator parts, and the power supply unit current transformation compiles parts with capacitance current with filthy leakage current with the accumulator parts respectively with capacitance current sampling amplifier unit and links to each other.Power supply unit can also with from solar panel or with wind-driven generator or with solar panel and wind-driven generator, form associating power supply form.Power supply unit can be connected with other associating power supply through diode.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1, the online remote monitoring method of the filthy state of disk insulator of the present invention, running status; Adopt the criterion method of a new insulator contamination degree--the relative conductance method of-filthy state; This method can online, quantitative, convenient, clearly show pollution level; Can realize insulator contamination mid-range forecast, make the time of enough morning go to handle long-pending dirt, avoid the pollution flashover of occurrence of large-area.Realized the insulator contamination degree detecting,, had very big social benefit and economic benefit for repair based on condition of component provides dependence.

2, utilize the energy of transmission line of electricity capacitance current and filthy leakage current, be suitable as very much the low-tension supply of the backland device of transmission line of electricity.As long as there is WV in power system transmission line, this energy is to exist forever.So the installed power of power supply just equals the average power of power device basically.Compare with solar powered, it is much little that the pondage of accumulator is wanted.So volume, weight and the price of device are that the supply unit of the energy is superior than solar cell all.And this device has also effectively utilized still unemployed dissipate energy in the transmission line of electricity.

3, the present invention is placed at outdoor location mechanically on the hanger with the insulator chain series connection; Make temperature, relative humidity measurement point place the air-flow of insulator chain; And adopt the sky shade protection, and not only saved heavy cable further, reduced the weight of device; Improved accuracy of measurement; Prolonged the life-span of device, also made filthy leakage current and temperature, relative humidity measurement data keep correlativity, for the relative conductance method of filthy state provides hardware guarantee in insulator contamination degree on-line monitoring method.

4, supply unit of the present invention, sky shade, hanger, capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile in the on-Line Monitor Device of other function that parts etc. can also be applied in transmission line of electricity.As can also be as the online detection of filthy leakage current of insulator; The insulator contamination degree detecting; The insulator arc-over current detecting; The insulator contamination electric current frequency detects; The insulator dielectric resistance detection; The insulator Partial Discharge Detection; The insulator Electric Field Distribution detects; Insulator voltage distributes and detects; Insulator mechanical property state-detection; Meteorologic parameter detects near the transmission line of electricity; The ice coating state of transmission line of electricity detects; The vibration detection of transmission line wire; Transmission line wire wave detection; The sag of transmission line wire detects; The range line of transmission line wire detects; The scissors crossing distance detecting of transmission line wire; The temperature of transmission line wire; Electric current; Electric field detects; The short circuit of transmission line wire; Ground connection is detected; Thunder and lightning detects; The insulator chain zero resistance insulator detects; The iron tower of power transmission line running status detects; The on-line measuring device of the high-tension electricity power transmission lines such as detection of transmission line of electricity theftproof monitoring or the power supply of other communication device; Support; Thermal protection; Capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile one of parts or part or all of.

Capacitance current and filthy leakage current can with from solar panel or wind-driven generator or solar panel and wind-driven generator, form associating power supply form.

5, can measure filthy leakage current, insulator capacitance current or their composite values respectively.For measuring other functions outside the filthy leakage current, on hardware, give security.As can reflect that circuit is whether charged or ground connection is not arranged, whether functions such as zero resistance insulator are arranged.

Description of drawings

The structured flowchart of the outdoor location of the online remote monitoring device of the filthy state of Fig. 1 disk insulator;

Fig. 2 is the power supply of outdoor location---the block scheme of current transformation and accumulator, energy controller;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the outdoor location of embodiment;

Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of embodiment;

Fig. 5 is the workflow diagram of indoor set;

Among the figure, the solid layer 1 of sky shade, the airway 2 of sky shade, outdoor location cabinet 3, temperature relative humidity sensor 4, the first hanger electric conductor 5, hanger insulator 6, the second hanger electric conductor 7, seized insulator chain 8, capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile parts 9.

Embodiment

The present invention relates to the online remote monitoring device of the filthy state of transmission line of electricity disk insulator, running status; Mainly form by indoor set and several outdoor locations that are installed on the insulator chain of monitoring point; Indoor set links to each other with outdoor location respectively through wired or wireless or its array mode, thereby manages a plurality of outdoor locations.The indoor set major function be receive data, analyzing and processing data, demonstration Various types of data form and about time curve, show filthy state etc.; Outdoor location is mounted in the seized insulator chain (monitoring point) of the power circuit that needs monitoring, and major function is to detect original vol, data processing, transmission data and receive instruction change, execution parameter modification etc.

Indoor set is called host computer; Outdoor location is called slave computer, and slave computer is regularly given host computer with data upload through any wireless mode, or has R-T unit to transmit or organize screening, grouping back to transmit in the transmission course; The centre also can be through wire transmission, like internet network etc.The preservation data of uploading comprise: time of reception, and Measuring Time, and measured.For example have: filthy leakage current first-harmonic effective value, the filthy leakage current small-pulse effect frequency, insulator chain cold end capacitance current, the big pulse frequency of filthy leakage current, accumulator voltage, temperature value and relative humidity; But be not limited thereto, can be with requiring to add or accept or reject content corresponding.

Host computer is preserved and is calculated, analyzes relevant data, and for example: the filthy leakage current of standard contaminated insulator and temperature, relative humidity concern experimental formula (or table of comparisons); Relative electric conductivity value upper limit Hh; The filthy leakage current value Ih that exceeds standard; Transmission line of electricity real-time voltage and corresponding (can call the ready-made data of transformer station, also can measure voluntarily) constantly; Insulator chain cold end capacitance current detects the setting value S of usefulness.They all can be called at any time or be shown as form or curve.Wherein filthy leakage current, temperature, relative humidity can also show that certain period or certain chooses data or the curve in the scope.

Host computer will be uploaded data analysis; When electric conductivity value exceeds calibration value Hh relatively; Or the filthy leakage current value Ih that exceeds standard occurs, or capacitance current is when equalling zero greater than S or capacitance current, display reminding or warning; To show the dirty order of severity of insulation subproduct or circuit, insulator work state, remind the staff to arrange work of treatment in advance according to long-pending dirty degree.Preserve relative specific conductance H at ordinary times, can show or not show, check the insulator contamination degree at any time.

Indoor set

Indoor set or title host computer, promptly Data Receiving, analysis and display unit are computing machines, the Computers and Communication network-in-dialing, and pass through the processor of wireless mode and outdoor location or claim the slave computer contact, but be not limited thereto.Host computer is as Data Receiving, analysis and demonstration.Its specific program block diagram is as shown in Figure 5.Main but be not limited to bear following work:

1, analyzes, stores, shows the relative electric conductivity value of reception data with filthy state.

2, send necessary instruction to data unit.

3, according to the filthy leakage current of measuring and corresponding temperature, relative humidity the insulator contamination degree of monitoring point is made judgement.

4, according to the cold end insulator capacitance current of measuring, whether charged or ground connection make judgement to the zero resistance insulator of the insulator chain of monitoring point and lead.

5, man-machine dialog interface.

The host computer workflow is as shown in Figure 5: host computer has the filthy earial drainage of standard contaminated insulator and temperature, relative humidity and concern experimental formula (or table of comparisons), relative electric conductivity value upper limit Hh, filthy leakage current exceed standard value Ih, transmission line of electricity voltage and formula, form, constant or data such as the correspondence moment, cold end insulator chain capacitance current upper limit set value S.The slave computer parameter of outdoor location can be set: for example through the man-machine conversation frame of computing machine: slave computer measuring intervals of TIME, slave computer data transmitting period, accumulator ceiling voltage, accumulator minimum voltage or all proofread and correct slave computer clock etc. at each receiving cycle, can also add command content as requested.The reception slave computer is uploaded data (digital quantity) for example to be had: the filthy leakage current first-harmonic effective value and the measurement moment, the filthy leakage current small-pulse effect frequency and the measurement moment, the big pulse frequency of filthy leakage current and the measurement moment, accumulator voltage and the measurement moment, temperature value and the measurement moment, rh value and the measurement moment etc.Receive the slave computer signal and be stored in reservoir, through analyzing computing, storage, show when needing each data about time curve or form and current impulse about the time form, show that electric current (or temperature or relative humidity) in certain scope is about time curve etc.Judge whether filthy leakage current values has greater than the filthy leakage current value Ih that exceeds standard, then show the electric current value that exceeds standard, go on foot judgement then down if having.If then directly do not get into the step down; Do you judge that cold end insulator capacitance current value is greater than cold end insulator chain capacitance current upper limit set value S? If have; Then show zero resistance insulator; Get into next step then, otherwise directly get into next step, judge that cold end insulator capacitance current value equals zero? Or whether filthy leakage current and capacitance current resultant current equal zero; If show that then ground connection or lead are not charged; Get into next step then, otherwise directly get into next step, calculate the ratio H of each real-time filthy leakage current first-harmonic effective value and the filthy leakage current of standard contaminated insulator under uniform temp, identical relative humidity, same line voltage.And calculate its mean value Hmean in the not long time.Whether judge Hmean then greater than relative electric conductivity value upper limit Hh, if then show H---time curve, Hmean value and filthy serious prompting, otherwise need optional demonstration H----time curve, Hmean value, or do not show with certificate.

The judgment principle and the implementation method of filthy state, the relative conductance method of filthy state

The judgment principle of the relative conductance method of the filthy state of the present invention is; Getting one decides through consultation in advance; (like the critical filthy state of national regulation) insulator (or insulator chain) that certain soilability is arranged; Lead as standard value with its electricity, remove to measure the electricity of the external insulation of the insulator that just on electrical network, moving or power transmission and transforming equipment and lead (also being appreciated that thickness ratio) into both equivalent pollution layers.When exceeding standard value, it is dirty serious prompting explanation insulation subproduct to occur, and the staff can arrange work of treatment in advance according to long-pending dirty degree.In principle, as long as pollution layer is constant, both ratio is can not become with temperature, relative humidity.Also promptly under any temperature, relative humidity both ratios all the same, therefore, any moment measures all effective, can monitor the insulator contamination state at any time, realizes the omnidistance monitoring of insulator contamination state.Because long-pending dirty process is a process slowly, so, can have ample time and arrange the long-pending dirty work of treatment schedule of insulator.So just avoid pick-up unit in the past, can only when closing on pollution flashover, could judge filthy important disadvantages.

The specific practice of the relative conductance method of filthy state is, at first, the outer insulator of insulator or power transmission and transforming equipments such as insulator chain or insulation column or insulating sleeve of getting the pollution level of having an agreement is as standard.With its filthy leakage current under normal voltage (like rated voltage) and temperature, the relative humidity relation is tabulating or return into experimental formula; It is that experimental formula or tabulating form are subsequent use that this step work can be returned by applying unit or relevant functional unit in advance, claims that this electric current is the filthy leakage current of standard.The filthy leakage current of standard also can represent that with its perunit value form at this moment it has the conductance guiding principle divided by normal voltage.During application, the first step with the filthy leakage current of insulator to be detected, multiply by normal voltage divided by the real-time voltage of this insulator again, converts to be the filthy leakage current under the normal voltage.Or,, represent with perunit value divided by the real-time voltage of this insulator with the filthy leakage current of insulator to be detected.In second step, divided by the filthy leakage current of the standard of the insulator that the same type under uniform temp, the identical relative humidity is arranged or insulator chain or insulation column or insulating sleeve, its ratio H is filthy state evaluation value with the value of the first step.If be employed in the mean value Hmean of the ratio in a period of time of not growing (like one day or a week), can make data more stable, filthy state evaluation value is more objective.After this value surpasses setting value Hh, prompt alarm.This method data quantity stored can be considerably less, and computing is very simple, and notion is also very clear and definite, can be applied to the filthy state-detection of all kinds of insulators or insulation column or insulating sleeve.More than work and also can carry out, Calculation results is uploaded at slave computer.

Whether charged whether zero resistance insulator and circuit or circuit the detection principle of ground connection

Whether charged this device judge whether ground connection or do not have zero resistance insulator of circuit or circuit according to insulator chain cold end insulator capacitance current.It is following that it detects principle.

In the line insulator string, the filthy leakage current of each insulator and filthy state, the state of weather of insulator have much relations, and its numerical value has tens of times poor.This influence will cause the variation of leakage current much larger than zero resistance insulator.So the variation according to leakage current can't be judged zero resistance insulator.

At dry and each insulator all just often, the voltage of each insulator is not to wait in the insulator chain, is shape of a saddle distribution.Along with the increase of filthy leakage current, its mean value of the voltage of its each insulator trend.The filthy state of insulator, the variation of state of weather will be compared the influence of filthy leakage current to the influence of the voltage of the insulator of cold end, and be much little.1) if each insulator is when all normal and dry, the voltage of the insulator of cold end is less than mean value, and then along with the increase of filthy leakage current, the voltage of the insulator of cold end (or capacitance current) also increases, but can be greater than mean value S1.2) if each insulator is when all normal and dry; The voltage of the insulator of cold end is greater than mean value; Then along with the increase of filthy leakage current, the voltage of the insulator of cold end (or capacitance current) reduces, promptly no matter under which kind of filthy leakage current; The voltage (or capacitance current S2) of the insulator of cold end when the voltage of the insulator of cold end (or capacitance current) can be greater than drying, but can be less than mean value.

When in the insulator chain zero resistance insulator being arranged, the voltage of the insulator of cold end (or capacitance current) always increases.For 1) the kind situation, when the voltage (or capacitance current) of the insulator of cold end greater than mean value, then must have zero resistance insulator.For 2) the kind situation, when the voltage (or capacitance current) of the insulator of cold end greater than dry and each insulator voltage of the insulator of cold end (or capacitance current) just often all, then must have zero resistance insulator.In fact, when the sheet that reaches permission when the zero resistance insulator sheet number in the insulator chain is counted, can both satisfy above-mentioned condition.Explain that this determination methods is feasible.

Zero resistance insulator is arranged in insulator chain, and its zero resistance insulator sheet number is no more than when allowing sheet to count, the voltage of its cold end insulator has approx:

(cold end insulator voltage when having zero resistance insulator)/(normal cold end insulator voltage)

=(cold end insulated electro capacitance current when having zero resistance insulator)/(normal cold end insulator capacitance current)

=(the total sheet number of insulator chain)/(the total sheet number of insulator chain-zero resistance insulator sheet number).

In addition when capacitance current be zero, or capacitance current and filthy leakage current synthesize zeroly, and the not charged or ground connection of circuit is described.

For different electric pressures, the insulator chain of different sheet numbers can be rule of thumb or numerical value s of calculated for given, and when cold end insulator capacitance current during greater than s, then judging has zero resistance insulator to exist.

Insulator chain cold end capacitance current can obtain with any way.Around metal cap with the insulator of insulator chain cold end, with collector ring with filthy leakage current carrying-off, as using as detecting filthy leakage current.The capacitance current of metal cap is exactly desired electric current.

Below each parts is described further:

Off-premises station

Like Fig. 1, structural representation shown in Figure 3, outdoor location of the present invention comprises: the solid layer 1 of sky shade member, the airway 2 of sky shade, outdoor location cabinet 3, hanger and temperature relative humidity sensor 4, capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile parts 9 and collector ring parts.Hanger is made up of the first hanger electric conductor 5, hanger insulator 6 and the second hanger electric conductor 7.The second hanger electric conductor 7 is connected with iron tower, and the first hanger electric conductor 5 and capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile parts 9 (this example for the metal cap of the cold end insulator of insulator chain to be detected) and be connected.Outdoor location cabinet 3 places on the insulator 6 of hanger, or the second hanger electric conductor 7, but is not limited thereto.The sky shade member outside cabinet or above, keep the sun off, take away heat, protection cabinet and temperature relative humidity sensor.Except that temperature relative humidity sensor 4 placed the below of insulator of hanger, other circuit block was all in cabinet.Wherein have: insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit, current transformation and accumulation of energy parts, processor, data unit.The antenna of data unit places the cabinet outside, but is not limited thereto.The collector ring parts place the upper surface of insulator shirt rim of periphery of metal cap of the cold end insulator of insulator chain to be detected, and the input end through lead and insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit is connected.Because temperature relative humidity measurement parts place the airflow on surface of insulator chain to be detected, so can correctly reflect the temperature and the relative humidity of air-flow.Outdoor location can be measured capacitance current or the electric current that both synthesize of the cold end of filthy leakage current to be detected and insulator chain respectively.

Capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile parts

Distributed capacitance, bleeder resistance exist everywhere in the high-voltage fence, for the energy of line loss generally is not utilized.The energy of the outdoor parts of monitoring device of the present invention, from the capacitance current and the filthy leakage current of the insulator of high-tension electricity power transmission line, also can be from independent capacitance current or filthy leakage current.Implementation method can from one or many places be called the electric conductor that capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile parts and draw energy.Capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile parts, are electric conductors.This electric conductor is got in touch with the transmission line of electricity high-pressure conductor through one of distributed capacitance and bleeder resistance or both.With after the circuit of monitoring device is connected, final ground connection.It can be the special parts that are provided with that electric current compiles parts; Or hold a concurrent post by possessing the miscellaneous part that capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile characteristics of components; The metal cap that is connected like hot end conductor, insulator chain and the hanger of hanger or and the not direct-connected grading ring in ground or other gold utensil; If adopting the metal cap of hanger and connection thereof holds a concurrent post; Extract filthy leakage current with collector ring, but the capacitance current of independent measurement cold end insulator also then, can be as judging whether to exist zero resistance insulator.

The sky shade member of thermal radiation resistant

The present invention has adopted the thermal radiation resistant sky shade in outdoor location cabinet outside.The thermal radiation resistant sky shade; By the alternate sandwich construction of a plurality of solids 1 and the air layer that can circulate 2, solid layer 1 can be the Any shape member that can prevent solar irradiation, can be placed on any suitable position; Also can use cabinet, hanger or their part etc. is held a concurrent post solid layer.Interlayer can be made of one, and can be several individual portions also, is fixed on suitable position, as is fixed on hanger, cabinet, insulator hardware or the gold utensil commonly used.Solid layer is used for stopping the influence of direct radiation to its internal layer, and air layer is taken away the heat of solid layer with convection type.Adopt so one or more interlayers, just can make the temperature rise in the cabinet, drop to sufficiently for a short time, and needn't add the cooling measure that needs such as blower fan consume energy in addition.This structure has not only reduced the working temperature of device circuit element; Prolong mission life; Also reduce temperature rise and the heat radiation of the whole parts of outdoor location influence to temperature, relative humidity sensor; For temperature, relative humidity measurement point place the air-flow of insulator chain, created good environment, reduce measuring error.

Collector ring

Collector ring is the conductor loops of collecting the filthy leakage current of insulator to be detected, places insulator metal cap to be detected peripheral, closely contacts with the insulator upper surface, but does not contact with metal cap, can adopt common outsourcing piece.Collector ring is collected the filthy leakage current that insulator surface disperses, and is connected with F5 with R4 through short leg, sends signal the sampling of to insulator contamination leakage current and amplifies and insulator contamination leakage current impulse sampling parts.Collector ring also can compile parts by capacitance current and filthy leakage current holds a concurrent post, but at this moment installs not energy measurement insulator capacitance current, generally is not used for detecting zero resistance insulator.

Hanger

Hanger is to be used as (can comprise that also signal connects) that capacitance current is connected with filthy leakage current or as support insulator chain mechanical support linkage function or that be used as cabinet and sky shade (or itself being exactly the part of cabinet) or above two or more function is arranged; Two have insulator insulated from each other therebetween, can bear the member of the electric conductor (i.e. the first hanger electric conductor 5, hanger insulator 6, the second hanger electric conductor 7) of pulling force.As shown in Figure 3, also can use the device of common disk insulator or similar structures.It also can be used as, and other detects, the signal of signal transmitting apparatus connects or supporting structure.

Adopting the benefit of hanger is that equipment to be detected and checkout equipment are put together.Save armouring signal wire and power lead, cancelled the mounting platform on iron tower, reduced interference, saved material, alleviated volume and weight, made things convenient for installation; Because the pick-up unit string in the cold end of insulator chain to be detected, is positioned among the airflow on surface of insulator chain to be detected, has guaranteed the correlativity between filthy leakage current and temperature, the relative humidity.Avoided temperature, relative humidity sensor (or autonomous device) are placed the shortcoming on the iron tower.For the present invention adopts the filthy state of the relative conductance method criterion of filthy state, guarantee is provided on hardware.This device is and the insulator chain series connection to be in the cold end of insulator chain, thereby to have avoided in the high pressure current carrying conductor, drawing the shortcoming of energy power supply.

The first hanger electric conductor 5 is connected with the cold end of insulator chain; And be connected with the capacitance current input point of the circuit of this monitoring device; Promptly link to each other with F3, R2 tie point, the second hanger electric conductor 7, hang iron tower or with network system on the conduction framework that links to each other; And join with the ground of the circuit of this monitoring device; Temperature, relative humidity sensor 4 are fixed on hanger insulator 6 belows, and outdoor location cabinet 3 is enclosed within the outside of the second hanger electric conductor 7, and are supported by hanger insulator 6; The solid layer 1 of sky shade is fixed on the gold utensil or above-mentioned part parts that hanger insulator 6, cabinet, the second hanger electric conductor 7 be connected with insulator chain, to reduce the heat radiation influence that outdoor location cabinet 3 and temperature relative humidity sensor 4 receive.Outdoor location cabinet 3 can be ring-type, but is not limited thereto.

Outdoor location cabinet inside parts connect

Power supply unit, insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, processor, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit and data unit are housed in the outdoor location cabinet 3; Wherein, power supply unit, insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit link to each other with processor respectively with data unit; Insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit, data unit, processor link to each other with power supply unit respectively; Data unit is got in touch through communication and host computer; As shown in Figure 1; In addition; Power supply unit links to each other with temperature relative humidity sensor 4 respectively with processor, and power supply unit compiles parts 9 with capacitance current and filthy leakage current respectively with capacitance current sampling amplifier unit and links to each other.

The outdoor location circuit theory diagrams

Following according to Fig. 4, respectively insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit (sinusoidal current that comprises stable state is measured and the measurement of the pulse frequency), temperature relative humidity measurement parts, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit, power supply unit, energy controller, processor, data unit are narrated.

 

A) data unit

Data unit can be that outsourcing piece also can design voluntarily.It links to each other with processor, Data Receiving, analysis and display unit (wireless, network), power supply unit respectively.Join its ground end ground connection through relay switch K and accumulator.

Data unit and processor have message exchange, and its working power starts and stops, and through relay switch K control, data unit is regularly a discontinuous operation usually by processor.Data unit can use any radiowave to transmit the circuit of information, can be that analog quantity also can be a digital quantity.Can be directly and host computer contact also can increasing network link and host computer get in touch.Data unit sends temperature, relative humidity and corresponding the measurement moment etc. of filthy leakage current first-harmonic effective value (also can use mean value), the current impulse frequency that surpasses setting value, cell voltage, insulator chain airflow on surface.Data unit also receives the instruction of host computer, and passes to processor, and processor is carried out corresponding task according to instruction.When big pulse current occurring or surpass other regulation setting value, data unit starts transmission at any time.Data unit can also the double as dissipative cell, and during DATA REASONING, energy-accumulating element voltage exceeds setting value, and then data unit is opened at improper transmit time segments, works a period of time, consuming unnecessary energy, but does not transmit normal data.Processor is through I/O1, I/O2 and data unit contact.

B) processor

Processor is an outsourcing piece, and the power end of processor is connected on the E1 positive pole, and processor is to be made up of integrated circuit such as single-chip microcomputer, DSP etc. or some discrete components.It links to each other with insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit, temperature relative humidity measurement parts, power supply unit, data unit respectively.

Processor is carried out measurement, analysis, control function, has the various functions of processing and operation program, preserves various achievement datas, and record, preservation measurement data are carried out command adapted thereto etc. according to each associated components of measurement data commander.Processor is served as following work:

1, detection insulator contamination leakage current and analysis detect its fundametal compoment, preserve filthy leakage current fundametal compoment; Detect cold end insulator capacitance current and preservation.

2, detect and preserve the filthy leakage current pulse frequency; When big pulse current is arranged, immediately data are passed to data unit, and start transmit block; Information is passed to host computer; But be not limited thereto,, instant starting all can be set send data like too big sinusoidal current or from other detection information of spare interface input

3, receive and signal that metering temperature, relative humidity sensor are sent here and preserving.

4, detect cell voltage and preserving, when the battery superpotential, after accomplishing measuring task, connect the power consumption parts or connect K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 all or part of.And when continuing one section, to consume or excess energy is cut off in resistance.But be not limited thereto, as constantly according to cell voltage decision disconnection.

5, circuit working state control, circuit working periodic Control.As: the work period of data unit, metering circuit, Measuring Time, dormancy time, but be not limited thereto.

6, data analysis function.

7, regularly data are passed to data unit, by transmit block data are sent, with " Data Receiving, analysis and display unit " exchange message.

C) temperature relative humidity measurement parts

Temperature relative humidity measurement parts are outsourcing pieces, can be that metering circuit any simulation or numeral constitutes, and also can design voluntarily.This device is example with the digital circuit, and 3 mouthfuls of I/O, I/O through data line and clock incoming line and processor link to each other for 4 mouthfuls.Place hanger insulator 6 bottoms, receive 6 protections of hanger insulator.Its power supply termination E1 positive pole.

D) insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit

Insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit comprises insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplification and insulator contamination leakage current impulse sampling amplifying circuit two parts; If do not need insulator contamination leakage current pulse detection, insulator contamination leakage current pulse detection part can not wanted.

Insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit is made up of shunt F5, F4, resistance R 4, R3, R10, R7, R9, R6, R8, R5, R14, R15, R16, R11, R12, R13, R17, R18, R19, R20, diode D4, D3, D2, D1, D14, D5, stabilivolt DW2, DW1, capacitor C 3, C2, C1, amplifier IC.

From the seized filthy leakage current of collector ring, by drawing of collector ring, from the common point input of F5, R4, the other end ground connection of F5, another termination R3 of R4, the positive pole of the other end of R3 and the negative pole of D4, D3 joins.D3, D4 detection are used.The positive pole of D4 joins with R10, R9, R8 successively, and the other end ground connection of R8 constitutes the pulse current sample circuit.

The positive pole of D4 and R10 common point meet R14, R15, R16 successively, R16 other end ground connection.The common point of R14, R15 connects the positive pole of stabilivolt DW2; The minus earth of stabilivolt DW2; The common point of R15, R16 connects the positive pole of C3, D14, the I/O5 port of processor, the other end ground connection of the negative pole of D14, C3, and the I/O5 port of processor is measured the filthy leakage current small-pulse effect frequency.DW2, D14, C3 serve as pressure limiting, protection, anti-interference function.

R9 and R10 common point meet R11, R12, R13 successively, R13 other end ground connection.The common point of R11, R12 connects the positive pole of stabilivolt DW1, and the DW1 minus earth of stabilivolt, the common point of R12, R13 connect the positive pole of C2, D5, the I/O6 port of processor, the other end ground connection of the negative pole of D5, C2.The I/O6 port of processor is measured the big pulse frequency of filthy leakage current.The common point of R9, R8 connects the negative pole of D2, the plus earth of D2.DW1, D5, C2 serve as pressure limiting, protection, anti-interference function.

The negative pole of D3 joins with R7, R6, R5 successively, the other end ground connection of R5.Constitute filthy leakage current sample circuit.The common point of R6, R5 meets R17, R18, R19 successively, the output terminal of another termination IC of R19, the A/D1 of processor, and R6, R5, R17 common point connect the D1 positive pole, the D1 minus earth.The D1 forward voltage drop is used for the restricting signal superpotential.The common point of R17, R18 meets C1, C1 other end ground connection.The common point of R18, R19 connects the reverse input end of IC, and the positive input of IC is through R20 ground connection.The power supply termination energy storage battery anode of IC, energy storage battery cold end ground connection enables termination processor I/O8 port.IC output termination A/D1 modulus port carries out analog to digital conversion, and by the welfare sorrow conversion fast of processor warp, obtain filthy leakage current first-harmonic effective value, and storage is called.

F4, R3, F5, R4, R14, R15, R11, R12, D1, DW1, DW2, D5, D14 play the effect of protection sample circuit when seized filthy leakage current is excessive.Diode D1, D2 respectively with R5, R8 parallel connection, D2 is used for balance D1 makes filthy leakage current half-wave symmetry up and down.

E) capacitance current sampling amplifier unit

Capacitance current sampling amplifier unit is made up of shunt F6, diode D16, D17, sampling resistor R28.D16 negative pole, D17 positive pole, F6, F1, K1, be connected together, shunt F6, diode D17 other end ground connection, diode D16 anodal and R28, processor A/D4 port join R28 other end ground connection.Sampling resistor R28 is used for measuring the capacitance current of cold end insulator, for zero resistance insulator in the insulator chain detects, whether charged detection of transmission line of electricity, whether ground connection detection provides hardware to guarantee to transmission line of electricity.Between R28 and processor A/D4 port, also can connect amplifier, after amplifying, connect processor A/D4 port, the capacitance current APS amplifier power supply is provided by accumulator.

Zero resistance insulator detects if device does not plan to possess in the insulator chain, whether charged detection of transmission line of electricity, transmission line of electricity ground connection measuring ability whether; Or as the electric current of the energy; From other capacitance current; Rather than the capacitance current of insulator chain cold end, then R28, processor A/D4 mouth, shunt F6, D17, D16 need not, the direct ground connection of L1.

If filthy leakage current is during also as energy electric current a part of; Electric current through energy winding is the capacitance current and the filthy leakage current values synthetic quantity of insulator chain cold end; Then electronegative potential termination R3, D3, the D4 common point of L1; F5, R4, F4, R3, D17, D16, R28 need not, the common point of R2, F3 connects the metal cap of insulator chain cold end.

Wherein F6 is used for protecting the capacitance current testing circuit, and F1, K1 belong to control section, for interpreting blueprints conveniently, narrates in the lump at this.

F) power supply---current transformation and accumulator, energy controller

The capacitance current of the insulator of high-tension electricity power transmission line and filthy leakage current are usually at the extremely hundreds of microamperes of tens of microamperes; Has the current source characteristic; And electric current receives the influence of environment, weather and service time very big; Current value usually can arrive a milliampere level (a title excess current) when increasing, can reach thousands of peaces or bigger (claiming unusual excess current) because of pollution flashover, thunderbolt etc. causes that electric current very causes sometimes, and the energy supply is very unstable.It is to exchange or direct voltage source that general electric device requires power supply, though filthy leakage current has been an electric weight, it is a current source, can't directly be that electric device is used.The present invention is capacitance current and filthy leakage current or one of them, through current transformation and accumulation of energy parts, energy controller acting in conjunction, becomes the desired stable voltage source of common electric device.

Power supply comprises: current transformation and accumulator, energy controller, current transformation and accumulator are made up of energy-sensitive device, rectification circuit, accumulator, diode D15.The energy-sensitive device links to each other with accumulator with rectification circuit successively, and the energy-sensitive device links to each other with energy controller respectively with accumulator.The energy-sensitive device is output AC voltage directly, and wherein, the energy-sensitive device comprises that iron core, the energy winding L on the iron core 1, three induction winding L 2, L3, L4 form.The induction winding can be a winding independently, or a plurality of independently winding, or band tap winding, or is held a concurrent post by the part of energy winding.The energy winding of energy-sensitive device is to connect current source; When electric current is sine; The amplitude coefficient of its voltage is less than , and induction winding L 2, L3 connect rectification circuit input end.Energy controller comprises: processor partial function, shunt F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 relay switch K, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, resistance R 21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, relay G, G1, G2, wherein shunt F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 relay switch K, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, resistance R 26, R27, relay G1, G2.Can be in the enforcement according to specific requirement, select for use part combination to use, the power switch of K when also the double as transmitter sends data.K switch, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 can be electronic type or mechanical on-off element, or current limliting such as unidirectional voltage stabilizing element or bi-directional voltage stabilizing element or non-linear resistance or pressure limiting element or be made up of circuit.Transmitter can be held a concurrent post with resistance or by the components and parts of serving as other function as the function that discharges the energy content of battery.The first shunt F1 and the parallel connection of energy winding, the second shunt F2, one termination R1, R2 tie point, other end ground connection, the 3rd shunt one termination capacitance current input point, other end ground connection, F4 one end ground connection, the other end connects the common point of R3 and R4.F5 one end ground connection, the other end connect seized filthy leakage current input point.K1, K2, K3, K4 respectively with L1, L2, L3, L4 parallel connection.K6, K7 are parallel to power supply E2, E1 respectively with after resistance R 26, the R27 series connection, after K5 and the R25 series connection, and an end ground connection; Another termination E2 is anodal, R21 and R22 series connection, R21 other end ground connection; The positive pole of another termination of R22 E1, R21 and R22 common point meet processor A/D2, R23 and R24 series connection; R23 other end ground connection, another termination of R24 E2 is anodal.R23, R24 common point meet processor A/D3, and relay coil connects processor, and the anodal other end of K one termination E2 connects the transmitter supply end, and diode D15 positive pole connects the E2 positive pole, and it is anodal that negative pole connects the associating power supply.

Map 2 is described further with Fig. 4 power supply unit:

Current transformation and accumulator, energy controller.Current transformation and accumulator are made up of energy-sensitive device, rectification circuit, accumulator, diode D15.The energy-sensitive device links to each other with accumulator with rectification circuit successively.The energy-sensitive device links to each other with energy controller respectively with accumulator.The energy-sensitive device is output AC voltage directly.Wherein, The energy-sensitive device comprises that iron core, the energy winding L on the iron core 1, three induction winding L 2, L3, L4 form that (the induction winding can be a winding independently; Or a plurality of independently windings, or be with the tap winding, or hold a concurrent post by the part of energy winding).

The energy-sensitive device is different from transformer; The former limit of transformer normally is connected to voltage source; Primary current becomes with load; When original edge voltage was sinusoidal, its winding voltage amplitude coefficient was

.And the energy winding of energy-sensitive device is to connect current source; The electric current of energy winding is not with load variations; When electric current was sine, the amplitude coefficient of its voltage was less than

.Induction winding L 2, L3 connect rectification circuit input end; The energy-sensitive device also is different from current transformer; The secondary of current transformer is to be operated in short-circuit condition; Magnetic induction density unshakable in one's determination is very low, and when the primary current of current transformer was sinusoidal, the current amplitude coefficient of its secondary winding was

; The induction winding of energy-sensitive device then is not to be operated in short-circuit condition, and magnetic induction density unshakable in one's determination neither be very low.And the voltage waveform of its work is also different with transformer, current transformer; When common transformer original edge voltage is sinusoidal (or the electric current of current transformer is for sinusoidal); Its secondary winding voltage (or electric current) amplitude coefficient is

; And the energy-sensitive device; When the electric current of energy winding is sine; It is in common working range; After its induction winding voltage instantaneous value reaches energy-storage travelling wave tube voltage; Because the restriction of energy-storage travelling wave tube, instantaneous voltage are just no longer risen or are risen seldom, so the voltage amplitude coefficient of its energy storage winding is less than

.Because accumulator has voltage source character, the voltage of the induction winding that is connected with rectifier receives the control of the voltage of accumulator, also demonstrates the character of voltage source.Induction winding that rectifier connects and other the induction winding on same iron core, its voltage is proportionate relationship, so also be voltage source character.That is to say supply unit of the present invention, the energy of its input has current source character, and the energy of its output is no matter the alternating source that direct current or induction winding are directly exported all has voltage source character.

Rectification circuit is known common circuit or touches piece, as: single-phase center tap full-wave rectification, single-phase bridge full-wave rectification, the words that a plurality of windings are arranged also can half-wave rectifying circuit, voltage doubling rectifing circuit etc.Two rectification circuits of this example comprise D6 ~ 9, D10 ~ 13.Accumulator can be for storing the device of electric weight arbitrarily, and like accumulator, large bulk capacitance etc., this routine accumulator is chargeable storage E1, E2.The energy of its accumulation of energy parts, except that from one of capacitance current, filthy leakage current or both, can also and from one of solar panel, wind-driven generator or both, form associating power supply form.

Specifically as shown in Figure 4.Capacitance current gets into from the first hanger electric conductor 5 of hanger; Connect F6, anodal, the D16 negative pole of D17 through R2, R1, L1 successively; The other end ground connection of F6, D17, D16 is not (if device detects zero resistance insulator; Then, the direct ground connection of L1, R28, processor A/D4 mouth, shunt F6, D17, D16 need not.Also can with collector ring with and lead-in wire, F5, R4, F4, D17, D16, R28, A/D4 removes need not; The common point of R3 and F6, L1, F1, K1 is joined; Capacitance current and filthy leakage current sum; Get into from the first hanger electric conductor 5 of hanger, at this moment filthy leakage current contains capacitance current).L2, L3 connect the ac input end of D6 ~ 9, D10 ~ 13 respectively, and the dc output end of D6 ~ 9, D10 ~ 13 meets accumulator E2, E1 respectively.E2, the series connection of E1 forward, E1 minus earth (deciding) according to the physical circuit element.The E2 positive pole connects the positive pole of capacitor C4, relay switch K, diode D15, and the negative pole of diode D15 is as the input point of uniting power supply.

Energy controller is used for the input and output of energy of control energy inductor; The voltage of accumulator is stable; The output of accumulator distributes; And the superpotential of accumulator parts and low-voltage protection etc.

Energy controller comprises: processor partial function, shunt F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 relay switch K, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, resistance R 21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, relay G, G1, G2.Wherein shunt F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, relay switch K, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, resistance R 26, R27, relay G1, G2 can select for use part combination to use according to specific requirement in the enforcement.Relay switch K, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7; Relay coil Z, Z1, Z2; Amplifier G1, G2, G, it can all or part ofly be used for controlling the battery superpotential.The power switch of K when also the double as transmitter sends data wherein.When cell voltage was too high, processor cut off energy through relay closes K1, K2, K3, K4 and gets into battery, or closed K, K5, K6, K7 consume unnecessary energy.When owing cell voltage, except that microprocessor is in dormant state, cuts off other circuit power or make dormancy, to reduce battery consumption.

K switch, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 can adopt separately or the part combined is used or all adopted; They can be electronic type or mechanical on-off element, or current limliting such as unidirectional voltage stabilizing element or bi-directional voltage stabilizing element or non-linear resistance or pressure limiting element or be made up of circuit.When transmitter is used as the function that discharges the energy content of battery, can hold a concurrent post with resistance or by the components and parts of serving as other function.The first shunt F1 and the parallel connection of energy winding, the second shunt F2, one termination R1, R2 tie point, other end ground connection, the 3rd shunt one termination capacitance current input point, other end ground connection, F4 one end ground connection,

The vent diverter shunt F1 that overcurrent protection is used, F2, F3, also can be gas-discharge tube, voltage dependent resistor (VDR), strong discharge tube, voltage stabilizing diode, diode or and they the lightning-arrest element of similar characteristics is arranged.Resistance R 1, R2, be used for realizing voltage matches.More than protection can increase and decrease as the case may be.Splitter side overweights overcurrent protection moment or short-term, and cell voltage control then is the adjusting of long-term accumulated energy.

F1 is parallelly connected with L1, F2, F3, F4, F5, DW1, DW2 one end ground connection, and the F2 other end connects the common point of R1 and R2, and the F3 other end connects the capacitance current input point; The F4 other end connects the common point of R3 and R4, F5 one end ground connection, and the other end connects seized filthy leakage current input point, and K1, K2, K3, K4 are parallelly connected with L1, L2, L3, L4 respectively; K6, K7 are parallel to power supply E2, E1 respectively with after resistance R 26, the R27 series connection, after K5 and the R25 series connection, and an end ground connection, another termination E2 is anodal; R21 and R22 series connection, R21 other end ground connection, the positive pole of another termination of R22 E1, R21 and R22 common point meet processor A/D2; R23 and R24 series connection, R23 other end ground connection, another termination of R24 E2 is anodal; R23, R24 common point meet processor A/D3, and relay coil connects processor

The F6 other end connects the common point of L1 and D17, R11 and R12 common point that the DW1 other end connects,

The DW2 other end connects the common point of R14 and R15, diode D1, D2 one end ground connection, the other end connects the common point of R5 and R6, R8 and R9 respectively, K4 one end and iron core, join.K5 one termination E2 is anodal, and the other end is parallel to E2 through R25 ground connection after K6 and the R26 series connection, is parallel to E1 after K7 and the R27 series connection, and K one termination E2 is anodal, and the other end connects the transmitter supply end.R22 one termination E1 anode, ground connection behind another termination R21, R22, R21 common point meet processor A/D2; R24 one termination E2 anode; Ground connection behind another termination R23, R24, R23 common point meet processor A/D3, and R22, R21 common point, R24, R23 common point are as battery E1, E1+E2 voltage detecting point; Pilot relay G, G1, G2 switch after the treated device analysis, the volume controlled that makes battery is in certain scope.Relay G switch is K, and its coil is z, and the K switch 1 of relay G1, G2, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, coil are z1, z2, can increase and decrease as required.Z, z1, z2 meet processor I/O7, I/O9, I/O10 respectively, other end ground connection.

The course of work of the present invention is following:

The mutual inductance of capacitance current between energy winding and induction winding given the induction winding with energy delivery, through rectification energy-storage travelling wave tube charged.When energy winding current surpasses certain numerical value, the unnecessary electric current of each vent diverter shunting prevents that excessive or winding overload of energy or element from damaging.Processor A/D2, A/D3 mouth are regularly measured cell voltage from sampling resistor R21, R23, are transformed to digital quantity and are stored in storer.When cell voltage is higher than setting value, processor drives relay at this measuring period of end output signal, makes K closed, discharges unnecessary energy.Also can use K5, K6, K7 to connect resistance R 25, R26, R27 consumed energy, or connect K1, K2, K3, K4 and make energy can not be input to energy storage battery, they can use separately or partly or entirely common the use.If adopt bi-directional voltage stabilizing element or circuit place of switches K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 (K5, K6, K7 can be unidirectional stabilized voltage supplys), then after its voltage arrived certain value, just conducting limited or consumes excessive energy automatically.Some is similar on characteristic for bi-directional voltage stabilizing element or circuit and each shunt F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 etc.; But function stresses difference; The former mainly is used for regulating the excess energy of long-term accumulated, and latter's major side overweights overcurrent protection moment or short-term.When cell voltage is lower than setting value, except that the processor dormancy, breaks off or make other electricity consumption device of dormancy.

Through R8, R9, R10, D4, DW2, D14, C3, R14, R15, R16 circuit, detect its electric current small-pulse effect frequency from the seized filthy leakage current of collector ring by processor; Through R8, R9, R10, D4, DW1, D5, C2, R11, R12, R13 circuit, detect the big pulse frequency of its electric current by processor; Through R5, R6, R7, D3, D1, C1, R17, R18, R19, R20, amplifier IC circuit, regularly detect its electric current, and calculate the first-harmonic effective value by processor, be stored in storer again.R17, C1 constitute low-pass filter, preliminary elimination higher hamonic wave and high fdrequency component.

Temperature, relative humidity detect: accomplished sending processor, and be stored in storer by temperature, relative humidity sensor.

Processor regularly detects filthy leakage current, the electric current small-pulse effect frequency, the big pulse frequency of electric current, cell voltage, temperature, relative humidity and Measuring Time, preserves after treatment, and timed sending.When the big pulse frequency of electric current occurring, or when exceeding the sinusoidal filthy leakage current of setting value, the instant transmission.

After indoor host computer receives slave computer information, time of return calibration information, the instruction that the also renewable slave computer of the words that need is provided with.Host computer is handled the data storage of accepting, and is called at any time.Host computer can show each data form, curve and filthy leakage current exceed standard value, the instruction dialog box is set.Host computer is according to the filthy leakage current of the standard contaminated insulator of having preserved in the earial drainage current first harmonics of accepting, temperature, relative humidity and the real time line voltage that is called by transformer station, the machine and temperature, relative humidity relation formula or form, the parameter that has been provided with; Calculate the relative electric conductivity value of filthy state, and display result.When relative electric conductivity value, display reminding when exceeding standard value, the staff arranges work of treatment in advance according to long-pending dirty degree.The relative conductance method of filthy state also can be used for judging the outdoor insulative body pollution level monitoring of insulation column or power transmission and transforming equipments such as insulating sleeve or composite insulator.R28 is a cold end insulator capacitance current sampling resistor; Detect (also can through amplifier again to processor) by processor A/D4 port; When promptly being judged to zero resistance insulator, capacitance current overshoot value exists; Capacitance current is zero when (or filthy leakage current, or filthy leakage current is zero with the capacitance current composite value), can judge line-to-ground or not charged etc.

Capacitance current in measure of the present invention and the structure and filthy leakage current compile one of parts such as parts, supply unit, hanger and sky shade or several or all, can also compile one of parts such as parts, power supply, hanger and sky shade or several or all as the capacitance current of some on-line measuring device of high-tension electricity power transmission line and filthy leakage current.As the online detection of filthy leakage current of insulator, insulator contamination degree detecting, insulator arc-over current detecting, the detection of the insulator contamination electric current frequency, insulator dielectric resistance detection, insulator Partial Discharge Detection, insulator Electric Field Distribution detect, insulator voltage distributes that meteorologic parameter detects near detections, insulator mechanical property state-detection, the transmission line of electricity, the ice coating state of transmission line of electricity detects, the sag of waving detections, transmission line wire of the vibration detection of transmission line wire, transmission line wire detects, the range line of transmission line wire detects, the scissors crossing distance detecting of transmission line wire, thunder and lightning detect, the detection of insulator chain zero resistance insulator, the detection of iron tower of power transmission line running status, the detection of transmission line of electricity theftproof monitoring or the capacitance current and the filthy leakage current of communication device compile parts, power supply, hanger and sky shade etc.; Or the capacitance current of the pick-up unit of one of them project or a plurality of projects and filthy leakage current compile parts, power supply hanger and sky shade; Or get it and use as independent current source, also can supply power jointly with solar panel or aerogenerator.

Embodiment

Fig. 4 is for the capacitance current being the examples of implementation of the filthy remote detection device of disk insulator of the outdoor location energy.K1 is parallelly connected with shunt F1, relay contact (switch) for L1; One termination R1, the other end take over voltage shunt F6, anodal, the D16 negative pole of D17, shunt F6, the anodal other end ground connection of D17; The D16 positive pole connects R28 and processor A/D4 mouth, R28 other end ground connection.Energy winding L 1, R28, D17 that the line distribution capacitance electric current gets into supply unit by voltage matches resistance R 2, R1 are then to ground.When cold end insulator capacitance current overshoot value, be judged to zero resistance insulator and existed, when cold end insulator capacitance current or filthy leakage current or both are zero, can judge line-to-ground or not charged etc.In induction winding L 2, L3, induce electric current, behind rectification circuit D6 ~ 9 of bridge-type detection, D10 ~ 13 respectively to accumulator E2, the E1 charging of forward series connection, the E1 minus earth.Load connects the corresponding battery two ends.Stabilivolt or relay switch K2, K3, K4 respectively with induction winding L 2, L3, L4 parallel connection, as the usefulness of energy control.

The first shunt F1 and the parallel connection of energy winding, the second shunt F2, one termination R1, R2 tie point, other end ground connection, the 3rd shunt one termination capacitance current input point, other end ground connection.After capacitance current has exceeded certain numerical value, the shunt F of over-current protecting element ₁Transient voltage restraining diode F ₁The electric current of L1 has been shunted in conducting, prevents energy winding overload.When very big pulse current occurring, the strong discharge tube F of second shunt of unusual over-current protecting element ₂, the 3rd shunt gas-discharge tube F ₃Puncture, prevent that circuit from damaging, they have been functions of duplicate protection.F ₂, F ₃Can adopt different types of components, for different pulse current waveform, F ₂, F ₃The priority that punctures possibly be different.

After R5, R6, R7, D3 series circuit and R8, R9, R10, the parallel connection of D4 series circuit and R3, R4 series connection, the seized filthy leakage current input end of a termination (collector ring), other end ground connection.The seized filthy leakage current input end of shunt F5 one termination, other holds ground connection, shunt F4 one termination R3, R4 tie point, other end ground connection is as the metering circuit overcurrent protection.R14, R15, R16 connect successively, and R14 connects R10, D4 tie point, R16 other end ground connection, and R16, R15 tie point connect processor I/O5 port, measure the filthy leakage current small-pulse effect frequency.DW2 one end ground connection, another termination R14, R15 tie point.D14, C3 one termination processor I/O5 port, other end ground connection.DW2, D14, C3 serve as pressure limiting, protection, anti-interference function.R11, R12, R13 connect successively, and R11 connects R9, R10 tie point, and R13 holds ground connection in addition, and R12, R13 tie point connect processor I/O6 port, measure the big pulse frequency of filthy leakage current.DW1 one end ground connection, another termination R11, R12 tie point.D5, C2 one termination processor I/O6 port, other end ground connection, DW1, D5, C2 serve as pressure limiting, protection, anti-interference function.R17, R18 series connection back R18 connect amplifier IC reverse input end, and R17 connects R5, R6 tie point, and R20 connects the amplifier positive input, other end ground connection.R19 is a feedback resistance, connects amplifier reverse input end and output terminal.The aforementioned proportion amplifier out connects processor A/D1 modulus port, and by the welfare sorrow conversion fast of processor warp, obtain filthy leakage current first-harmonic effective value, and storage is called.Whether proportional amplifier enables termination processor I/O8 port, worked by the control of processor I/O8 port voltage.D1 and R5 parallel connection, its forward voltage drop are used for the restricting signal superpotential.D2 and R8 parallel connection, consistent to keep positive and negative half-wave waveform.D3, D4 detection usefulness make two branch roads detect positive and negative half-wave respectively.

R21, R22 series connection constitute voltage divider and E1 parallel connection, and R21 side one end ground connection is as the sampling resistor of measuring E1.The tie point of R21, R22 connects the A/D2 mouth of processor.R23, R24 series connection constitute voltage divider, R23 side one end ground connection, and as the sampling resistor of measuring E1+E2, the R24 side connects the E2 positive pole.The tie point of R23, R24 connects the A/D3 mouth of processor.

The power supply of transmitter links to each other with E2 is anodal through K switch, and Data In-Line, output line and processor two I/O1, I/O2 are connected.Temperature relative humidity sensor power supply connects the E1 positive pole, and data line is connected with processor I/O3, I/O4 respectively with clock line.

Processor also is connected with amplifier G, G1, G2 input end except that above-mentioned connection, and G, G1, G2 output terminal are succeeded electric apparatus coil z, z1, z2 respectively, relay coil other end ground connection.

Processor is with measuring cell voltage with the A/D port.When cell voltage was too high, in measuring period Mo, to relay coil, the power switch K that controls transmitter (also can use K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 or part wherein, or pressure limiting element or circuit such as stabilivolt to the output signal through amplifier (G).) make it connect a period of time, consume or block unnecessary energy.Cross when low when cell voltage,, cut off the power supply of other element or make its dormancy except that processor is in the dormant state.

Processor is with the frequency of measurement big pulse of filthy leakage current of I/O port and small-pulse effect, temperature, relative humidity signal; With I/O port output data and reception instruction.Processor is the work period of control amplifier, temperature, relative humidity sensor, transmitter also, implements discontinuous operation, saves energy.

Data Receiving, analysis and display unit are computing machines of being furnished with specific program; Be indoor host computer, bear the data that each measurement point sends storage, demonstration, to each data unit send surveying work cycle, transmitter sends instruction tasks such as cycle, time adjustment, battery operated voltage range.And the filthy leakage current effective value that will receive (the filthy leakage current of the actual measurement of insulator also can comprise capacitance current); Be converted into the filthy leakage current values under the specified line voltage distribution; Divided by what formulate in advance, the filthy leakage current of the standard contaminated insulator under uniform temp, identical relative humidity, the specified line voltage distribution is arranged then.With the mean value of each quotient of each quotient or a day to several days, as the filthy index of judging insulator.This value prompting can also occur during greater than the index that should overhaul set, and the cleaning maintenance work is arranged in suggestion.(promptly choose the filthy insulator of a standard, obtain it in advance under normal voltage, the relation of filthy leakage current and temperature, relative humidity.Remove to measure the pollution level of monitored insulator with the pollution level of the filthy insulator of standard.）

The structural representation of sky shade and hanger and temperature relative humidity sensor installation site are as shown in Figure 3, outdoor cabinet, the first hanger electric conductor 5, hanger insulator 6, the second hanger electric conductors 7.1 is the solid layer of sky shade, and cabinet 3, hanger insulator 6 have the solid layer function of double as sky shade, the 2nd, and the airway of sky shade.Sky shade protects it to avoid the sunlight direct projection outside cabinet, hanger.Temperature relative humidity sensor 4 is installed in the below of device, is in the air-flow of insulator chain 8, receives the protection of the insulator 6 of sky shade, cabinet and hanger simultaneously, and measured value is very near the actual value of air-flow.

Claims (9)

1. the online remote monitoring method of the filthy state of a disk insulator; It is characterized in that; Whether charged this method is judged the degree of external insulation pollution of electric transmission and transformation equipment through the relative conductance method of filthy state, and detect and whether have zero resistance insulator in the insulator chain or detect power transmission line or ground connection not through detecting cold end insulator capacitance current.

2. the online remote monitoring method of the filthy state of disk insulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said degree through the relative conductance method judgement of filthy state external insulation pollution of electric transmission and transformation equipment specifically may further comprise the steps:

(1),, multiply by normal voltage divided by real time line voltage with the filthy leakage current of the actual measurement of insulator to be detected or insulator chain or comprise the filthy leakage current of insulator capacitance current;

(2) with the calculated value of step (1), divided by the filthy leakage current of standard under identical temperature, identical relative humidity, expression pollution level;

(3) each calculated value of step display (2) or this calculated value are represented pollution level at some days mean value.

3. the online remote monitoring method of the filthy state of disk insulator according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said through detect cold end insulator capacitance current detect whether have zero resistance insulator in the insulator chain or detect power transmission line whether charged or ground connection is not specially: the capacitance current that detects the cold end insulator; When capacitance current during greater than setting; There is zero resistance insulator in judgement in insulator chain, or when insulator capacitance current or filthy leakage current and capacitance current resultant current are zero, judges that power transmission line ground connection or power transmission line are not charged.

4. online remote monitoring device of the filthy state of the disk insulator that is used for the said method of claim 1; It is characterized in that; It mainly is made up of indoor set and several outdoor locations that are installed on the insulator chain of monitoring point, and indoor set links to each other with outdoor location respectively through wired or wireless or its array mode; Indoor set is a computing machine; Outdoor location comprises: the airway (2) of the solid layer of sky shade member (1), sky shade, outdoor location cabinet (3), hanger, temperature relative humidity sensor (4), capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile parts (9) and collector ring parts; Wherein, hanger is made up of the first hanger electric conductor (5), hanger insulator (6) and the second hanger electric conductor (7); The second hanger electric conductor (7) is connected with iron tower, and the first hanger electric conductor (5) compiles parts (9) with capacitance current and filthy leakage current and is connected; Outdoor location cabinet (3) places on the hanger; The solid layer of sky shade member (1) outside cabinet or above; Temperature relative humidity sensor (4) places the below of hanger insulator (6), and the airway of sky shade (2) is distributed between solid layer (1), outdoor location cabinet (3) and the hanger insulator (6) of sky shade member; It is an electric conductor that capacitance current and filthy leakage current compile parts (9); This electric conductor is got in touch with the transmission line of electricity high-pressure conductor through one of distributed capacitance and bleeder resistance or both; With after the first hanger electric conductor (5) is connected, final ground connection.

5. according to the online remote monitoring device of the filthy state of the said disk insulator of claim 4; It is characterized in that; Power supply unit, insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, processor, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit and data unit are housed in the outdoor location cabinet (3); Wherein, power supply unit, insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit link to each other with processor respectively with data unit; Insulator contamination leakage current sampling amplifier unit, capacitance current sampling amplifier unit, data unit, processor link to each other with power supply unit respectively; Data unit is got in touch through communication and host computer; Power supply unit links to each other with temperature relative humidity sensor (4) respectively with processor, and power supply unit compiles parts (9) with capacitance current and filthy leakage current respectively with capacitance current sampling amplifier unit and links to each other.

6. according to the online remote monitoring device of the filthy state of the said disk insulator of claim 4, it is characterized in that the cabinet of its outdoor location or temperature relative humidity measurement parts place the airflow on surface of insulator chain to be detected.

7. according to the online remote monitoring device of the filthy state of the said disk insulator of claim 4, it is characterized in that its outdoor location can be measured capacitance current or the electric current that both synthesize of the cold end of filthy leakage point electric current to be detected and insulator chain respectively.

According to claim 5 said a kind of be the power supply unit of energy transformation device of the online remote monitoring device of the filthy state of disk insulator of the energy with transmission line of electricity capacitance current and filthy leakage current; It is characterized in that; Supply the energy of its accumulation of energy parts; Except that from one of capacitance current and filthy leakage current or both, can also with from solar panel or with wind-driven generator or with solar panel and wind-driven generator, form associating power supply form.

9. power supply unit according to claim 5 is characterized in that power supply comprises: current transformation and accumulator, energy controller; Current transformation and accumulator are made up of energy-sensitive device, rectification circuit, accumulator, diode D15, and the energy-sensitive device links to each other with accumulator with rectification circuit successively, and the energy-sensitive device links to each other with energy controller respectively with accumulator; The energy-sensitive device is output AC voltage directly, and wherein, the energy-sensitive device comprises that iron core, the energy winding L on the iron core 1, three induction winding L 2, L3, L4 form that (the induction winding can be a winding independently; Or a plurality of independently windings, or be with the tap winding, or hold a concurrent post by the part of energy winding); The energy winding of energy-sensitive device is to connect current source, and when electric current was sine, the amplitude coefficient of its voltage was less than

; Induction winding L 2, L3 connect rectification circuit input end, and energy controller comprises: processor partial function, shunt F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 relay switch K, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, resistance R 21, R22, R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, relay G, G1, G2, and wherein can be in shunt F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 relay switch K, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, resistance R 26, R27, relay G1, the G2 enforcement according to specific requirement; Select for use a part of combination to use, the power switch of K when also the double as transmitter sends data, K switch, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7 can be electronic type or mechanical on-off element; Or current limliting such as unidirectional voltage stabilizing element or bi-directional voltage stabilizing element or non-linear resistance or pressure limiting element or constitute by circuit, transmitter can be held a concurrent post with resistance or by the components and parts of serving as other function as the function that discharges the energy content of battery; The first shunt F1 and the parallel connection of energy winding, the second shunt F2, one termination R1, R2 tie point, other end ground connection; The 3rd shunt one termination capacitance current input point, other end ground connection, F4 one end ground connection; The other end connects the common point of R3 and R4, F5 one end ground connection, and the other end connects seized filthy leakage current input point; K1, K2, K3, K4 respectively with L1, L2, L3, L4 parallel connection, K6, K7 are parallel to power supply E2, E1 respectively with after resistance R 26, the R27 series connection, after K5 connects with R25; One end ground connection, another termination E2 is anodal, R21 and R22 series connection; R21 other end ground connection, the positive pole of another termination of R22 E1, R21 and R22 common point meet processor A/D2; R23 and R24 series connection; R23 other end ground connection, another termination of R24 E2 is anodal, and R23, R24 common point meet processor A/D3; Relay coil connects processor; The anodal other end of K one termination E2 connects the transmitter supply end, and diode D15 positive pole connects the E2 positive pole, and it is anodal that negative pole connects the associating power supply.

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